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THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH

Society of Biblical Literature

TEXTS A N D T R A N S L A T I O N S
V|BJ PSEUDEPIGRAPHA SERIES

Harold W . Attridge, Editor

Texts and Translations 19


Pseudepigrapha Series 9

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH


based on
P. CHESTER B E A T T Y 2018

by
Albert Pietersma
and
Susan Turner Comstock
with
Harold W . Attridge
THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH
based on
P. CHESTER BEATTY 2018

Coptic text edited and translated by


Albert Pietersma
and
Susan Turner Comstock
with
Harold W . Attridge

Scholars Press
Distributed by
Scholars Press
101 Salem Street
P.O. Box 2268
Chico, California 95927

THE APOCAL YPSE OF ELIJAH


based on
P. CHESTER B E A T T Y 2018
by
Albert Pietersma
and
Susan Turner Comstock
with
Harold W . Attridge

Copyright © 1981
Society o f Biblical Literature

Library of Congress Cataologing in Publication


Data

Bible, O . T . Apocryphal books. A p o c a l y p s e o f Elijah.


Coptic. 1979.

The apocalypse o f Elijah.

(Pseudepigrapha series; 9 ISSN 0145-3238) (Texts


and translations—Society o f Biblical Literature; 19
I S S N 0145-3203).
In English and Coptic; introductory matter in
English.
Coptic te"xt reproduced from ms. copy.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
I. Pietersma, Albert. II. Comstock, Susan
T u r n e r . I I I . A t t r i d g e , Harold W . I V . Chester Beatty
Library. M S S - ( P a p . 2018) V . Bible. O . T . Apocryphal
books. A p o c a l y p s e o f Elijah. English. 1979 V I . T i t l e .
V I I . Series. V I I I . Series: Society o f Biblical Literature.
T e x t s and translations; 19.
BS1830.E45C66 1979 229\913 79-24788
ISBN 0-89130-371-5
I S B N 0-89130-373-3 pbk.

Printed in the United States o f A m e r i c a


1 2 3 4 5
Edwards Brothers
Ann A r b o r , Michigan 48104
PREFACE TO THE SERIES

TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS is a project of the Committee on Research


and Publications of the Society of Biblical Literature and is under
the general direction of Kent H. Richards (Iliff School of Theology),
Executive Secretary and Leander Keck (Yale Divinity School), Chair­
man of the Committee. The purpose of the project is to make avail­
able in convenient and inexpensive format ancient texts which are not
easily accessible but are of importance to scholars and students of
"biblical literature" as broadly defined by the Society. Reliable
modern English translations will accompany the texts. The following
subseries have been established thus far:
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA, edited by
Harold W. Attridge (Southern Methodist University)
GRECO-ROMAN RELIGION, edited by
Hans Dieter Betz (University of Chicago)
Edward N. O'Neil (University of Southern California)
EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE, edited by
Robert L. Wilken (University of Notre Dame)
William R. Schoedel (University of Illinois)
For the PSEUDEPIGRAPHA SERIES the choice of texts is governed in
part by the research interests of the SBL Pseudepigrapha Group, of
which John J. Collins (De Paul University) is currently Chairman, and
James H. Charlesworth (Duke University) is Secretary. This series will
focus on Jewish materials from the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman periods
and will regularly include the fragmentary evidence of works attributed
to biblical personalities, culled from a wide range of Jewish and
Christian sources. The volumes are selected, prepared, and edited in
consultation with the following editorial committee of the Pseudepigra­
pha Group: Sebastian P. Brock (Cambridge University, England) Robert
A. Kraft (University of Pennsylvania) George W. MacRae (Harvard Divinity
School) George W. E. Nickelsburg, Jr. (University of Iowa) Michael E.
Stone (Hebrew University, Israel) John Strugnell (Harvard Divinity
School).
The current volume differs from the other volumes heretofore
published in this series, since it constitutes the editio princeps
of a major manuscript witness to the Apocalypse of Elijah. Hence,
it has seemed desirable to provide a fuller textual apparatus than is
normally offered in this series, as well as photographic plates of
Papyrus Chester Beatty 2018 and of the Greek fragment of the
Apocalypse.

Harold W. Attridge, Editor


FOREWORD

The editio princeps of P. Chester Beatty inv. 2018 was made


possible by a Research Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Council of Canada which enabled me during the summer of 1977
to study the manuscript first hand. I wish to express to the Council
my sincere thanks and appreciation for their generous assistance.
To the Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art,
Dublin, I am grateful for the kind permission granted me to publish
this important manuscript of the Library's collection. In a special
way, I owe a debt of gratitude to the Islamic Curator, Mr. David James
who both professionally and socially has, on so many occasions, made
my stays in Dublin eminently profitable and enjoyable. In recognition
and with gratefulness this volume has been dedicated to him and his
wife Verna, who always makes their home such a pleasant place to visit.
My friend and fellow editor Dr. Susan Comstock has shared in all
the work that the present book has entailed. If it had not been for
her readiness to undertake the venture, this volume would not have
come into being. My gratitude to her is more than I can express.
The Editor of the Pseudepigrapha Texts and Translations, Dr.
Harold W. Attridge, has gone far beyond his official duties as Editor
of the Series. For his multifarious contributions to the book he has
more than earned his name on the title page.

