Specific Conditioning For Basketball

Specific Conditioning for Basketball
Adriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning Coach
2019
São Paulo – BRAZIL
avretaros@gmail.com
Characteristics - I
● Team Sport
● Acyclic
● Contact Sport
● Intermittent Nature
● Open Motor Activity
Characteristics - II
● Game - FIBA:
● 4 periods of 10 minutes each
● Game – NBA:
● 4 periods of 12 minutes each
● TOTAL Real Time:
● ~ 68-70 minutes (McInnes et al, 1995)
● ~ 63 minutes (Cometti, 2006)
Characteristics - III
● MATCH:
● 5 players vs. 5 players
● Positions:
1)- Point Guard
2)- Shooting Guard 01
02
3)- Small Forward
4)- Power Forward 05
04
5)- Center 03
Characteristics - IV
Body General Position Specific Main
Size Positions Number ●
MPositions Responsibility
Smalls Guards 01 Point Guard Ball control,

Coordinating the
offence
Smalls 02 Off Guard \ Distance shooting
Shooting Guard
Smalls Forwards 03 Small Forward Mixture of distance and

close-range shooting,
Bigs 04 Power Forward Aggressive play close

in to the basket
Close-range shooting
Bigs Center 05 Center on offence;
coordinating the
team’s defence
(Adapted from Drinkwater et al, 2008)

Characteristics - V
● MOVEMENTS:
1) Running;
2) Jogging;
3) Walking;
4) Standing;
5) Lateral Displacements;
6) Turning;
7) Sprinting;
8) Jumping;
9) Landing
Characteristics - VI
● SPECIFIC SKILLS:
1) Passing;
2) Dribling;
3) Shooting;
4) Rebouding;
5) Assistance;
6) Blocking;
7) Marking;
8) Cutting;
9) Pivoting
Characteristics - VII
●
DISPLACEMENTS:
1)- Cyclic
2)- Acyclic (Changes of direction)
3)- With Ball
4)- Without Ball
Playing Field - I
Playing Field - II
● DIMENSIONS:
1)- NBA: 28,7 x 15,2 m
2)- FIBA: 28,0 x 15,0 m
● Court AREA – NBA= 436,24m²

● Court AREA – FIBA= 420m²
Bioenergetic Systems
ATP-PC: 20%
Anaerobic Lactic: 20%
Aerobic: 60%
Kraemer et al, 2015
ATP-PC: 80%
Aerobic: 10%
Bompa & Haff, 2012
ATP-PC: 85%
Aerobic: 00%
Mathews & Fox, 1986
Physiological Demand - I
Effort-pause:
1:3,6
(Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

Physiological Demand - II
Effort-pause: High Intensity

1:3,6 11,5%
Low
Intensity
14,1%
Recovery Moderate
63,3% Intensity
11,0%
(Adapted from Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

Travelled Distance - I
Adult
● S Males
~ 6,0 - 6,3 Km
Junior Males
~ 7,5 Km
Elite Females
~ 5,5 – 7,0 Km
Junior Females
~ 5,5 Km
(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

Travelled Distance - II
● S Sprints per Match:

18 - 105
SPRINTING:
- Elite Males: 70 – 94 m
- Sub-Elite Males: 952–1329 m
- Junior Males: 763 m
- Elite Females: 925 m

Travelled Distance - III
● S SPRINTING:
Total Game Time: 2 – 6%
Totaling: 0 – 136 s
Duration: 0,5 – 2,4 s
3,9 – 9,5 m

Anthropometric Profile - I
● IMPORTANCE:
1)- Tactical Position

2)- Individual Players
3)- Competition Level
4)- Sex
5)- Game Style
6)- Skills Performance
7)- And other
Anthropometric Profile - II
● FEMALE Basketball Players
Point Guard Height: Body Mass:
~166,0 – 178,0 cm ~65,0 – 73,0 Kg
Shooting Height: Body Mass:

Guard ~166,0 – 178,0 cm ~65,0 – 77,0 Kg
Small Height: Body Mass:

Forward ~174,0 – 182,0 cm ~70,0 – 79,0 Kg
Power Height: Body Mass:

Forward ~177,0 – 181,0 cm ~72,0 – 81,0 Kg
Center Height: Body Mass:

~180,0 – 190,0cm ~75,0 – 84,0 Kg
Anthropometric Profile - III
● MALE Basketball Players
Point Height: Body Mass:
Guard ~180,0 – 188,0 cm ~70,0 – 86,0 Kg
Shooting Guard Height: Body Mass:

