Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Industrial Automation
(Automação de Processos Industriais)
http://users.isr.ist.utl.pt/~jag/courses/api1112/api1112.html
Syllabus:
Chap. 2 – Introduction to PLCs [2 weeks]
...
...
Chap. 4 - GRAFCET (Sequential Function Chart) [1 week]
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IST / DEEC / API Chap. 3 - PLCs Programming languages
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Ladder diagram
Output
Input Instructions Instructions
N S
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Types of operands:
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Basic Instructions
Load
t
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Basic Instructions
Load operands
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Basic Instructions
Store
S
The result of the logic function energizes the relay
(sets the latch).
R %I1.0
The result of I1.0
%Q2.0 the logic function de-energizes the relay
(resets the latch)..
N S t
Q2.0
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Ladder diagram
Basic Instructions
Store operands
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Allen Bradley notation
Relays with latch and unlatch
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Relay-type instructions
Example:
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Basic Instructions
AND
%Q2.0
AND of the operand with the result of the previous
%I1.0 %I1.0 I1.0
logical operation.
N P S t
ANDQ2.0
of the operand with the inverted result of the previous
logical operation. t
P
AND of the rising edge with the result of the previous
logical operation.
N
AND of the falling edge with the result of the previous
logical operation.
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Basic Instructions
OR
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Basic Instructions
XOR
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Ladder assembling
Output
Input Instructions Instructions
N S
Ladder diagram
Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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Ladder diagram
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Another example:
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The instantaneous contacts change state as soon as the timer coil is powered.
The delayed contacts change state at the end of the time delay.
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On-delay, provides time delay Off-delay, provides time delay when the
when the relay coil is energized. relay coil is de-energized.
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Input: IN to activate
or Timers (PLC)
Mode: TON On delay
TOF Off delay
TP Monostable
%TMi
IN Q Time basis: TB 1mn (def.), 1s,
100ms, 10ms
MODE: TON
TB: 1mn
Programmed value: %TMi.P 0...9999 (def.)
period=TB*TMi.P
TM.P: 9999 Actual value: %TMi.V 0...TMi.P
MODIF: Y (can be real or tested)
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or Timers (PLC)
%TMi
IN Q
MODE: TON
TB: 1mn
TM.P: 9999
MODIF: Y
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or Timers (PLC)
%TMi
IN Q
MODE: TOF
TB: 1mn
TM.P: 9999
MODIF: Y
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TP mode
Temporized Relays Works as a monostable or as a pulse generator
(with pre-programmed period)
or Timers (PLC)
%TMi
IN Q
MODE: TP
TB: 100msec
TM.P: 5
MODIF: Y
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Timers implementation
in the Allen-Bradley PLC-5:
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Ladder diagram
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Ladder diagram
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Timers
Animated demonstration:
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Retentive Timers
Switch-off region
Switch-on region
Motor accumulated
motion (rotation)
defines the on/off
timing.
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Ladder diagram
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Retentive Timers
Animated demonstration:
(search on the Schneider PLC or discuss implementation)
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Example:
• SW ON to start operation
• SW OFF to stop.
(lubrificate 15 s more).
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Cascaded Timers
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Example of a semaphore
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Example
of a
semaphore
in both
directions
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Counters
Some applications...
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Implementation of Counters
in the PLC-5 of Allen-Bradley:
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Implementation of Counters
in the PLC-5 of Allen-Bradley:
Two alternative representations:
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Up-counters
Usage of an
incremental up-counter
and the corresponding
temporal diagram:
Ladder diagram
Example:
Counting parts
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Example
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Up/down-counters
Usage of an incremental
up-down-counter
and the corresponding
temporal diagram:
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Up/down-counters
Example:
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Cascaded Counters
Example:
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Cascaded Counters
Example:
Count
24 hours clock
Reset
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Cascaded Counters
Example:
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Incremental Encoder
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Incremental Encoder
Example:
counter as a ”length sensor”
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Specs:
• Starts M1 conveyor
upon pushing button .
• Restart sequence.
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Specs:
• Starts M1 conveyor
upon pushing button .
• Restart sequence.
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Specs:
• Starts M1 conveyor
upon pushing button .
• Restart sequence.
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Counters
Example:
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Ladder diagram
Numerical Processing
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Numerical Processing
Arithmetic Functions
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Numerical Processing
Example:
Arithmetic functions
Ladder diagram
Numerical Processing
Logic Functions
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Numerical Processing
Example:
Logic functions
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Numerical Processing
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Subroutines
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JUMP instructions:
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Example:
Attention to:
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Halt
Events masking
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• DRUMs
• Comparators
• Shift-registers
...
Ladder diagram
Numerical Tables
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Example:
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It is important to learn the potentialities and ...
the limitations of the developing tools,
i.e. “TO STUDY the manuals is a MUST.”
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Learn how to develop and debug programs (and how to do the fine tunning).
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System information: system bits
See manual
for the remaining
100 bits generated...
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System information: system words
See manual
for the remaining
140 words generated...
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Software Organization
Sas (LD)
MAST – Master Task Program
Oven1 (GRAFCET)
Composed by sections
PRL (LD)
Chart
POST (IL)
Execution SR0
Cyclically Drying (LD)
or
Cleaning (IL)
Periodically
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Software Organization
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Software Organization
Event Generators
• Inputs 0 to 3 in module 1, given transictions
• Counters
• Upon telegrams reception
• %S38 Enables or disables event processes
(also with MASKEVT() or UNMASKEVT())
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