Albert Pietersma
August 1979 University of Toronto
To David and Vern
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Series Preface v

Foreword vii

Sigla and Abbreviations xii

Introduction* 1

Coptic Text and Translation 19

Facsimiles of P. Chester Beatty 2018 67

Appendix: PSI 7 91

Indices 95

xi
SIGLA AND ABBREVIATIONS
1 2 3
Ach Gk Sa Sa Sa see Introd. p. 1
c
corrected reading (in manuscript)
l n c
incertum (uncertain reading of ms.)
om omit(s)
pr preceded by
tr (post) transposed (after)
v
^ ut videtur (apparent reading of ms.)
vs. versus
uncertain letter
= (in app. crit.) equivalent (but not identical) reading
original reading (of ms.)
1
< > editors addition
{ } editors' deletion
[ ] editors' reconstruction
I 1 scribal deletion
> resulting in
< resulting from
t verso side (of folio)
recto side (of folio)
1° etc. first occurrence etc.

xii
INTRODUCTION

The manuscripts:
Berlin, staatl. Museen, Abteilung P. 1862. Six folios [Steindorff
21-26, 35-36, 41-44], in the Achmimic dialect. III/IV century.
Papyrus. Edition: Georg Steindorff, Die Apokalypse des Elias* eine
ui&e'lipnnte Apokalypse vend Bruchstucke der Sophonias - Apokalypse*
koptische Texte, Ubersetzung> Glossar (Texte und Untersuchungen zur
Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, Neue Folge. II. Band, Heft
3a), Leipzig 1899. For Achmimic 39, 13-17 and 40, 12-16 see Carl
Schmidt, "Der Kolophon ..." p. 321, cited below.

Dublin, Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art, 2018


(Acc 1493). Ten folios, in the Sahidic dialect. IV/V century.
Papyrus.

London, British Museum or. 7594 (colophon). Forty one lines, in the
Sahidic dialect. IV century. Papyrus. Edition: Carl Schmidt, "Der
Kolophon des Ms. orient 7594 des Britischen Museums. Eine Untersuch-
ung zur Elias-Apokalypse," Sitzungsberichte der Preussisohen Akademie
der Wissenschaften (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse), Berlin 1925,
pp. 312-321.

Paris, Bibliotheque Nat., Copte 135. Seven folios [Steindorff 19-20,


27-34, 37-40] in the Achmimic dialect. III/IV century. Papyrus.
Six folios [Steindorff 3-14] in the Sahidic dialect. IV/V century.
Papyrus. Edition: Steindorff, op, cit.

Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, PSI 7. Fragment of 6.5 x


6.5 cm, in Greek. IV century. Papyrus. Editions: E. Pistelli in
Papiri greoi e latini (Pubblicazioni della Societa Italiana), vol. 1.
Florence 1912, no. 7, pp. 16-17; A. Pietersma, "The Greek Apocalypse
of Elijah," Appendix of present monograph.

The following abbreviations for the MSS have been employed: Ach
1 2
= the Achmimic text, Sa = the Sahidic text of Paris, Sa = the Sahidic
3
colophon text, Sa = the Sahidic text of Chester Beatty, and Gk = PSI 7.
Papyrus Chester Beatty 2018
1. The manuscript
P. Chester Beatty 2018 consists of ten folios, the first five of
which are virtually complete, while the remainder is in somewhat more
fragmentary condition but was skillfully reassembled into its present
state by Mr. A. F. Shore, formerly of the British Museum, who in 1958
wrote a brief accompanying note for the manuscript. A total of sixty
seven unplaced fragments were collected into a separate frame. The
majority of these, however, we were subsequently able to place and
re-unite with the manuscript before the final photographs were made.
Three of the remaining fragments perhaps deserve brief comment:
1
2/ Apocalypse of Elijah

a.6+ and a.7+ may belong on page TH (18) lines 13-14 to read (IT) <IKG-

(xeye) and (T)*A(Y) respectively. But since this creates serious


difficulties on the recto side of that folio ( T 2 " 0-7) lines 12-14)

these two pieces were left among the unplaced. Further, b . 5 + ( 6 and
x ) may have the initial letters of lines 1 and 2 of page z ( 7 ) with
M of ( M ) M ( * Y ) page TT ( 8 ) line 2 on the recto side. But again, a
number of problems preclude positive identification.
The pages of our manuscript were numbered X-KL ( 1 - 2 0 ) with the
following pagination extant in whole or in part: TT V X e" ^ z H
© T T X " I X T £ T H . The leaves formed, apparently, a single quire
of five bifolios, though no conjugate leaves have survived. In the
first half of the quire, ( X - T ) , verso precedes recto, while the reverse
is true for pages ~TX-"K . Though no page has been preserved in its
original size, it is clear from what remains that the manuscript had
ample margins. The largest extant leaf (fol. 4 ) measures 1 6 . 7 x 1 9 . 9
cm in totOj with upper and lower margins measuring, at their widest
points, 2 . 6 cm (fol. 8 - > ) and 2 cm (fol. 4 + ) respectively. Righthand
and lefthand margins are 3 . 4 cm (fol. 7 - * ) and 2 . 8 cm (fol. If). The
text of the manuscript was written in a single column of approximately
1 4 x 1 7 cm in size. Whereas the lefthand side of the column is rea­
sonably straight, the righthand side tends to be jagged in places.
Lines of writing per column number anywhere from 1 8 (p. 7 ) to 2 4 (p. 1 ) ,
and spacing between lines varies considerably. Good examples of this
variation are furnished by folio 3 + and folio 6 + . The number of let­
ters per line may fluctuate between 1 9 and 3 0 , but usually lines con­
sist of 24-26 letters.
An interesting feature of P. Chester Beatty 2 0 1 8 is its sys­
tem of punctuation marks which is apparently original to the manuscript.
In addition to supralineation as a mark of syllabicity, which one
usually encounters in Coptic manuscripts, a raised point or dot is
employed in our manuscript to mark syllabic division while a raised,
slanted stroke (') sets off (usually) larger lexical units which may
vary in length from a single morpheme (cf. e.g. '*iorr'2,2) to whole
clauses. Dot and stroke are mutually exclusive, but on occasion the
scribe appears to have changed his mind as to which was appropriate
in a given instance. To cite but one example, in 8 , 3 we now have
Fr'ney* H* 6 i *' . Evidently the scribe meant to write FT* n e y * H #
e I ' ,
Introduction /3

but by mistake placed a dot where he should have used a stroke.