~185,0 – 192,0 cm ~80,0 – 91,0 Kg
Small Height: Body Mass:

Forward ~194,0 – 200,0 cm ~84,0 – 105,0 Kg
Power Height: Body Mass:

Forward ~188,0 – 198,0 cm ~82,0 – 100,0 kg
Center Height: Body Mass:

~200,0 – 210,0 cm ~97,0 – 110,0 Kg
Anthropometric Profile - IV
● U-15 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE
Component GUARD FORWARD CENTER
Endomorph 4.4 ± 1.4 4.8 ± 1.8 4.3 ± 1.1
Mesomorph 5.3 ± 1.1 4.7 ± 1.5 3.7 ± 1.7
Ectomorph 2.4 ± 1.0 2.5 ± 1.5 3.4 ± 0.9
(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

Anthropometric Profile – V
● U-18 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE
Endomorph 3.8 ± 1.4 3.1 ± 1.4 4.2 ± 1.7
Mesomorph 4.1 ± 0.9 3.9 ± 1.5 4.4 ± 1.6
Ectomorph 3.3 ± 1.1 3.6 ± 1.6 2.8 ± 1.6

Anthropometric Profile - VI
● ELITE MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE
Endomorph 4.4 ± 1.6 3.1 ± 0.8 3.8 ± 0.8
Mesomorph 4.5 ± 1.4 4.0 ± 0.9 3.3 ± 1.2
Ectomorph 2.4 ± 1.1 3.0 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 1.2

Movement Frequency - I
Guards 1103+\-32
Centers 1026+\-27
Forwards 1022+\-45
(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

Movement Frequency - II
Number of JUMPS
Guards 41,0+\-7,0
Centers 49,0+\-3,0
Forwards 41,0+\-6,0
(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

Fitness Assessment - I
● Anthropometry: Weight, Height, Wingspan, Body Fat,
etc
● Metabolic Variables: VO2max, RAST, etc
● Neuromuscular Variables: 1RM SQ, 1RM BP, SJ, CMJ,
DJ, UTJ, SLJ, MBT, Isokinetic Testing, etc
● Speed: 5, 10, 15 and 20m,
● Agility: Pro-agility, T-test,
● Flexibility: Goniometric Assessment, etc
● Movement: FMS, SEBT, YBT, Postural Evaluation, etc
(Oliveira, 2014 ; Read et al, 2014 ; Liebenson, 2017)

Fitness Assessment - II
●
Biochemical Tests
●
Dental Evaluation
● Medical Injury Evaluation
●
Nutrition Evaluation
● Medical Cardiac Evaluation
●
And Other
Fitness Assessment - III
●
Validity
● Objectivity
● Reproductibility
A)- Periodicity
B)- Structural Resources
C)- Forms of Analysis
D)- Staff Resources
Physical Conditioning
GENERAL
Physical
Preparation
SPECIFIC
Physical
Preparation
Individualized by Team
Tactical Function Style of Play
Athletic Condition
Technical Physical
Domain Domain
Athletic Condition
Collective in Basketball Individual
Tactical Psychological
Domain Domain
Types of Training
Technical
Tactical
Physical
Technical-tactical
Technical-physical
Technical-tactical-physical
Biomotor Capabilities
CONDITIONING COORDINATIVE
COORDINATION
ENDURANCE
- Eye-hand
- ATP-PC - Eye-foot
- Anaerobic Lactic - Laterality
- Aerobic TRANSFER TO: - Anticipatory Timing
- Precision
STRENGTH
- Anatomical Adaptation
- Hypertrophy
FLEXIBILITY
- Maximal Strength
- Power Endurance - Mobility SPECIFIC SKILLS
- Maximal Power - Elasticity - Ball Control
- Passing
SPEED AGILITY - Dribbling
- Reaction - Simple - Shooting
- Movement - Spatial - Rebouding
- Displacement - Temporal - Jumping
- Universal - and Others
Endurance - I
ATP-PC
ANAEROBIC (short sprints, jumps,
System shooting, etc)
LACTIC
(long sprints, average
displacements, etc)
AEROBIC
System Recovery
(walking, standing,
etc)
Endurance - II
Metabolic Via A Time

Stimulation
●
Effort-pause
ATP-PC ~3-25 seconds ~1:3 – 1:2
Glycolytic ~30 seconds – ~1:2 – 1:1

3 minutes
Aerobic > 3 minutes ~1:1\2 – 1:1
(Adapted from Forteza, 2006)

