DOCTOR SERAPHICUS

ST. BONAVENTURE
CARDINAL BISHOP OF ALBANO

COMMENTARIES
ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
OF MASTER PETER LOMBARD
ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS

OPERA OMNIA: TOME I

ON THE ONE AND TRIUNE GOD

A Replica Translation, in English,

of the Critical Latin Edition, by the Quaracchi Fathers,
of 1882 A. D..

BY A FRANCISCAN BROTHER

With All accompanying Original

Prolegomena, Tabulae, Scholia and Footnotes,

Furnished with translations of

All the Variant Readings cited in the Original &

Enriched with frequent citation of

Scholastic terms in the Latin tongue

THE FRANCISCAN ARCHIVE

MANSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, USA

MMXIV
 INDEX OF QUESTIONS
FOR ST. BONAVENTURE’S COMMENTARIES
ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
OF MASTER PETER LOMBARD
The General Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-XXXVIII
The Bull of Pope Sixtus IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXIX
The Bull of Pope Sixtus V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XLV
Prolegomena to Book I of the Commentary . . . . . . . . . LV
Authors and Books cited by St. Bonaventure . . . . LXXXIV
THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ON THE ONE AND TRIUNE GOD
FOREWORD (Proœmium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Questions on the Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Question I: What is the matter or subject
of this Book or of theology? . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Question II: What is the formal cause or manner of
proceeding in this Book or of theology? . . 9
Question III: Whether this book or theology is for
the sake of contemplation, or that we
become good, or whether it is a
speculative or practical science? . . . . . . . . 12
Question IV: What is the efficient cause
or author of this book?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
MASTER PETER’S PROLOGUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The List of Chapters to Master Peter’s First Book . . . . . 17
Doubts I-IX on Lombard’s Prologue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
DISTINCTION I
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ARTICLE I: What is it ‘to use’, and on the usable?
Question 1: Whether ‘to use’ is an act of the will, or
of the reason, and/or of every power? . . . 30
Question 2: Whether one is to use every creature? . . . . . 32
Question 3: Whether one is to use only
the created good? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ARTICLE II: What is it ‘to enjoy’?
Question 1: Whether ‘to enjoy’ is an act of the will, or
of the other powers?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ARTICLE III: On the enjoyable
Question 1: Whether one is to enjoy God? . . . . . . . . . . . 38
The Table of Codices and Editions
for St. Bonaventure’s Commentaries. . . . LXXXVII
The Tabula of Codices and Editions for
Lombard’s First Book of Sentences. . . . LXXXVIII
Question 2: Whether one is to enjoy God or
the uncreated Good alone? . . . . . . . . . . . 39
DOUBTS I-XVI on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . . 42
DISTINCTION II
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ARTICLE I: On the Unity of the Divine Essence
and the plurality of the Persons
Question 1: Whether there is only one God? . . . . . . . . . 50
Question 2: Whether in God there is to be posited
a plurality of persons? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Question 3: Whether the number of divine Persons
is infinite?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Question 4: Whether there are only three
divine Persons?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . . . . 59
DISTINCTION III
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
ARTICLE I: On the Cognizability of God
Question 1: Whether God is cognizable by a creature?. . 67
Question 2: Whether God is cognizable through
creatures? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Question 3: Whether man in every state cognizes
God through creatures? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Question 4: Whether a trinity of persons with a unity
of essence can be naturally cognized
through creatures? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 77
864 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
PART II
ARTICLE I: On the first impression of the image
Question 1: Whether the reckoning of the image is attained
in the memory, intelligence and will? . . . . 80
Question 2: Whether the image is attained in these powers
through their comparison to God? . . . . . . 82
Question 3: Whether memory, intelligence and will are the
same in essence with the soul? . . . . . . . . . 84
ARTICLE II: On the second impression of the image
Question 1: Whether the image is attained in mind,
knowledge and love as in the powers, or
in the habits, or in both simultaneously,
or according to substance and habit? . . . . 88
Question 2: Whether mind, knowledge and love have
order, equality and consubstantiality? . . . 91
Question 3: Whether the trinity of image, which consists
in mind, knowledge and love, necessarily
leads unto cognition of the Three Divine
Persons? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 93