Attempting to correct his first error he committed a second one by
pfacing the stroke first after R and only then where it belongs,
namely after Mn6yH6i. It needs to be stressed, however, that
although dot and stroke are mutually exclusive, it is by no means
clear in every instance which is to be read, since the scribe's fre­
quently elongated dots look at times remarkably like his strokes.
Again a few examples will illustrate the difficulty. In 10,10 we
read ey #
A I * X M X * XO> T I# #
Z6 ' where the dot after xi is elongated and
could be read as a stroke - which is hardly intended. In 16,6 we have
2 M * Meg * H [ T ] O ' o y ' . How is this to be read? What separates T O and
O Y must surely be intended as a dot but could easily be read as a
stroke. More difficult to interpret, however, is the mark at the end
of this phrase. Either stroke or dot would make sense and either can
be read! A further noteworthy fact is that dots are not all formed
in the same way. In addition to the dots that resemble the familiar
slanted stroke, one also finds, for example, short vertical strokes
(') and short diagonal strokes formed from left to right 0 ) . As one
might expect, neither the dot nor the stroke is used with absolute
consistency, though in the case of the former the degree of consisten­
cy is remarkable. As an example of inconsistency in this connection
one might cite N H ' C T T X in 3,15. In the two other fully extant
occurrences of this word we find a different division N e c ' n ' x (3,3)
and again N H C ' T I ' A (3,11). Greater inconsistency exists in the
use of the stroke. Let us take as an example the rather frequently
occurring phrase "at that time" expressed either in a plural or singu­
T e n
lar construction: aNNezooy/jfTneaooY eTMMxy. times in our
manuscript it occurs without a stroke separating the two main consti­
tuent elements (5,15; 6,1; 7,10.13; 9,9; 10,8.19; 18,4.15.21) but
twice we find it with a stroke before BTMMXY, without any apparent
difference in meaning being intended.
In addition to supralineation, dots and strokes, we find diaeresis
on final, medial and initial iota and once on medial upsilon
( neNTXH TAM i 6THYTN 1,6). Interestingly, in the vast majority of
cases the diaeresis is employed together with the supralinear dot.
Thus we find #
A 0)A 'I #
(2,19); ( -
6 ) 2 px #
7 (1,14; 2,14; 5,12; 7,8.9;
8,12; 9,5.8.9; 10,2.11; 11,11; 14,13; 17,8; 18,6.14); [xoyx]x 'i ,
4/ Apocalypse of Elijah

(17,1); NA 7#
(1,2; 3,1.7; 18,4); # #
NI OY XJ.' I-
(10,10); nx'7 (1,18;
# #
13,16; 14,7; 16,10; 18,10); ne*7 (16,15); T A 7 (12,19); O Y * * * 7
# #
(15,1.7); ]oY i (6,19). However, we also encounter (e )zpx7
(5,18; 12,6.7); T A 7 (4,18). Instances of diaeresis on medial iota
# # #
are nx'7 CDT (7,18) and TX 7 H*OY* (3,7), and on initial iota

7*u)T (2,2).

A raised comma or apostrophe appears after final gamma (9,14),


medial gamma (4,2.21; 9,16; 19,14), final kappa (9,3; 15,4.6; 17,13;
18,5; 19,10; 20,17), final lambda (17,6; 18,1), final tau (1,4.16;
2,2; 3,4.6.7.11.16; 4,1.5.19.20; 5,2.2.10.17.18; 6,3.17; 7,9.18;
9,2.6.18.19; 10,9.19; 11,1.2.11; 12,3.6; 13,15; 14,17.18; 15,10;
17,4.11; 18,3.6.10), medial tau (3,5.8; 4,12; 8,16; 9,1; 10,4; 11,8;
13,9.10; 14,17; 15,3; 16,8; 17,13.17; 18,12); + 2 0 , 1 4 . Like the
diaeresis, the apostrophe is followed by either a raised dot or raised
stroke, but, since the latter are mutually exclusive, never by both.
Abbreviation of the nomina sacra is limited to xp ICTOOXTT

(12,10.12; 18,13; 19,5; 20,5.9), and nN6YMA>nFFX (17,14). Once,


however, we find xpHCTOC (13,14), and the full form has been recon­
structed in 18,22 spatii causa. It is possible, of course, that in
3 1
the latter instance S a had a plus, but neither Sa nor Ach lends
support to this assumption.
The Chester Beatty Apocalypse of Elijah was written on what Mr.
Shore described as papyrus of a poor quality. Certainly quality
leaves a good deal to be desired. Frequently one finds patches of
twisted, chipped and missing fibers, and in spots the manuscript was
left blank due to its inferior state. One might refer here to 2,11
where a hole in the papyrus forced the scribe to write TT 6 i , or again
to 6,7 where a space equivalent to 4 or 5 letters was left blank
because of a crack in the writing surface. Similarly in 7,3-4 we find
blank spaces, and again in lines 15-18 of the same page. In line 16
of this passage the scribe intended to write N6(TOY**B) contiguously
but was forced by the surface to abandon his first effort to write e .

