TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNo. CHAPTER Page No.

Part A: Ethics and Human Interface 2 – 46

1. Human Values 2

2. Dimension Of Ethics 11

3. Ethics in Human Action 34

4. Ethics In Public and Private Relationship 42

Part B: Ethics in Public Administration 47 – 95

5. Strengthening Ethical Values in Governance 47

6. Accountability and Ethical Governance 58

7. Laws, Rules, Regulations, and Conscience As a Source of Ethical Guidance 63

8. Ethical Dilemmas in Administration 68

9. Corporate Governance 72

Part C: Probity In Governance 96 – 163

10. Information Sharing and Right To Information 96

11. Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics 104

12. Citizen Charter 110

13. Work Culture 117

14. Quality of Service Delivery 122

15. Utilization of Public Funds 129

16. Challenges of Corruption 137

Part D: Attitude 164 – 183

Part E: Emotional Intelligence 184 – 200

Part F: Moral Thinkers And Philosophers 201 – 228

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PRINCIPLE OF PREFERENCE OF VALUES

1. Preference for permanent values – Permanent values are preferred to that of

transitory values. Sensuous pleasures are transient; pleasures of association and
character are relatively permanent and enduring. As compared to pleasures of
association and character the values of truth, beauty, goodness and religion are
more enduring.

2. Preference for productive values - Productive values are preferred to that of non-
productive values. The intrinsic values enrich the self, harmonize and help in bring
peace. They take self towards elevation. While extrinsic values are exhausted in the
process of being used. The more extensive and universal they (values) are, the more
productive they tend to become.

3. Preference for intrinsic values - Intrinsic values are preferred to that of extrinsic
values.

DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES

Values are developed in an individual throughout his lifespan. There are certain
processes through which values are developed. The methods or techniques adopted for
inculcating values also vary based on the needs.

Process of Developing Values

1. Socialization

o Socialization is the process by which human infants begin to acquire the skills
necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society, and is the most
influential learning process one can experience.

o Through this, a child is indoctrinated into his/her culture.

o It is a lifelong process of shaping an individual.

o Agency of socialization includes family, society, school, peer group, media etc.

2. Social Control

o Even after socialization process, there will be some deviants. For instance, two
children are brought up in the same family. One of them is very honest while
another has got into the habit of stealing. In such cases, the good values can be

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 sustained through appreciation, while the negative values can be eradicated
through ostricization.

o Basically, social control follows the reward and punishment mechanism. Good
act is rewarded while bad act is punished so as to eliminate the chance of its
repetition.

Techniques for Developing Values

1. Allegoric Method: It involves moral story telling. Biography of some great

personalities, Panchatantra stories etc can help in moral building.

2. Conscientization: It involves pricking the conscience of an individual against

the wrong doings. It is a process of developing a critical awareness of one’s
social reality through reflection and action. We all acquire social myths which
have a dominant tendency, and so learning is a critical process which depends
upon uncovering real problems and actual needs.

3. Intense Identification: It is based on the concept of mentorship. A mentor acts

like a friend in inculcating values, unlike a philosopher who acts as a guide.

4. Profitable Association Method: It is based on fundamentals of symbiotic

relationship and joint endeavor. It inculcates values of mutual respect, tolerance,
harmony, equality etc.

5. Role Playing: It involves acting out or performance of a particular role, either

consciously (training) or unconsciously, in accordance with the perceived
expectations of society as regards a person's behaviour in a particular context.

Role of Family in Inculcating Values

Parents or family plays a dominant role in educating a child. Mother is the first
teacher and Home is the first school. The newly born baby is dependent on parents
who nourish and bring it up. The elders at home teach the developing baby behavior,
dress codes, customs, and aspirations and so on. The minds of children develop in the
major way through the process of non-formal education at home.

The family shapes the child’s attitude towards people and society, and helps in
mental growth in the child and supports his ambitions and values. Blissful and cheerful
atmosphere in the family will develop the love, affection, tolerance, and generosity. A
child learns his behavior by modeling what he sees around him.