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New records and an updated list of lizards from Son La Province, Vietnam

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Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 209-216 (2018) (published online on 09 March 2018)

New records and an updated list of lizards from

Son La Province, Vietnam

Anh Van Pham1, Hoang Van Tu1, Tan Van Nguyen2, Thomas Ziegler3,4 and Truong Quang Nguyen2,5,*

Abstract. We report five new records of lizards from Son La Province, namely Pseudocalotes brevipes (Agamidae), Gekko
palmatus, Hemidactylus garnotii (Gekkonidae), Ateuchosaurus chinensis and Sphenomorphus cryptotis (Scincidae). In addition
we provide an updated list of 32 lizard species from Son La Province.

Key words: Lizards, new records, morphology, taxonomy, Son La Province

Introduction Material and Methods

Although Son La Province contains a large area of
440,000 hectares of natural forest (People’s Committee
of Son La Province, 2007), the lizard fauna of this
province is still poorly studied. Hikida and Darevsky
(1987) recorded only one species of Scincidae, namely
Eumeces tamdaoensis (Bourret, 1937). Further new
records of lizards from Son La Province were published
by Bobrov and Ho (1993), Nguyen et al. (2009), Ngo
and Grismer (2010), Nguyen et al. (2010), and Pham
et al. (2015). As a result of these studies a total of 27
species of lizards were recorded from this province.
Based on our recent field work in Copia, Muong La,
Sop Cop, and Xuan Nha nature reserves and Muong Do
District of Son La Province between 2013 and 2016 we
herein provide new records of lizards and an updated
checklist of lizard species from Son La.
Sampling. Field surveys were conducted in
northwestern Vietnam by Anh Van Pham, Tan Van
Nguyen, Kham Di Pheng Kia, Nenh Ba Song, and
Hoang Van Tu (hereafter AVP et al.) between April 2013
and June 2016 in the Copia, Muong La, Xuan Nha, and
Sop Cop nature reserves and Muong Do District, Son
La Province (Fig. 1). Specimens were collected by hand
between 8:00 and 22:00. Specimens were photographed
in life and euthanized in a closed vessel with a piece
of cotton wool containing ethyl acetate (Simmons,
2002), fixed in 85% ethanol and subsequently stored
in 70% ethanol. Voucher specimens were subsequently
deposited in the collections of the Tay Bac University

1
Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Tay Bac University, Quyet
Tam Ward, Son La City, Son La Province, Vietnam
2
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet
Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
3
AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D-50735
Cologne, Germany
4
Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse
47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
5
Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet
Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Figure 1. Map showing the survey sites (black square: Son La
* Corresponding author: E-mail: nqt2@yahoo.com Province) in northern Vietnam.
211 Anh Van Pham� et al.

Figure 2. a) Pseudocalotes brevipes (TBU PAT. 101, adult male), b) Gekko palmatus (IEBR A.2017.7, adult male), c) Hemidactylus
garnotii (TBU PAT.202 adult male), d) Ateuchosaurus chinensis (TBU MD.2015.111, adult female), and e) Sphenomorphus
cryptotis (TBU MD.2015.198, adult male) from Son La Province, Vietnam. Photos: A. V. Pham (a, b, c) and H. V. Tu (d, e).