2. Scribal errors and corrections


On the whole P. Chester Beatty 2018 was carelessly written, and a
considerable number of errors escaped detection by the copyist. Supra-
linear corrections, however, are frequent and vary in length from a
Introduction /5

single letter to a whole line which, due to parablepsis, had been


left out. On page 1 the scribe's eye skipped from BTMKX (line 13f.)
to the same word one line lower, with the result that the intervening
words dropped out but were restored between the lines. A rather
interesting instance of supra-linear correction occurs in 17,13.
Initially the scribe apparently wrote TToyx I T O Y * instead of the
required Fee N O Y * • Realizing his mistake, he attempted to correct
it - but apparently placed N G G above the second rather than the first
IfOY* • Possibly thoroughly disgusted with himself by now, the scribe
at last introduced the appropriate correction, but with the result
that his various efforts and the state of the manuscript have given us
a somewhat jumbled text. Well attested also are instances of over­
writing. Thus, for example, in 5,5 an original GBOC was corrected to
6BOX. Twice, words which had been added due to dittography or

because of a misreading of syntax were crossed out: 3,2 EHTOY and 17,
5 M r * . Sometimes a mistake was arrested but not crossed out. The most
interesting example here is furnished by 10,11 where the scribe was
about to write 2 If twice but realized his mistake in time and left us
a partially written 2. Marginal additions are limited, as far as one
can determine, to the upper and lower margins. In the lower margin
of 7 we have rxeoN, and in the upper margins of pp. 14 and 18 one can
read TTt-XCDi] and M6i[x] respectively.
Before we leave this section an explanatory statement is in order.
In the upper apparatus of the present edition a perhaps questionable
approach has been followed. In addition to scribal corrections, all
evidently prima manu, the reader might reasonably expect to find fur­
ther corrections proposed by the editors. Indeed, a large number of
obvious scribal errors could readily have been corrected, but, since
in Coptic it is not always clear where mistakes end and orthographical
variants begin, we have refrained from following such a route. Fur­
thermore, the obvious mistake will present no problem to even amateur
Coptologists, while the more ambiguous phenomena deserve more exten­
sive treatment by experts than can be allotted to them in the present
context. There is, moreover, good reason to believe that both the
punctuation and orthography (among other things) of the new text will
be subjected in the near future to the detailed scrutiny they deserve.
6/ Apocalypse of Elijah

3. Date and text


On palaeographical grounds Mr. A. F. Shore, in the note to which
reference has been made above, dates the Chester Beatty Apocalypse
to the end of the fourth or the beginning of the fifth century A.D.
This date is corroborated by a comparison of our manuscript with the
most recent work on Coptic palaeography by Maria Cramer,"'" though per­
haps the date is more nearly fifth century than fourth. If this date
is correct the Chester Beatty manuscript is of approximately the same
x
date as Bib. Nat. Copte 135 Sahidic (=Sa ) which has been variously
dated to the fourth (Rosenstiehl), fourth/fifth (Shore), and fifth
(Carl Schmidt) centuries, and is somewhat younger than both the Achmi­
mic text of Berlin and Paris (third/fourth) and the colophon text of
the British Museum (fourth). One would do well to remember, however,
that dates based on palaeographical evidence alone are subject to a
substantial margin of error. The uncial script of our manuscript, or
2
rather its writing in capitals as E. G. Turner is wont to insist, is
much closer in character and appearance to the script of Ach and the
2 1 1
semi-cursive of Sa than to the more typical 'Coptic Uncial of Sa .
The new manuscript of the Apocalypse of Elijah confirms what
scholars have long held and what the BM colophon text graphically
demonstrated for the first time, namely, that the Elijah apocalypse
2
constitutes a separate, independent work. Like Sa but unlike Ach and
1
Sa our manuscript begins (and ends) with the Apocalypse of Elijah.
It is surprising that the Chester Beatty manuscript ends abruptly in
the middle of the speech of "the lawless one," and the line fillers on
the concluding line of page 20 suggest that the abrupt termination is
not due to the vicissitudes of survival. At least the immediate
Vorlage of our manuscript must likewise have lacked the concluding
pages of the Apocalypse.
Before looking at the question of textual affiliation we should
perhaps remind ourselves of the fact that not a single one of the four
Coptic manuscripts of the Apocalypse of Elijah now at our disposal con­
tains the complete work, but with the fortunate addition of the Chester
Beatty manuscript we do now at last possess the complete Apocalypse,

Koptische Palaographie, Wiesbaden 1964.


2
Cf. Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World, Princeton N.J. 1971, p. 1.
Introduction /7

and in spite of the many variant readings that separate our four wit­
nesses the unity of the textual tradition deserves to be emphasized.
Our most recently discovered witness to this tradition, P. Chester
Beatty 2018, apart from furnishing an impressive array of variae
leotiones, gives us thirty-four lines of text which were hitherto
unknown. Hence, with the help of our new manuscript and the results
of a re-examination of the codicology of the Achmimic manuscript by
Dr. Ibscher (see Carl Schmidt, op. cit., p. 318) the Apocalypse as a
whole can now be pieced together as follows:
3 2 1
Sa Sa Sa Ach
b
a. 1,1-4,16 l,l-2 ,17 19,1-24,4
b. 4,17-6,16 3,1-4,33 24,4-26,18
c. 6,16-8,14
d. 8,14-13,4 27,1-32,14
e. 13,4-14,17 5,1-6,20 32,15-34,17
f. 14,17-16,8 6,20-7,35
g. 16,8-20,16 7,35-13,11 35,1-40,16
h. 20,16-20,23 13,11-13,23
i. 13,23-14,29
j. 14,29-14,33 41,1-41,3
k. 41,3-44,2

In terms of contents this means:


3
Sa 1,1-4,16 I The prophet receives his commission
2
Sa l,1-2^,17
Ach 19,1-24,4 II The seer exhorts the saints and reminds them
f
of God s promises
A. The addressees are to refrain from sin
and love of the world
B. The people are urged to recall God's
acts of mercy, past and future
1. God sent his son to rescue "us"
from "the captivity of this age"
2. "Thrones and crowns" await those
marked by the Name and the seal
3. God's people will be led in safety
by the angels to"the city of God,"
while sinners will be ruled by the
powers of death
8/ Apocalypse of Elijah

III The end time will see "teachings which are


not of God"
A. God's law will be abrogated and his
covenant broken
B. The godly are not to be deceived
1. God himself instituted the fast