DISTINCTION IV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
ARTICLE I: On the comparison of the name “God” to generation
and of its consignification and supposition
Question 1: Whether this saying: “God begot God”,
must be conceded? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Question 2: Whether this saying can be admitted:
“God generates another God”? . . . . . . . . 99
Question 3: Whether congruously in accord with the
rules of grammar it can be said:
“there are more gods”?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Question 4: Whether this name “God” substitutes
for a person, and/or for a nature? . . . . . 102
DOUBTS I-IX on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 104
DISTINCTION V
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
ARTICLE I: On the comparison of generation to the substance
or essence in the reckoning of a principle
Question 1: Whether the Substance or Essence
generates?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Question 2: Whether there is to be conceded
the saying, that the Son is generated
from the substance of the Father? . . . . . 114
ARTICLE II: On the comparison of generation to essence
in the reckoning of a term
Question 1: Whether the Substance or Essence
is generated?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Question 2: Whether the Substance or Divine Essence
is communicated through generation? . . 118
DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 119
DISTINCTION VI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
ARTICLE SOLE: On the generation of the Son
according to its conditions
Question 1: Whether the generation of the Son is
according to a reckoning of necessity? . . 125
Question 2: Whether the generation of the Son is
according to a reckoning of will? . . . . . . 127
Question 3: Whether the generation of the Son
is according to a reckoning
of exemplarity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 130
DISTINCTION VII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
ARTICLE SOLE: On the Power of Generating
Question 1: Whether the power of generating means
something absolute, and/or relative? . . . 134
Question 2: Whether the power of generating
is in the Son? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Question 3: Whether the power of generating and the
power of creating are a unique power?. . 141
Question 4: Whether “to be able to be generated” and “to be
able to be created” are a univocal “to be able”? . 142
DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 144
DISTINCTION VIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
ARTICLE I: On the truth of God
Question 1: Whether truth is a property of the Divine “to be”? . 150
Question 2: Whether the Divine “to be” is true
to such an extent, that it cannot be
thought not to be? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
ARTICLE II: On the immutability of God
Question 1: Whether God is immutable? . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Question 2: Whether God alone is immutable?. . . . . . . 158
DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . . . 162
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
ARTICLE SOLE: On the Simplicity of God
Question 1: Whether God is most highly simple? . . . . . 165
Question 2: Whether a most high simplicity befits
God alone?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Question 3: Whether the rational soul is whole in the whole
body, and whole in any part of it? . . . . . . . . 170
Question 4: Whether God is in any determinate
genus or predicament? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 174
DISTINCTION IX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
ARTICLE SOLE: On generation among the divine
Question 1: Whether generation is to be posited
among the divine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Question 2: Whether among the divine generation
distinguishes between the One
begetting and the One begotten? . . . . . . 182
Question 3: Whether among the divine generation is eternal? . . . 184
Question 4: Whether the generation of the Son
has been terminated? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
DOUBTS I-XIII on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . 187
 INDEX OF QUESTIONS
DISTINCTION X
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
ARTICLE I: On the manner of the proceeding
of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: Whether among the divine there is
to be posited a Person proceeding
through a manner of liberality? . . . . . . . 194
Question 2: Whether among the divine there is
to be posited a Person proceeding
through a manner of love or charity? . . . 197
Question 3: Whether among the divine there is
to be posited a third Person proceeding
through a manner of mutual charity?. . . 199
ARTICLE II: On the property of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: Whether love or charity is proper
to the Holy Spirit? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is the nexus or
unity of the Father and the Son? . . . . . . 202
Question 3: Whether the Holy Spirit is properly a spirit? . 203
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 205
DISTINCTION XI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
ARTICLE SOLE: On the principle of the procession