(TBU), Son La Province and the Institute of Ecology
and Biological Resources (IEBR), Hanoi, Vietnam.
Morphological characters.—Measurements were
taken with a digital calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. The
following abbreviations were used: SVL: Snout-vent
length, TaL: Tail length. Terminology of morphological
characters followed Hallermann et al. (2010) for
Pseudocalotes, Nguyen et al. (2011a) for skinks,
Nguyen et al. (2013) for Gekko, and Zug et al. (2007)
for Hemidactylus. Bilateral scale counts are given as
left/right.
Results
Pseudocalotes brevipes (Werner, 1904)
Vietnam False Bloodsucker / Nhông việt nam (Fig. 2a)
Specimens examined (n = 6). One adult female (TBU
PAT.9) collected on 18 April 2013, near Hua Ty Village,
Chieng Bom Commune within Copia NR (21o22.952’N,
103o37.987’E, elevation 1380 m a.s.l.); one adult female
(TBU PAT.77) collected on 22 July 2013, near Pha
Khuong Village, Co Ma Commune within Copia NR
(21o19.301’N, 103o34.503’E, elevation 1590 m a.s.l.);
one adult male (TBU PAT.101) collected on 12 August
2013, near Huoi Pu Village, Chieng Bom Commune
within Copia NR (21o22.549’N, 103o39.219’E, elevation
950 m a.s.l.); two adult females (TBU PAT.198, 199)
collected on 1 May 2014, near Chu Vai Village, Nam
Man Commune within Sop Cop NR (21o04.986’N,
103o34.555’E, elevation 1030 m a.s.l.) and one adult
male (IEBR A.2017.6: Field No. TBU PAT.230)
collected on 17 June 2014, near Hua Ty Village, Chieng
Bom Commune within Copia NR (21o22.568’N,
103o37.126’E, elevation 1400 m a.s.l.). All collected by
AVP et al.
New records and an updated list of lizards from Son La Province, Vietnam
Description. Morphological characters of the
specimens from Son La Province agreed well with
the descriptions of Gawor et al. (2016), Hallermann
(2000), Hallermann and Böhme (2000), Hallermann et
al. (2010), Nguyen (2011), Nguyen et al. (2011b): SVL
61.0–65.4 mm in males (n = 2), 52.3–70.3 mm in females
(n = 4); TaL 142.0–142.2 mm in males (n = 2), 120.3–
144.7 mm in females (n = 4). Head large, longer than
wide; dorsal head scales heterogeneous in size; rostral
approximately three times wider than high; frontal area
with 5–8 enlarged distinctly keeled scales, forming an
inverse Y-shape; other scales on dorsal snout smaller,
keeled or pointed. Supralabials 8–10; infralabials 7–
10; tympanum exposed, horizontal diameter 1.8–2.6
mm, orbit 4.7–5.1 mm; mental triangular, wider than
long; gular scales keeled, small, pointing medially
and posteriorly. Nuchal crest spines 5–7, separated
from one another by a small scale; dorsal crest spines
absent; midbody scale rows 66–80; subdigital lamellae
of fourth finger 18–19; subdigital lamellae of fourth toe
22–24; fold in front of shoulder absent; middorsal scale
row pointed straight backwards, lateral scales keeled,
ventral scales strongly keeled.
Colouration in life. Dorsal surface of head, body, limbs
greyish brown; gular region darker with keeled scales;
venter white with light grey beige marbling; light spots
present on elbows and knees.
Natural history notes. Specimens were found in
the morning between 8:00 and 10:00 while moving
across a tarmac road, or between 20:00 and 22:00, on
tree branches. The surrounding habitat was secondary
forest.
Distribution. In Vietnam, this species has been
recorded from Cao Bang, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen,
Quang Ninh, Hai Duong, and Vinh Phuc provinces and
the cities of Hai Phong and Hanoi (Nguyen et al., 2009,
2011b; Nguyen 2011; Gawor et al., 2016). Elsewhere
the species is known only from China (Nguyen et al.,
2009).
Gekko palmatus Boulenger, 1907
Palm Gecko/ Tắc kè chân vịt (Fig. 2b)
Specimens examined (n = 2). One adult male (TBU
MD 2015.109) collected by Hoang Van Tu and Kham
Di Pheng Kia, 28 August 2015, near Kieng Village,
Muong Do Commune, Phu Yen District (21o11.690’N,
104o46.221’E, elevation 650 m a.s.l) and one adult male
(IEBR A.2017.7: Field No. SL 2016.460) collected
by Nenh Ba Song, 28 May 2016, near Kho Hong
Village, Chieng Xuan Commune winthin Xuan Nha NR
212
(20o43.282’N, 104o40.676’E, elevation 560 m a.s.l).
Description. Morphological characters of the
specimens from Son La Province agreed well with the
descriptions of Hecht et al. (2013) and Nguyen et al.
(2013): SVL 69.3–72.8 mm (n = 2); tail regenerated,
TaL 63.8–71.5 mm (n = 2).
Rostral rectangular, wider than high, without suture;
supralabials 11–14; nares in contact with rostral, first
supralabial, supranasal, and two nasals posteriorly;
internasal single; snout medially with flat, elongate
cavity; interorbitals 28–30; pupil vertical; upper ciliary
scales 2 times as large as medial snout scales, 25–29
in number, 4 spinous tubercles posteriorly; a skin fold
running from the last supralabial, backward about half
way to tympanum; ear opening oblique, oval, with a
skin fold above; nuchal scales granular; temporal region
with several tubercles above tympanum; mental slightly
pentagonal, as wide as long; infralabials 11 or 12; dorsal
tubercles 2 or 3 times as large as adjoining dorsal scales,
round to oval, convex, smooth, surrounded by 8–10
dorsal scales, in 8 or 9 longitudinal rows at midbody;
lateral fold present, without tubercles; ventrals between
lateral folds 37–46; scales around midbody in 145–
146 rows; ventral scales in a line between mental and
cloacal slit 184–192; tubercles absent on dorsal surface
of forelimbs; enlarged femoral scales absent; fingers
and toes webbed basally; subdigital lamellae under first