3
Sa 4,17-6,16 2. Fasting must be accompanied by
1
Sa 3,l-4,33
Ach 24,4-26,18 holiness
3. Fasting is efficacious
4. Prayer must be free from doubt
C. Being "wise to the times" will render
God's people invincible and fearless
IV The king of the North will appear
A. He will be labelled "king of Assyria"
and "unrighteous king"
B. He will wreak havoc in Egypt
V "A king will arise in the West"
A. He will be called "the king of peace"
B. He will kill the "unrighteous king" and
vent his anger on Egypt
C. By a ruse he will deceive the saints

3
Sa 6,16-8,14 D. God will reveal the king's signs to the
saints
1. He will be accompanied by two sons,
one on either side of him
2. The son on the right will have a
devilish appearance and forsake the
name of God
E. The wicked son (on the right) will
assassinate his father and assume supreme
power
1. He will issue a decree that "the
priests of the land and all the
saints" be seized
Introduction /9

2. Sanctuaries will be closed, homes


expropriated and the young be led
into captivity
3. Abominations will be offered and
the usurper will exalt himself to
heaven

3
Sa 8,14-13,4 4. Cities and people will be in a
Ach 27,1-32,14
state of great distress
VI "Three kings will arise in Persia"
A. They will settle the Jews of Egypt in
Jerusalem
B. Dissension in Jerusalem will signal the
advent of the "lawless one"
C. War will break out between the kings of
Assyria and the kings of Persia
VII A king from "the city of the sun" will make
his appearance
A. He will kill the Assyrian kings in
Memphis
B. He will order the destruction of the
heathen and their cults
C. Sanctuaries will be rebuilt and the wor­
ship of God will be re-instituted
D. A general state of prosperity and bliss
will exist
VIII In the fourth year of the king of "the city
of the sun" the lawless one will present
himself
A. He will claim to be the anointed one
(christos)
B. The saints are given the signs by which
the true christos can be recognized

3
Sa 13,4-14,17 C. The lawless one will take his stand in
1
Sa 5,l-6 20
f
"the holy place" and exercise power over
Ach 32,15-34,17
all things except death
10/ Apocalypse of Elijah

D. The signs of the lawless one will be


revealed to the saints
E. Tabitha will hurry to Jerusalem to
rebuke him for his acts

3
Sa 14,17-16,8 1. The lawless one will retaliate by
Sa^,20-7,35 , _ - . - ,
pursuing her to the regions of the
West, and cast her dead body on
the temple
2. Tabitha will rise from the dead
and renew her rebuke
F. Elijah and Enoch will come to oppose
the lawless one
1. He will fight them "in the agora
of the great city" for seven days
2. Elijah and Enoch will lie dead for
three and a half days but renew
their opposition on the fourth
3
Sa 16,8-20,16 3. The lawless one will again do battle
J
Sa 7,35-13,11
against them but prove powerless
Ach 35,1-40,16
G. The lawless one will issue orders for
the torture and persecution of the
saints
1. Some will succumb to bribery, and
receive diminished heavenly glory
2. Those who persevere will be seated
on God's right hand
H. Sixty chosen righteous will don the
armour of God and oppose the lawless one
in Jerusalem
1. In retaliation he will order that
"the righteous" be sacrificed
2. Many will recognize him from his
acts as an impostor
I. Christos will send his sixty-four thou­
sand angels to the assistance of the
Introduction /ll

saints
1. Those with the Name and the seal
will be removed on angelic wings
2. Gabriel and Uriel will lead the
saints to "the holy land"
J. The convulsions of nature will evoke
from the sinners a reproach against
the lawless one

3
Sa ,20,16-20,23 1. He will weep and bemoan his coming
!
Sa 13,11-13,23
doom

2
Sa 13,23-14,29 2. He will order the death of the
saints
3. Sinners will weep and express their
impotence against the saints
4. The lawless one will join battle
with the saints, but angels will
come to their assistance
5. God will command fire from heaven
and earth to consume the sinners
and the devil

x
Sa 14,29-14,33 K. A "just judgement" will take place
Ach 41,1-41,3

(cf. Gk) L. Elijah and Enoch will annihilate the


Ach 41 3-44 2
' ' lawless one and his adherents
IX Christos will make his appearance, accom­
panied by the saints
A. The old earth will be destroyed
B. Chris.tos will create a new heaven and a
new earth
C. The saints will share his company and
that of the angels for a thousand
years
12/ Apocalypse of Elijah

4. Textual affiliation
It remains to investigate briefly the textual affiliation of our
manuscript, and its value as a witness to the original text of the
Apocalypse of Elijah. Several facts call for emphasis at the outset.
In the first place, all our witnesses are fragmentary to a greater or
lesser degree, and for that reason no totally accurate assessment can
be made of their textual interrelationships. Secondly, it is beyond
the scope of the present work to reconstruct a critical edition of the
Apocalypse of Elijah - if indeed, such an undertaking were deemed
possible in detail at our present state of knowledge about this work.
We can at best give some pointers in what appears to be the right
direction. Obviously not all of our extant witnesses are of the same
textual value. In the third place, the enumeration of variant readings
does contain an element of subjectivity, but the margin of variance is
of no significant consequence for our purposes. Finally, though in
3
what follows Sa is the lemma text - and hence "lines of text" (etc.)
3
refers to lines of Sa - no value judgement is implied.
a. Lines of text
3 2
1) Sa and Sa share 47 lines of text
3 1
2) Sa and Sa share 215 lines of text
3
3) Sa and Ach share 340 lines of text
b. Number of variants
2 3
1) Sa versus Sa = 9 = .19 variant per line
1 3
2) Sa versus Sa = 115 = .53 variant per line
3
3) Ach versus Sa = 317 = .93 variant per line
3 2
From tne above figures it is immediately clear that Sa and Sa are
3
the most closely related and that Sa and Ach are the farthest apart.
But in order to get a more complete picture of the various interrela­
tionships we need to pair off the manuscripts,
a. Lines of text
3 2
1) Sa Sa and Ach share 47 lines
3 1
2) Sa Sa and Ach share 176 lines
3 2
3) Sa Ach and Sa share 47 lines
3 1
4) Sa Ach and Sa share 176 lines
2 3
5) Sa Ach and Sa share 47 lines
1 3
6) Sa Ach and Sa share 176 lines
b. Number of variants
Introduction / 13