of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds
from the Father and the Son? . . . . . . . . . 209
Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the
Father and the Son, as from one principle? 214
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 217
DISTINCTION XII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
ARTICLE SOLE: On the procession of the Holy Spirit
in comparison to the Father and the Son
Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from
the Father before He does from the Son? . . 220
Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds more
fully and more principally from the
Father than from the Son? . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Question 3: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds
from the Father by means of the Son? . . 223
Question 4: Whether the generation of the Son is prior to
the spiration of the Holy Spirit, according
to the reckoning of understanding? . . . . . . 225
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 226
DISTINCTION XIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
ARTICLE SOLE: On the procession of the Holy Spirit
and on the difference of procession from generation
Question 1: Whether among the divine there is to be
posited a procession? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Question 2: Whether the procession of the Holy Spirit
is a generation?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Question 3: Whether the procession of the Holy Spirit
differs from the generation of the Son
really, and/or only according to the
reckoning of understanding? . . . . . . . . . 235
Question 4: Whether the Holy Spirit is unbegotten? . . 238
DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 239
865
DISTINCTION XIV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
ARTICLE I: On the temporal procession of the Holy Sprit
Question 1: Whether a temporal procession of
the Holy Spirit is to be posited? . . . . . . . 245
Question 2: Whether the eternal procession of
the Holy Spirit and the temporal are
to be numbered as two processions?. . . . 247
ARTICLE II: On the giving of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit is given in His own
Person, or whether only in effect? . . . . . 249
Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is given
by any holy man? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 253
DISTINCTION XV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
ARTICLE SOLE: On mission among the divine
Question 1: Whether there is mission among the divine? . . 259
Question 2: Whether mission among the divine is only
on account of time, or also from eternity? . 261
Question 3: Whether mission, passively accepted, belongs
to the whole Trinity, in view of the Father? . . 262
Question 4: Whether mission, actively accepted,
belongs to the whole Trinity? . . . . . . . . . 264
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 267
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
ARTICLE SOLE: On the invisible mission
both of the Son and of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: Whether the invisible mission is according
to gifts of the grace, freely given, and/or
of the grace which makes one pleasing?. 270
Question 2: Whether the Son and the Holy Spirit are said to
be sent according to the same gifts of grace? . 271
Question III : Whether the Son and the Holy Spirit are
sent, when gifts of grace are augmented? . . . 273
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 274
DISTINCTION XVI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
ARTICLE SOLE: On the visible mission of the Holy Spirit
Question 1: What is a visible mission? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Question 2: For what is the visible mission
of the Holy Spirit useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Question 3: In which manners does the visible
mission come to be? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
DOUBTS I-V on the Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 285
DISTINCTION XVII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
866 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ARTICLE SOLE: On the created habit of charity, whether
it exists, and in what manner it can be loved and cognized
Question 1: Whether besides uncreated Charity there ought
to be posited a created habit of charity? . . . . 292
Question 2: Whether charity is to be loved out of charity?. . 296
Question 3: Whether anyone can know with certitude,
that he is in charity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Question 4: Whether charity is cognizable in the
universal, even by one not having it? . . . 300
DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 304
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
ARTICLE SOLE: On the augment of charity
Question 1: Whether charity can be increased
according to its substance? . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Question 2: In what manner charity is increased? . . . . 310
Question 3: Whether charity can be diminished? . . . . . 313
Question 4: Whether charity has a terminus in its augment? 316
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 318
DISTINCTION XVIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