finger 11–12, under fourth finger 12–15, under first
toe 10–13, under fourth toe 11–13; precloacal pores
25–26, in a continuous row; enlarged scales posterior
to precloacal pores in 3 rows; postcloacal tubercle 1/1,
blunt; tail thickened at base, with some tubercles on
dorsal surface of tail base; subcaudals flat, enlarged.
Colouration in life. Dorsal surface of head and body
grey with a small light blotch on neck and five larger
blotches between shoulder and sacrum; flanks with
some small light spots between limb insertions; limbs
with light spots; dorsal tail with 7 light bands; throat,
venter, and precloacal region yellowish cream with dark
dots.
Natural history notes. The specimens were found at
night, between 20:00 and 21:00, on limestone karst
outcrops, 1–2 m above the ground. The surrounding
habitat was secondary forest.
Distribution. This species is currently known only from
northern Vietnam: Yen Bai, Bac Giang, Lang Son, Vinh
Phuc, Quang Ninh, and Quang Binh provinces (Hecht et
al., 2013; Nguyen et al., 2013; Uetz et al., 2017).
213
Hemidactylus garnotii Duméril & Bibron, 1936
Garnot’s House Gecko/ Thạch sùng đuôi dẹp (Fig. 2c)
Specimens examined (n = 3). One adult male (TBU
PAT.97) collected by AV Pham, 16 August 2013, near
Huoi Pu Village, Chieng Bom Commune (21o22.549’N,
103o39.219’E, elevation 950 m a.s.l); one adult male
(TBU PAT.202) collected by AVP et al., 19 June
2014 near Nam Nhu Village, Long He Commune
(21o25.108’N, 103o29.553’E, elevation 690 m a.s.l)
within Copia NR and one adult male (IEBR A.2017.8:
Field No. MS 2014.1) collected by AVP et al., 25 June
2014, near Ang Village, Chieng Mai Commune, Mai
Son District (21o13.092’N, 104o58.380’E, elevation 710
m a.s.l.).
Description. Morphological characters of the
specimens from Son La Province agreed well with
the descriptions of Smith (1935), Zug et al. (2007),
McMahan and Zug (2007) and Nguyen et al. (2011b):
SVL 52.1–56.6 mm (n = 3); TaL 68.8 mm (n = 1).
Head moderately large and broad, distinct from neck.
Rostral large, as high as broad, rectangular with middorsal
cleft; nares bordered by rostral, a large supranasal, two
postnasals and first supralabial; supranasals separated
from each other by a small scale; supralabials 9 or
10, infralabials 8–10; mental triangular, two pairs of
chinshields, the anterior pair in contact with each other
and larger than the posterior, posterior pair separated
from infralabials by small scales; back without enlarged
tubercles; ventrolateral skin fold absent; ventral scales
slightly enlarged, from base of neck to pelvic area;
subdigital lamellae on pad extending to base of digit and
slightly on to palm/sole: 9 on fourth finger, distalmost
lamella undivided, subsequent 6–8 divided; 11 or 12
on fourth toe, distalmost lamella undivided, subsequent
6–8 divided; femoral and precloacal- pores absent; tail
midventrally with rectangular, slightly overlapping,
smooth-surfaced plates from vent to at least mid-length,
reducing in size to small elongate conical scales on
ventrolateral edges; tail depressed, segmented, each
segment 8–10 scales long; ventrolaterally sawblade
like with four conical spine scales in each segment,
posteriormost one at edge of each segment double the
size of preceding three.
Natural history notes. Specimens were found at night,
between 20:00 and 22:00, on limestone karst outcrops,
2–3 m above the ground. The surrounding habitat was
secondary forest.
Colouration in life. Dorsal surface of head, body,
limbs and tail greyish with small white spots; venter
immaculate cream to light yellow.
Anh Van Pham� et al.
Distribution. In Vietnam, this species has been recorded
from Bac Kan and Hai Phong southwards to Kien Giang
and Ca Mau provinces (Nguyen et al., 2009, 2011b).
Elsewhere, the species is known from India, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, China,
Taiwan, Philippine, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea,
New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Polynesia, Fiji,
Western Samoa, Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Tonga (Nguyen
et al., 2009; Neang et al., 2011).
Ateuchosaurus chinensis Gray, 1845
Chinese Short-limbed Skink/Thằn lằn chân ngắn trung
quốc (Fig. 2d)
Specimens examined (n = 2). Two adult females
(TBU MD.2015.111, 112) collected by Hoang Van
Tu and Kham Di Pheng Kia, 28 August 2015, near
Kieng Village, Muong Do Commune, Phu Yen District
(21o11.609’N, 104o45.728’E, elevation 650 m a.s.l).
Description. Morphological characters of the
specimens from Son La Province agreed well with the
descriptions of Nguyen et al. (2008), Hecht et al. (2013),
and Gawor et al. (2016): SVL 82.6–83.8 mm (n = 2); tail
regenerated, TaL 74–83.4 mm (n = 2).
Rostral wider than high, visible from above;
supranasals absent; frontonasal wider than long, in
contact with nasal, rostral, anterior loreal, prefrontal and
frontal; prefrontals small, separated by frontal, touching
both loreals laterally; frontal larger, frontal anteriorly
truncated, constricted in the middle, approximately three
times longer than wide, twice longer than frontoparietal
and interparietal together, twice longer than its distance
to tip of snout; frontoparietals separated from each other,
as long as interparietal; a small transparent spot present
on interparietal; parietals small, in contact posteriorly;
nuchals absent; nostril in a single nasal, with rostral,
first supralabial, anterior loreal, and frontonasal; loreals
