CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Social media usage by students is so rampant recently because of

easy access to devices such as smart phones, i-phones, tablets, i-pad and

laptops which are connected to the internet. Addiction to the usage of

social media has extremely increased in recent times. The perils of its

effects on the academic performance of the over-involved students are

disturbing. Academic performance which is depicted by the grades of

students is a great concern student that spends excessive time on social

networks become dependent on it and it is believed that their academic

performance diminishes proportionately. It is perceived that school grades

will suffer when spending too much time on social sites such as facebook,

as valuable study time is lost.

The rapid advancement of media technology has had a great impact

on the way people communicate on a daily basis. The growing dimension

of the use of the social media among the youth of today cannot be

overemphasized. Over the years, social networking among students has

become more and more popular. It is a way to make connections, not only

in school but with friends outside of school. Social networking is a way

that helps people feels they belong to a community. Due to the increased

popularity of social media. It also affects the students’ academic

performance. The use of technology such as internet is one of the most

1
important factors that can influence educational performance of students

positively or adversely. Many parents and guardians are worried that

students are spending too much time on facebook and other social media

sites and have not enough time to study. Though parents are worried

about students’ constant use of the social media sites, many students

continue to utilize these sites on a daily basis.

It is against this background that this research is being conducted

to ascertain the effects of social media on the academic performance of

Grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan. We the researchers

conducted this research because we have noticed in the school campus

that social media specifically facebook affects the academic performance

of students of University of Pangasinan by spending their whole time on

it and ignoring their school works resulting to lower grades and poor class

performance. Therefore, we researchers wants to know the positive and

negative effects of social media to the academic performance of students

of University of Pangasinan and the factors that causes poor class

performance result. The researchers also wants to know how social media

can improve a students academic performance in an effective way.

2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The internet is today the most important source of information and

the growing dimensions of the use of social media by students cannot be

underestimated. It has been observed that students devote more attention

and time to social media especially facebook than they do for their studies

and they cannot pass their examinations well if they do not learn.

Academic excellence plays an important role in a students’ life; be it in the

family, at social gatherings, at workplace, in an institution or even among

peers. Much emphasis is placed on academic excellence because of the

role it plays in an individual’s life as far as a successful life and respect is

concerned in every part of the world. Due to this, many people are

concerned with the ways that they can improve their academic

performance. This study will focus to these following questions:

1. What are the positive and negative effects of social media to the

academic performance of grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan?

2. What are the social factors that causes the students academic

performance result to poor class performance?

3. How can social media help the grade 12 students of University of

Pangasinan to improve their class performance?

3
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

The researchers have conducted a study about effects of social

media to the academic performance of grade 12 students of University of

Pangasinan.To be able to the researchers to collect information about the

solid topic.In line with this study,the researchers have given time to

conduct a research.The researchers have made some hypothesis about the

topic.

Ha:

There is a significant influence between social media and the grade 12

students academic performance.

Ho:

There is no significant influence of social media to the grade 12 students

academic performance.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The input, process, and output method will help the thesis become

more organized and create an outline which offers an overview into the

way the proposed study will be started, acted upon and finished.

4
 Figure 1

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The researchers
will give the Grade
12 STEM The researchers
students of are hoping that
University of in this research,
Profile of
Pangasinan that they
respondents that conducted, they
survey
is needed by questionnaires to can distinguish
be answered. the origin of the
researcher in problems and to
Where the
terms of: researchers are find out what is
hoping to gather most efficient
Age
information to way on how to
Gender solve this
support their
Section claims and problem that the
conclusions grade 12 STEM
towards the strand are
following research facing.
problems.

Figure 1, shows three boxes which is the input-process-output model. The

input frame includes the profile of the respondents such as age, gender,

and section. The process frame refers to the steps of the researchers that

are used to obtain information by using survey questionnaires. While the

output frame covers the obtained information to the effects of social media

to the academic performance of grade 12 students of University of

Pangasinan.

5
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The respondents of the study are 50 selected grade 12 students of

University of Pangasinan. The researchers do not include other year levels

to this study because of their self-control in terms of social media. This

aims to identify the students who are addicted in social media resulting in

poor class performance. The researchers do not intend to include all kinds

of factors that may affect student's poor class performance, but is only

focused on getting the positive and negative effects of social media, social

factors that may affect students academic performance and to know how

social media can help improve the academic performance of grade 12

students of University of Pangasinan.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is all about the Effects of Social Media to the academic

Performance especially for Grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan.

This study wants to explain the proper usage of Social Media.

This study is for:

Grade 12 Students of University of Pangasinan. They find here the

advantages and disadvantages of Social Media.

All students of University of Pangasinan. To be more aware of using

social media and to be more responsible.