ARTICLE SOLE: On the property of the Holy Spirit,
whereby His is a gift
Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit is the Gift,
in which all other gifts are granted? . . . . 323
Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is the a gift
from eternity, or in time? . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Question 3: Whether there is more fittingly said
of the Holy Spirit “gift” than “given”? . . 326
Question 4: Whether “gift” is an essential or a personal
and proper name of the Holy Spirit? . . . . . . 328
Question 5: Whether “gift” or “grantability” is
a distinctive property of the Holy Spirit? . . . . 329
Question 6: Whether the Holy Spirit by reason of His
grantability can be said to be “our Spirit”? . . 332
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . . . 333
DISTINCTION XIX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
ARTICLE SOLE: On the equality of the Divine Persons
and its properties
Question 1: Whether equality is to be posited
among the divine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Question 2: Whether among the divine
there is a most high equality? . . . . . . . . . 344
Question 3: Whether the equality of the Divine
Persons is reciprocal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Question 4: Whether among the divine there is
equality with circumincession?. . . . . . . . 347
DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 350
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
ARTICLE SOLE: That from God there ought to be
excluded all reckonings of inequality
Question 1: Whether among the divine there is to be
posited an integral whole? . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Question 2: Whether among the divine there can be
posited a universal whole? . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Question 3: Whether among the Divine Persons there
can be posited a material principle? . . . . 360
Question 4: Whether among the divine there can be
posited a difference according to number? . . . 362
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 365
DISTINCTION XX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
ARTICLE I: On the adequation of power among the divine
Question 1: Whether among the Divine Persons there
is equal power as much as regards
(its) extension to possibles? . . . . . . . . . . 368
Question 2: Whether among the Divine Persons there
is equality as much as regards
the intensity of power? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
ARTICLE II: On order among the divine
Question 1: Whether among the divine there
is a reckoning of order? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Question 2: Whether among the divine there
is an order of nature? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 375
DISTINCTION XXI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
ARTICLE I: On exclusive sayings added to a substantial term
Question 1: Whether there is said in a true manner:
“God alone is the Father”?. . . . . . . . . . . 379
Question 2: Whether an exclusive saying can be truly
added to a substantial term on the part
of the predicate?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
ARTICLE II: On exclusive sayings added to a relative term
Question 1: Whether the exclusive saying “solus” is
truly added to a personal term in
respect to a proper predicate? . . . . . . . . . 383
Question 2: Whether the exclusive saying “solus” is
truly added to a personal term in
respect to a common predicate? . . . . . . . 385
DOUBTS I-III on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 387
DISTINCTION XXII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
ARTICLE SOLE: On the Divine Names
Question 1: Whether God is nameable? . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Question 2: Whether God has only one Name, or more? . . 392
Question 3: Whether all Divine Names are said
in a transferred manner?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Question 4: Whether all names said of God are said
according to substance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter — with
The Five Rules on the Names of God”. . . . . 399
DISTINCTION XXIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
 INDEX OF QUESTIONS
ARTICLE I: On the transferal of the names “person”,
“substance” and “essence” to the divine
Question 1: Whether the name for ‘person’ has been
fittingly transferred to the divine? . . . . . 404
Question 2: Whether among the divine the name
for ‘substance’ and ‘subsistence’ is
fittingly to be used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Question 3: Whether the name for ‘ essence’ is fittingly
employed among the divine; moreover,
there is asked concerning the difference
of the names “essence”, “subsistence”,
“substance” and “person”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
ARTICLE II: On the numbering of the four Names
Question 1: Whether among the divine there can be
said to be many “substances”? . . . . . . . 411
Question 2: Whether among the divine there can be
numbered many “essences”? . . . . . . . . . 413
Question 3: Whether in a Catholic manner we can
say that there are “many Gods”? . . . . . . 414
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter — with
