Chapter 5.

2, Problem 8P Bookmark Show all steps:

Problem

Apply the eigenvalue method of this section to find a general solution of the given system. If initial
values are given, find also the corresponding particular solution. For each problem, use a
computer system or graphing calculator to construct a direction field and typical solution curves
for the given system.

Step-by-step solution

Step 1 of 9

Consider the system,

The objective is to find the solution of the system and sketch the direction field along with solution
curves.

Comment

Step 2 of 9

Write the system of differential equations in matrix notation as,

Let the coefficient matrix be

Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix .

The characteristic equation of is,

Thus, the eigenvalues of are .

Comment

Step 3 of 9
Chapter 5.2, Problem 8P Bookmark Show all steps:

That is …… (1)

For , the system in (1) becomes,

…… (2)

The corresponding augmented matrix of the system (2) is,

Comment

Step 4 of 9

Reduce the augmented matrix to row echelon form as follows:

From the first row, the obtained equation is

Here, is a free variable.

So choose , where is any parameter

Then

Therefore, the vector can be written as,

Hence, the basis for the eigen-space corresponding to the eigenvalue is

Comment

Step 5 of 9

The eigenvalue is the conjugate of the eigenvalue .

Therefore, the basis of the eigen-space for is the conjugate of the basis, of

the eigen-space

Hence, the basis of the eigen-space corresponding to the eigenvalue is

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Step 6 of 9
Chapter 5.2, Problem 8P Bookmark Show all steps:

Comment

Step 7 of 9

Then the solutions to the system are,

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Step 8 of 9

Then, the general solution of the system is

Hence, the general solution to the system is,

Comment

Step 9 of 9

Use Pplane to sketch the direction field of the given system along with solution curves.

Direction filed along with solution curves of the given system shown below.
Chapter 5.2, Problem 8P

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Chapter 5.2, Problem 8P Bookmark Show all steps:
Chapter 5.2, Problem 8P Bookmark Show all steps: