Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
Introduction
Crime is a social phenomenon. This means that crime cannot be eliminated but
can be controlled through crime prevention programs which are effectively carried out by
authorities. Crime is a serious issue that affects everyone in society. It is a problem for
contemporary societies that can have wide and lasting impacts on victims, their families
and communities.
the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values, and the viewpoint of
people currently holding social and political power. Individuals who violate these rules
are subject to sanctions by state authority, social stigma, and loss of status (Siegel, 2008).
Each country in the world has social problems which need to be fixed. One of
these problems is crime. One of the significant causes is unemployment. Because people
do not have a stable job which helps them to pay everything in their lives such as foods,
clothes, so they cannot improve their lives. As a result, although something is unlawful,
they must do to have money. The second cause is migration from rural area to urban area.
Some people consider that they can have a good life in urban areas. However, some
people do not have knowledge and skills to do anything so they cannot adapt with new
environment. As a result, they are seduced easily to do unlawful actions. For instance,
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some naive girls from rural areas to urban areas, they are easily cheated to become bad
The police are among the most visible and active providers of public service in
contemporary society. They operate in 24 hours a day basis and are called upon when no
longer other government agencies are available or qualified to assist. The duties they
perform often represent the difference between life and death and tranquility or tragedy
(Dasayon, 2013).
In the United States, crime data is collected from three major sources: law
surveys, collected biannually by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and processed annually
in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS); and self-report surveys (Flora,
2013).
There is no doubt that numerous problems exist in most modern cities throughout
the world. Although traffic congestion, pollution and overcrowding often occur, many
people believe that crime is the most serious problem in urban areas. Television and
In the Philippines, the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) is being observed
by the Philippine National Police (PNP) in close coordination with public officials and
private citizens. There are several agencies in charge in the enforcement of the laws and
ordinances. These law enforcement agencies have their own strategies in addressing the
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crimes in their respective places. The Philippine National Police is the prime mover of
the Criminal Justice System of the Philippines where the prevention of crime is tasked to
The PNP, as mandated by law to protect lives and properties, is working on its
fundamental principle of “to serve and to protect”, and it is still serving and protecting to
the fullest its citizenry. Although policing has evolved into the millennium as a result of
changing demographics, economic pressures and more sophisticated criminal activity and
technology, the PNP has managed to perform to the call of times. As crime perpetrators
employ vast complexity in the commission of their crimes, today’s policing professionals
are equipped with the most current theories of criminology, investigative techniques, law,
However, while great strides have been accomplished in improving the crime-
busting capabilities of the Philippine National Police (PNP), still it cannot be over
emphasized that intimate familiarity with crimes and the criminals was, and still is, the
best weapon for crime prevention and solution. This intimate familiarity can only come
about if the PNP has in its possession data which are complete, comprehensive, accurate,
reliable, responsive, and updated, for operational policy formation and decision making
purposes.
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prevailing peace and order in the country. Criminals have kept pace with the
advancement in the field of science and technology and have grown incomparably more
According to Dasayon (2013), his thesis revealed that crime volume increases in
Pasig City from CY 2010-2012. Marikina City has a total crime volume of 3,053 from
CY 2010-2012. These two cities in Metro Manila reveal a picture of crime situation that
calls for the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) nationwide.
The researcher believes that the experience of these two cities are similar with other
highly urbanized cities in the country. This is a situation that would invite the
More so, the seeming inefficient and slow solution of crime incidents not only
adversely affectsour economic stability but also the entire police organization.In so
doing, elements of Organized Crime Groups (OCGs) and criminal/syndicated gangs took
According to Gubatan (2011), there are other factors that affect the effectiveness
and efficiency of thecrime-fighting system, such as the chronic lack of equipment and
facilities, and inadequate manpower. Others may include policy issues, particularly on
experts and law enforcement around the world have long been aware of the complexities
of crime and the importance of crime prevention. Any initiative or policy which reduces
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or eliminates the aggregate level of victimization or the risk of individual criminal
based programs to reduce the incidents of risk factors correlated with criminal
participation and the rate of victimization, as well as efforts to change the perceptions.
coalition of key agencies such as schools, create job, provide social services and housing,
and ensure effective law enforcement policies. Primary prevention addresses individual
and family level factors correlated with criminal participation. Individual level factors,
such as attachment to school and involvement in social activities decrease the probability
of criminal involvement. Family level factors, such as consistent parenting skills reduce
individual level risk. Risk factors are additive in nature, as the greater number of risk
Another major factor that greatly affects the rise in criminality is urbanity.
Urbanity is viewed with the combined concept of size, density and the presence ofcertain
institutions associated with an urban lifestyle like a town hall, church or chapel, public
plaza, park orcemetery, market place, buildings for trade activities and public buildings
Instruction (LOI) 63/2010 entitled Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) which was
launched at the National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO). Later the PNP directed
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The concept was to integrate the effort of all Law Enforcement Agencies
operating in a certain area to maximize the effort and resources of the different patrol
teams operating in a certain area in order to properly address the problem on crime,
The Pangasinan Police Provincial Office made some innovations on the program
identifying crime prone areas and implemented the program called PIPS Focused Area.
Police personnel were deployed and station in a particular place at a given time based on
the crime clock identified as hotspot area generated by the Geographic Information
System-Base Crime Analysis (GIS-BCA). Sector supervisor are assigned to monitor and
supervise the implementation of the program with the Station Commander as the over-all
supervisor of the team. The monitoring is being assessed every week by the Station
Commander and presents every month the progress of the program with recommendation
The Pangasinan Police Provincial Office has a chartered city, the Dagupan City
which has a multicultural population foreign and local. Hence, there is a need to give
premium on the preventive and proactive approaches to crime rather than reactive ones.
One of the strategies being implemented is the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS).
When more crimes are prevented, the lesser crimes will be investigated, thus reducing the
use of resources of the PNP. This becomes economical, efficient and effective policing in
general. It will also be more beneficial to the five (5) pillars of CJS and the nation as a
whole, in all its milieus, be it political, social or economical. With this situation, Dagupan
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City Police Station with its current mission and function, adopted an enhanced intensified
There was an increase of Index and Non-Index crimes committed in the City
particularly during the periods of May when the celebration of the Bangus Festival is
being held. In this scenario, a lot of tourists from all over the country and around the
world come and visit the City of Dagupan in its month-long celebration. Similarly, the
Dagupan City Fiesta every December is also a peak season of crime incidents.
To address this problem and immediately reduce the total crime volume in the
whole region, the Police Regional Office 1 launched the Police Integrated Patrol System
(PIPS) Focused Area and identified the Business District area under Dagupan City Police
Station as the pilot area of the program. Through the initiative the City Police Chief
directly supervised the implementation and monitoring of the program. However, despite
visible reduction of crime particularly street crime of robbery, theft and physical injury
few months after the implementation, no survey have ever been made if the program was
effective and sustainable that can be adopted as a template for the whole region as a
individuals/ groups and criminals may take advantage of the complexities of the city in
furtherance of their illegal activities. To address the situation, the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) - Focus Area was further conceptualized and implemented to enhance and
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strengthen crime prevention and solution in a designated Focus Area of each Police
Station. Considering the limited resources of the organization, the PIPS-Focus Area has
been likewise adopted to concentrate anti-criminality efforts in focus areas where crime
incidents are prevalent, rather than the usual deployment of patrollers which is more
dispersed in nature resulting in the old saying that “the eyes are bigger than the stomach”.
Subsequently, the PIPS-Focus Area was later on adopted by the different Police
presence (foot/ mobile patrols), checkpoint/ chokepoint operations, OplanBakal/ Sita and
other related anti criminality and security operations. Moreover, with the implementation
of PIPS-Focus Area, it will surely limit, if not, constrict the playing fields or areas of
operation of criminals, hence denying them further of the opportunity to commit crime.
In Dagupan City, the localized Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) had made
an impact on the crime situation as evidenced by the steady decrease of crime incidents
involving the use of firearms, street crimes and those perpetrated by motorcycle-riding
criminals since its implementation. However, these incidents still continue to persist due
Verily, motive belongs to and is held by the criminal whom the police force
cannot totally eradicate/control, but it can certainly reduce or eliminate the opportunity
and instrumentality through crime prevention programs of the five (5) pillars of CJS, but
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As part of the preventive actions, “Police Presence/ Patrol” in the forms of police
community relation activities, and other-related public safety and community services
was intensified.
and systems/procedures and re-tooling its personnel in consonance with the Performance
Governance System (PGS)/P.A.T.R.O.L. Plan 2030. There is also a need to refocus the
mindset of our personnel from the traditional (reactive) concept of patrolling and
commercial and financial center north of Manila. Also, the city is one of the centers of
The city is among the top producers of milkfish (locally known as bangus) in the
tons (MT), contributing 16.8 percent to the total provincial production. Of its total
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production in the past three years, 78.5 percent grew in fish pens/cages while the rest
The DCPS identified identify focus areas in the City of Dagupan and undertake a
concerted effort and intensified law enforcement operations, aggressive foot and mobile
Each Police Station and Field Unit shall identify focus areas to implement the
Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) in their respective AOR, guided by the QUAD
Community Relations.
The implementation of PIPS in focus areas shall have the following features:
Geographic Information System (GIS) crime map as basis in crime analysis (BCA) and
identification of focus areas (crime hotspots, critical times of crime commission and
modus operandi of criminals). The identified focus areas shall be the subject of
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Theoretical Framework
Coronel (1996) as cited by Dela Rama, et.al (2011), in order for a crime to happen, there
are three elements to be satisfied. These are the intent/motive, opportunity, and
instrumentality. Each can be briefly described as: Intent is the action done by a person to
criminalize a motive; Motive is the reason or cause why a person or group of persons will
perpetrate a crime. Opportunity is the time and chance given for a criminal to do the
crime, and Instrumentality does not only limit to implements or tools used in the
commission but also includes the capability of every individual in doing a crime. From
these variables, the study was anchored. The related theories to these variables are
explained below.
book “Police Field Operations” as one of the oldest but most effective way of preventing
crimes is the “theory of police omnipresence.” This is associated with the police
visibility principle that requires physically uniformed personnel to patrol their beat
specially during peak hours to implant into the minds of the people including would be
criminals that police are present in the vicinity. Thus, this strategy is effective in
commission of crime.
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Reactive and Proactive theories. According to Adams (2010), there are two
common ways or principle of response to crime, the reactive and the proactive methods.
Reactive method is the reactive function of public officials and police officers which
requires response of police when crime happened or reported. The Proactive method, on
the other hand requires public officials and police officers to develop directed or
structured crime prevention strategy by doing foot and mobile patrolling as crime
prevention strategy. This method explains that before crimes happen, efforts of police are
observed to eliminate the desire of people in committing crimes, thus, goes to the process
patrol theory is another theory that would explain that the logic behind preventive patrol
was simple and persuasive. A potential offender looking to commit crime in the
community would be deterred by the visibility of police, now called as “police presence.”
This requires surprise patrolling, and conduct of patrolling through unstructured routines.
crimes.
The public are the police and the police are the public. This was the famous
statement of Sir Robert Peel, the father of community policing in England. This
emphasizes that there should be the close partnership of the police and the community in
order to eliminate crime. The police cannot be effective if no assistance shall be extended
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by the community, likewise the community will not feel safe if no police are available for
keeping peace and maintaining order (PNP-PCR Manual, 2013). This reciprocal
obligation of police and community is useful in crime prevention and maybe effective in
suppressing the intent and opportunity activities. When residents report crime, this would
eliminate instrumentality.
Police as written in the Police Community Relation (PCR) Manual. This is defined as an
active outreach and systematic engagement between the police and the public for the
Relative to the variables of this study, this is the overall theory that when properly
implemented would holistically control the commission of crimes. This helps eliminate
Conceptual Paradigm
The conceptual paradigm shows that before a crime is committed, there are three
elements that must be fulfilled. One element is intent/motive, this refers to the willful act
of the perpetrator, second is the opportunity that refers to the time chance or time given
for the commission of the crime, and instrumentality or the capability of the person to
commit a crime. If these elements are present, crime maybe committed. This means, in
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Crimes (except for strict liability crimes) have two basic elements: the guilty mind
and the guilty act. The technical terms for these elements are their Latin names: “mens
rea” meaning “guilty mind” and “actus reus” meaning the “thing done.” Generally, a
mind.Crimes also have specific elements that are contained in the definitions of a crime.
For example, a murder is an intentional killing of a human being. The elements are that
the accused must have (1) purposely or knowingly (2) caused a death (3) of a human
being.
The operational paradigm explains that when the three elements such as the
These elements are being addressed by the implementation of PIPS particularly in the
focus areas (crime prone places). If the measures undertaken are implemented well, there
The conceptual paradigm of the study presents the three elements of crime such
the intent and motive, opportunity, and instrumentality. These three elements are needed
in order for a crime to occur. Without one of these, no crime can be committed. Each of
the three elements of crime point towards the implementation of the Police Integrated
Patrol System (PIPS). The main purpose of the PIPS is to address the crime prevention
measures through the involvement of sectors of the society such as the barangay officials,
force multipliers, and civilian residents that is front lined by the police. If the
implementation of the PIPS is done properly with proper coordination of the different law
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enforcement agencies and private sectors, there would be an efficient management of
Opportunity
Intent and
Motive Instrumentality
Implementation of
PIPS Focused Area
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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to assess the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) Focused Area towards a more effective crime management in the City of
Dagupan.
1.3. instrumentality?
encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused
4. Are there significant differences in the assessment of the three (3) groups of
respondents on the Police Integrated Patrol System Focused Area, problems encountered
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Hypothesis
respondents on the Police Integrated Patrol System Focused Area, problems encountered
and the corresponding measures relative to intent and motive, opportunity, and
instrumentality.
Philippine National Police (PNP). This study would also be beneficial to the
PNP organization, in general, as its findings would clearly illustrate the researcher – a
PNP commissioned personnel’s search for ways and means in contributing, improving,
Dagupan City Police Station. The result of this study may provide additional
information and concept on the conduct of Police Integrated Patrol System that will
enable the City Police Chief, Personnel assigned at the Business District Area to
formulate effective plans and program against criminality especially street crimes in the
Dagupan City Community. The result of this study would make their aware on
the importance of their cooperation and support with the activities of the PNP.
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Researcher. The result of the study will give him better insights and sense of
fulfilment and shall boast his morale in the enhancement of Police Integrated Patrol
System Focused Area of the Dagupan City Police Office toward an effective Anti-
Future Researchers. The result of this study would serve as a reference in the
The setting of the study is at the Dagupan City Police Station covering the 31
The subject of the study was on the assessment of the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) focused area as a tool in the crime prevention strategy in addressing
primarily streets crimes that accounts an average of 80 to 90 percent of the total crime
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of this study, the following terms are operationally defined
accordingly:
Community relations. This refers to the process of dealing with the community
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policies, rules and regulations for the public’s knowledge and appreciations, transparency
and trust.
crime by denying would be criminal with opportunity, the instrument and the motivation
Focus Areas. This refers to the places such as barangays, streets/roads and
establishments where crimes are prone to happen, thus selected to be patrolled by the
Foot patrol. This pertains to a type of patrol done by DCPS personnel as part of
police visibility.
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Index Crimes. This refers to criminal cases involving persons and property of
Integrated Patrol System. This refers to the integration of different patrol units,
auxiliary, barangay tanod, police volunteer and other members of the community who
join the regular beat patrol police stations. It supports, augments and reinforces police,
and at the same time empowers the citizens to keep watch over the community.
Intent. The element of crime and is ‘the exercise of intelligent will, the mind
being fully aware of the nature and consequences of the crime committed.
Mobile patrol. This is another type of patrol activity being conducted by DCPS
Motive. This refers to why one committed the crime, the inducement, reason, or
Non-Index Crimes. This is referring to civil cases or less serious crimes which
are brought to the Dagupan City Police Station for investigation and solution.
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Peace and Order. This refers to the state of security and after effect of non-
enhance and build relationships with the citizens of local neighborhood, and mobilizes
Police visibility. This is used in this study as generic term to all efforts and
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IMPLAN – Implementation Plan
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Chapter 2
This portion of the research contains the researcher’s reading on the related
literatures and studies divided into foreign and local literatures and studies.
Foreign Literature
Hagan (2014) wrote in his book “Criminology and Crimes,” that the estimate
property crime such as robbery, burglary, and larceny cost American society nearly 13
billion dollars. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigators estimate that the
federal government is being ripped off by at least 50 billion dollars a year, primarily
through fraud.
Schafer (2013) explained that a convictional criminal with his altruistic moral
ideology, places less emphasis upon secrecy and even seeks publicity for his cause.
Dramatic publicity, moreover, is almost a necessity for the convictional criminal in order
for the public understands his actions; his crime may serve as an example to would be
followers and generate further convictional crimes. His punishment is not a deterrent and
may serve to interest others in the given ideal and to recruit other violators of law.
Klecak (2010) states that the public police agency’s organization and facilities
must be aligned so that they will successfully accomplish its overall objectives. This
requires a well-coordinated structure wherein there are provisions for the components to
function in harmony. Unfortunately, many law enforcement agencies are limited in both
personnel and equipment resources, which hamper their ability to cope with the various
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diversified techniques of criminal activities and modus operandi. These restrictions
According to Siegel (2013), recognition must be given to the fact that law
features are determined by departmental size, budget, geography and objective, to name
but a few.Criminal prevention policy setting and the formulation of plans to positively
Wolfgangas cited by Allan (2013) says that the process from original complaint
through apprehension and conviction of a suspect to release from prison is a long and
complicated task. The criminal justice system is commonly thought of as divided into
three (3) segments: a) police and similar law enforcement agencies; b) administration of
Crime Prevention states that crime prevention strategy should include the promotion of
of crime prevention activities at the national, regional and local levels;promotion by law
enforcement and criminal justice of the safety and security of person and property;
treatment of victims with respect and understanding of their needs; regular monitoring of
crime prevention programs, based on reliable information, analysis and public discussion
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Furthermore, improved police-community relations, which may result from a
The UNAFEI Newsletter (February 2005) averred that responding to the demands
of the people and public opinion who seek safety and security, the government has to put
punishment, which directly responds to the public’s beliefs and are effective in the short
term.
It is clear that these countermeasures are necessary and we can expect some
insufficient to combat the crime associated with urbanization. Offenders will be back in
the community sooner or later and repressive approaches do not take into account
prevention of crime and reintegration of offenders into the community. It can be deduced
from the preceding review of foreign literatures that the phenomenon of an increase in
crime due to urbanization has been brought about by many factors. Therefore it is
difficult for criminal justice agencies to combat such crimes alone. It is essential to
environmental design is based on one simple idea – that crime results partly from the
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opportunities presented by physical environment. It is a general approach to reducing the
opportunities for any kind of crime, occurring in any kind of setting, including airline
hijackings, welfare frauds, obscene phone calls, pub violence and domestic violence, as
Foreign Studies
According to Gage (2014), a trial of 22 defendants took place in New York City,
alleging they ran a 1.7 billion dollars drug trafficking organization in the United States,
Clinard and Quinney (2013) in their thesis, state “the occupational crimes consist
lawbreaking acts committed by those who due to their position in the social structure,
have obtained specialized kinds of occupational slots essential for the commission of
these offenses.
government expenses on criminal justice system. Fear of crime also negatively affects
the quality of life, with this everyone acts and plans on how to avoid or prevent crime or
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acts, studying others crime prevention plans. Crime is costing each country with huge
Crime experts and law enforcement has long been aware on the complexities of
crime and the importance of crime prevention, and some experts has published important
works widely on the subject. Any plan which reduces or eliminates the level of
factors correlated with criminal participation and the rate of victimization, as well as
Gottfredson and other criminologists have been the forefront of analyzing what
works to prevent crime. Commissions, research bodies, councils analyzing their research
on what lower rates of interpersonal crime, and they agree that government must go
beyond law enforcement and criminal justice to tackle risk factors that cause crime for it
is cost effective and results to greater social benefits than the standard ways of
Sampsonas cited by Dasayon (2013) says that the study on the effectiveness of the
police in preventing and solving crimes cannot be done through foot patrols of
policemen. The behavior or conduct of individual policemen is not the sole determining
directed at promoting efficiency, reducing crime, or putting down riots have a bearing on
police community relations. The study found out that in the United States, in order to
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fight crime in high crime areas, a department may employ a large number of officers in
saturation patrols or use trained dogs and handlers in these neighborhoods. To maximize
foot patrols or one-man patrol cars rather than two-man cars. These practices, while
least have minimized opportunities for friendly contacts with the public, and these are the
contacts that form the crux of good community relations. The study found out that police
forces are increasingly patrolling in cars rather than on foot because the latter was found
to be far less efficient than radio police cars, which can cover larger areas and respond
more quickly.
Models, Methods and Political Perspectives, he raised questions regarding the theoretical
prevention". His focus was mainly has been to comment generally on the ways in which
adherence to certain ideological frameworks can be linked to both theoretical closure and
the adoption of exclusionary practices. Contrary to this, it has been argued that the
adoption of selected techniques, practices and methods does not make a particular
program inherently good (or bad), or a success (or failure), or that the choice and use of
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competing perspectives (conservative, liberal and radical), and consequently diverse
forms of intervention (some of which are mutually exclusive, others that reinforce each
other), is important in sensitizing us to the politics of our own practice, and in exposing
Bearing this in mind, it is also important to have a vision of what we do that goes
beyond that of "crime prevention" per se. That is, we need to continually assess the
effects and implications of the different models and methods on the overall character of
social life, and on the well-being of specific groups and communities. Stopping crime is
always a possible project if only we had enough resources, tools and powers.
According to Skogan and Frydl (2006), while the available evidence supports the
assertion that hot spots policing is effective, there are important gaps in our knowledge
about it. Clearly, the enforcement-oriented strategies reviewed here work in preventing
crime. We do not know, however, which enforcement strategies are more effective in
preventing crime and under what circumstances certain strategies are more appropriate.
For instance, we do not know whether many of the observed crime-control gains were
increased police presence in very small areas. This small body of evaluation research also
does not unravel the important question of whether enforcement-oriented programs result
in long-term crime reductions in hot spot areas. Comparison periods to detect potential
crime-prevention effects ranged from only 1 month to 1 year .This review also offers
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little insight into the effectiveness of enforcement tactics relative to other broader-based
Local Literature
One approach in crime prevention was based on the concept of the crime
prevention triangle: desire, ability and opportunity. According to Hallock (2001) as cited
by Gubatan (2011), taking away any of the three elements of the crime triangle, prevents
the occurrence of crime. He further suggested that opportunity is the easiest component to
control which can break the crime prevention triangle to win the battle against crime.
In line with its campaign to promote crime prevention, the CIDG “Crime
Prevention: Cooperative Preparedness” has provided a primer on how citizens could also
be part of the campaign. This includes how to avoid crime to happen; citizens
preparedness against crime in the community, at home or anywhere else. Such primer
could go a long way in getting the cooperation of the public in the campaign against
His Excellency Fidel V. Ramos, former President of the Philippines has outlined
his administration’s plans for peace and order and crime fighting. He said that the five-
year plan of the government has brought into it not just the recommendations of the top
officials of our criminal justice system, but the counsel add experience of those who are
in the frontlines in the war against crimes – the police officers out on the beat,
investigators, prosecutors, crusaders against violence, judges and jail wardens. President
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Ramos said that the government has adopted a Master Plan of Action for Peace and Order
containing two (2) vital components, namely: a vision on what the government is trying
to achieve, and the second is on how to get there. Including in the plan is a coherent
strategy that provides for a two-pronged effort: by reinforcing the five-pillars of the
criminal justice system, and by highlighting values through moral recovery (Gubatan,
2011).
For the increase demand for peace, order and security of the ever-growing
population in a rapidly changing and developing society, police force is not enough. To
address the problem, by virtue of the resolution no. 200-157 of the National Police
Manual to be carried out by the PNP nationwide. The COPS was adopted from the Koban
Caparas (2004) as cited by Allan (2013) indicated that a common strategy among
the five pillars of the criminal justice system is the conduct of an Information Education
Communication (IEC) Campaign. A Presidential Directive was issued for the five pillars
Justice System Communication Plan (CJS Complan). The CJS Complan was initiated to
promote the CJS in order to enhance justice, public order and safety through an integrated
and sustained communication program. Primers, posters, brochures, pamphlets and other
reproduced and distributed to the public. CJS agencies also air a weekly one-hour radio
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program “Bantay-Katarungan” (Justice Watch) which focuses on crime prevention and
the criminal justice system. It is aired every Friday from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon over
The 11th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice held in 2005
reported that Miguel Coronel, Major General of the Police and Commissioner of the
1994. It forms part of the holistic National Anti-Crime Strategy which is now included in
the National Crime Prevention Programme adopted in 2004. He emphasizes that the
COPS programme is 'people-powered', and uses the example of one of the first projects to
illustrate its strengths. Following the restoration of democracy in 1986, a pilot initiative
stations at the local level, and modelled on the Japanese 'Koban' system. The project
developed very strong police - community links at the local level which have continued
to grow and been sustained over a period of 18 years. The COPS system is built on
The Handbook on the Crime Prevention Guidelines (2005): reported that the
Institute for Strategic and Development Studies (ISDS), Inc. is currently undertaking the
Second Phase of the Developing a Security Sector Reform Index (SSRI) in the
Philippines: Towards Conflict Prevention and Peace-Building, through the support of the
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Conflict Prevention and Peace-
Building (CPPB) Programme. For 2006, this project aims to pilot-test the draft SSRI and
to assess security sector reform (SSR) for the Philippines. This was based on the explicit
Furthermore, the 2005 Philippine Human Development Report (p. 50) and Waging Peace
Conference held last December underscored the significance of instituting SSR in order
to find a just, peaceful, and lasting resolution to the country’s lingering internal conflicts.
democratic consolidation and good governance. Together with project consultants from
ISDS, OPAIFCR was able to generate a set of empirically verifiable indicators from
different security sector institutions (core security forces, security management and
oversight bodies, law and enforcement agencies, and societal groups). Composed of
reform efforts and initiatives; and indicators related to peace building. The proposed
SSRI was also subjected to various validation meetings from the abovementioned SSR
actors. Twelve (12) consultative meetings were conducted primarily from different
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
military camps across the country to solicit comments and feedback for the improvement
of the SSRI.
Local Studies
The following are local studies (thesis, researches, special studies, expert
Program in Baguio.” The study revealed that the barangays of Baguio City with Zero or
very low crime rate practice some of the best practices of crime prevention while the
barangays with high crime rate practice the traditional way of preventing crimes. Some
agency and their guards. The study also reveals that some best practices identified include
strategically install Close Circuit Cameras (CCTV), and regular and intensive
coordination among barangay officials, police, and volunteer groups in fight against
criminality.
strategies against street crimes in Bicol Region” reveals that the Regional Police in Bicol
should exert more effort by mobilizing the community, keeping the community informed
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
of the crime situation on the modus operandi of criminals, and for the local government
to allocate more funds for the police stations purposely for crime prevention programs.
Kiunisala, et al (2004) as cited by Gubatan (2011) stated in their study that the
effects of crime prevention campaign and leadership styles of the eight police precinct
chiefs of General Santos City Police Office on crime rate, crime solution efficiency and
community support and involvement in crime prevention and control in General Santos
City for 2000- 2002. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics. Both
commissioned and non-commissioned police officers as well as public officials were the
Eastern Police District,” found out the following: 1) police visibility and intensifying the
anti-criminality and security operations are effective to prevent crimes, 2) there should be
the increase of budget allocation, 3) attention must be given to force multipliers. This
study was prepared to enhance the PIPS of the Eastern Police District.
As Timpac (2011) stated in his thesis, crime prevention in any public or privately
based initiative or policy aimed at reducing or eliminating criminal behavior and violence
in the community.
Fernandez (2001) as cited by Gubatan (2011) focused on the major changes in the
PNP towards the achievement of its “Moral Recovery Program”. This could enhance the
image of the police to gain the confidence of the public. This study helped build the
image of police organization and it cascades to the personnel of the Baguio City Police
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Office. Based on the result of this study, the PNP’s knowledge on community-oriented
policing system is the change in behavior and attitudes that envision the following: 1)
Improved police-community relations hinged on the notion that community should not
fear the police so that the PNP image will improve; 2) Since the community now trusts
the people, crime reporting will improve; 3) The community will then have a feeling of
safety and security because policing becomes everybody’s concern; and 4) When the
community and the police work in partnership, opportunities to commit criminal acts will
be reduced, hence, crime volume and crime rate will drastically go down, and a peaceful
Padua says that police facilities and equipment considerations should be made a
establishing multi-agency anti-crime task forces is now a well-discussed area in the field
of police administration and policing and must always be given its due importance in the
modernization of the police as a prime crime fighter. He indicated that police equipment
is classified into two (2): individual equipment and organizational equipment. Individual
equipment is that equipment considered as issued to and used by individual police officer
while in the performance of his duties. The application of this definition varies with the
organizational equipment are generally those that are not issued to an individual police
officer and could be used by any authorized or qualified member of the organization.
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In the consideration and choice of equipment, various areas or aspects must be
them after the act has been committed. He further stated that in the Philippines, crime
solution has received much more attention than crime prevention. He elucidates this in
criminality in the Province of Cagayan. The results of his study yielded the conclusions
strategic plans sensitive to local needs, organizational development and change and
budgetary requirements and support are highly effective in preventing and reducing crime
Strategy” reveals that Calamba City Police Station made use of Police Integrated Patrol
System, Police Barangay Ugnayan, Day and Night Checkpoint, Utilization of Force
recommendations were the following: 1) there is a need for Calamba City Police Station
to deploy additional personnel to cover all crime prone areas, 2) there is a need to sustain
PNP shall ensure maximum participation of the barangay and community in maintaining
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
peace and order, 4) provision of adequate number of vehicles to be used in order to
sustain the 24 hours checkpoints, 5) the need to establish a joint police and force
proliferation of vagrants in Calamba City, and 7) Calamba City Police Station should
strengthen coordination with other concerned government agencies to fight the menace of
prostitution.
crime prevention, a Presidential Proclamation No. 461 dated August 31, 1994 was
declared every first week of September every year as national crime prevention week.
prevention. During one celebration of the crime prevention week with a theme “Sa Crime
importance of peace and love which starts in the family which eventually spread to the
community as instrument in winning the fight against crime. The roles of family and the
Bergonio (2010) in his study on the effectiveness of the Manila Police District
mobile patrol operations in the City of Manila determined the same in terms of Beat
Patrol System, sustaining night watch operations, crime deterrence and police barangay
ugnayan, the problems encountered in its implementation and the measures to address
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these problems. Based on his analysis, he concluded that mobile patrol operations in the
City of Manila boils down to an observed lack or inadequate police presence or visibility
in the communities which is also related to the limited manpower and equipment of the
mobile patrol unit. Moreover, he concluded that the inadequacy of police elements on the
ground is attributed to the shift in police philosophy and strategy from “precinct-based,
special units competing with territorial police formations for meager personnel and
material resources of the PNP. He also indicated in his study that while the role of said
specialized police units and other accomplishments are well-recognized, there should also
units to provide maximum police presence at precinct level and visibility on the beat.
The related literatures and studies have something to do with the current study on
Police Integrated Patrol System or popularly called PIPS being implemented in Dagupan
City. Basically the literatures and studies talk all about crime prevention. Some literatures
least minimize societal effect. On the other hand, foreign and local studies differ slightly
as to the strategies in crime prevention. Most crime prevention strategies being used by
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the Philippine National Police (PNP) today is/are adopted from best practices from other
countries.
of the crime prevention strategies in a given locality. While this study recognizes
prevention, it also looked into other areas as well in order to create a holistic approach in
crime prevention.
perceptions focused on the need to improve police-community relations which may result
from a better knowledge of victimization experiences and will lead to an increased use of
the framework of crime prevention programs. These literatures focused on the perception
of the community regarding crime prevention, which is only one of the facets of this
this study as it employs the same principle set forth by this study, which is the effect of
environment for breeding criminality and how it affects crime prevention efforts of the
law enforcement agencies. However, it lacks other factors such as the role of the
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
Gottfredson, et al focused on the effect of crime in society in general, and
provided the analysis for preventing crime. Their study provided significant inputs on the
approach of this study, such as the role of the community and law enforcement agencies
intervention and issues are really that observable and has something to do with crime
prevention implementation.
Braga’s study focused on high impact areas where crime commonly occurs, and
this gave significant input on the premise of this study. This study, on the other hand, did
not only focused on the crime-prone areas in Dagupan City but on the overall crime
situation as well.
programs being implemented by police and barangay officials but concentrated only on
police-community partnership. This study has a similarity of the current study being
conducted on PIPS.
The study of Skogan and Frydl’s, looked into the effects of crime prevention
strategies and the statistics generated from these strategies. This study also provided the
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
perception of the respondents on the overall effect of crime strategies. This is one of the
whole. This study further took additional steps on finding out how effective these
programs as perceived by the police personnel, local officials and community members.
The five-year master plan by Ramos on peace and order outlined the
government’s effort in crime prevention. This is also congruent and still being adopted by
the Philippine National Police in its crime prevention programs. As a forefront unit of the
PNP, This is similar to the contents of the master plan of Dagupan City Police Station.
prevention strategies and its effect to the implementers and recipient of the program on
crime prevention. The City of San Fernando and City of Dagupan are similar as to
The 11th UN Congress report on crime prevention cited Bacolod City as pilot
initiative with decentralized community-based police stations which adopted the Japanese
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
“Koban” system and provided perspective on the study of Dagupan City. In addition, this
study looked into the effectiveness in implementing its crime prevention strategy.
sector governance in the Philippines, which covers all aspects of crime prevention and
solution in the country. It fails to evaluate, however, the specific crime prevention
strategies and the localities which have best practices effort on crime prevention. This
study tried to fill the gap in determining what is effective in crime prevention in a given
The book of Vicente (2013) was used to describe some fundamentals of crime as
to the elements and anatomy of crime. This is basically accepted wherein if one element
is not present no crime to talk about. The elements are intent, opportunity and
instrumentality.
The study of Fernandez (2011) delved on the major changes in the PNP towards
the achievement of its “Moral Recovery Program”. This could enhance the image of the
police to gain the confidence of the public. This is very important as foundation of every
police station in all levels. Dagupan City Police Station is not exempted to this, if police
are spiritually taught, they shall deliver what needs to be delivered to the community.
principles of policing which is still applicable today which is similar to the subject of this
study on crime prevention. His principle that the public must be willing to cooperate in
crime prevention is also the tenor of this study. However, his study need to further show
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the specific type of community because each community is peculiar and has its own
study, as it analyzed the variables related to crime prevention strategy such as integrated
police patrol, barangay ugnayan and day and night checkpoint. However, he added other
variables such as Utilization of Force Multipliers and OPLAN Magdalena which is not
being implemented in other cities. This practice is also implemented in Dagupan City.
Rafael’s and Bergonio’s studies likewise delved only on several facets of crime
prevention such as mobile patrol and police community participation. This study focused
on the overall crime strategy as it relates to the existing crime condition of Dagupan City.
Based on the theories and proposals cited in the study, the researcher viewed and
encountered along the way of implementation by the Dagupan City Police Station.
The citations above are good backgrounder to the researcher that can be used
during corroboration of findings of the study. The above related studies were also an eye-
opener for this researcher for coming up with action plan on crime prevention in Dagupan
City.
The researcher attempted to define the present situation of crime in Dagupan City,
describe some problems being experienced, describe some focus areas of concerns, and
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, data gathering instruments and
procedures, sources of data, and statistical treatment of data that were used in the study.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive research method through mixed method of
approach of research that involves quantitative and qualitative means of gathering data.
This method involved the collection of data in order to answer the questions regarding
implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focus Areas by the
is a process of gathering, analyzing and tabulating data about the prevailing conditions,
practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause and effect relationships and then making
adequate interpretation about such data. It also includes studies that seek to present facts
concerning the status of anything, group, acts, conditions and any other phenomenon.
mainly to describe contemporary events, and that the research questions and problems are
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Also, documentary analysis by analyzing the records on the reported crimes of the
city and was used to determine the locations of the crimes reported.
The data gathered were compiled, indexed, collated, and reviewed preparatory for
defense and proper presentation together with the appropriate analysis and interpretation.
Sources of Data
This study made use both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary
data came from the duly accomplished questionnaire of the respondents and documents
gathered by the researcher from the Dagupan City Police Station, while the secondary
data came from books, periodicals and other sources used by the researcher to guide and
The respondents of the study were chosen through random sampling. In the case
of community residents, random sampling was applied since those who are directly
affected by PIPS were the ones considered. Subjects were deliberately selected from a
variety of levels or types of population in Dagupan City and the barangays it covers.
There were three (3) groups of respondents such as 88 PNP personnel out of 95,
70 barangay officials/force multipliers out of 143, and 70 out of 4,278 selected residents
with a total of 228. On the part of the resident respondents, they were properly selected,
only those who have knowledge and involvement on crime prevention were involved.
Table I presents the distribution of the respondents according to age. In the PNP
personnel of Station 7 respondent group, result indicates that most of the participants of
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the study belong to the age bracket of 31-40, corresponding to 35 or 39.77 percent of the
sample group since most of the young officers are assigned in the beat patrol. The age
group of 41-50 years old had the second highest number of respondents, equivalent to 23
or 26.14 percent since they are the next in rank and supervisors of those in the beat patrol.
It was followed by age bracket 21-30 with 18 respondents or 20.45 percent since this are
the newly assigned PNP personnel after serving their tour of duty from the mobile group
units.
Table I
Years Multiplier
F P F P F P F P
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The lowest number belongs to above 51 years of age group with 12 or 13.64
percent since they are the shift supervisors of the beat patrollers.
For the Barangay Officials/ Force Multipliers of the barangay within the Central
Business District area, a total of 28 respondents or 40 percent was observed in the age
above 50 years old, which covered the highest number of respondents in the age bracket
since majority of the barangay official and volunteer barangay workers are retired
employee respected elders in the community. It was followed by age bracket 31-40 years
old with 18 respondents or 25.71 percent. It was closely followed by the age bracket of
41-50 years old with 16 respondents or 22.86 percent. The lowest belongs to the age
according to gender. Overall, there were 170 males or equivalent to 75%, while 58 are
As a whole most of the respondents are male since only ten percent of the total
strength of the PNP are female, majority of the barangay officials and force multiplier are
male and majority of the residents who responded on the survey were male who are often
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Table II
F P F P F P F P
Table III
F P F P F P F P
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Table III presents the frequency distribution of respondents according to civil
status. As a whole, 176 or 77.2 percent of the respondents are married. Fifty-two (52) or
22.8% were singles since most people got married before they reach the age of 30.
Further, from the PNP personnel group, majority of them are married. The
respondents from community, majority are married. To sum up, majority of the
attainment. There are 174 or 76 percent of respondents are college level/graduates. This
Barangay officials and force multipliers including those in the business sectors are
college graduates since education in Dagupan City is accessible as the center of education
in the cordillera region. The residents who participated in the study were found to be
college level/graduates.
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Table IV
Attainment Multiplier
F P F P F P F P
level/Graduate
Level/Graduate
Units/Degree
Units/Degree
college able to finish college education or at least reached college level. It was followed
by high school level or graduates. Only nine (9) are masters graduates or at least enrolled
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in any master’s program and only one (1) was able to finish doctorate degree or at least
with units.
This only shows that all police are educationally qualified but are not interested to
pursue their graduate studies. On the part of the barangay officials/force multipliers, also
all are qualified as to educational attainment considering that the constitution only
requires, “able to read and write.” Similarly the participating residents’ points to the
from the respondents. The first part of the questionnaire gathered the profile of the
respondents, second part gathered the data on the level of implementation of the Police
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS), third part elucidated data on the problems encountered
in the implementation of the PIPS, and fourth part gathered the responses of the
respondents on their proposals to address the problems that were identified along
Documentary Analysis. This tool was used by the researcher in order to record
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Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher followed the ethical procedures in conducting research. First, the
researcher proposed his title, once approved, the researcher seek approval of the
authorities of National Police College and to the Chief of Police of the Dagupan City
Police Station; and to the Punong Barangays of the barangays for the conduct of the
study.
questionnaires, the researcher explained some indicators in the questionnaires which were
questionnaire in some areas but also returned within a specified time by the
respondent/group of respondents.
After retrieval, the researcher collated, tallied, and analyzed the data gathered in
In analyzing and evaluating the data that were obtained from the survey, the
statistical data analytical tools was utilized that comprised of the following: 1) percentage
the five-point Likert scale was used, 4) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and F-test
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General Tinio Campus, Cabanatuan City
Percentage Distribution. This was used in analyzing the data pertaining to the
demographic profile of the respondents, in computing the sample size among others. The
f
% = ----- x 100
N
Where:
% - Percentage of responses
100 – Constant
advantages such as the mean. The obtained weighted mean is an advantage of all the
scores by the three groups of respondents. The formula for the computation of weighted
mean is as follows:
X = ∑ f (w)
N
Where:
∑ - Summation
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Descriptive Evaluation Scale. A 5-point scale patterned after the Likert’s scale
was used as a tool in making a descriptive evaluation of the quantitative data obtained
Hypothesis Testing. Since there was three (3) groups of respondents that were
involved in the study, the F-test on non-significant difference was applied using 0.5%
MSb
F = --------------
MSw
Where:
F – F-test
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Chapter 4
This chapter of research presents the significant findings of the study. The
statistical data were presented through tables followed by its statistical descriptions,
This chapter answers the assessment, problems encountered, and measures that
can be proposed on the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS)
Focused Area relative to the elements of crime such as intent and motive; opportunity;
and instrumentality. All these were perceived by the three groups of respondents such as
Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area According to Intent and Motive as one of the
elements of crime.
The DCPS personnel group gave the highest rating to the indicator “Implements
Oplan “Tambuli” where residents are given information by police with the use of
megaphone” with a mean of 4.22, interpreted as “Highly Implemented.” The rest of the
indicators were rated by the DCPS personnel group with different means but with the
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The police respondents from DCPS provided the lowest rate for the indicator
“Uses radio and television programs to explain crime prevention programs,” with a
order to eliminate the element of intent and motive, there is a need to inform the
community with crime prevention tips by reminding them every now and then through
be very careful with their things and be very vigilant as they do variety of activities.
Another reason why use of radio and television programs to explain crime prevention
programs is that majority of the victims are visitors who may not be able to watch the
local television news or hear local radio program that explain why the respondents from
PNP to visible outpost manned by police and/or barangay officials” was rated the
highest with numerical rating of 3.97, while the lowest rated indicator was “Facilitates
the distribution of flyers, slogans, and posters on crime prevention tips to residents and
“Implemented.” This shows that some barangays have outpost where barangay officials
and participating police may station themselves during tour of duty but as observed by
the researcher and as commented by some barangay officials, they don’t have due to their
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The community residents group of respondents provided the highest ratings for
two indicators such as “Uses radio and television programs to explain crime prevention
programs” and “Deploys PNP to visible outpost manned by police and/or barangay
indicator that obtained the lowest numerical rating was the “Implements Oplan
“Tambuli” where residents are given information by police with the use of megaphone,”
prevention information should be intensified through the use of media. As observed from
the table, three (3) indicators were interpreted to be “Implemented” while the other four
Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive as element of crime as
the three groups of respondents, the highest rated indicator was the “Deployment of police
to visible outpost manned by police and/or barangay officials” with mean of 3.93,
interpreted as “implemented.” This implies that the police personnel assigned at Dagupan
City Police Station (DCPS) are following the mandate of the national headquarters of the
PNP on police presence instead of police visibility. Considering that police visibility and
presence is required now a days, this is very much observed in order to create a message
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to the public of the presence of uniformed personnel in areas considered as crime prone
places. The focus areas as mentioned in this study is referring to the identified crime
prone barangays based on the crime rate in a given period of time. The lowest rated
indicator was the “Sees to it that selling of pornographic materials are prohibited in
stores and other establishments.” This indicator obtained a mean rating of 3.41
commit crime.
indicator was on the “Implementation of Oplan “Tambuli” where residents are informed
of useful information by police with the use of megaphone” which was rated 4.22. Aside
from this indicator, the rest were rated and interpreted to be “Implemented.” The
assessment of the respondents coincides with the observation of the researcher where
police are observed to be very active in patrolling the central business district of Dagupan
City especially during big events like festivals with parades and graduations of
One significant observation from the table is on the indicator “Deploys PNP to
visible outpost manned by police and/or barangay officials” which was rated consistently
by the three (3) groups of respondents to be highest as indicate by their means of 4.20,
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Table V
Legend:
5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Implemented (HI) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Implemented (I) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Implemented (MI) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Implemented (LI) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Implemented (NI)
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In relation to the findings above, according to a Punong Barangay, the police are
only seen during peak hours patrolling the streets. A resident also stated that barangay
officials go with the police in uniform during patrolling. According to Garcia (2015), foot
patrolling is the best means to prevent commission of crimes since officers are there
streets of Dagupan City. This is observed especially during night time. This may
On the issue of selling pornographic materials, police respondents said that they
usually coordinate with the Optical Media Board (OMB) for any case relating to DVD or
1.2 Opportunity
Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area According to Opportunity as one of the elements of
crime.
interpreted as “Implemented.” The highest rate indicator by this group was the “Observes
deployment of personnel to identified hot spot areas following the “crime clock” of GIS-
BCA,” with a mean rating of 4.15, interpreted as “Implemented.” The indicator “Utilizes
vendor clearing on streets and sidewalks,” obtained the lowest mean of 3.59, interpreted
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as “Implemented.” This implies that the police personnel of DCPS are doing its best in
the implementation of the PIPS in Dagupan City. This also confirms the activities of the
DCPS personnel of really doing its best in maintaining peace and order in the City of
Dagupan.
On the part of Barangay Officials/ Force Multipliers’ group, the overall weighted
mean was 3.61, Interpreted as “Implemented.” The indicator that obtained the highest
mean was ““Observes deployment of personnel to identified hot spot areas following the
indicator “Provides seminars in schools and other establishments” obtained the lowest
mean rating of 3.44, interpreted as “Implemented.” As gleaned from table 10, all the
indicators were rated differently but obtained the same verbal interpretation of
“Implemented.”
“Moderately Implemented.” The highest rated indicator were the “Observes deployment
of personnel to identified hot spot areas following the “crime clock” of GIS-BCA” and
“Observes profiling of in and out criminals.” These two indicators were both rated 3.43,
interpreted as “Implemented.” The indicator that obtained the lowest rating was
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perceived by the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the Community
resident had a mean response of 3.54, interpreted as “Implemented.” The highest mean
deployment of personnel to identified hot spot areas following the “crime clock” of GIS-
BCA,” while the lowest mean obtained was 3.38, interpreted as “Moderately
relative to preventing crimes. This implies that the DCPS is systematic and scientific in
identifying places of deployment of its personnel. This further implied that DCPS
personnel are compliant to basic procedures of crime prevention. This also implies that
hot spot places are priorities to be manned by uniformed personnel and other volunteer
groups. The utilization of vendors clearing on streets and sidewalks relative to preventing
crimes got the lowest mean indicates that the Public Order and Safety Office (POSO) are
The DCPS personnel group and Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers group have
indicates that police and barangay officials and force multipliers are implementers of
laws and ordinances while residents are mere observants and/or reporters to violations of
such.
According to Allan (2013), the integration of GIS in the police integrated patrol
system was regarded as effective in the areas of crime prevention program, police
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integrated patrol system and community involvement. The community involvement was
Table VI
Legend:
5 4.20 – 5.00 Highly Implemented (HI) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Implemented (I) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Implemented (MI) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Implemented (LI) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Implemented (NI)
System (GIS) in the Police Integrated Patrol System towards a more effective Crime
Management in the City of Baguio,” recommends that annual budget must be included in
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the City Budget for the procurement of equipment and other administrative and logistical
unattended, walking along dark streets and/or places, dressing oneself inappropriately
sexy with unusually showing of skin. All these may invite would be criminals to commit
an illegal act.
The creation of the Public Order and Safety Office (POSO) under the Office of
the City Mayor is responsible in addressing illegal vendors. The city allowed a night
market for those small time businessmen to display and sell their goods that address the
problem on illegal vendors that often causes congestion in sidewalks and overpasses.
1.3 Instrumentality
Table VII presents the Assessment on the Implementation of the Police Integrated
Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area According to Instrumentality as one of the elements
of crime.
from table 11, all the indicators were rated by the DCPS personnel as “Implemented.”
However, the highest rated indicator was “Facilitates for the arrest and prosecution of
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suspect/s and charged individuals through police quick response and proper
investigation,” rated as 4.16, and the lowest rated indicator was “Monitors ATM
compounds through police installed CCTVs and police presence,” which obtained a
of Liquor ban during special occasions and events” obtained the highest mean from the
obtained the lowest overall weighted mean was “The indicator “Enforces the prohibition
of drinking of intoxicating liquors along streets/roads, public places like parks, parking
On the other hand, the third group of respondents, the Community Residents gave
“Enforces the implementation of Liquor ban during special occasions and events”
obtained the highest overall weighted mean of 3.90, interpreted as “Implemented.” While
the indicator “Monitors ATM compounds through police installed CCTVs and police
This implies that the residents give more consideration in the control of liquors in order
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Table VII
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Overall, the level of assessment on the implementation of the Police Integrated
perceived by the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the Community
resident had a mean response of 3.58, interpreted as “Implemented.” The indicator “The
implementation of Liquor ban during special occasions and events” is the most observed
indicator “Monitors ATM compounds through police installed CCTVs and police
Implemented.”
There are three (3) indicators which were found to be “Implemented,” to include
occasions and events,” and “Facilitates for the arrest and prosecution of suspect/s and
charged individuals through police quick response and proper investigation.”This will
tell that the three (3) groups of respondents agree that these indicators are effective means
of eliminating the element of Instrumentality that includes the capability of the criminal
to commit crime as well as possession of any item that maybe used in committing a
crime.
In the opinion of the researcher, liquor ban is a big help in the prevention of
crimes based on the assessment of the three groups of respondents is an issue that needs
to be addressed. This is observed in the Central Business District (CBD) of Dagupan City
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where such measure is implemented. This would give warning to all owners and clients
of night clubs, disco houses and bars to remind their clients not to bring contraband inside
the establishment.
police and barangay officials of enforcing liquor ban, there are a lot of barangays where
Considering that ATMs are private in nature, being owned by banks, the
respective banks have the responsibility of protecting their ATM machine. But on the
side the police, they have still the responsibility of protecting the ATM compound
Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area of Dagupan City Police Station
“Implemented.” The overall weighted mean for Barangay Officials and Force Multipliers
On the part of the community residents, the computed overall weighted mean was
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gleaned that police and barangay officials have the same responses while the community
Table VIII
It is evident that the computed group weighted means of both DCPS personnel
and Barangay Officials and Force Multipliers have the same verbal interpretation of
“Implemented,” while for the community residents group poses different verbal
interpretation. This implies that the residents have different perspective in evaluating the
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Significantly, all the three variables were rated by the community residents to be
“Moderately Implemented” while the other two groups – DCPS personnel and Barangay
interpreted that the community residents have different perspective on how they assess
the crime prevention in Dagupan City. On the part of the police and barangay
officials/force multipliers, since they are the front liners in the implementation, it is but
Comparing the variables’ means, the element of Intent and Motive has an overall
weighted mean of 3.66, Opportunity has 3.54, and Instrumentality got a mean rating of
3.58, all with verbal interpretation as “Implemented,” though with different means. The
computed overall mean rating for the three variables is 3.59, also interpreted as
“Implemented.” This shows that though, the community residents have different ratings,
the overall result on the implementation of the PIPS by the Dagupan City Police Station
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area According to Intent and Motive.
“Moderately Serious.” The indicator “Some barangay officials have no and/or very
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minimal number of barangay tanods” was highest rated by the respondents with 3.35,
The indicators “DCPS has no regular media program for crime prevention
program dissemination” and “Some barangay officials have no and/or very minimal
number of barangay tanods.”This shows that the number of barangay tanods from the
different barangays are important as multipliers to the number of police forces. Since
some barangays have very limited (2, 3 or 4) number of appointed barangay tanod, this
overall weighted mean of 3.29, interpreted as “Moderately Serious.” The highest mean
obtained was 3.50, interpreted as “Serious,” and this goes to the indicator that states
“Some barangays have no outpost for police and/or barangay officials” while the lowest
mean computed was 3.03, interpreted as “Moderately Serious” goes with the indicator
“Lack materials on crime prevention posters and flyers.”The results indicate that the
barangays must have to participate with the police by creating outpost for police and
barangay tanods to use while on duty, especially night time. This is a problem where it
boils down to lack of budget, not only of a barangay but of the City government of
Dagupan.
On the part of the Community Residents, all the indicators were provided with
different ratings but with the same verbal interpretation of “Moderately Serious,” which
is the highest rated indicator “DCPS has no regular media program for crime prevention
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program dissemination” with a mean of 3.47, interpreted as “Serious.” The indicators
“Lack of materials on crime prevention posters and flyers” and “Conduct of patrolling of
police and barangay officials is not synchronized” were rated 3.0, interpreted as
“Moderately Serious.” The overall weighted mean of the Community Residents was 3.16,
criminals, it was assessed by the respondents that the public should be informed by
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive as element of
crime as perceived by the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the
Serious.”Based from the problem responses, the indicator that obtained the highest mean
was on the “Absence of regular media program of DCPS for crime prevention program
dissemination.” This was rated 3.36, interpreted as “Moderately Serious.” On the other
hand, two indicators were rated lowest. These include “lack of materials on crime
prevention posters and flyers” and “pornographic materials are flagrantly displayed
along streets in the CBD of Dagupan” obtained the weighted mean of 2.96, also
interpreted as “moderately serious.” This shows that DCPS does not believe in the
positive contribution of flyers and posters on crime prevention program. It further implies
that DCPS is tolerating display of believed to be pornographic materials along streets and
roads.
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Considering all indicators, it is noticed that only two (2) indicators were
interpreted to be “Serious,” and the rest of the indicators were rated by the three (3)
groups of respondents to be “Moderately Serious.” The two (2) indicators which were
rated “Serious” are “DCPS has no regular media program for crime prevention program
dissemination” by the community residents, and “Some barangays have no outpost for
the personnel, DCPS is attending to radio station programs of different stations. The only
problem is that time allotted is not enough for the guest or speaker to discuss all details of
crime prevention program of the DCPS and some barangays. Aside from Radio Programs
One of the identified problems of the DCPS is lack of materials such as posters
and flyers regarding crime prevention. This goes to the lack of budget as it may affect
drug education, crime prevention and community awareness as well as traffic directions.
Some universities and colleges are participating in utilizing their Civic Welfare Training
Service (CWTS) students in making posters and slogans on crime prevention and the like.
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Table IX
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Very Serious (VS) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious (S) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious (LS) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious (NS)
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On pornographic materials issue, it is observed that some major streets and roads
inside CBD of the City are being occupied by smalltime CD/DVD vendors that include
by many differently, it may mean “any material that contain nude picture or video that
may negatively affect or arouse another that may lead him/her in committing similar act.”
To artists, nude pictures done with art are just “arts,” to some it’s pornographic.
2.2 Opportunity
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area According to Opportunity as one of the
elements of crime.
The DCPS personnel group perceived the level of problems encountered in the
implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to
Serious.” The indicator “Some crucial areas are not installed with CCTV” obtained a
solution of DCPS how to deal with vendors” obtained the lowest mean of 2.83,
interpreted as “Moderately Serious.” The assessment showed that police value CCTVs as
interpreted as “Moderately Serious.” As gleaned from the table, three indicators were
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rated “Serious. The indicators are “Lack of personnel to be deployed in identified hot spot
area 24/7,” “Not all schools and students are reached for crime prevention
dissemination,” and “Most arrested persons are minors, they are released to the DSWD
The indicator that obtained the highest mean was the “Most arrested persons are
minors, they are released to the DSWD for proper disposition,” with 3.70, interpreted as
“Serious,” and the indicator that obtained the lowest mean was “Curfew is not
implemented considering that Dagupan is a highly urbanized city,” with 3.31 which
gives a verbal interpretation of “Moderately Serious.” The findings imply that since it is
given that there is lack of police officers as implementers, not all learning institutions are
reached to conduct crime prevention activities. Considering that the City of Dagupan is
highly populated with several business establishments, curfew is hard to implement since
people have valid excuses. These are some situations that affect the crime prevention
measures being advocated by police and barangay officials as well as other force
multipliers.
As per the Community Residents of Dagupan City, they gave an overall weighted
mean rating of 3.45, interpreted as “Serious.” The indicator that obtained the highest
rating was ““Some crucial areas are not installed with CCTV” with numerical rating of
considering that Dagupan is a highly urbanized city” obtained the lowest mean of 3.17,
interpreted as “Moderately Serious.” The results herein cited confirms the result under
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the first two groups of respondents where some places are not installed with CCTVs to
Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to opportunity as element
of crime as perceived by the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the
Serious.”The indicator “Some crucial areas are not installed with CCTV” was rated
highest obtaining the weighted mean of 3.66, interpreted as “Serious.” This shows that
installation of CCTV is a main concern. This helps in getting information for crimes
committed without witness. The indicator “There’s no permanent solution of DCPS how
to deal with vendors” obtained the lowest mean of 3.07, interpreted as “Moderately
Serious.” This means that DCPS must come up with a strategic plan to regulate, if not to
The three (3) groups of respondents found two (2) indicators to be consistent in
their interpretation, that points out to “Many streets/roads which are crime prone places
are still with no street lights installed” and “Curfew is not implemented considering that
Serious.” With this assessment of the respondents, they pointed out that in order to
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The researcher, in his observation, CCTVs are a great help to investigators
especially when no witness is willing or available. CCTV recordings are expert witness
Some barangays have their own CCTV installed near their respective barangay
vendors are rampant, sometimes arrested, sometimes tolerated, and sometimes, ignored
by law enforcers.
streets and roads are those small time vendors of vegetables and assorted items including
but not limited to fruits, fishes, mobile phone related gadgets, etc.
business sites for these vendors for them not to vend along areas prohibited.
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Table X
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Very Serious (VS) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious (S) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious (LS) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious (NS)
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2.3 Instrumentality
This was answered by a City official saying “Public Market is provided for the
the city is has given time for interested vendors to apply. Likewise, the so-called “night
market” was conceptualize for the community. This would ease the problem for vending
Patrol System (PIPS) in Baguio City, the PNP personnel gave an overall weighted mean
of 3.04 which means “Moderately Serious.” The highest mean was 3.17, interpreted as
“Moderately Serious,” for the indicator “Security survey is not a requirement for getting
or renewing permit.” The lowest mean obtained was 2.87 which means “Moderately
Serious.” It is significantly observed that all the indicators were rated by the police
conducted in all barangays” obtained the highest mean of 3.60, interpreted as “Serious,”
while the indicator “Lack of trained personnel and resources for patrolling,” was rated
3.27 which means “Moderately Serious.” This shows that as seen by the barangay
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officials, the conduct of checkpoints and related activities are very helpful in preventing
crimes as. This goes to one of the theories of this study, the “theory of omnipresence,”
wherein presence of uniformed police in a certain place may discourage one to commit a
crime.
For the Community Residents, the computed overall weighted mean was 3.46
which means “Serious.” Considering the indicators, the respondents rated two indicators
to be “Moderately Serious,” and the rest are “Serious.” The indicator “Many shops/stores
are selling intoxicating liquors despite not covered by their permit” obtained the highest
mean of 3.79 which means “Serious,” while the indicator “Interventions of politicians
and other government and private” was given by the respondents with the lowest rating
of 2.93 which means “Moderately Serious.” This shows that shops or many people call as
“stores” are contributory to Instrumentalities in the sense that when people are under the
implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to
Officials/Force Multipliers and the Community residents had a mean response of 3.30,
interpreted as “Moderately Serious.”The indicator that obtained the highest mean was on
“the presence of many shops/stores that are selling intoxicating liquors despite not
lowest mean obtained was 3.07, interpreted as “Moderately Serious” was the
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interventions of politicians and other government and private employees. This shows that
politicians and private employees intervene to some cases where their relatives or friends
are involved. This further means that ideal implementation of ordinances and/or laws
must be enhanced.
All the problem indicators were rated by the DCPS personnel as “Moderately
group provided similar interpretation by rating five (5) indicators as “Serious” and two
(2) as “Moderately Serious.” In this category, the police personnel have different
perception in the sense that they are the ones implementing almost all efforts and
activities in preventing crimes while the support group includes the barangay
This is the reason why police have different assessment compared with the assessments
Relative to the findings, the researcher presumed that due to the dense population
of Dagupan City made the full control of intoxicating liquor difficult. With the bulk of
business establishments inside and outside the business districts of the city, some
sell intoxicating liquor because we have been doing the same but we were not accosted or
demanded to stop.” Since we are renewing our permit, we are allowed to sell what we
want to our co-residents, this would be a great help for them also.”
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In the opinion of the researcher as resident of Dagupan City, public officials are
very cooperative with the police in their campaign against crime. Some activities of the
police in crime prevention are being shouldered by some public offices for the program to
be continued.
Table XI
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Very Serious (VS) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious (S) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious (LS) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious (NS)
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1.4 Summary of the Problems Encountered on the Implementation of Police
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area of Dagupan City Police
Station
officials and force multipliers recorded a mean of 3.35, and the community residents got
The three variables were also rated with different means but the same verbal
interpretation. The element of Intent and Motive got an overall mean of 3.17, Opportunity
got 3.34, and Instrumentality has 3.28, all are interpreted as “Moderately Serious.”
On the part of community residents, under the variable Opportunity, this was
rated as 3.45, interpreted as “Serious.” This is the only variable rated and interpreted as
such.
The computed overall mean for the problems encountered by the respondents in
“Moderately Serious.” This implies that regardless of the group of respondents, with
different mean ratings, the respondents still encounter hindrances and resistance or non-
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Table XI
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Very Serious (VS) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious (S) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious (LS) GM – Group Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Serious (NS)
Table XII presents the measures that can be proposed to address the problems
encountered in the Implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) focused
The police personnel of DCPS as one of the groups of respondents gave an overall
weighted mean of 4.25 which indicates “Highly Recommended.” As gleaned from table
17, the only indicator which was rated “Recommended” was the “DCPS must create a
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regular radio time and/or create regular articles in print media,” and the rest of the
indicators were rated as “Highly Recommended.” To show more details, the highest
mean obtained was 4.28 (Highly Recommended) for the indicator “Provides seminars
and trainings on crime prevention and intervention are regularly conducted among
barangay officials, force multipliers and residents,” while the indicator “DCPS must
create a regular radio time and/or create regular articles in print media,” obtained the
The findings show that in order to eliminate intent and motive as element of
crime, seminars must be regularly conducted to instill into the minds of implementers the
value of information towards preventing crimes. This further means that all means of
informing the public on the crime prevention tips and measures must be undertaken
through the use of social media, posters and all kinds of media.
shown in Table XII, the computed overall weighted mean given by this group of
respondents was 4.07 that indicates a verbal interpretation of “Recommended.” The only
indicator that was rated and interpreted to be “Highly Recommended” and the highest
was the “Police and barangay should make prior coordination to synchronize their
weighted mean of 4.23, while the indicator “Educate the barangays on the required no of
tanods and BPATS as provided under the Local Government Code” obtained the lowest
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The above findings imply that in order to come-up with excellent results of
chokepoints.
As to the Community Residents, the computed overall weighted mean was 4.22
which means “Highly Recommended.” Looking into the indicators, the highest mean
obtained was 4.30, interpreted as “Highly Recommended,” for the indicator “Educate the
barangays on the required no of tanods and BPATS as provided under the Local
Government Code” and the lowest mean was 4.07 which means “Recommended” is for
the indicator “Displays crime prevention materials such as tarpaulin, posters and flyers
to be posted in strategic places and distributed to the public.” These indicate that
educating the community is must in order for them to understand how to eliminate intent
understand crime and its elements, they will learn how to prevent it. If the residents are
able to prevent crimes, this is a plus factor on the part of the police and officials.
effectively prevent the commission of crimes,” all the groups of respondents had
recommended this to address the elimination of intent and motive. If all activities are
synchronized, the respondents believe they can save time and effort and provide efficient
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As an overall result, the level of measures that can be proposed to address the
(PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive as element of crime as perceived by
the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the Community resident had
officials on the required no oftanods and BPATS as provided under the Local
Government Code” obtained the highest mean rating of 4.50, interpreted as “highly
recommended.” This implies that the DCPS must intensify their lectures to their partners
in crime prevention fight such as the barangay officials, tanod, and BPATs. While “the
use of tarpaulin, posters and flyers to be posted in strategic places and distributed to the
public purposely to prevent crime” obtained the lowest mean rating of 4.14, interpreted as
“recommended.” As gleaned from the table, this means that a constant reminder to
The researcher observes that several other activities are being performed by the
different PCR offices of the different stations of DCPS. Despite of these activities, the
researcher believes that some barangays are not still given the priorities due to some
factors.
In relation to the findings above, the Police Community Relations (PCR) of the
DCPS is doing its best by conducting series of lectures not only to BPATs but to all
officials of barangays and residents for them to be synchronized in their crime prevention
efforts.
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Not only barangay tanod, but a continuous coordination with DSWD about the
coordinate and monitor the different youth fraternities/organizations talking with their
leaders to avoid any conflict between and any of them. School visitation are done
regularly to ensure proper coordination and immediately identify any problem or concern
particularly on public safety as part of the daily and weekly report and scorecard of every
station.
While this is not regularly done, some stations are practicing this. DCPS, for
According to De la Rama, et.al (2011), the PNP must keep the community
informed of the crime situation and the modus operandi of criminals and equip them with
the knowledge and skills on how to prevent crimes and/or react in the event that they
Front a magazine, New York Times (2012), states “flyers and posters” are
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Table XII
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Highly Recommended (HR) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Recommended (R) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Recommended (MR) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Recommended (LR) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Recommended (NR)
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3.2 Opportunity
Table XIII shows the measures that can be proposed to address the problems
encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) focused
obtained the highest mean rating of 4.25, which means “Highly Recommended” while the
programs” and “Educate the vendors on the policy on Prohibited Selling in public
places” both obtained the lowest mean rating of 4.17, both interpreted as
“Recommended.” This means that the conduct of dialogue is a great tool in eliminating
opportunity of individuals who are planning to commit a crime in the sense that parents
of minors will be the ones to guide their children. The study also reveals that if efforts of
institutions are recognized through simple awards and rewards, this will help them to be
motivated and maintain or enhance their efforts in doing activities towards crime
prevention.
curfew hours implementation” got the highest mean of 4.21, interpreted as “Highly
places” obtained the lowest mean rating of 3.79, interpreted as “Recommended.” These
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results suggest that public information is a great requisite in order to combat crimes.
People must have to be informed of the measures as well as procedures in educating the
community and vendors in the community so that they can help the implementers of
crime prevention.
interpreted as “Recommended.” The highest rated indicator of the residents was the
“Orient the community on curfew hours implementation” and this is the same with the
response of the barangay officials/force multipliers. The highest mean was 4.24,
that have strong crime prevention programs” obtained the lowest mean of 3.97,
This measure is effective specially if with the aid of the barangay officials for they can
“Conduct dialogue with parents of minors arrested” and “Conduct seminar among
officials and active residents on Home Security and Crime Prevention Tips” to be
“Highly Implemented,” with means of 4.25 and 4.22 respectively. Similarly, the barangay
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Table XIII
Legend:
5 4.20 - 5.00 Highly Recommended (HR) WM - Weighted Mean
4 3.40 – 4.19 Recommended (R) VI – Verbal Interpretation
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Recommended (MR) n – Population Sample
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Recommended (LR) OWM – Overall Weighted Mean
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Recommended (NR)
As a summary, the level of measures that can be proposed to address the problems
encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused
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Area relative to opportunity as element of crime as perceived by the PNP personnel,
Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers and the Community residents had a variable mean
obtained the highest rating of 4.21, interpreted as “highly recommended,” while the
“recommended.”
deployed in the patrol and only 10% will be left in the office doing administrative works
but now 95-5 percent and 12 hours tour of duty because of the increase number of Non-
Uniform Personnel (NUP). This is to maximize the deployment of personnel in the street
to ensure police presence in all areas particularly in crime prone areas of CBD. The pre-
deployment briefing, post-deployment briefing with after patrol report is now being
implemented and monitored with specific targets of activities and patrol log.
attendance to their meetings, the pre-deployment and post deployment briefing conducted
by the COP and supervisors reminding the personnel to have the knowledge and skill in
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their particular work and develop that right attitude while in the performance of their
The conduct of security survey to private establishment are being done by civilian
entity as requested by the owners but some establish in some occasion request for a
security survey but on some limited area of the establishment such as parking lot,
perimeter.
Philippine Society of Industrial Security (PSIS), the conduct of security survey to private
an ordinance that requires private establishments to undergo security survey at least once
a year.
3.3 Instrumentality
Table XIV presents the measures that can be proposed to address the problems
encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) focused
“Kap-kap” in regular basis inside night clubs and bars and along crime prone areas”
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The Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers likewise gave an overall weighted mean
of 4.17, interpreted as “Recommended.” The highest mean obtained was 4.23, interpreted
“Educate force multipliers like security guards, civilian volunteer groups, and barangays
officials on crime prevention tips and on the modus operandi of criminals” and “Educate
the community on the importance of implementing the rules of law, fair and impartial
with the indicator “Provide training on checkpoint procedure with the barangay officials
or by those deputized by them.” This means that setting good foundation is seen to be an
effective strategy, like educating the police, force multipliers, and other sectors in order
to boost their moral and polish their knowledge and skills. In doing so, the community
needs to be educated also for they are always part of the process.
The civilians in the community should be educated the most for they will help the
police in times of problem solving. As Robert Pell has said “The police are the public and
the public are the police,” which means, the police can be effective if the community
helps them.
On the other hand, the indicator “Educate small sari-sari stores selling
intoxicating liquors on rules and regulations regarding selling of liquors” obtained the
lowest mean of 4.17, interpreted as “Recommended.” This implies that in general, the
police are implementing the identified indicators in order to address crime problems. This
further shows that the police are active and regular in the conduct of their police duties.
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The community residents set an overall mean of 4.20 which means
“Recommended.” But considering all the indicators, the indicator “Conduct security
the highest mean of 4.26, interpreted as “Highly Recommended.” On the other hand, the
“Recommended.” This means that the community residents play very important roles in
crime prevention. The residents have seen that preventing the commission of crimes
maybe done through proactive means by conducting security surveys to buildings and
In summary, the level of measures that can be proposed to address the problems
encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused
Operation Kap-kap in regular basis inside night clubs and bars and along crime prone
areas” was rated the highest mean of 4.27 interpreted as “Highly Recommended.”This
implies that the DCPS is enhancing its methodologies in crime prevention by doing
coordination efforts with many establishments for the implementation of this activity.
“Educate small sari-sari store owners selling intoxicating liquors on rules and
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regulations regarding selling of liquors” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 4.14,
interpreted as “recommended.” This implies that there is a need to revisit the programs
Although “kap-kap operation” are not regularly done in Station, they rely on the
assigned security guards for doing the same and report any violation to the police on
patrol of immediately call the hotline numbers for police assistance. Oplan Bakalsita or
spot inspection are being conducted by the City Mobile Group and Special Weapon and
Tactics team.
As mentioned by Dasayon (2013), the more police we have, the less crime there
will be. While citizens and public officials often espouse that view, social scientists often
claim the opposite extreme that “the police make only minimal contributions to crime
prevention in the context of far more powerful social institutions, like family and labor
markets.
The programs that maybe included for business owners would be orientation on
the limitations of their business considering safety and the legal parameters of operating
The researcher observes that in Dagupan City, many sari-sari store owners do not
know their limitations as to what are the items to be sold in their shops. Likewise, many
owners believe that if they were authorized to do business, they can now offer everything.
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Table XIV
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According to a Barangay Chairman, the monitoring of selling of liquor is not the
sole responsibility of the barangay officials and the police but also the other offices of the
Table XV presents the summary of the Measures that can be proposed to address
The overall mean for DCPS personnel group is 4.22, interpreted as “Highly
Recommended,” the Barangay Officials and Force Multipliers gave a rating of 4.08,
Considering the three variables, the Intent and Motive, and Opportunity gave an
Significantly, the Opportunity as one of the elements of crime and one of the three
variables was the only variable which was rated consistently by the three groups of
respondents. This shows similar recommendations from the three groups of respondents.
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The overall weighted mean from the three groups of respondents is 4.16
indicating “Recommended” level of the measures that were proposed. This means that
the three groups of respondents agree that the PIPS implementation in Dagupan City as
one of the strategies in crime prevention must enhance its implementation by adopting
Table XV
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4.1 Test of Significant Difference in the Implementation of the Police
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area of the Dagupan City Police
Station
4.1.1 Intent and Motive
Table XVI shows the test of significant difference in the respondents’ assessment
in the implementation of PIPS in terms of motive and intent as one of the elements of
crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 18.012 is higher than the
Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis. This means that
This further means that the respondents have different experiences when it comes
sub-systems, not all of its components are implemented in every station, just like in the
place of study.
have confirmed that the police are doing their best in ensuring peace and order in their
barangays.
All force multipliers deployed for patrol are now closed coordinated with police
personnel assigned in the area for proper deployment such as police intern and tanods/
volunteers task to direct traffic during rush hour in the morning and afternoon that allows
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police focus their attention on other importance task of ensuring peace and order and
public safety.
According to other Barangay Chairmen, they have a regular meeting with the
police. Unfortunately they don’t have enough barangay tanods to augment the police
force. An average of 2 to 3 barangay tanods in every barangay for some reasons such as
lack of fund since only 2,500 per month is given to every barangay tanod which is subject
to the approval of the Local DILG head. Some barangay also mention that they have to
screen their tanod very well since some have criminal or derogatory records or involved
in illegal activities.
On the part of the researcher, police and barangay officials as well as force
multipliers are really that very cooperative considering programs being implemented
involving the three groups. “Barangay Ugnayan” is regularly conducted among and
The findings imply that the respondents see the indicators of instrumentality in
different way, considering that the police is the major initiator of crime prevention
Relative to the findings above, the national government and the local government
units must allocate sufficient financial assistance to the police stations. Moreover, the
problems must be given attention by the higher authorities in the PNP and their
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Table XVI
Test of Significant Difference on the Level of Assessment in the Implementation of
the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area considering
the element of crime of Intent and Motive
4.1.2 Opportunity
of crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 16.438 is higher than
the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis.
further shows that the three groups of respondents have different views when it comes to
Relative to the findings above, a personnel from DCPS stated that since not all
barangays are covered by the implementation of PIPS, criminals may move from crime
prone to another barangay, which could be peaceful in general. This means that even
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adjacent barangays may be affected by crimes committed in the focused areas of PIPS.
Focus areas would mean crime prone areas based on the GIS-BCA.
Table XVII
4.1.3 Instrumentality
elements of crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 11.954 is
higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis.
This is another evidence that shows, the three groups of respondents have
noted that the primary implementer of PIPS are the police personnel, except for those
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Although, based from the latest memorandum from the PNP National
Headquarters, all personnel must render services by patrolling for at least 4 hours.
Table XVIII
Table XIX shows the summary results of the tests of significant differences in the
assessments on the implementation of the PIPS focus area of the Dagupan City Police
Station in terms of the three variables such as the intent and motive, opportunity, and
instrumentality.
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On intent and motive as one of the variables, it revealed that the computed F-
value of 18.012 is more than the Tabular Value of 3.55, thus the null hypothesis is
On opportunity, the computed F-value of 16.438 is more than the Tabular Value
of 3.55. This lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis, thus there is significant
Value of 3.55 which indicates rejection of null hypothesis, thus interpreted as there is
significant difference. This means that regardless of the group of respondents, their
In summary, the findings of consistency of the rejection of the null hypothesis and
of having significant difference is attributed to the fact that regardless of the group of
respondents, they have seen and experiences similarities in the implementation of PIPS in
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Table XIX
in the implementation of PIPS in terms of intent and motive as one of the elements of
crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 2.550 is lower than the
The computed result above tells that regardless of the group of respondents, their
responses are similar. The police primarily implements with the help of the barangay
officials, security guards and members of BPATs as well as other volunteer civilians.
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In an informal interview conducted by the researcher to one of the barangay
officials, he said that their barangay has very limited no of BPATs considering the small
number of residents because mostly are transients only to include those business
Baguio City, reveals that not all barangays have “tanod” members. The ones utilized to
do the functions of “tanod” members are the “kagawad” themselves and other volunteer
Table XX
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4.2.2 Opportunity
Table XXI reveals the test of significant difference in the respondents’ assessment
Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 2.197 is lower than the Critical
F-value of 3.55, indicating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. This means that
This implies that the respondents regardless of their group have similarities when
of crime.
Table XXI
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4.2.3 Instrumentality
elements of crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 11.057 is
higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Relative to the findings above, it shows that PNP has the more equipped
respondents, regardless of their affiliations encounter similar problems along the way of
From the findings above, the respondents see opportunity as same factor that
affects the implementation of the crime prevention efforts in the City of Dagupan and
needs to be addressed.
In summary, the groups of respondents when it comes to intent and motive and
opportunity, the three groups of respondents’ response were found to be not significant,
significant.
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Table XXII
Table XXIII presents the summary results on the test of significant difference on
the problems encountered in the Implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System
(PIPS) focused area of the Dagupan City Police Station in terms of the three variables
On the first variable, intent and motive, the computed F-value of 2.550 is less than
the Tabular Value of 3.55, thus the decision is to accept the null hypothesis. This is then
interpreted as there is no significant difference. This shows that the three groups of
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On the second variable, the opportunity, the computed F-value of 2.197 is less
than the Tabular Value of 3.55, in which case, the null hypothesis is accepted and is
than the Tabular Value of 3.55, in this case, the null hypothesis is rejected, and is
interpreted as with significant difference. This means that the responses of the groups of
respondents are different from each other. In the implementation of crime prevention, it is
always the police that is considered in the forefront of implementation. The barangay
officials/force multipliers and the residents are mere supporters and reporters to
Table XIII
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4.3 Test of Significant Difference on the Measures that can be Proposed to
Address the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the Police
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area of the Dagupan City
Police Station
assessment in the level of measures of PIPS in terms of intent and motive as one of the
elements of crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 9.000 is
higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis.
This means that the participating groups of respondents have different perceptions
as to the element of crime which is intent and motive. It should be stressed out that PIPS
is implemented by the police with the aid/support of barangay officials and residents
volunteering.
enforcement where police cannot be effective without the support of the community. This
is part of the vision and mission of the PNP Police Community Relation. Relative to the
findings, Robert Peel said “the police are the public and the public are the police,” that
would explain, both the two mentioned need each other in order to survive.
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Table XXIV
4.3.2 Opportunity
assessment on the measures that can be proposed to address the problems encountered in
Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 9.000 is higher than the Critical
Results imply that there is similarity of responses of the PNP personnel, force
element of crime, the respondents claimed that they have similar views and experiences.
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Table XXV
4.3.1 Instrumentality
assessment on the measures that can be proposed to address the problems encountered in
Statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 3.750 is higher than the Critical
The table above shows that the respondents have differences when it comes to
instrumentality as one of the elements of crime. This may go to the nature of their works
and experiences in which the police personnel implement, the barangay officials support
in the implementation and the concerned residents feel the implementation of these
measures.
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In summary, relative to the three elements of crime, the tests of significance imply
that the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers and Resident community
groups have their own way of perceiving how crime prevention measures are being
implemented. Though in the element of crimes such as intent and motive as well as
while in the element of instrumentality, the responses of the groups of respondents were
found to be not significant. This is because PNP has its own method of implementing the
crime prevention program and is being coordinated with the Barangay Officials/Force
Table XXVI
Test of Significant Difference on the Measures that can be Proposed to Address the
Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the
Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area
Considering the Element of Instrumentality
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4.3.4. Summary Results on the Test of Significant Difference in the
Assessment of the Measures in the Implementation of the Police
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area of the Dagupan City
Police Station
Table XXVII presents the summary results on the test of significant difference in
the assessment of the measures in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) Focused Area of the Dagupan City Police Station in terms of the three
variables of the study such as the intent and motive, opportunity, and instrumentality.
The Intent and motive as elements of crime and variable of the study got an F-
value of 9.000 which is higher than the Tabular Value of 3.55, in which case the null
hypothesis is rejected, interpreted as with significant difference. This means that the
The opportunity variable obtained an F-value of 2.737 which is lower than the
Tabular Value of 3.55, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted. This is interpreted as there is
no significant difference. This means that the groups of respondents’ assessments have no
differences.
On the third and last variable of Instrumentality, the computed F-value is 3.750
which is higher than the Tabular Value of 3.55. The result lead to the rejection of the null
hypothesis, interpreted as with significant difference. This shows that the three groups of
respondents such the DCPS personnel, barangay officials/force multipliers, and the
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Table XXVII
Considering the significant findings of this study, there is a need to make a Public
Safety Development Plan that identifies the problems and how to deal with those
problems in a step by step basis. The said program on crime prevention shall be limited to
the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) by the Dagupan City Police Station in
Dagupan City.
The Public Safety Development Plan can be more effective with the help of all
stakeholders like the officers and men of the Philippine National Police (PNP); public
officials from the Mayor, councilors, and barangays officials; force multipliers such as
security officers and guards; and concerned private sectors and residents of specific
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The salient findings of the study were the following: On the assessment, all the
“implemented” level. The overall level of assessment of the three groups of respondents
on the implementation of Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area was 3.61,
respondents found out that each of the element of crime was rated “moderately serious.”
As to the summary of the problems encountered, the grand rating given by the three
overall mean of the three elements of crime such as intent/motive, opportunity, and
participation because crimes must have to be addressed in a holistic manner, and the
holistic approach is the involvement of the members of a community allowing the law
enforcement agencies as leaders and other sectors to be followers and supporters of the
program.
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Chapter 5
study.
This study aimed to assess the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) Focused Area towards a more effective crime management in the City of
respondents assess the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS)
Focused Area considering the elements of crime such as intent and motive; opportunity;
and instrumentality. The second problem dealt with problems encountered in the
implementation of Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) focused area as regards the
above-cited variables. The third problem determined the measures that can be proposed
to address the problems encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol
System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to the above-cited variables. The significant
differences in the assessment of the three (3) groups of respondents on the Police
Integrated Patrol System Focused Area in Dagupan City Police Station, problem
encountered and the corresponding measures relative to the three elements of crime was
also determined. The last was the formulation of the action plan that can be proposed for
the enhancement of the implementation of Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS). There
were three (3) groups of respondents who participated in this study namely: 88 PNP
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personnel, 70 barangay officials/force multipliers, and 70 out of residents. The researcher
sought permission from the Chief of Police of Dagupan City Police Station to conduct the
said study in his area of jurisdiction. The data that were obtained from the survey were
statistically treated using percentage distribution method, weighted mean, the five-point
scale was used, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and F-test considering that there are 3
Summary of Findings
Office
1.1. Intent and Motive. The level of assessment on the implementation of the
Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive as
Multipliers and the Community residents had a mean response of 3.66, interpreted as
“Implemented.” This implies that the police personnel assigned at Baguio City Police
Office (BCPO) are following the mandate of the national headquarters of the PNP on
Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to opportunity as element of crime
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as perceived by the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers and the
and the Community resident had a mean response of 3.58, interpreted as “Implemented.”
2.1. Intent and Motive. The level of problems encountered in the implementation
of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive
Multipliers and the Community residents had a mean response of 3.17, indicating a
“Moderately Serious.”
the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to opportunity as
Multipliers and the Community residents had a mean response of 3.34, which means
“Moderately Serious.”
of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) Focused Area relative to instrumentality as
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Multipliers and the Community residents had a mean response of 3.30, interpreted
as“Moderately Serious.”
3.1. Intent and Motive. The level of measures that can be proposed to address
the problems encountered in the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System
(PIPS) Focused Area relative to intent and motive as element of crime as perceived by
the PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multiplier and the Community resident had
3.2. Opportunity. The level of measures that can be proposed to address the
(PIPS) Focused Area relative to opportunity as element of crime as perceived by the PNP
3.3. Instrumentality. The level of measures that can be proposed to address the
PNP personnel, Barangay Officials/Force Multipliers and the Community residents had
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motive and intent as one of the elements of crime. Statistical analysis revealed that the
computed F-value of 18.012 is higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the
rejection of the null hypothesis. On opportunity as one of the elements of crime, the
computed F-value of 16.438 is higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the
rejection of the null hypothesis. On instrumentality as one of the elements of crime, the
computed F-value of 11.954 is higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55, also indicating the
implementation of PIPS relative to intent and motive as one of the elements of crime, it
statistically reveals that the computed F-value of 2.550 is lower than the Critical F-value
of 3.55, indicating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. On opportunity as one of the
elements of crime, the computed F-value of 2.197 is lower than the Critical F-value of
3.55, indicating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. On instrumentality as one of the
elements of crime, the computed F-value of 11.057 is higher than the Critical F-value of
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4.3 Test of Significant Difference on Measures. On significant differences on
the respondents’ assessment in the level of measures of PIPS in terms of intent and
motive as one of the elements of crime, it reveals that the computed F-value of 9.000 is
higher than the Critical F-value of 3.55,thus, null hypothesis is rejected. On the element
of opportunity, statistical analysis revealed that the computed F-value of 9.000 is higher
than the Critical F-value of 3.55 and this indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis. On
instrumentality as one of the elements of crime, the computed F-value of 3.750 is higher
than the Critical F-value of 3.55, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Conclusions
The following were concluded based from the findings of the study:
crime such as motive/intent, opportunity, and instrumentality reveals that the overall
and their activities are coordinated with each other as evident by the police programs that
Moderately Serious. The PNP personnel is more aggressive in the implementation of the
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3. The three groups of respondents Recommended the indicators of intent/motive
and opportunity as element of crime, while indicators for instrumentality were found to
be Highly Recommended as the respondents are effective in eliminating the means and
responses of Resident Community group, the implementers of the PIPS on the focus areas
are the police and its force multipliers and the recipients of the program are the
community members.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following were drawn:
1. For the DCPS to constantly coordinate with the Optical Media Board (OMB)
for the monitoring and confiscation of illegality manufactured and/or sold CD/DVD
2. Illegal vendor clearing may not only be conducted by the DCPS but barangay
officials and Public Order and Safety Office (POSO) in their respective areas of
conducted. This can be undertaken with the aid of some barangay officials.
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3. To address lack of materials for crime prevention posters and slogans, the
DCPS may sponsor income generating activities such as fun-runs, benefit concerts, find
for sponsors, and request for special fund. The posters/slogans must be strategically
installed. This kind of activity must be coordinated with some sectors, organizations,
by doing an annual security survey in order to identify risks to property and people. This
activity may done by security professionals from private firms or security agencies in
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Adams, Thomas F. (2010). Police field operations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Gage, Nicholas (2013) The Mafia is not an equal opportunity Employer. New York City:
McGraw Hill.
Schafer, Stephen (2013) Theories in Criminology: Past and Present Philosophies of the
Crime Problem. New York: Random House.
Seigel, Larry (2013). Introduction to Criminology and Typology of Crimes. New York:
West Publishing Company
Skogan, W.G. & Steiner, L. (2006). Community Policing in Chicago, Year Ten. Chicago:
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority.
Timpac, T (2011) The Criminal Justice System of the Philippines. Tarlac City: TJS
Publishing House
Vicente, J.B., et. al. (2013) Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation: Quezon City:
Wiseman’s Books Trading
Wolfgang, M.E. (1964). Crime and Race: Conceptions and misconceptions. New York:
Institute of Human Relations Press
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B.Journals/Pamphlets/Publications
Braga, A.A., & D. L. Weisburd. The effects of focused deterrence strategies on crime: A
systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency.2001
Gen. Coronel, (Ret) (1996). People Empowerment Against Crime. A written article,
Police Digest Magazine.
Shaw, Margaret and Travers, Kathryn (2005, April 25). Montreal Montrea Strategies and
Best Practices in Crime Prevention in particular in relation to Urban Areas and
Youth at Risk Paper presented at the 11th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and
Criminal Justice, Bangkok, Thailand.
UNAFEI Newsletter No. 116 (Feb. 2005) “Crime Prevention. The 21st Century –
Effective Prevention of Crime Associated with Urbanization Based Upon
Community Involve and Prevention of Youth Crime and Juvenile Delinquency”
Bergonio, R.O. (October 2011) “Assessment of the Mobile Patrol Operations in Crime
Prevention and Control in the City of Manila Towards Improved Performance”
Unpublished Thesis, Philippine Public Safety College.
Dasayon, H. (2013). Police Integrated Patrol System in Eastern Police District (EPD).
Unpublished Thesis at Philippine Public Safety College.
Gubatan, FT (2011). The effectiveness of crime prevention strategy of Taguig City Police
Station: An Evaluation. Unpublished Master’s Thesis at National Police College.
Protacio, J.V. (July 2009). “Calamba City Police Station Crime Prevention Strategy”
Unpublished Thesis, Philippine Public Safety College.
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Rafael, L.D.G. (July 2009). “Police Community Partnership in Crime Prevention in the
Province of Cagayan.” Unpublished Thesis, Philippine Public Safety College
Flora, R.T. (2013). The Crime Situation in the City of San Fernando, La Union.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Baguio.
D. Other References
Baguio City Police Office (BCPO) IMPLAN 33/10 “Police Integrated Patrol System
(PIPS)” to PROCOR IMPLAN 23/10 and PNP LOI 62/2010 “Police Integrated
Patrol System (PIPS)”
Caparas, DL A. (2004) “Participation of the Public and Victims for More Fair and
Effective Criminal Justice Administration in the Philippines” National Police
Commission, retrieved on June 16, 2012 at
Efren Q Fernandez (2011). “The Director’s Report.” Quezon City: Criminal Investigation
and Detection Unit-Philippine National Police (CIDG – PNP)
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Integrated Barangay Defense System (IBDS). Camp Crame, Quezon City: Philippine
National Police
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Appendix A
Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
PHILLIPINE NATIONALPOLICE
PANGASINAN POLICE PROVINCIAL OFFICE
Dagupan City Police Station
LETTER TO RESPONDENT
Dear Respondent:
The undersigned is undergoing Doctorate course at the Nueva Ecija University of Science
and Technology and is currently conducting a research study entitled “THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICE INTEGRATED PATROL SYSTEM
FOCUSED AREA BY THE DAGUPAN CITY POLICE STATION.” This study
aims to assess the status of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) as implemented by
the Dagupan City Police Station. The study serves as one of the major requirements of
the course mentioned above.
In this regard, the undersigned is humbly asking your expert opinion by answering the
attached questionnaire checklist.
Rest assured that the responses with be dealt with utmost confidentiality in accordance
with the ethics of research.
Thank you.
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Appendix B
QUESTIONNAIRE-CHECKLIST
Directions: Please put a check mark (/) on the space provided as applicable to you.
Directions: Read the indicators below and put a check (/) mark on the appropriate
column using the scale below:
Scale Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 Highly Implemented HI
4 Much Implemented MI
3 Implemented I
2 Less Implemented LI
1 Not Implemented NI
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Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
HI MI I LI NI
The Dagupan City Police Station:
1. Uses radio and television programs to
explain crime prevention programs.
2. Conducts “Ugnayan” with barangay, school,
NGO officials and stakeholder’s
3. Deploys PNP to visible outpost manned by
police and/or barangay officials
4. Implements Oplan “Tambuli” where
residents are given information by police
with the use of megaphone
5. Sees to it that selling of pornographic
materials are prohibited in stores and other
establishments
6. Facilitates the distribution of flyers, slogans,
and posters on crime prevention tips to
residents and posted in electronic billboard.
7. Employs joint patrol with members of the
BPATs and Tanod.
B. OPPORTUNITY
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
HI MI I LI NI
The Dagupan City Police Station:
1. Observes deployment of personnel to
identified hot spot areas following the “crime
clock” of GIS-BCA
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Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
HI MI I LI NI
Directions: Read the indicators below and put a check (/) mark on the appropriate
column using the scale below:
Scale Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 Very Serious VS
4 Serious S
3 Moderately Serious MS
2 Less Serious LS
1 Not Serious NS
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Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
VS S MS LS NS
The Dagupan City Police Station:
1. Has no regular media program for crime
prevention program dissemination
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
VS S MS LS NS
The Dagupan City Police Station:
1. Lack of personnel to be deployed in identified
hot spot area 24/7
2. Some crucial areas are not installed with
CCTV
3. Not all schools and students are reached for
crime prevention dissemination
4. Most arrested persons are minors, they are
released to the DSWD for proper disposition
5. There’s no permanent solution of DCPS how
to deal with vendors
6. Many streets/roads which are crime prone
places are still with no street lights installed.
7. Curfew is not implemented considering that
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Dagupan is a highly urbanized city.
C.INSTRUMENTALITY
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
VS S MS LS NS
Part IV. MEASURES that can be proposed to address the problems encountered in
the implementation of Police Integrated Patrol System Focused Area of Dagupan
City Police Station.
Directions: Read the indicators below and put a check (/) mark on the appropriate
column using the scale below:
Scale Verbal Interpretation Symbol
5 Highly Recommended HR
4 Recommended R
3 Moderately Recommended MR
2 Less Recommended LR
1 Not Recommended NR
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1. DCPS must create a regular radio time and/or
create regular articles in print media.
2. Educate the barangays on the required no of
tanods and BPATS as provided under the
Local Government Code
3. The DCPS may request crime prone barangays
to prioritize outposts for patrolling and
monitoring
4. Provides seminars and trainings on crime
prevention and intervention are regularly
conducted among barangay officials, force
multipliers and residents
5. Educate the owners of stores and other
establishment on the prohibitions of selling
pornographic materials.
6. Displays crime prevention materials such as
tarpaulin, posters and flyers to be posted in
strategic places and distributed to the public
7. Police and barangay should make prior
coordination to synchronize their patrolling
effort to effectively prevent the commission of
crimes
B.OPPORTUNITY
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
HR R MR LR NR
1. Observe the 90-10 deployment of uniformed
personnel in the identified crime prone areas
2. Initiate activities (fun-run, concert) where
proceeds will be used in purchasing additional
CCTVs
3. Recognize institutions/companies that have
strong crime prevention programs
4. Conduct dialogue with parents of minors
arrested
5. Educate the vendors on the policy on
“Prohibited Selling in public places”
6. Conduct seminar among officials and active
residents on Home Security and Crime
Prevention Tips
7. Orient the community on curfew hours
implementation.
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C.INSTRUMENTALITY
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
HR R MR LR NR
1. Provide training on checkpoint procedure with
the barangay officials or by those deputized by
them
2. Conducts Operation “Kap-kap” in regular
basis inside night clubs and bars and along
crime prone areas
3. Educate small sari-sari stores selling
intoxicating liquors on rules and regulations
regarding selling of liquors
4. All ATMs must be in close watch of security
guards on duty
Thank you
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Appendix C
Sir:
In this regard, may I request permission from your good office for me to administer
questionnaires among the officers and men of your office. Their responses are of great
help for the realization of this study.
Rest assured that the responses with be dealt with utmost confidentiality in accordance
with the ethics of research.
Thank you.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information
Name: FERDINAND ZAMORA DE ASIS
Mailing Address METRO-DAGUPAN COLLEGES
Tel. No. (075) 522-6367
Mobile No. 09274286647
Email Address bingodeasis@yahoo.com
Date of Birth May 23, 1968
Work Experience (Add rows if necessary; Start from the most recent post occupied)
Designation CONSULTANT ON ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
College/Department ADMINISTRATION
Period Covered January 2014 to Present
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Period Covered July 2015 to present
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