a Note to the Readers from the Editors . . . . . 416
DISTINCTION XXIV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
ARTICLE I: On the numeral and partitive term “one”
Question 1: Whether this name “one” is said positively,
and/or privatively, among the divine? . . . . . 420
Question 2: Whether “one” among the divine is said
according to substance, or whether
according to relation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
ARTICLE II: On purely numeral names
Question 1: Whether purely numeral names among
the divine are said positively, or privatively? . 425
Question 2: Whether numeral names among the
divine are said according to substance,
or according to relation?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
ARTICLE III: On the name “triune” and “trinity”
Question 1: Whether names, which signify at the same
time ‘one’ and ‘number’, convey a unity? . . . 428
Question 2: Whether the unity, which the names,
“Trinity” and “Triune”, convey,
is a unity of essence, or of supposit? . . . 430
NOTES on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
DISTINCTION XXV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
ARTICLE I: On the quiddity of the name “person”
Question 1: Whether the name “person” among the divine
is said according to substance, or whether it is
said according to relation? . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Question 2: Whether “person” has been rightly defined
by Boethius, as that which is an individual
substance of a rational nature, and whether
this reckoning befits the Divine Persons? . . . 439
ARTICLE II: On the commonality of the name “person”
Question 1: Whether the name “person” is common to the
uncreated Persons? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Question 2: Whether the name for ‘person’, said of
created and uncreated persons, is
a common univocal term? . . . . . . . . . . . 444
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 445
867
DISTINCTION XXVI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
ARTICLE SOLE: On the properties in general
Question 1: Whether among the divine there are to be
posited properties for the Persons? . . . . 454
Question 2: What are properties of the Persons
among the divine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Question 3: Whether the act of the personal properties
is to distinguish the Hypostases, or
to show that They are distinct? . . . . . . . 456
Question 4: How many personal properties are there
among the divine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter. . . . . . . . . . . 462
DISTINCTION XXVII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
ARTICLE SOLE: On the property of the paternity, on the abstrac-
tion of the properties, and on the certitude of this doctrine
Question 1: Whether ‘to be the Father’ and ‘to
generate’ is one and the same notion? . . 467
Question 2: Whether the generation is the reason
for the paternity, or the other way around? . . 468
Question 3: Whether the properties can be abstracted
from the Divine Persons? . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Question 4: Whether it is licit to opine in a contrary manner
concerning the notions or properties? . . . . . . 477
DOUBTS I- V on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 479
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
ARTICLE SOLE: On the name for a word
Question 1: Whether “word” is said essentially,
or notionally among the divine? . . . . . . 481
Question 2: Whether the “Eternal Word” connotes
anything on the part of a creature? . . . . 484
Question 3: What is the comparison of the Word
to wisdom or knowledge? . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Question 4: Whether the name for a word has been
rightly transferred to the divine?. . . . . . . 488
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 491
DISTINCTION XXVIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
ARTICLE SOLE: On the innascibility and improcessibility
Question 1: Whether the name “unbegotten” or
“innascibility” is said according
to substance, and/or relation? . . . . . . . . 496
Question 2: Whether the innascibility and the
paternity convey the same relation? . . . 499
Question 3: Whether the innascibility, or the paternity
is the personal property of the Father? . 501
868 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
Question 4: Whether improcessibility just as innascibility
also means a notion in the Father? . . . . . 502
DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 504
DISTINCTION XXIX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
ARTICLE I: On principium as much as regards
the multiplicity of its meaning
Question 1: Whether the name, principium, among
the divine can be accepted personally
or notionally? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Question 2: Whether this name, principium, if taken
essentially and notionally, is said
univocally, or equivocally? . . . . . . . . . . . 510
ARTICLE II: On principium as much as regards
the unity of its meaning
Question 1: Whether the Father and the Son can be said
to be “the one principle” of the Holy Spirit? . 512
Question 2: Whether the Father and the Son can be said
to be “the one spirator”, and or even
“the same principle” of the Holy Spirit? . . . . 515