Faculty Members of University of Pangasinan. To be aware from the

actions of their students and educate them about their limitations of using

Social Media.

6
The University Guidance Councilor. That they can use the gathered data

to be able to reach those students and have a seminar at school about

having control of using Social Media.

The community possessing the same kind of case. That they can read

about the study and make it as a guide on understanding how this

problem emerged and how would they deal with the problem itself.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The researchers have used conceptual definition for this study which gives

clear understanding to the readers. For clarification and appreciation of

the present study, the following terms are defined.

1. Academic Performance - This is how well a student meets standards

set out by the local government and the institution itself.

2. Addiction - the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular

substance, thing, or activity.

3. Community - a group of people living in the same place or having a

particular characteristic in common.

4. Facebook - is a popular free social networking website that allows

registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send

messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

5. Internet - a global computer network providing a variety of information

and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using

standardized communication protocols.

7
6. Networking - the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact

with other users, or to find people with similar interests to oneself.

7. Social Media - websites and applications that enable users to create and

share content or to participate in social networking.

8. Survey - a question or a series of questions in order to gather

information about what most people do or think about something.

9. Technology - refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the

result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.

8
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

The concept of social media

Social media continuously keeps changing and as such it is difficult to

assign a fixed definition to it as Jacka and Scott (2011), argued that ‘’there

is no single recognized definition for social media’’. However some scholars

have defined it in different perspectives over the past years. Kaplan and

Haenlein (2010), defined social media as a group of internet- based

applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of

Web 2.0 and allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content.

The Oxford dictionary (2011), also defined social media as “websites and

applications used for social networking”. Another definition of social media

is that it is a ‘’communication channel which is very popular, extremely

fast and broad, has proven to be highly effective, as well as trusted by

billions of people , to share and discover content concerning individuals,

brands, information, entertainment and knowhow’’ (Dearborn, 2014). One

theme that all these definitions underpin is that social media involves

some form of communication between individuals over the internet. Social

media began in the late 1990s with the first recognized social media

network called “SixDegrees “ in 1997 and this technology enabled people

9
to upload a profile and make friends. From 1997 to 2001 a number of

community tools; Asian Avenue, blackplanet and MiGente began

supporting various combination of profile and publicly articulated friend

(Boyd, Danah, Ellison and Nicole, 2007). There has been tremendous

improvement since this era and today there exist uncountable social

networking sites either developed for local use, specific purpose or

international use. Kaplan and Haenlein (2010), classified social media into

six (6) different categories as follows;

1. Collaborative project (wikipedia)

2. Blogs and microblogs (twitter)

3. Content communities (youtube)

4. Social networking sites (FB, 2go, BB chat)

5. Virtual game World (world of warcraft)

6. Virtual second world (second life)

This classification of social media into classes has been useful to scholars

and individuals for easy identification and study of a particular social

media type but today a difficulty may arise due the high proliferation of

social media and one may wonder which group a new developed social

media type fits into. Social media is considered to be the fastest growing

web application in the 21 century and this rapid development is being

backed by technological advancement (Heyam, 2014). Mankind has

enormously benefited and continues to benefit from it and as such cannot

underestimate its importance as far as communication is concerned.

10
Today, social media has taken a new dimension and has encouraged more

participation through the introduction of mobile phones that support

social networks applications.