3
1) Sa Sa versus Ach = 36 = .77 variant per line
3 1
2) Sa Sa versus Ach = 98 = .56 variant per line
3 2
3) Sa Ach versus Sa = 1 = .02 variant per line
3 1
4) Sa Ach versus Sa = 40 = .23 variant per line
2 3
5) Sa Ach versus Sa = 5 = .11 variant per line
1 3
6) Sa Ach versus Sa = 30 = .17 variant per line
2
What has now further emerged is that Sa is not only closely related
3
to Sa but well-nigh consistently stands with the latter against Ach.
1
It is also clear that S a , which unfortunately shares no text with
2 3
Sa , agrees much more frequently with Sa than with Ach.
All the above are, of course, raw figures; that is to say, they
tell us nothing about the kinds of variant readings that unite or
divide manuscripts. Normally when one is dealing with texts as exten­
3 1
sive as Sa , Sa and Ach, this fact poses no serious problem, since
matters average out. In the present situation we are, however, faced
with a complicating factor, which has the potential of wreaking havoc
with raw figures. Two (three) of our texts are written in Sahidic
but one in Achmimic, and the dialectical variations between these are
imprecisely known. Let us take one example to illustrate the problem
as we face it in the Apooalypse of Elijah. Six times in our Sahidic
witnesses we find 6U)NT either as a verb or as a substantive, but in
only one case does Ach read the same word:
1,5 T6Tir+6u)NT Sa 3 2
Sa : TeTN"*J*NoyKC Ach (19,4)
3
4,1 6M+6CDNT Sa : A<i-}-6a)NT Ach (23,4)
1
16,20 6H6CDNT Sa : HBCDXK Ach (35,13)
3 1
17,4 <INA6U)NT Sa S a : HUXBCD<X > K Ach (36,1)
3 1
18,12 TTH60NT Sa = S a : SBCDXK Ach (38,1)
3 1
19,9 2X9H n6u)NT Sa = S a : z i TZ I TTTH B \ K 6 Ach (39,7)

These variants and others of a similar kind have been included in


the apparatus oritious, but should they have been? One suspects that
at least 6u)NT and BCDXK are nothing more than dialectical varia­
tions and hence of no more text-critical value than, for example,
the variation 6BOX/XBAX , the likes of which have been excluded
14/ Apocalypse of Elijah

from the apparatus oritious. If, as is commonly held, the


Apooalypse of Elijah was first translated (from Greek) into Achmimic
and was from Achmimic rendered into Sahidic, one could argue that
the Sahidic translator would naturally render BCDXK by 6<DNT,

since the former is Achmimic and Subachmimic but apparently not


Sahidic (see Crum). But there would still remain the problem of
NOYKCT, the nearest Sahidic equivalent of which is Noy6"c , which we
might reasonably expect to find in our Sahidic texts - if Ach has
preserved the original Achmimic reading and if the development ran
from Achmimic to Sahidic. There is, therefore, good reason to attempt
to circumvent as much as possible the difficulties of dialectical
variation, and at the same time to try to go a step beyond a mere
enumeration of interrelationships. A computation of "additions" and
"omissions" will do the former, while an examination of some of the
"additions" and "omissions" ought to do the latter.
3
As before Sa serves as our point of departure. Not included in
our statistics are additions and omissions of bound morphemes such as
articles and other prefixes, infixes or suffixes.
2
a. Additions in S a : total 0
2
b. Omissions in S a : total 4 = .085 per line
2 3
1) Sa versus Sa = 0
2 3
2) Sa Ach versus Sa = 4 = .085 per line
1
c. Additions in S a : total 11 = .051 per line
1 3
1) Sa versus Sa = 5 = .023 per line
1 3
2) Sa versus Sa Ach = 5 = .028 per line
1 3
3) Sa Ach versus Sa = 1 = .006 per line
1
d. Omissions in S a : total 22 = .102 per line

J
A n interesting problem of a similar nature is T T 6 i / 6 e . The former,
according to Crum, is both Sahidic and Achmimic, while the latter is
Achmimic but not Sahidic. In the Apooalypse we find W6 i in Sa 3

1
(and Sa ) in 14 instances (1,10.18; 5,16; 9,1,10; 10,4.9.16.18.19;
14,9; 16,19; 17,3; 18,3) where Ach reads 6 6 , but in 6 cases (21,4.10;
22,9.15.17; 37,7) Ach reads N 6 I in agreement with Sa (in 37,7 Sa 3 3

has been reconstructed). Though we have not included these variants


in the apparatus, one might argue that they should have been.
Introduction /15

1 3
1) Sa versus Sa = 8 = .037 per line
1 3
2) Sa versus Sa Ach = 6 = .034 per line
3
3) Sa Ach versus Sa
1
= 8 .045 per line
e. Additions in Ach: total 44 = .129 per line
1) Ach versus Sa = 19 3
= .056 per line
3
2) Ach versus Sa Sa 2
= 5 .106 per line
3 1
3) Ach versus Sa Sa = 19 .108 per line
2 3
4) Ach Sa versus Sa = 0
5) Ach Sa 1
versus Sa 3
= 2 = .011 per line

f. Omissions in Ach: total 76 .223 per line


1) Ach versus Sa 3
= 39 = .114 per line
3 2
2) Ach versus Sa Sa = 7 = .149 per line
3 1
3) Ach versus Sa Sa = 18 .102 per line
2
4) Ach Sa versus Sa 3
= 4 .085 per line
1 3
5) Ach Sa versus Sa = 8 = .045 per line