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 516
DISTINCTION XXX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
ARTICLE SOLE: On those names which are said of God
on account of time
Question 1: Whether anything is said of God
on account of time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Question 2: Whether the names, which are said
of God on account of time, are said
per se, and/or per accidens? . . . . . . . . . 523
Question 3: Whether the names, which are said
of God on account of time, convey
a real relation in God? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 527
DISTINCTION XXXI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
ARTICLE SOLE: On the names “similar” and “equal”
Question 1: Whether equality and similitude are said
of God positively and/or privatively? . . 533
Question 2: Whether “equality” and “similitude” among
the divine are said according to substance,
or according to relation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Question 3: Whether “equal” and “similar” are said among
the divine according to a mutual relation? . . . 537
DOUBTS I-III on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 539
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
ARTICLE I: On St. Hilary’ s appropriation
Question 1: Whether there is said to be an image
among the divine according to
substance, or according to relation? . . . . 539
Question 2: Whether “image” among the divine
is properly said of the Son? . . . . . . . . . . 541
Question 3: For what reason is “eternity” appropriated
to the Father, “sightliness” to the Image,
and “use” to the Gift? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
ARTICLE II: On St. Augustine’ s appropriation
Question 1: Whether God can be said to be “one”
with a creature? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Question 2: Whether one creature with another
can be said (to be) “one” simply? . . . . . 546
Question 3: By what reckoning is “unity” appropriated
to the Father, “equality” to the Son,
“concord” to the Holy Spirit?. . . . . . . . . 548
DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 549
DISTINCTION XXXII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
ARTICLE I: On the expression: “the Father and the Son
love Themselves by the Holy Spirit.”
Question 1: Whether the Father and the Son love Them-
selves by the Holy Spirit? . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Question 2: In what habitude is that ablative construed,
if there be said: “the Father and the Son
love Themselves by the Holy Spirit”? . . . . . . 559
ARTICLE II: On the expression: “the Father is wise
by begotten Wisdom”, on the other: “the Father is powerful
by the Virtue, which He begot”
Question 1: Whether there can be rightly said: “the Father
is wise by begotten Wisdom”? . . . . . . . . . . 561
Question 2: Whether there can be rightly said:
“the Father is powerful by the Power
or Virtue, which He begot”?. . . . . . . . . . 563
DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 565
DISTINCTION XXXIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
ARTICLE SOLE: On the diverse comparisons of a property
Question 1: Whether a property is a Person? . . . . . . . . 571
Question 2: Whether a property is the Essence? . . . . . 574
Question 3: Whether a notion is predicated of a notion? . . 576
Question 4: Whether the same property can be
denominatively predicated of itself ? . . . 579
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 580
DISTINCTION XXXIV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
ARTICLE SOLE: On the comparison of a Person to the Nature
and on appropriation and transferal
Question 1: Whether among the divine a Thing
of the Nature adds upon the Nature? . . . 586
Question 2: Whether among the divine a Person is predicated
of the Nature & the Nature of a Person? . . . 589
Question 3: Whether among the divine there is
a positing of appropriated names? . . . . 592
Question 4: Whether there is a transferal of names? . . 593
DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 594
DISTINCTION XXXV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
ARTICLE SOLE: On ideas
Question 1: Whether ideas are to be posited in God? . 600
Question 2: Whether among ideas there is a plurality
according to thing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
 INDEX OF QUESTIONS
Question 3: Whether among ideas there is a plurality
according to a reckoning?. . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Question 4: Whether ideas are plurified through a comparison
to the ideated, to the extent that these are
diverse in species, and/or in the individual? . 609
Question 5: Whether ideas in God are finite
in number, or infinite? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Question 6: Whether ideas have an order? . . . . . . . . . 613
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 614
DISTINCTION XXXVI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
ARTICLE I: On the existence of things in God
Question 1: Whether things were in God from eternity? . . . 620
Question 2: Whether things are in God according to
a reckoning of essence, and/or of person? . . 621
ARTICLE II: On the manner, in which things exist in God