Positive effects of social media on students’ academic life

Students’ academic life has moved to a different dimension since the

introduction of these social media networks and several studies have

affirmed that social media plays an important role on students in higher

education including the study conducted by Wheeler, Yeomans and

Wheeler,(2008); Rifkin, Longnecker, Leach and Ortia,(2009). In their

study, they recognized four (4) major advantages of social media usage by

students in higher education which included; enhancing relationship,

improving learning motivation, offering personalized course material, and

developing collaborative abilities. Indeed, social media has contributed

greatly to facilitating learning in the 21st century. It is shown that a greater

percentage of students including those at the PhD level commonly use

social media to ameliorate their studies (Khan, 2010). The answers to the

causes of flexible studies today across the globe might not be far-fetched

from the great contribution that social media platforms are providing when

used judiciously. Even though, there have been other school of thought

that states that social media is a nuisance to students’ academic life such

as Kuppuswamy and Shankar (2010), who argued in their study that

social networks distracts the attention and concentration of the students

toward learning and converts it towards non educational activities such as

11
useless and unnecessary chatting, there have been several studies

conducted afterwards whose findings are contrary to this claim. For

instance, the study conducted by Jain, Verma, Verma and Tiwari (2012),

titled “the impact of social networking in promoting education’’ revealed

that students benefit from chatting with other students, teachers and

external sources to acquire knowledge. Also, Yunus and Salehi (2012),

argued in the same direction that students gained more vocabulary,

improved their writing skills and reduced their spelling mistakes through

social media usage. In fact as an educational tool, social media enriches

learning by giving both students and teachers the opportunity to connect

in new and very exciting ways thereby encouraging flexible mode of

learning. It is stated that flexible learning expands the choice on what,

when and how people learn. It supports different styles of learning

including E-learning which is highly patronized across the globe (Pappas,

2013). Other scholars; O’keeffe and Clake-pearson (2011), in their study

also revealed that social media benefits students by connecting them to

one another on assignments and class projects. It is further buttressed in

the study of Arquero and Esteban (2013) and Selwyn (2007) whose

conclusions were that social media undoubtedly generate new

opportunities to engage students in higher education as they are

remarkably effective at connecting people and facilitating the exchange of

information. It is clear and indisputable from these studies that social

12
media usage in the educational sector cannot be underestimated since its

introduction.

Negative effects of social media on students’ academic life

Davies and Cranston (2008), enumerated some of the risks associated with

social media which included criminal activities such as identity theft and

fake contacts which is prevalent today, sexual abuse or harassment and

unsuitable advertising. On the same subject O’keeffe and Clake-pearson

(2011), also mentioned cyberbullying, online harassment, sexting,

facebook depression, and privacy concerns as some of the challenges

associated with social networking.

Cyberbullying: cyberbullying is a category of bullying that occurs in the

digital realm or medium of electronic text. ‘‘It is any behavior performed

through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly

communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or

discomfort on others’’ (Tokunaga, 2010). Cyberbullying is one the serious

threat in the social media environment and has called for a number of

studies to determine its causes. The causes of cyberbullying according to

Calvete, Orue, Estevez, Villardon and Padilla (2010), was significantly

related with the use of proactive aggression, justification of violence,

exposure to violence and less perceived social support of friends.

Privacy concerns: this is another concern that everyone involved in social

networking is faced with. The rate at which people post or share fake

information calls for alarm and it is difficult to ascertain that, what people

13
say and post are truly who they are. Individuals’ private information are

publicly displayed on some of these social networks and malicious people

take advantage and perpetrate all kinds of harassment. It is also argued

that the privacy options offered by most social networking sites (SNSs) do

not provide users with the flexibility needed to handle conflicts with

individuals who have different conceptions of privacy (Preibusch, Hoser,

Gurses and Berendt, 2007). Aside these effects, other studies conducted

by scholars have also proved that social media can be detrimental to

students’ academic life if caution is not taken in its usage. For instance

the study conducted by Obi, Bulus, Adamu and Sala’at (2012), titled “The

need for safety consciousness among Youths on social Networking Sites”

concluded that social media affects students use of English. They use

short-handwriting when chatting with friends and unconsciously get used

to it thereby replicating same errors during examinations. Even though

one may argue that these are minor challenges, it is important to

acknowledge the increasing rate at which these errors are replicated in the

education sector and if care is not taken future generation may see it as a

norm. Indeed a number of studies including but not limited to the study

of Kuppuswamy and Shankar (2010), Osharive (2015), Maya (2015),

among others have revealed unequivocally that social media can be

problematic to students’ academic life if caution is not taken in its usage.

Basically this study is about how social Media networks affects the

performance of students that how their grade points affected through

14
using such networks. Some most commonly used social Medias are

Facebook, Skype, twitter, YouTube, Google. In different countries a large

number of researchers have been work on this issue to evaluate this

increasing trend among students. Most of the studies presented the

results in against Social Media and argued that it has negative results for

student and younger generation. According to this study social media has

emerging positive effect on the students and causes for their high results

grade. These studies also argued that students spent most of their time on

such activates and easily completed their home assignments and Projects.

Junco, Heibergert, and Loken et al (2011) a study is conducted on 132

students in order to examine the relationship of social media and

engagement of students with it& social media and grades of students. To

examine this relationship the students were divided into two groups, one

group use twitter and the other group did not use twitter account. It was

used to make discussions about study material, organize the study groups

in a manner, also post the announcements of class, and remain in touch

with class fellows. Junco and his coworkers (2011) surprised that the

students of Twitter group achieve greater GPAs and higher scores than the

other group.

According to the outcome, students’ academic performance is

affected the more they use Facebook. Social platforms are mainly used by

students for socializing activities rather than academic purpose Oye

15
(2012). In addition Oye (2012) said that majority of students feel that social

platforms have positive impact on academic growth. Rather (2013, p. 69)

avers that: the social platforms which are being used today with great

desire and enthusiasm have altered the way of using internets in this

modern age by defining online tools and utilities which allow users for

communication, participation and collaboration of information online.

Today’s young generation, especially teens and youth are using technology

through innovative ways due to which they are referred to as millennial

and have changed the way they think, work and communicate even though

they are in formative years of their life. Today’s youth because of social

platforms have become technology addicts and are quite Withdrawn.