Endurance - III
● Target Zone for Endurance Training
HR Training Zones Systems
90 – 100% Max HR Anaerobic Power
80 – 90% Max HR Anaerobic Endurance
60 – 80% Max HR Aerobic Endurance
50 – 60% Max HR Aerobic Base
(Adapted from FIBA, 2015)

Endurance - IV
Reduced Games HR Máx Lactate

● S
(%) (mmol.l-1)
2x2 92+\-5,6 7,8+\-1,2
3x3 88+\-8,4 6,2+\-2,3
5x5 84+\-9,2 4,2+\-1,8
(Castagna et al, 2011)

Endurance - V
● Offensive-played Balls – 3v3 and 5v5

Heart Heart VI% VI% OPB OPB
Rate Rate 3v3 5v5 3v3 5v5
3v3 5v5
166.82 165.0 69.89 67.89 26.08 14.42

+\-10.64 +\-9.60 +\-16.01 +\-20.20 +\-6.36 +\-5.58
(McCornick et al, 2012)

Endurance - VI
(Adapted from Marcelino, 2014)

Endurance - VII
● YoYo IR 1 Test - Brazilian Women's Basketball Team
PRE POST
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
(m)
Fatigue Index (%) Fatigue Index (%)
(Adapted from Haddad, 2017)

Strength - I
● Anatomical Adaptation
● Hypertrophy
● Maximal Strength
● Power
● Power Endurance
Strength - II
Moving a External Force

ABSOLUTE (Opponent and\or Ball)
Strength
Carrying Bodyweight
RELATIVE
Acceleration
Strength
Deceleration
Jump
Landing
Strength - III
Localized ANATOMICAL
Muscular ADAPTATION
Endurance Hypertrophy
Primary Work Primary Work

BASKETBALL
Adapt tendons,
Lean Mass Gain
tissues and
muscles
Fast Fibers
Slow Fibers
Power-Strength
Endurance Modalities
Modalities
Strength - IV
Hypertrophy
- Prolonged exposure to METABOLITES;

- Amount of TIME UNDER tension;
- FATIGUE;
- HORMONAL Aspects;
- NUTRITION;
- REST;
- And other
(Adapted from Drinkwater et al, 2005 ; Gentil, 2014)

Strength - V
MAXIMUM
STRENGTH
- Intramuscular Coordination
- Intermuscular Coordination
- Power
(Maximum Maximorum Force)
(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)

Strength - VI
● Maximum Strength – U19 – Season: 49 weeks

TESTS 01 02 03 04 05
Week Week 08 Week 25 Week 39 Week 49
00 After 07 After 15 After 29 After 39
games games games games
1 RM 81,6 81,6 82,7 85,0 82,8
Bench +\-2,1 +\-15,2 +\-11,5 +\-11,5 +\-7,5
Press
(Kg)
1 RM 234,0 237,0 234,0 240,3 248,4
Leg Press +\-34,7 +\-35,0 +\-24,7 +\-24,3 +\-22,9
(Kg)
(Lopes et al, 2012)

Strength - VII
● Hormonal Responses – n=16 Male Players (U15 - U16)
T-01 T-02 T-03

(PRE Training) (POST (POST
Intensification) Tapering)
Testosterone 410,0 392,0 390,7

(pg\mL) +\-147,4 +\-144,7 +\-125,5
(Adapted from Miloski, 2015)

Strength - VIII
● Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture – NBA - Part 01
VARIABLES RIGHT LEG LEFT LEG Difference %
Leg Length 53,3+\-3,1 53,8+\-3,1 1,21+\-1,21

(cm)
Vertical Jump
POWER
Average (W) 833+\-136 995+\-109 19,5+\-12,9
Peak (W) 1801+\-256 1930+\-134 11,1+\-11,1
(Adapted from Mangine et al, 2014)

Strength - IX
● Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture – NBA - Part 02
Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Muscle Thickness Muscle Thickness

(cm)
VERSUS (cm)
Pennation Angle Pennation Angle
(°) (°)
Fascicle Lenght Fascicle Lenght
(cm) (cm)
Cross Sectional Cross Sectional
Area (cm²) Area (cm²)
Echo Intensity Echo Intensity
(au) (au)
(Adapted from Mangine et al, 2014)

Power - I
● Manifestations in SKILLS:
● Jumps;
● Layups;
● Reverse Layups;
● Dunks;
● Rebounds;
● Etc
Power - II
n=08 Male Professional Players
Regression
Coefficient:
HJ= 6,734
M UTJ= -0,254
E
T
E
R
S
Horizontal Jump Unilateral Triple Jump
(Adapted from Moreira et al, 2003)

Power - III
● YOUTH Male Basketball Players – Plyometric Training
CONTROL Drill Non- Drill

Randomization Randomization
(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)

Power - IV
●
Electromyostimulation Training (3 times per week)
VARIABLES PERIOD Experimental Control
SJ (cm) Before 44,8 ± 1,0 44,1 ± 1,8
Week 04 51,0 ± 1,3** 46,1 ± 1,8
Week 08 53,0 ± 2,0** 44,9 ± 0,9
CMJ (cm) Before 53,0 ± 1,3 51,0 ± 1,3
Week 04 52,8 ± 1,1 52,5 ± 1,6
** p<0,01 Week 08 62,2 ± 1,2** 51,9 ± 1,1
(Adapted from Maffiuletti et al, 2000)

Power Endurance - I
● Basketball + Handball Players

VARIABLES n MEAN (sd) R P
CMJ (cm) 18 39,66+\-3,60 0,991 0,0080
VJ 60 sec 18 56,33+\-3,83 0,978 0,0139
VJ 15 sec 18 14,11+\-0,67 0,936 0,0062
VJ 15 sec 18 34,16+\-3,45 0,993 0,0467

(cm)
VJ 60 sec 18 25,78+\-2,36 0,988 0,0014
(cm)
(Adapted from Hespanhol et al, 2006)

Power Endurance - II
● Frontal Plane vs Saggital Plane Plyometrics
Variables Group PRE POST % Change P
CMJ FP 48.26+\-5.39 50.07+\-5.33 3.8
SP 47.72+\-7.07 52.61+\-9.36 10.3 <.0001*
SLJ FP 176.89+\-18.47 187.05+\-14.19 6.0
SP 177.89+\-30.07 191.95+\-29.06 7.9 <.0001*
Right LH FP 141.06+\-7.47 154.94+\-13.03 9.8
SP 135.89+\-22.36 143.87+\-25.34 5.9 <.0001*
Left LH FP 137.16+\-12.97 153.49+\-6.02 11.9
SP 140.06+\-25.81 142.60+\-32.33 1.8 .006*
(Adapted from McCormick et al, 2016)

Speed - I
● Reaction (visual, auditory and kinesthetic)
● Movement (isolated actions)
● Displacement (spatial)
Speed - II
REACTION
- React an opponent's dribble
- React to a pass
- Etc
MOVEMENT SPEED
ENDURANCE
- Shooting
- Pass
- Jump
-Etc
DISPLACEMENT
- Sprints
- Marking
- Etc
Speed - III
Factors Affecting Speed
- Efferent and Afferent Responses
- CNS
- Strength
- Power
- Types of Fibers
- MUSCLES - Viscosity of Fibers
- Intra and Intermuscular Coordination
- Relaxation
- Body Levers
- PHYSICAL - Technical
Speed - IV
SPEED
in Basketball
- Technique
- Coordination
- Maximum Strength
Interaction
- Power
- Muscular Elasticity
NEURAL MUSCULAR
System System
Speed - V
Basketball
Speed Training
Repeated
Sprints
Reduced
Games
Speed - VI
- 5m
Acceleration
- 10m
- 15m
- 20m Speed
- 25m
- 30m (?)
Speed - VII
● Brazilian Women's Basketball Team (27 days of

Training)
VARIABLES PRE POST ∆% p Effect
Size
Speed Best Time (s) 3,34 3,39 1,49 0,01** 0,23

20m ± 0,22 ± 0,21
Speed Maximum 147,8 139,4 -5,68 <0,01** -0,59

20m Power (W) ± 13,9 ± 14,3
**
p<0,05

Speed - VIII
● n=08
Speed 30m Male
and Professional
T- 40m Players
– n=08 Professional Male Players
Pearson's
S Correlation:
- S30m= 0,95*
E -T-40m= 0,95*
C p<0,05
O
N
D
S
Speed 30m T-40m

(Adapted from Moreira et al, 2003)
Speed Endurance
● Speed Endurance Court Test (COD 140m):
● “LOADS with changes in motor patterns that have SPECIFIC

CHARACTER”
(Adapted from Moreira, 2002)

Agility - I
● SIMPLE (spatial and temporal certainty and
preplanned movement);
● SPATIAL (spatial uncertainty and preplanned

movement);
● TEMPORAL (temporal uncertainty and

preplanned movement);
● UNIVERSAL (total unpredictability and

improvised movement)
Agility - II
Multi-directional
Nature
Advanced
Physiological Cognitive
Capacities Strategies
Biomechanical
Abilities
(Adapted from Wheeler, 2009)

Agility - III
T-Test

Agility - IV
T-Test (s) – Plyometric Training (2 times per week – 07 weeks)
PT= Unilateral, Bilateral, Horizontal, Vertical, Lateral, Diagonal, Turning,

Backward, Cyclic, and Acyclic Jumps
Non-R R Control Group ANOVA GxT

Plyometric Plyometric F(2,6) Outcomes
PRE 12,3 12,1 12,2 F=0,7 F= 134,8 F=8,2

+\- 1,1 +\-1,1 +\-0,9
POST 11,0 10,3 11,5 P=.5 P<.001 P=.004

+\-1,1 * +\-0,7 * +\-1,1 (0,08) (0,89) (0,51)

Flexibility - I
ELASTIC
Components
ELASTICITY FLEXIBILITY MOBILITY
PLASTIC
Components
(Dantas, 1999 ; Achour Junior, 2004 ; Boyle, 2015)
Coordination
Orientation
Eye-hand Spatiotemporal Multi-
segments
Different Different
Basketball Situations
Skills
Coordination
Laterality Anticipatory Precision

Timing
Injury Prevention - I
MANAGING Injuries
CORRECTIVE
Platform
PREVENTIVE PREDICTIVE
Platform Platform
(Vretaros, 2018)
Injury Prevention - II
● CORRECTIVE Platform:
- Cycle Injury-correction;
- Urgent decision-making;
- Programmed decision-making
Injury Prevention - III
● PREVENTIVE Platform:
- Plan of Action;
- Continuous Monitoring;
- Improvement Recurring
Injury Prevention - IV
● PREDICTIVE Platform:
- Heuristic - Simple Calculations

- Quick Interpretation
- Simple Inferences
- Black Swan - Different Thought

Logic - Avoiding Errors Magnitude
Unexpected
- Non-Linear Interpretations
- Logarithmic
Engineering - Complex Calculations
- Artificial Intelligence
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2018)
Injury Prevention - V
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Incidence Prevalence
Acute Chronic
Contact Non Contact
Extrinsic Factors Intrinsic Factors
Injury Prevention - VI
1)- Establish DEGREE of Injury
2)- Check the MECHANISM that

Caused the Injury
4)- Rehabilitation
3)- Preventive Protocols
Measures
5)- Was the Program

EFFECTIVE?
(Adapted from Paschoal et al, 2013)
Injury Prevention - VII
Training or
Occurrence
Matches
Occurrence Pre-Season
Phase or Season
Degree of Injury Determined by

the DAMAGES of
the
STRUCTURES
(Adapted from Gantus & Assumpção, 2002)

Injury Prevention - VIII
Injuries Season 2002: Brazilian National Basketball Team
LOCATION n Traumatic Atraumatic (%)

Lower Limbs 49 21 28 48,0
Medical Clinic 22 -- 22 21,6
Chest \ 14 01 13 13,7
Abdomen
Upper Limbs 14 11 03 13,7
Head 03 03 -- 3,0
TOTAL 102 36 66 100,0
(Adapted from Moreira, Gentil &Oliveira, 2003)

Injury Prevention - IX
Injuries Season 2002: Brazilian National Basketball Team
Guard
Forward
Center
(Adapted from Moreira, Gentil &Oliveira, 2003)

Injury Prevention - X
● Global Postural Re-education 01:
- Movements in Basketball:
a)- Imbalance Situations
b)- Rotations and Dissociations (scapular and

pelvic girdles)
c)- One or Both Upper Limbs
d)- One-leg or Bipodal Support
(Adapted from Borges, 2006)

Injury Prevention - XI
Angle of
Hip Joint

Injury Prevention - XII

F
L
Hip Joint
E
X
I
B
I
L
I
T
Y
(c
m
CG - PRE CG - POST EG - PRE EG - POST
)

Injury Prevention - XIII

ANGLE of * (p=0,02 ; n=07)
Hip Joint (degrees)
CG - PRE CG - POST EG - PRE EG - POST

Injury Prevention - XIV
● INJURIES: NBA vs. WNBA
NBA WNBA
702 Athletes 443 Athletes
70420 Total Game Exposures 22980 Total Game Exposures
19,3 per 1000 ae 24,9 per 1000 ae
11,6 per 1000 ae Lower 14,6 per 1000 ae Lower

Extremity Injuries Extremity Injuries
(Adapted from Deith et al, 2006)

Injury Prevention - XV
● INJURIES: NBA vs. WNBA
(Adapted from Deith et al, 2006)

Injury Prevention - XVI
● FIFA 11+ Protocol in Elite Basketball Players
** p Value:
Statistically
Significant
(Adapted from Longo et al, 2012)

Injury Prevention - XVII
Triceps Surae Injury: ●Accelerated Return to Play

n=01 Elite Male Basketball Player
Age: 25 years-old
*** LEFT CALF ***
INJURY MECHANISM:
1)- Jump and turn at 180 degrees;
2)- At landing, his momentum was altered by the opponent;
3)- Ankle forced eccentrically, in dorsiflexion with flexed
knee
(Adapted from Anloague & Strack, 2018)
Injury Prevention - XVIII
Triceps Surae Injury: Accelerated Return to Play
VARIABLES Initial P-01 P-02 Re-Ass P-03 RTP DIFF

(day 1- (day 4- (day 8) (day 8- (day
3) 7) 9) 10)
NPRS (0-10) 06 03 0-3 0-3 0-2 0-2 04
Left calf girth, cm (10 cm distal to the 46 45.5 45,0 44,0 44,0 44,0 02
superior aspect of tibial tuberosity)
Left calf girth, cm (15 cm distal to the 45,5 45,5 45,25 45,0 45,0 45,0 0,5
superior aspect of tibial tuberosity)
AROM: -4 -2 02 06 08 10,0 14
Ankle Dorsiflexion (deg)
MMT: 3+ 4- 04 04 04 4,4+ --
Ankle Plantar Flexion
MMT: 4- 04 04 4+ 4+ 4+\5 --
Knee Flexion

Injury Prevention - XIX
Triceps Surae Injury: Accelerated Return to Play
Y BALANCE TEST Left Left Right Right DIFF DIFF

(PRE) (POST) (PRE) (POST) (PRE) (POST)
Anterior Stance 66,5 70,0 74,0 75,0 -7,5 -5,0
Posteromedial Stance 116,5 121,0 122,0 122,0 -5,5 -1,0
Posterolateral Stance 118,0 116,0 119,0 117,0 -1,0 -1,0
Composite 84,31 88,06 88,24 90,07 -3,93 -2,01

Fatigue - I
PERIFERIC:
PERIFERIC:
Neuromuscular
Cardiovascular
Fatigue in
Basketball
Basketbal
PERIFERIC: CENTRAL:
Metabolic CNS
Fatigue - II
VISIBLE RISK OF
Fatigue Overreaching
Non-functional
HIDDEN RISK OF
Fatigue Overtraining
(Adapted from Platonov, 2008)

Fatigue - III
Biochemists Physiological
SYMPTOMS
Psychological Immunological
Fatigue - IV
Expert (n=10) versus Novice (n=10)
AAHPERD Basketball Passing Test
A C E
B D F
START TESTER
(Adapted from Lyons et al, 2006)

Fatigue - V
VARIABLES Minimum Maximum MEAN SEM
Score (REST) EXPERT 40,00 58,00 48,90 2,11

Players
Score (REST) NOVICE 40,00 59,00 50,60 1,75
Players
Score (70%) EXPERT 38,00 56,00 48,30 1,86
Players
Score (70%) NOVICE 36,00 58,00 46,20 1,87
Players
Score (90%) EXPERT 34,00 54,00 43,60 2.12
Players
Score (90%) NOVICE 31,00 48,00 39,70 1,38
Players
(Adapted Lyons et al, 2006)
Fatigue - VI
VARIABLES Minimum Maximum MEAN SEM
Change from rest (Δ) to -4.00 6.00 0.60 1.00

70% EXPERT Players
Change from rest (Δ) to 1.00 10.00 4.40 0.87

70% NOVICE Player

90% EXPERT Players

90% NOVICE Players
(Adapted from Lyons et al, 2006)

Detraining - I
Body Maximum
Composition Strength
DETRAINING
in Basketball Speed
Agility
1)- ???
VO2max 2)- ???
Power
3)- ???
(Alvero et al, 2017 ; Fathi et al, 2018 ; Stergios et al, 2018)
Detraining - II
● n=14 Professional Players – 15 - 20 days in Detraining

Functions Body Fat (%) VO2max HR max Speed
(ml\kg\min) (bpm) (km\h)
PF + C 10,28+\-1,62 51,54+\-4,14 198,86+\-6,22 14,00+\-0,53
Δ% 31,91 10,42 -5,08 7,14
SG 13,56+\-3,61 ** 56,91+\-3,98 188,75+\-8,64 15,00+\-0,71
Δ% -46,31 5,24 2,52 0
PG 7,28+\-0,57 59,89+\-0,55 193,50+\-1,50 15,00+\-1,00
Δ% -29,18 0,55 -2,70 7,14
**p<0,05
(Adapted from Oliveira & Navarro, 2007)

Nutrition - I
● n=13 Youth Female Player - Food Consumption
Variables Mean DRI Adequacy (%)
Protein 50,97 138,42

(gram\day)
Carbohydrates 190,54 --
(gram\day)
Lipids 57,88 --
(gram\day)
Kcal\day 1398,63 63,19
(Adapted from Rosaneli & Donin, 2007)

Nutrition - II
● n=47 Referees - Brazilian Basketball League
Food Consumption
SEX CHO % Protein % Lipids %

(g\day) TCV (g\day) TCV (g\day) TCV
Female 231,4 45,58 85,2 16,48 84,3 37,74

(n=09) ±73,3 ±9,4 ±37,0 ±3,9 ±33,3 ±10,5
Male 285,84 39,39 173,0 23,29 122,7 37,27

(n=38) ±118,7 +10,4 ±89,4 ±8,3 ±55,2 ±8,1
(Adapted from Bosko et al, 2009)

Nutrition - III
● n=30 Male Players - Portuguese First Division
N
u
m
b
e
r
O
f
A
t
h
l
e
t Number of Daily Meals
e
s (Adapted from Bahut, 2008)
Nutrition - IV
n=323 male ●and
n=female athletes
Significance:
** p<0,05 **
(Adapted from Fields et al, 2018)

Nutrition - V
Dehydration and Gravity of Urine
n=12
Youth Players
(15,2+\-0,9 years)
(Adapted from Marcelino et al, 2013)

Nutrition - VI
Sweat Rate
● U
M
L
\
m
i
n
Athletes
(Adapted from Marcelino et al, 2013)
Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - I
● n=10 Male Professional

● 10-20 jump shots
● Shoulder, elbow and wrist
Axes Segments Angles
(Adapted from Okazaki et al, 2007)

Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - II
● S
Preparation Ball Elevation Stability Ball Throwing Inertia
(Adapted from Okazaki et al, 2007)

Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - III
Ball TRAJECTORY
● S
90° 60°
32° 43' 20°
45,7 cm 39,6 cm 24,7 cm 15,6 cm
(Adapted from Miler & Barlett, 1993 ; Okazaki et al, 2007)

Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - I
FACTORS:
● Q
1)- Angle of Incidence of the Ball in the Basket;
2)- Vertical and Horizontal Velocity of the Ball;
3)- The Angle and Velocity of Throwing the Ball;
4)- The Height of the Throwing;
5)- The Stature of the Player;
6)- The Height of the Jump;
7)- The Player Experience;
8)- The Throwing Distance;
9)- The Previous Displacements;
10)- The Marking of the Opponent;
11)- The Air Resistance;
12)- The Fatigue
(Adapted from Silva et al, 2012)
Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - II
● n=20 Male Basketball Players (14 – 18 years-old)
- 10-throw test
- 15 minutes alternating the mass
- MASSIVE training of throw and rest of 01
Practice minute every 15 minutes
- Re-test of 10 shots
- Same process
- One-minute break after 10
- DISTRIBUTED minutes of training
Practice - Re-test of 10 shots

Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - III
● Q *(p<0,05)
TEST RE-Test TEST RE-Test
Massive Practice Distributed Practice

Periodization - I
Off-Season
Should we periodize or not?
Pre-Season
Periodization integrated into the season or isolated
periodization?
Season
What model of periodization?
Periodization - II
MACROcycle
(Season, Year, Half Year, 5,4,3 months)
MESOcycle
(Month or ?)
MICROcycle
(5-10 days)
Training UNIT
(Session)
Periodization - III
Incorporation
Ordinary
Control
Types
of
Shock
Recuperative MICROcycle
Competitive Precompetitive
Periodization - IV
Tactic
ATR
Linear
Pendulous Blocks
MODELS
Reverse Selective
Loads
Structural
Bells
Periodization - V
PHASES ● S FOCUS
Off-Season 01 Learning Movement
Off-Season 02 PreHab Exercises
Off-Season 03 Sport Specific Conditioning
Pre-Season 01 Specific Skills and Drills
Pre-Season 02 Training Camp
In Season 01 Training to Win
In Season 02 Tournament Time
Post Season Rest and Recovery
TOTAL Complete Functional Conditioning
(Adapted from Sigmon, 2003)
Periodization - VI
● Selective Loads versus Blocks
(Adapted from Oliveira, 2014)

Periodization - VII
● Brazilian Women's Basketball Team – 27 days of

training for the Pan American Games Toronto - 2015
MICROcycle - 01 MICROcycle - 02 MICROcycle - 03
Days Days Days

Periodization - VIII
● Brazilian Women's Basketball Team – 27 days of

training for the Pan American Games Toronto - 2015
TOTAL Average Monotony Strain
Week Week Index Index
(AU) (AU)
MICROcycle 6.004 1.001 4,41 26.488
01 +\-226,8
MICROcycle 6.564 1.094 2,86 18.786
02 +\-382,2
MICROcycle 5.314 1.063 3,02 16.053
03 +\-351,8

Recovery & Regeneration - I
ACTIVE
Resources
Recovery
&
Regeneration
PASSIVE
Resources
Recovery & Regeneration - II
Nutrition
Cryotherapy Compression
Garment
Sleep Slowdown Thermotherapy

Active
Acupuncture Magnetotherapy
Hyperoxia
Therapy
Cupping
Therapy
Electrostimulation And More
Recovery & Regeneration - III
●
n=29 Male Players – 03 day Tournament Competition
CHO + Line-drill
Stretching Performance Line-drill
-0,4% (s=1,8) Performance
7,7g.Kg-1.day-1
-1,4%, (s=1,7)
20m Sprint
-0,7%
20m Sprint
Cold Water -0,5% (s=1,4)
Immersion
11°C (5x1-min Line-drill
intervals) Performance
-1,5% (s=1,7)
Full Leg Compression

Garments 20m Sprint
18 mmHg (~18h) -3,2 % (s=1,6)
(Adapted from Montgomery et al, 2008)

Specific Conditioning For Basketball

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Specific Conditioning For Basketball

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Specific Conditioning for Basketball

Smalls Guards 01 Point Guard Ball control,

Smalls Forwards 03 Small Forward Mixture of distance and

Bigs 04 Power Forward Aggressive play close

(Adapted from Drinkwater et al, 2008)

● Court AREA – NBA= 436,24m²

(Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

Effort-pause: High Intensity

(Adapted from Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

● S Sprints per Match:

- Sub-Elite Males: 952–1329 m

- Junior Males: 763 m

- Elite Females: 925 m

(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

Total Game Time: 2 – 6%

Duration: 0,5 – 2,4 s

(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

1)- Tactical Position

Shooting Height: Body Mass:

Small Height: Body Mass:

Power Height: Body Mass:

Center Height: Body Mass:

Shooting Guard Height: Body Mass:

Small Height: Body Mass:

Power Height: Body Mass:

Center Height: Body Mass:

● U-15 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component GUARD FORWARD CENTER

Endomorph 4.4 ± 1.4 4.8 ± 1.8 4.3 ± 1.1

Mesomorph 5.3 ± 1.1 4.7 ± 1.5 3.7 ± 1.7

Ectomorph 2.4 ± 1.0 2.5 ± 1.5 3.4 ± 0.9

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

● U-18 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component GUARD FORWARD CENTER

Endomorph 3.8 ± 1.4 3.1 ± 1.4 4.2 ± 1.7

Mesomorph 4.1 ± 0.9 3.9 ± 1.5 4.4 ± 1.6

Ectomorph 3.3 ± 1.1 3.6 ± 1.6 2.8 ± 1.6

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

● ELITE MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component GUARD FORWARD CENTER

Endomorph 4.4 ± 1.6 3.1 ± 0.8 3.8 ± 0.8

Mesomorph 4.5 ± 1.4 4.0 ± 0.9 3.3 ± 1.2

Ectomorph 2.4 ± 1.1 3.0 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 1.2

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

(Oliveira, 2014 ; Read et al, 2014 ; Liebenson, 2017)

Metabolic Via A Time

ATP-PC ~3-25 seconds ~1:3 – 1:2

Glycolytic ~30 seconds – ~1:2 – 1:1

Aerobic > 3 minutes ~1:1\2 – 1:1

(Adapted from Forteza, 2006)

● Target Zone for Endurance Training

HR Training Zones Systems

90 – 100% Max HR Anaerobic Power

80 – 90% Max HR Anaerobic Endurance

60 – 80% Max HR Aerobic Endurance

50 – 60% Max HR Aerobic Base

(Adapted from FIBA, 2015)

Reduced Games HR Máx Lactate

2x2 92+\-5,6 7,8+\-1,2

3x3 88+\-8,4 6,2+\-2,3

p<0,01 Week 08 62,2 ± 1,2 51,9 ± 1,1