conclusions we reached <earlier are confirmed by our further compu-


tations. The comparative figures for both additions and omissions in
1
Ach are more than twice as high as for S a , a fact which shows that Ach
3
is indeed the farthest removed from Sa . When we look at the pairs
3 2 3 1
Sa Sa and Sa Sa in relation to Ach we notice that the figures are
again appreciably higher than for other combinations - something one
might likewise have expected on the basis of our previous findings.
When we examine in some detail the pluses and minuses in Ach it
becomes readily apparent that in both categories stylistic particles
play a prominent role. Thus we find, for example, that xyw is
3 2 3 3
"omitted" ten times (1,18 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 2,17 Sa vs. Ach; 3,6 Sa
2 3 1 3 3
vs. Sa Ach; 5,8 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 8,15 Sa vs. Ach; 9,2 Sa vs. Ach;
3 3 3 1 3
10,1 Sa vs. Ach; 13,3 Sa vs. Ach; 17,4 Sa vs. Sa Ach; 19,5 Sa
1 3 3
Sa vs. Ach) and "added" three times (11,11 Sa vs. Ach; 11,15 Sa vs.
Ach; 17,17 Sa 3 1
Sa vs. Ach). (TT) r x p is omitted four times (1,8 Sa 3

2 3 2 3 3 1
Sa vs. Ach; 1,22 Sa vs. Sa Ach; 4,12 Sa vs. Ach; 18,18 Sa vs. Sa
Ach) and added once (8,16 Sa vs. Ach). A.e is omitted twice (3,17 3

3 3 1 3
Sa vs. Ach; 14,6 Sa Sa vs. Ach) and added twice (4,4 Sa vs. Ach;
3 1
19,5 Sa Sa vs. Ach), though twice more in longer additions. OY A

3
is omitted once (2,9 Sa vs. Ach) but never added, except in a longer
3 2 3 1
addition, x e is omitted twice (3,10 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 20,5 Sa Sa
3 2 3 v i d
vs. Ach) and added thrice (1,7 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 2,6 S a vs. Ach;
16/ Apocalypse of Elijah

5,14 S a Sa vs. Ach). 6 6 is omitted twice (2,18 Sa vs. Ach;


3 1 3

3 3 2 3
8,16 S a vs. Ach) and added twice (1,18 Sa S a vs. Ach; 5,4 S a
Sa 1
vs. Ach). x x x x , pa) and e n are omitted thrice (3,19 Sa vs. 3

3 v i d 3 1 3
Ach; 12,10 S a vs. Ach; 18,8 Sa vs. Sa Ach) twice (4,14 S a
3 1 3 v i d
vs. Ach; 16,11 S a Sa vs. Ach) and once (2,11 S a vs. Ach) res­
pectively, but are never added. Similarly e2px"i is omitted five
3 3 3
times (5,12 S a vs. Ach; 10,2 Sa vs. Ach; 10,11 Sa vs. Ach; 17,8
3 1 3
Sa Sa vs. Ach; 18,6 Sa vs. Ach), but is never added. On the other
3 1 3
hand, XBXX (BBOX) is added twice (6,8 Sa Sa vs. Ach; 17,6 Sa
1
Sa vs. Ach), but never omitted.
As singular variants in Sa we note that x y u ) 1
is omitted once
(15,13) but is never added, and pa) is added once (5,12) but never
omitted. Only in one occurrence of any of the particles on which we
3 1
have focused do Sa and Ach (possibly) line up against S a : 16,9
3 v i d 1
NTOK Sa Ach: pr x e S a .
Perhaps more interesting and revealing than the presence or
absence of stylistic particles, when one attempts to assess the rela­
tive worth of the manuscripts, are the substantive pluses and minuses
we find upon a comparison of our witnesses. In Ach we have at least
seven sizable omissions which were caused by parablepsis:
3 2
1,3 T6TlTp*NOB6 xyu) Sa Sa (om. xyu)) : om A c h . One suspects
2
that xyu> is secondary and that, consequently, S a has preserved the
original text.
4,6-7 T N H C T U rAp ecoyxxB Sa : 3
om Ach
3
9,6-7 AXXX 6periMOY nurr NTOOTOY S a : om Ach
3
9,9-10 zfx'i 2 IT NeaooY oyoe iq) 6TMMA y S a : om Ach
11,17-18 TTceojcDX FN^nHoye TTf^eeNOC TTC6TAKO N"NeyHHB
3
S a : om Ach
3 1
17,12 eyxo) MMOC x e xiop Sa «= S a : om Ach
3 1
17,20-21 N6NTAY2 ynoM I Ne A6 S a : om Sa Ach
3 l v i d
Probably to be added is: 5,3 x p i c x s e aR neoyoe iq) Sa = S a : om
Ach.
3
In Sa there are two certain cases of sizable omissions caused by
parablepsis:
3
13,4 TTseipe S a : + <INAXOOC FTnoo2 x e epiCNxq seipe Ach. That a
3
reference to the moon has dropped out of the text of Sa is also clear
from M1TM.XY, which presupposes both sun and moon.
3
17,7 HNX6IN6 S a : pr MNX6IN6 NNoyaXXp6 XBXX aTT NoyxnHy6 Ach=
Introduction 111

1 3
Sa . A third likely instance is: 11,4 BTMMXY Sa : + «N Naooye

6TMMO Ach.
1
Sa does not seem to have any singular cases of sizable omissions
by parablepsis. However, the omission of xyco NTguvrT RMOOY in 16,3
is a possible though not obvious instance.
From the above it is obvious that Ach has suffered more from
scribal parablepsis than has either of the other texts, and to that
extent reflects the least trustworthy tradition. In many cases the
3
resultant text of both Sa and Ach is intelligible, of course, but
this only enhanced parablepsis and does not argue against its having
occurred.
3 1
A brief survey of additions reveals that both Sa (and Sa ) and
Ach contain evident expansions, though the latter somewhat more clearly
so than the former. In Ach we note the following:
1,2 xe Sa 3
Sa : 2
+ najHpe RnpcDMe Ach