Local Literature

In this Digital Age, everyone seems to make his or her presence felt

in the virtual world to validate his or her existence. Getting connected

through social networks and blog sites seems to be the norm, not just

among individuals, but also among companies and businesses. With this,

the Honor Award Program (HAP) of the Civil Service Commission (CSC) has

ventured into social media to strengthen its promotional strategies of the

Program Commission on Information and Communications Technology

(CICT)Chairman Ivan John E. Uy said that social networking sites can be

a useful tool in public service delivery. “The use of Facebook and Twitter

in government offices provides better access to the public,” he said in an

16
interview aired overDZRB. There are 24 million Internet users in the

Philippines, 51% of which use social networking sites. Social media is an

effective platform for information dissemination and engagement. “It’s

about time to engage with our stakeholders. There are 1.4 million

government workers all over the country.Filipinos should hear of the

inspiring stories of our outstanding public servants. Being on Facebook is

one way to reach out to the public that we serve,” said CSC Chairman

Francisco T. Duque III. The Pangasinan provincial government is

vigorously pushing people empowerment, including generating greater

public awareness on various government programs through the use of

social networking sites. Vangie Padilla, a social media specialist and

resource speaker, said Espino wanted to raise the level of quality of public

service given to the 2.6 million College of Arts and Science Bachelor of

Science in Foreign Service. Since there are now some 300,000

Pangasinenses who areon Facebook, Padilla said Espino thought of coping

with the times by “switching from the traditional to cyberspace.” Since

Pangasinan is now dubbed as No. 1 province in many aspects, Gov.Espino

opts to explore greater heights of bringing government service closer to the

people, having seen the intense impact of social media like Facebook,

Twitter and YouTube among Pangasinenses,” Padilla said. Coinciding with

the half -day orientation was the launching of Espino’s social networking

sites.

17
 Related Studies

Foreign Studies

Transition in behavior has led the youth to explore new patterns of

information and perform multitasking. Though, this multitasking has to

affect the time utility and distribution in both positive and negative ways.

One significant effect of these channels is on the student’s academic

performance and several empirical studies have reported that the

excessive unproductive time spent on social networking sites have affect

the students grades. Similarly, a preliminary analysis of the “Effects of

Facebook usage” by undergraduate students at Lulea University of

Technology in Sweden. The research model used for this study tests the

perceived affect of self regulation, trust and personality traits on student

achievements. The research model suggests the negative mediating effects

of the Social Networking Sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Skype etc.

The concluding remarks are that, a decrease occurs in the student’s

academic performance but a positive effect on the satisfaction with life.

Similarly, SNS do affect one’s academic performance adversely. It causes

the gradual drop in the grades of the students directly. It affects the

student’s academic performance if he/she invests his/her time in SNS

instead in his studies. Time wasting is a major issue in this regard. SNS

are highly addictive to those people who cannot control themselves into

constantly using these sites, prioritize entertainment over work and gives

too much attention to social acceptance and affiliation. The situation is

18
that if a student gives too much time to SNS, there is an ultimately

decrease in its academic performance.

Same as mentioned above, Social networking site like Facebook becomes

an issue as people relates this with academic performance. Many

researchers are working to explore the correlation between social

networking sites and academic performance. Those students, who use

Facebook and twitter, have shorter span of attention in classrooms. Such

sites create many problems for teachers because abbreviations commonly

used on sites such as Twitter and Facebook are also making it into

coursework, essays and experiment write-ups. The study conducted with

500 teachers reveals many interesting fact. Teacher believed that these

sites shaping student’s attitude. The report concludes that the children

with the poorest grades at school are the ones who spent most time on

social networking. Unfortunately, 58 percent of teachers believe mobile

phones and computers are responsible for children being unable to spell

as well as previous generations. And 54 percent say children can’t write as

well as they should because they are more used to keyboards and

touchpads.

Local Studies

Social Media Constructs, Destructs

In past Philippine presidential elections, the art of destruction was

so intense it left a bad taste in the mouth. Some of the accusations were
19
true, but most of them were simply speculative and false. On television

today, one can see saliva dripping from the corners of critics’ mouths, or

the satanic fierceness in their eyes as they demolish the target of their

assassination. There is a term for today’s head-hunting bloggers: bastos.

The truthful journalist’s weapon against charges of false and

malicious reporting was – and possibly continues to be – libel. One must

be proven without a doubt that he was out to malign the subject, and a

sane court, analyzing the facts of the case and finds the respondent not

guilty, will throw the petition out of the window. Such is the case with

social media. It can be used to prop up or destroy an individual and/or

commercial product. And who is to distinguish the truth and falsehood of

social media reporting? Imtiaz Ali of TechMead writes of the positive effects

of social media, mainly that social networks helping businesses in a variety

of ways.