Question 1: Whether all are life in God? . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Question 2: Whether things have “being” more truly
in God than in their own genus? . . . . . . 625
ARTICLE III: On the number or generality of the existence,
which things have in God
Question 1: Whether evil things are in God? . . . . . . . . 626
Question 2: Whether imperfect things are in God? . . . 628
DOUBTS I-IV on the Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 630
DISTINCTION XXXVII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
PART I
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
ARTICLE I: Wherefore does it befit God to be everywhere?
Question 1: Whether God is in all things? . . . . . . . . . . 638
Question 2: Whether God is in all places? . . . . . . . . . . 640
ARTICLE II: It is proper to God to be everywhere
Question 1: Whether ‘to be everywhere’ befits God alone? . 642
Question 2: Whether ‘to be everywhere’ befits God
from eternity?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
ARTICLE III: In what kind of manner is God in things?
Question 1: Whether God is equally in all things? . . . . 646
Question 2: In what manners is God said to be in things? . . 648
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 649
PART II
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
ARTICLE I: On the incircumscriptibility of God
Question 1: Whether God belongs to a place? . . . . . . . 652
Question 2: Whether God is able to change
according to place?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Question 3: Whether God is separable from every
place and/or is outside of every place? . 655
ARTICLE II: On the mutability of the Angels through place
Question 1: Whether an Angel can move locally
without a body? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Question 2: Whether an Angel moves through a medium?. . 659
Question 3: Whether an Angel passes through
a medium by a sudden movement,
and/or by a successive one? . . . . . . . . . . 662
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 664
DISTINCTION XXXVIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
869
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
ARTICLE I: On the causality of the Divine Foreknowledge
Question 1: Whether the Divine Foreknowledge
is the cause of things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Question 2: Whether the Divine Foreknowledge
is caused by things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
ARTICLE II: On the Divine Foreknowledge as much as
regards the reckoning of Its necessity
Question 1: Whether God’s Foreknowledge imposes
a necessity upon the things foreknown. . 674
Question 2: Whether God necessarily foreknows
those which He foreknows . . . . . . . . . . . 677
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 680
DISTINCTION XXXIX
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
ARTICLE I: On the perfection of the Divine Knowledge
as much as regards the number of cognizables
Question 1: Whether God cognizes those other
than Himself ?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
Question 2: Whether God cognizes all others
than Himself ?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
Question 3: Whether God can know more
than He knows? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
ARTICLE II: On the manner of the Divine Cognition
Question 1: Whether God cognizes Himself and those
other than Himself in the same manner? . . . 692
Question 2: Whether God cognizes mutables immutably? . 693
Question 3: Whether God cognizes each and every
thing presently? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 698
DISTINCTION XL
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
ARTICLE I: On predestination as much as regards its entity
Question 1: Whether predestination is something
eternal, or temporal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
Question 2: Whether predestination is God’s
Knowledge, or Will?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
ARTICLE II: On predestination as much as regards its necessity
Question 1: Whether predestination infers
the necessity of salvation? . . . . . . . . . . . 706
Question 2: Whether predestination posits
a certitude in the outcome? . . . . . . . . . . 711
ARTICLE III: On the Divine election
Question 1: Whether election is in God from eternity,
or on account of time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714
Question 2: Whether election is the same as predestination? 716
ARTICLE IV: On reprobation and, in particular, on obduration
Question 1: Whether obduration is a punishment,
or a fault? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Question 2: Whether obduration is from God? . . . . . . . 719
DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 722
DISTINCTION XLI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
870 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ARTICLE I: On the cause of Divine predestination
Question 1: Whether predestination and/or reprobation
have in us a meritorious cause? . . . . . . . 728
Question 2: Whether predestination and reprobation have
in God a motive reason?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
ARTICLE II: On the sempiternity of the Divine Cognition
Question 1: Whether God cognizes things through the