2; preocular 1; supraoculars 4, following by a small
postsupraocular; supraciliaries 8; lower eyelid scaly;
supralabials 6, fourth longest and right below the eye;
ear opening small, oval, tympanum deeply sunk; mental
wider than long, rounded anteriorly, in contact with first
infralabial and postmental; infralabials 7; postmental
undivided; chin shields in 2 pairs; ventral scales in
30 rows at midbody, slightly smaller than ventrals;
paravertebral scales 50–52; ventrals in 52–58 transverse
rows, smooth; precloacals six or seven, not enlarged;
subdigital lamellae smooth, nine on fourth finger and
15–18 on fourth toe; tail thick at base, tapering to a fine
point; subcaudals not enlarged, smooth.
Colouration in life. Dorsal head, body and base of tail
New records and an updated list of lizards from Son La Province, Vietnam
brownish, each scale with a darker spot in the centre;
neck blackish with white spots laterally; flanks mottled
with some black and white spots; ventral surface
cream.
Natural history notes. Two adult females were collected
between 8:00 and 9:00 in a cave near Kieng Village.
Distribution. In Vietnam, this species has been
recorded from Ha Giang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Bac
Giang, and Nghe An provinces (Nguyen et al., 2009;
Hoang et al., 2012; Gawor et al., 2016). Elsewhere, the
species is known from China (Nguyen et al., 2009).
Sphenomorphus cryptotis Darevsky, Orlov & Ho,
2004
Depressed-eared Forest Skink/ Thằn lằn phê nô tai ẩn
(Fig. 2e)
Specimens examined (n = 2). One adult male (TBU
MD.2015.88) collected on 26 August 2015 and one
adult male (TBU MD.2015.198) collected on 31 August
2015 by Hoang Van Tu and Kham Di Pheng Kia, near
Kieng Village, Muong Do Commune, Phu Yen District
(21o11.609’N, 104o45.728’E, elevation 650 m a.s.l).
Description. Morphological characters of the
specimens from Son La Province agreed well with the
descriptions of Darevsky et al. (2004) and Pham et al.
(2015): SVL 57.8–68.6 mm (n = 2); tail complete, TaL
108.0 mm (n = 1).
Rostral wider than high; supranasals absent; frontonasal
wider than long, in contact with nasal, rostral, anterior
loreal and prefrontal; prefrontals in contact with each
other; parietals in contact posteriorly; loreals two;
supraoculars four, followed by four very small ones;
supraciliaries nine; primary temporal single; secondary
temporals two, upper very large and overlapped by lower
one; lower eyelid scaly; supralabials seven, separated
from the eye by a row of small scales; external ear
openings superficial, without lobules; mental wider than
long; infralabials six or seven; postmental undivided;
midbody scales in 32 rows; dorsal scales between lateral
stripes in ½ + 6 + ½ rows, smooth; paravertebral scales
71–72; ventrals in 78–81 transverse rows, smooth;
precloacals two, enlarged; medial subcaudals widened;
limbs short, pentadactyl; fingers and toes meeting when
adpressed; subdigital lamellae smooth, numbering 13
under fourth finger and 18–19 under fourth toe.
Colouration in life. Dorsum yellowish brown with a
vertebral row of large black spots; numerous indistinct
white spots on the labials; lateral zone with a distinct
dark stripe from behind the eye to tail base, with white
spots; neck and throat white, with some black dots;
214
venter and underside of anterior part of tail white,
posterior part of tail yellowish brown.
Natural history notes. Two specimens were collected
between 18:00 and 21:00 on tree branches, ca. 1.2–2.0
m above the water surface of a rocky stream. The
surrounding habitat was evergreen secondary forest.
Distribution. This species is currently known only
from northern Vietnam: Lao Cai, Dien Bien, Bac Giang,
Quang Ninh, and Nghe An provinces (Nguyen et al.,
2009, Pham et al., 2015).
Discussion
At present, a total of 32 species of lizards are known
from Son La Province. The most diverse family is
Scincidae with 16 recorded species, followed by
Gekkonidae (six species), Agamidae (six species),
Lacertidae (two species), Anguidae and Varanidae
(one species each). It is noted that Son La Province
also harbours two nationally threatened species that are
listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (Physignathus
cocincinus and Varanus salvator) (see Appendix 1).
Among the five newly recorded species from Son La
Province, two species (Ateuchosaurus chinensis and
Sphenomorphus cryptotis) are poorly known in Vietnam
due to their rarity or hidden life mode (Darevky et al.,
2004; Nguyen et al., 2008; Pham et al., 2015).
Acknowledgements. We are grateful to the directorates of Copia,
Muong La, Sop Cop and Xuan Nha nature reserves for support
of our field work. We thank C. K. P. D. Kham and N. B. Song
(Tay Bac University) for their assistance in the field. Field work
in Son La Province was funded by the Ministry of Education
and Training (Grant No. B2016-TTB-01) to A.V. Pham. Field
equipment was donated to A. V. Pham by Idea Wild.
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Of Sciences 58: 387-405.
New records and an updated list of lizards from Son La Province, Vietnam 216
Appendix 1. List of lizard species recorded from Son La Province, Vietnam (* = new record for Son La Province; 1= Hikida and
Darevsky (1987), 2 = Bobrov and Ho (1993), 3 = Nguyen et al. (2009), 4 = Nguyen et al. (2010), 5 = Ngo and Grismer (2010), 6
= Pham et al. (2015), 7 = This study; RBVN (2007) = Vietnam Red Data Book: EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable)