Traditional marketing mediums such as the radio, TV commercials and

print ads are completely obsolete now and demand for thousands of

dollars,” he writes. “However, with social media the businesses can

connect with their targeted customers for free, the only cost is energy and

time. Through Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or any other social site you can

lower your marketing cost to a significant level.

Social networks have removed all the communication and interaction

barriers, and now one can communicate his/her perception and thoughts

20
over a variety of topics. Students and experts are able to share and

communicate with like-minded people and can ask for the input and

opinion on a particular topic.

Another positive impact of social networking sites is to unite people on a

huge platform for the achievement of some specific objective. This is very

important to bring the positive change in society.

On the other hand, one of the negative effects of social media or network

is it leads to addiction. “Spending countless hours on the social sites can

divert the focus and attention from a particular task. It lowers the

motivational level of the people, especially of the teenagers and students.

They mainly rely on technology and the internet instead of learning the

practical knowledge and expertise of the everyday life.”

Karen Fraxier, public relations specialist, writes that social media “has

changed the way people interact. In many ways, social media has led to

positive changes in the way people communicate and share information;

however, it has a dark side, as well. Social networking can sometimes

result in negative outcomes, some with long-term consequences.”

Social media is a rising trend in the world today. Communication skills are

exemplified by the use of social media networking. Social media

networking allows for a communication outlet. Social media is being

utilized by students, parents, businesses, and religious organizations. It is

being used in many forms by many different platforms for many reasons.

21
 According to the Merriam-Webster, social media are forms of

electronic communications through which users create online

communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other

content such as videos. Over the course of several years, social media has

changed dramatically. Because of social media, people today can exchange

ideas, feelings, personal information, pictures and videos at a truly

astonishing level. Social networking is one of the most active web-based

activities in the Philippines, with Filipinos being declared as the most

active users on a number of web-based social networks such as Facebook,

Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter. The use of social media has become so

extensive in the Philippines that the country has been tagged as “The social

networking capital of the world,” and has also become part of Filipino

cyberculture. The effects of these social media can be considered positive

but also has some negative consequences. It increases student

collaboration, improves participation, content rich resources and they are

useful for team projects. These sites have also caused some potential harm

to society. The students become victims of social networks more often than

anyone else. This is because when they are studying or searching their

course material online, they get attracted to these sites to kill the boredom

n their study time, diverting their attention from their work and they are

more likely to drink and use drug. At present, whether social media is

favourable or unfavourable, many students utilize these sites on a daily

basis. As social media sites continue to grow in popularity it is our belief

22
that technology is a vital part of today’s students’ success equation (Wang,

Chen & Liang, 2011). Many researchers have been looking into a

considerable amount of research on how social media influences student

academic performances at colleges. Many parents are worried that their

children are spending too much time on Facebook and other social media

sites and not enough time studying.

23
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology

of the study, the subjects, sampling technique, research instruments,

procedures of data gathering, and statistical treatment that will be used

for accurate data analysis and interpretation.

Research Design

This shows the research design that is going to be used by the

researchers, which is the descriptive research design. This research design

is used to create a clear description or information by giving a complete

picture about the study. This research design is suitable with the aims of

the researcher which is to determine the effects of social media to Grade

12 students especially to their academic performances. In this design, it

allows the researchers to develop questions for further study regarding the

topic.

Sampling Technique

In this research work, non random sampling technique will be used,

each member of the population has an equal and known chance of being

selected as a member of the sample, which is the Quota Sampling to obtain

24
the maximum number given of respondents is fifty (50). The researchers

will continuously do this process until the sample reaches the desired size.

Locale of the Study

The subjects that the researchers chose are the Senior High School

Students of Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM) strand of University of Pangasinan ranging from STEM 1A to STEM

5A.

The Respondents of this study are fifty (50) Senior High School

Students of University of Pangasinan who are in the strand of Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).

Data Gathering

Seeking permission to conduct the study. The researcher's first job was

to ask permission to the grade 12 STEM AM students to allow the

researchers to administer the distribution and retrieval of the

questionnaire from the respondents.

Preparation of the Questionnaires. After the formulation of the

questionnaire, check list, it was checked and validated.

Data Processing Method. The researchers conducted the survey to the

sample. The questionnaire, check list were recovered and collected. Then,

the answers were tallied according to each item and the date were prepared

for data analysis.

25
Instrumentation

The main tool will use in the proposed study a survey questionnaire made

by the researchers. Several questionnaires were constructed for the

respondents.

The survey questionnaire consists of the conclusion whether

majority decision among the respondents state whether social media has

positive or negative effects to their academic performance. Directions

throughout the survey is clearly stated and the format wherein 10

questions will be presented. The questionnaire is answered by YES or NO.