manner of complexion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
Question 2: Whether the enunciables, which God cognizes
once, He always cognizes? . . . . . . . . . . . 738
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 741
DISTINCTION XLII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
ARTICLE SOLE: On the Divine Power in comparison
to the possibles, which It can do
Question 1: Whether God can work anything
other than Himself ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
Question 2: Whether God can do everything
which a created agent can do? . . . . . . . . 748
Question 3: Whether God can do all those whatsoever,
which are impossible for a created agent? . . . 750
Question 4: Whether the “simply possible” is said according
to superior causes, or inferior ones? . . . . . . . 756
DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 759
DISTINCTION XLIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
ARTICLE SOLE: On the infinity of the Divine Power
Question 1: Whether God’s Power, according to
which It is of this kind, is infinite? . . . . . 764
Question 2: Whether the Divine Essence is infinite? . . 768
Question 3: Whether the Divine Power is able
unto an effect infinite in act? . . . . . . . . . 771
Question 4: Whether the reason for the Divine Power
extends itself to things infinite? . . . . . . . 774
DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 776
DISTINCTION XLIV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
ARTICLE I: On the possibility of a better world
Question 1: Whether God could make a better world regarding
the substance of its integrating parts? . . . . . . 781
Question 2: Whether the world could be made better
as much as regards the properties of
its integrating parts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Question 3: Whether God could make the world better
as much as regards the order of its parts? . . . 785
Question 4: Whether God could make the world
more ancient? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
ARTICLE II: On the immutability of the Divine Power
Question SOLE: Whether what God can do once,
He can do always? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 792
DISTINCTION XLV
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
ARTICLE I: On the Divine Will, as much as regards Its quiddity
Question 1: Whether in God there is a positing of a will? . . 798
Question 2: Whether God is said to be “omnivolent”,
just as He is said to be “omniscient”
and “omnipotent”?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
ARTICLE II: On God’s Will, as much as regards Its causality
Question 1: Whether God’s Will is the Cause
of things in general? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Question 2: Whether God’s Will is the First
and Immediate Cause? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
ARTICLE III: On the Divine Will,
as much as regards Its reckoning of being signified
Question 1: Whether the Divine Will is fittingly
divided into the will of a sign
and the Will of good pleasure?. . . . . . . . 808
Question 2: On the number and sufficiency
of the signs of the Divine Will? . . . . . . . 810
DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 811
DISTINCTION XLVI
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
ARTICLE SOLE: On the Will of God
in respect of the salvation of all, and in respect of evil
Question 1: Whether God wills that all men come to be
saved by the Will of His Good Pleasure? . . . 819
Question 2: Whether God wills evils to come to be? . . 822
Question 3: Whether it is good that evils come to be? . 825
Question 4: Whether it is true that evils come to be? . . 827
Question 5: Whether evil is ordainable by the Will of God? 830
Question 6: Whether evil concerns
the complement of the universe? . . . . . . 832
DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . 834
DISTINCTION XLVII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
ARTICLE SOLE: On the efficacy of the Divine Will
Question 1: Whether the Will of God’s Good Pleasure
can be impeded?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Question 2: Whether one can work against
the will of a sign? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
Question 3: Whether God ought to permit evils? . . . . . 843
Question 4: Whether God can precept evils? . . . . . . . . 845
DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 847
DISTINCTION XLVIII
The Text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
Division of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
ARTICLE I: On the conformity of our will
in regard to its quiddity
Question 1: Whether it is possible, that our will
be conformed to the Divine Will? . . . . . 851
Question 2: Whether the conformity of our wil
to the Divine Will makes it just? . . . . . . 853
ARTICLE II: On the conformity of our will
as much as regards obligation
Question 1: Whether we are bound to conform our will
to the Divine Will in the reason for willing? . 855
Question 2: Whether we are bound to conform our will
to the Divine Will in the (thing) willed? . . . . 857
DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter . . . . . . . . . . 860
Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever,
and unto the Ages of ages. Amen !