Name Previous record RBVN 2007

Agamidae
Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Cuvier, 1829) 3,4,7
Calotes mystaceus Dumeril & Bibron, 1837 2,3,4
Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) 3,7
Draco maculatus (Gray, 1845) 3,4,7
Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829 3,4,7 VU
Pseudocalotes brevipes (Werner, 1904)* 7
Gekkonidae
Cyrtodactylus bichnganae Ngo & Grismer, 2010 5,7
Gekko palmatus Boulenger, 1907* 7
Gekko reevesii (Gray, 1831) 3,4,7
Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel, 1836 2,3,4,7
Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril & Bibron, 1836* 7
Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis (Boulenger, 1903) 3
Lacertidae
Takydromus kuehnei Van Denburgh, 1909 3,7
Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802 3
Scincidae
Ateuchosaurus chinensis Gray, 1845* 7
Eutropis chapaensis (Bourret, 1937) 3,4
Eutropis darevskii Bobrov, 1992 1
Eutropis longicaudatus (Hallowell, 1856) 3,4,7
Eutropis macularius (Blyth, 1853) 6,7
Eutropis multifasciatus (Kuhl, 1820) 3,4,7
Plestiodon quadrilinneatus Blyth, 1853 2,3
Plestiodon tamdaoensis (Bourret, 1937) 1,7
Scincella devorator (Darevsky, Orlov & Ho, 2004) 6
Scincella reevesii (Gray, 1838) 2
Scincella ochracea (Bourret, 1937) 6,7
Sphenomorphus cryptotis Darevsky, Orlov & Ho, 2004* 7
Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray, 1853) 2,3,7
Tropidophorus baviensis Bourret, 1939 4,7
Tropidophorus berdmorei (Blyth,1853) 3
Tropidophorus microlepis Günther, 1861 3
Anguidae
Dopasia harti (Boulenger,1899) 2,3,7
Varanidae
Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1786) 3,7 EN

Accepted by Philipp Wagner

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