The questionnaire will present to the adviser for comments, suggestions,

and any corrections on the content of it. It will make sure that the survey

that was made public had no errors,

Statistical Tool

To interpret the gathered data, the researchers will use the following:

Arithmetic Mean, which is the result of the majority decision of

answers based from the survey or questionnaire. Simply, this describes

the profile of the respondents.

Sample Size, which is the total number of respondents of the study.

This part of the formula to be used will always stay constant as 100, as

26
this is the chosen respondent population which cannot be altered in order

to prevent falsifying data.

The following formula in order to achieve the percentage or statistical

presentation of the results:

%= X/N ×100

Wherein “x” is the arithmetic mean or summed up total of answers

from a certain question, “n” is the fixed number of chosen respondents or

sample size in the study and 100 is the constant used to attain the

percentage or generalized statistical presentation of results.

27
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA, AND INTERPRETATION

OF FINDINGS

This chapter contains the presentation and analysis of data

gathered regarding the translation and interpretation of findings of The

Effects of Social Media to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students

of University of Pangasinan.

The data presented in this chapter are from the answers of Grade

12 AM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand

of PHINMA- Universiry of Pangasinan from the questionnaire given by the

researchers under non-random sampling.

This study will focus to these following questions:

1. What are the positive and negative effects of social media to the

academic performance of grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan?

2. What are the social factors that causes the students academic

performance result to poor class performance?

3. How can social media help the grade 12 students of University of

Pangasinan to improve their class performance?

28
FIGURE 1: WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO

YOUR ACADEMIC/CLASS PERFORMANCE?

FIGURE 1
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
50%
20% 36%
10%
14%
0% 0%
A B C D

LEGEND:

A. It helps me with my assignments

B. It is a source of communication which is a tool for information

dissimination.

C. It helps me to be updated from the latest school events.

D. Others;Specify

Figure 1 shows that fifty percent (50%) of the respondents answered that social

media helps them with their assignments, thirty six percent (36%) answered that

it is source of communication which is a tool for information dissemination,

fourteen percent (14%) answered that it helps them to be updated from the latest

school events and zero percent (0%) answered others.

Therefore, the positive effect of social media to their academic performance is that

it helps them with their assignments.

29
FIGURE 2: WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

TO YOUR ACADEMIC/CLASS PERFORMACE?

FIGURE 2
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
50%
20%
30%
10% 20%
0% 0%
A B C D

LEGEND:

A. It distracts me from studying

B. It lowers my grades in my subjects.

C. It entertains me a lot, therefore I do not have time to study.

D. Others; Specify

Figure 2 shows that fifty percent (50%) of the respondents answered that

social media distracts them from studying, thirty percent (30%) answered

that it lowers their grades in their subjects, twenty percent (20%) answered

that it entertains them a lot, therefore they do not have time to study, and

zero percent (0%) answered others.

Therefore, the negative effect of social media to their academic

performance is that it distracts them from studying.

30
FIGURE 3: WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL FACTORS THAT CAUSES YOUR

ACADEMIC/CLASS PERFORMANCE RESULT TO POOR

PERFORMANCE?

FIGURE 3
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 40% 42%
10% 18%
0% 0%
A B C D

LEGEND:

A. Addiction to social media sites such as Facebook

B. Lack of sleep and concentration due to spending too much time on

social media sites.

C. Laziness because of social media sites.

D. Other; Specify

Figure 3 shows that forty percent (40%) of the respondents answered

addiction to social media sites such as Facebook, forty two percent

(42%) answered lack of sleep and concentration due to spending too

much time on social media sites, eighteen percent (18%) answered

laziness because of social media sites, and zero percent (0%) answered

others.

31
Therefore, lack of sleep and concentration due to spending too much

time on social media sites is the social factor that causes their class

performance result to poor performance.

32
FIGURE 4: HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU SPEND USING SOCIAL MEDIA

SITES?

FIGURE 4
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
46%
20%
30%
10% 24%

0% 0%
A B C D

LEGEND:
A. 1-2 hours

B. 2-3 hours

C. 4 hours

D. Other; Specify

Figure 4 shows that forty six percent (46%) of the respondents

answered that they spend 1-2 hours using social media sites, thirty

percent (30%) answered 2-3 hours, twenty four percent (24%) answered

4 hours above, and zero percent (0%) answered others.

Therefore, respondents answered that they only spend 1-2 hours using

social media.

33
FIGURE 5: HOW CAN SOCIAL MEDIA HELP YOU TO IMPROVE YOUR
ACADEMIC/CLASS PERFORMANCE?

FIGURE 5
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 46%
30% 24%
10%
0% 0%
A B C D

LEGEND:

A. It can help me by using Facebook group chats making it easier for

me to communicate with my classmates when there are group

projects.

