Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Maria Rădoane and Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

Part I Background of Landform Evolution

2 Tectonics and Exhumation of Romanian Carpathians:
Inferences from Kinematic and Thermochronological Studies . . . . 15
Liviu Mațenco
3 Climate Evolution During the Late Glacial and the Holocene. . . . . 57
Aurel Perşoiu
4 The Evolution of Vegetation from the Last Glacial
Maximum Until the Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Angelica Feurdean and Ioan Tanţău

Part II Glacial and Periglacial Landforms

5 Deglaciation History of High Massifs from the Romanian
Carpathians: Towards an Integrated View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Răzvan Popescu, Petru Urdea and Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe
6 Spatial Distribution and Main Characteristics of Alpine
Permafrost from Southern Carpathians, Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Răzvan Popescu, Alexandru Onaca, Petru Urdea
and Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe
7 Present-Day Periglacial Processes in the Alpine Zone. . . . . . . . . . . 147
Alexandru Onaca, Petru Urdea, Adrian C. Ardelean,
Raul Șerban and Florina Ardelean
8 Thermal Weathering and Distribution of Mountain
Rockwalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Mirela Vasile and Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

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9 Glacial Cirques in the Romanian Carpathians

and Their Climatic Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Marcel Mîndrescu and Ian S. Evans
10 Geomorphosites Assessments of the Glacial and Periglacial
Landforms from Southern Carpathians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Laura Comănescu and Alexandru Nedelea

Part III Hillslope Evolution by Mass Movement Processes

11 The Systematic of Landslide Processes in the Conditions
of Romania’s Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Mihai Micu
12 Landslide Type and Pattern in Moldavian Plateau,
NE Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint and Mihai Niculiţă
13 Landslide Types and Spatial Pattern in the Subcarpathian
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Mihai Micu
14 Debris Flows in Călimani Mountains and Lotrului Valley . . . . . . . 327
Olimpiu Traian Pop, Viorel Ilinca, Titu Anghel,
Ionela-Georgiana Gavrilă and Răzvan Popescu

Part IV Soil Erosion

15 Sheet and Rill Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Nelu Popa
16 Gully Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Maria Rădoane and Nicolae Rădoane
17 Soil Erosion Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Cristian Valeriu Patriche

Part V Rivers
18 Geomorphological Evolution and Longitudinal Profiles . . . . . . . . . 427
Maria Rădoane, Ionuț Cristea, Dan Dumitriu and Ioana Perșoiu
19 River Behavior During Pleniglacial–Late Glacial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Ioana Perşoiu, Maria Rădoane and Petru Urdea
20 Fluvial Activity During the Holocene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Ioana Perșoiu and Maria Rădoane