ADIGRAT UNIVERSTY COLLEG OF ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
PARABOLIC TROUPH SOLAR WATER HEATER FOR
ALMEDA TEXTAIL

GROUP MEMBERS ID NO

1 SHUSHAY HAILU 4142/07

2 G/WAHID G/HIWOT 3239/07

3 H/SLASE HULUF 3390/0

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Declaration
We declare that the work, which is being presented in this project, entitled (parabolic trough
solar water heater), We want to declare that throughout our stay from sebtember29/06/ 2010--
november29/10/ 2010.we have done, understand, get… different practical work atmosphere and
those are written and included in this Adigrat University Institute Of Technology Faculty of
Mechanical engineering.
ACKNOWLEDMENT
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our advisor Ms. Hailu for his invaluable
advice and continuous guidance throughout the progress of this project.

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Executive Summery
Parabolic trough solar water heater is advice that produces thermal energy and it reduces wastage
of time. They can damage seriously to different parts of body. The main objective of this project
is designing Parabolic trough solar water heater for Almeda. The focus of this project was to
design a under certain constraints such as compact size, easy to operate, low cost.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Recent increase in energy demand and constraintsin supply of energy becomes a priority for thedifferent industry
[1]. Very few research attemptshave been done to estimate the significance of energy required for the different
process. In this experimental study alternative use of solar energy has been studied. Solar energy is a
hightemperature, high-exergy radiant energy source, with tremendous advantages over other alternativeenergy
sources. It is a reliable, domestic, robust renewable resource with large undeveloped potential, and it emits
essentially none of the atmospheric emissions that are of growing concern.The design and fabrication of parabolic
trough solar water heater for water heating was executed.The procedure employed includes the design,
construction and testing stages. The equipment which is made up of the reflector surface (curved mirror), reflector
support, absorber pipe and a stand was fabricated using locally sourced materials. This work presents a
reproducible parabolic trough solar water heater as a suitable renewable technology for reducing water-heating
costs and solar water heating systems with optical concentrating technologies as important entrants for providing
needed bulk solar energy [2]. Parabolic trough power plants are the only types of solar thermal power plant
technology with existing commercial operating systems.Parabolic- trough collectors ( ) are frequently employed
for solar steam- generation because temperatures of about 300 can be obtained without any serious degradation in
the collector’s efficiency. The incident solar-radiation falling on the collector is utilized for pipe heating. Inside
the pipe, the thermal fluid flows and its temperature

1.2 Problem of Statement

In Almeda textile factory water is heated using boiler and this one takes a lot of energy and a lot of
money (it needs large capital).it have very heavy cost to maintenance and it needs always operators.

Figure 1.1 water heaters in Almeda

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1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable(naturally replenished). About 16% of global
final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass,
which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro,
modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are
growing very rapidly. The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16%
of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables. Renewable
energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and
geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains:
Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its
various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth.
Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower,
biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.

Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient
times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar
heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity and solar architecture, which can make
considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces.
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on
the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use
of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible
and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase
countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-
independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating
climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global.
Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning
investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

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The Earth receives 174 pet watts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper
atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds,
oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across
thevisible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Earth's land surface,
oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and thisraises their temperature. Warm air
containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or
convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor
condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent
heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as
wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the
surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy
into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are
derived. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is
approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than
the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass.
The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is
about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of
coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined. Solar energy can be harnessed in different
levels around the world. Depending on a geographical location the closer to the equator the more
"potential" solar energy is available.

1.4 objectives
1.4.1 general objective
Design and modeling parabolic trough solar water heater In Almeda Textile plc.
1.4.2 Specific objective
To design each components of parabolic trough solar water heater.
To select proportional material.
To draw 3D modeling by appropriate mechanical soft ware (solid work)

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1.5 scope of the project
This project will be designed and modeled based on studies conducted by referring the
existing reference books and mechanical software. The scope of the project is standing from
literature review until to design each component of parabolic trough solar water heater and
modeling by solid work.
1.6 Significance of study

Figure 1.2 significance of parabolic trough solar water heater

To heat the cool water
To decrease maintenance cost
To use renewable energy or sustainable energy

1.7 Methodologies
To conduct the design of the parabolic trough solar water heater is the processes follow the
product design development (PDD) process. Data collection was done through the two basic
ways

A Primary Data: -
 Direct observation,
 Formal & informal interview with different professionals and from written data.

B Secondary Data: -
 Different research works and pneumatic robot manufacturers
 From internet.
 Generally, after collecting the data by primary and secondary source, the process follows
through PDD sequence and procedure from identifying customer need, design analysis
and cost estimation. The methodology process follows PDD procedure as:

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 Need or Aim

Synthesis (mechanism)

Analysis of force

Material selection

Design of elements
Size and stress

Modification

Detailed drawing

Production
Figure 6.1 general procedure in this design

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Material selection
component Type of material
Reflecting surface Stainless steel ,polished
absorber copper
casing Steel stand
Insulating material Glass wood

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