B. It can help me by getting information from my School related

activities.

C. It can help me by getting answers from my assignments and

activities when I can’t find answers on books, dictionaries, etc.

D. Others; Specify

Figure 5 shows that forty six percent (46%) of the respondents

answered that social media can improve their academic performance

by using facebook group chats, thirty percent (30%) answered that it

helps them by getting information from school related activities, twenty

34
four (24%) answered that it helps them by getting answers from their

assignments and activities, and zero percent (0%) answered others.

Therefore, using facebook group chats helps them to improve their

academic performance.

35
 TABLE

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF
PANGASINAN

NO. OF RESULTS/
RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
QUESTIONS
A B C D A B C D

1. What are the

positive effects of
social media to
your 25 18 7 0 50% 36% 14% 0%
academic/class
performance?

2. What are the

negative effects
of social media to
your 25 15 10 0 50% 30% 20% 0%
academic/class
performance?

3. What are the

social factors
that causes your
academic/class 20 21 18 0 40% 42% 18% 0%
performance
result to poor
performance?
4. How much time
do you spend
using social 23% 15 24 0 46% 30% 24% 0%
media sites?

5. How can social

media help you
to impove your 23 15 12 0 46% 30% 24% 0%
academic/class
performance?

36
The Table shows the full result of the respondents’ assessment from the

questions/ questionnaire given by the researchers in the study entitled

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN. The

result/percentage included in the figure shows the number of responds in

each question from the survey test.

37
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the findings of the study based from the

gathered data and results. Through the use of these findings, the

conclusions and recommendations are made which hold a sufficient

amount of proof to be considered effective.

Summary

This study has the goal to clarify the effects of Social media to the

Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students of PHINMA – University of

Pangasinan, S.Y 2018-2019.

This goal has been attained by making use of a questionnaire which

illustrated the perceptions of grade 12 students regarding their personal

beliefs on the effects of social media towards their academic performance.

The questionnaire was made in the form of a checklist by which students

had options to choose the answer they personally prefer. Different

questions given in the survey were made simple in order to have an easy

transaction or communication process with its respondents. Directions

were stated clearly and surveys were successfully submitted. After

conducting a survey which has been carefully examined by the expert

teacher, the gathered data was tallied and results were made clear or

categorized.

38
 In treatment of the data, the study used the methods of Frequency

Count and Percentage Open Coding. These methods illustrated the

majority answers made by the respondents which clarified the current

effects of social media onto the specified student group.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following statements have been

concluded to answer the following questions:

1. What are the positive and negative effects of social media to the

academic performance of grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan?

2. What are the social factors that causes the students academic

performance result to poor class performance?

3. How can social media help the grade 12 students of University of

Pangasinan to improve their class performance?

The following are the conclusions made in the study which have

sufficient amount of data to be proven true:

 Social media has both positive and negative effects to students

academic performance. It only shows that there is a balance between

social media and students academic performance.

39
 Social media helps students to improve their academic performance

but spending too much time on it will cause lack of concentration

in studying.

 The use of facebook group chats helps the students in improving

their academic performance making is easier for them to reach their

group mates when they have group projects.

 The research concluded that social media helps students with their

assignments and activities when they cannot find information on

book, dictionaries, thesaurus, etc.

Recommendation

 Since social media sites are now the most influential on

students in terms of different aspects, the researchers

recommend that the students should have the proper time

management to maintain the proper balance on school and

social life in social media sites.

 Since the academic performance of the students is one of the

affected aspects of spending a lot of time on social networking

sites, students should use it in a useful way such as reading

informative blogs and posts which is credited or validated

40
 with professionals, and also reading a useful information

posted by known group or an organization.

 The researchers recommend that students should only use

social media sites when they have free time due to the fact

that spending too much time on these sites such as facebook

may cause lack of concentration when studying.

 Teachers should at least be aware in noticing whether under

what situations are their students possibly affected by social

media addiction. This will help teachers understand why some

students claim to be poor in class at times due to addiction to

social media sites. We recommend teachers to consider

reading this study in order to hopefully provide additional

information about the effects of social media to their students

academic performance and make the teaching of their own

students about these, better.

41
 Bibliography

Internet references

• https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4687&context=libphilprac

• http://www.ijbmi.org/papers/Vol(5)4/version-2/D050402022029.pdf

• http://baguioheraldexpressonline.com/impact-of-social-media-to-students-lives-

academic-performance/

• https://www.scribd.com/doc/128848382/Research-Paper-on-the-Study-of-the-Effects-

of-Facebook-on-Students

• https://turbofuture.com/internet/The-Positive-and-Negative-Effects-of-Facebook

• http://informationparlour.com/article-education-effects-social-media-education

• http://ezinearticles.com/?Facebook-Has-a-Negative-Impact-on-the-Concentration-of-

Students&id=5692798

• http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article6078321.ece

•https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288516435_IMPACT_OF_SOCIAL_MEDIA

_ON_STUDENT'S_ACADEMIC_PERFORMANCE

42
Appendices

Appendix A

University Of Pangasinan

Arellano Street, Dagupan City

Senior High School Department

Anna Kristina E. Saldaña

Principal, Senior High School Department

PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

Maam:

Good Day!

We have the honor to request permission from your good office to

allow us to administer questionnaires to the section 12 STEM 01A to 5A

as the respondents. The data to be gathered will be used in our research

paper entitled “The Effects of Social Media to the academic performance of

Grade 12 students of University of Pangasinan” in partial fulfillment of the

course requirements for the subject Practical Research (APP 006).

Your kind approval and favorable response to the above request will

truly help us in the completion of our research work.

Thank you and God Bless!

43
Very truly yours,

Baltazar, Diana Rose Z. De Guzman, Mark Joseph F.

Cadag, Jewel Rose C. Estrada, Duyne Zildjan

Caoile, Jaylaiza Jane C. Mendoza, Askee Khylee S.

Cariño, Katherine S. Rosal, Lee Robin

Casiquin, Shalana Kristi C. Sanchez, Wedns Bever

De Guzman, Jhayrick L.

Noted :

Ms. Syvie Maramba

Subject teacher

Approved:

Anna Kristina Saldaña

SHS Principal

44
 Appendix B
University Of Pangasinan
Arellano Street, Dagupan City
Senior High School Department

Dear Respondents,

We, the students from Grade 12-STEM 02A, are currently

conducting a study entitled “The Effects of Social Media to the Academic
Performance of Grade12 Students of University of Pangasinan” as our
requirement in our subject APP 006 (Practical Research 2).

In line with this, we would like to request your participation to be

one of our respondents in our study. We hope you can help us by
answering our questionnaire sincerely and truthfully.

Sincerely,
The Researcher
Very truly yours,

Baltazar, Diana Rose Z. De Guzman, Mark Joseph F.

Cadag, Jewel Rose C. Estrada, Duyne Zildjan

Caoile, Jaylaiza Jane C. Mendoza, Askee Khylee S.

Cariño, Katherine S. Rosal, Lee Robin

Casiquin, Shalana Kristi C. Sanchez, Wedns Bever

De Guzman, Jhayrick L.

Noted :

Ms. Syvie Maramba

Subject teacher

45
 Appendix C
University Of Pangasinan
Arellano Street, Dagupan City
Senior High School Department

The Effects of Social Media to the Academic Performance

of Grade12 Students of University of Pangasinan
Name (Optional): _____________________________ Age: ________________
Year and Section: __________________________ Gender: _____________
Direction: Read and understand each questions carefully. Put a check on
the box of your chosen answer.

1. What are the positive effects of social media to your

academic/class performance?

It helps me with my assignments.

It is a source of communication which is a tool for
information dissimination.
It helps me to be updated from the latest school events.
Others;Specify __________.

2. What are the negative effects of social media to your

academic/class performance?
It distracts me from studying.
It lowers my grades in my subjects.
It entertains me a lot, therefore I do not have time to study.

Others; Specify___________.

3. What are the social factors that causes your academic/class

performance result to poor performance?

Addiction to social media sites such as Facebook

Lack of sleep and concentration due to spending too much
time on social media sites.
Laziness because of social media sites

46
 Other; Specify___________.
4. How much time do you spend using social media sites?
1-2 hours
2-3 hours

4 hours

Other; Specify___________.

5. How can social media help you to impove your

academic/class performance?
It can help me by using Facebook group chats making it
easier for me to communicate with my classmates when there are
group projects.

It can help me by getting information from my School

related activities.

It can help me by getting answers from my assignments and

activities when I can’t find answers on books, dictionaries, etc.

Others; Specify ___________.

47
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Diana Rose Z. Baltazar

Age: 18 years old
Address: #326 Zamudio Street Cayanga San Fabian, Pangasinan
Contact number: 09398626038
Grade and Strand: 12-STEM
Signature:

Name: Jewel Rose C. Cadag

Age: 17 years old
Address: Bantayan, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Contact number: 099664013421
Grade and Strand: 12-STEM
Signature:

Name: Jaylaiza Jane C. Caoile

Age: 17 years old
Address: 370 Malabago Calasiao Pangasinan
Contact number: 09393731847
Grade and Strand: 12- STEM
Signature:

Katherine S. Cariño 17 y/o Bega, San Carlos City, Pangasinan 09091826657 STEM-ACADS

48
49