1,10 nxoeic Sa 3
Sa : 2
+ Rnexy Ach. Cf. 1,18

1,22 xpxHxrrexoc Sa 3
= 2
Sa : + oyA6 xxoye FxpxH Ach

2,13 NTOOY Sa : 3
+ CGNAXI a)ine Ach

4.15 enno\6MOC Sa : 3
+ X M 6 U 6 Ach

5,6 nKXz Sa 3
Sa : 1
MTT N 6 T X « p x < i RnKXa Ach

5.16 TOT6 Sa 3
Sa : 1
nMoy A6 NXIICDT XBAX MMXY xoy Ach. Cf. 9,2.6

11,4 xpHMX Sa : 3
+ Rn^nee'ie 6T- Ach

11,15 RnKXa Sa : 3
+ 66 HnepcHC Ach
3
12,6x6 Sa : pr eyxoy RMXC Ach
3 v i d
12,9 OYON Sa : 66 ncpHpe NTXNOMIX Ach
13,3 xpiKXK6 Sa : 3
pr HNXXOOC xe Ach

13,3 xpioyoeiN Sa : 3
pr qNXXOoc X6 Ach

16,8 nxT0)in6 Sa 3
Sa :1
+ a> nq)Hpe TTTXNOMIX Ach

16,18 NXAX6 Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ xnNoyT6 Ach
3 1
17,2-3 epenkocMoc THpT Nxy epooy Sa = Sa : enxxoc THP<I NO

Xpxy MN nKOCMOC TH pH Ach


3 v i d 1
17,23 ceNXxpo Sa Sa : pr CGNXXI ZMXT XX"N 2 6NK6K6ye Ach.
3 1
One must admit here, however, that an omission in Sa Sa is also
quite possible.
18,8 xxy Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ xTT TTaxpn Ach

18,13 NTKGX6Y6 Sa 3
= Sa : 1
+ xx6po F2 6 N 2 H Y 6 Ach
3 v i d 1
20,1 XYCD Sa : pr nKX2 NXO;OOY6 Sa = Ach.
18/ Apocalypse of Elijah

There is further the lengthy plus at 17,6 (see app.crit.) but due to
a one line lacuna in Ach its full import cannot be determined.
3
In Sa the following appear to be expansions:
3 v i d 2 v i d v i d
2,1 6BOX 2 N TCA 5 P Sa : om S a Ach
3,13 6TQOB6 Sa 3
Sa 2 V l d
: om Ach

4,3 MTTFTCCDC Sa : 3
om Ach
3
4,10 eyc-J-NOY^e Sa : om Ach. An omission in Ach is also a distinct
possibility.
3
9,8 6KO)T6 egpx'i* Sa : om Ach
9,16-17 eTNXcpcDne Sa : 3
om Ach

10,17 NT6YNOY Sa : 3
om Ach
3
11,14-15 FTnepcoc NXXI Sa : ceNXXi Ach. As recorded above we find
(virtually) the same plus in Ach but at a different point. It is
difficult to know which of the two manuscripts, if indeed either, has
preserved the original reading.
3 v i d
12,20 N6i nexc Sa : om Ach
18,12 IT 6 i nXTO)ine Sa 3
= Sa : 1
om Ach

18,14 6N0)HOY€ Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach

19,12 <1)XNTOYXITOY S a 3 = S a l : o m A
ch
3 1 v i d
19,16 NC6N2KO Sa = Sa : om A c h
20,8 6Yq)OY6!T Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach

20,12 MTTNOYGX I * i c Sa 3
= Sa : 1
om Ach
1
Singular pluses in Sa are few:
15,12 XN Sa : 3
+ TTTOK 6KTu)6e MMOK TT€N6TOY**B Sa 1

3 v i d
18,19-20 iNxKU)T6 XN NCX fl- S a : MH eiKuyre UTOH en TT20YO
1
Fcx M - Sa
Though more variant readings could be cited, our overview has been
3
sufficient to indicate the textual affiliation of Sa , Our survey
3
suggests further that in S a , and more generally in the Sahidic tradi­
tion, we are perhaps closer to the original text of the Apocalypse of
Elijah than in the textual tradition represented by Ach.
COPTIC TEXT

and

TRANSLATION

19
20/ Apocalypse of Elijah

t Ul
na)x*xe* R[nx]o*eic' xHcgcone u}xpo7

6<I*XCD* R'MOC* NA* 7' xe [xxic Rne7


# # #
xx'oc' xe TB6 oy' T6*fF[p"] NO B6 x [yu)

Te'TN'oy'ea* NO'BG' e*x~N N6*fN*NO*[Be

5 e* T C * fN*^* 6(DNT #
R*nxo*eic' HNOY'TC [

neN * T X I * T X * M I * € * TH*Y*TF' R*rfp*M6*pe* nKo[c

Moc f
oy*Ae* N6*T*<i)o*on* [alR* HKOC'MOC' na)[oy
cgoy* rxp* R* n K o c * MO [c] ' nx • H A I * x * BO* XOC * ne[
# #
MF* ne<i Ba)x e*BOx' *P | #
nMe*ey*e* xe* XH'UJTN

10 2T]H<I' 2X*pu)*fF' IT' 6 r n ' x o ' e i c ' neN'Txq [TX

Mie F] * K X NIM' XC'KX'XC* e*He*NXZ*MN* e'B[OX

2F* T 6 * X M X * X(D* C I * X ' R #


[ n ] X 1 • 6 I * X I * CDN ' OY*MH[H

0)6* rxp* Fcon' x * n x i * [ x ] B [ O ] XOC ' e * n i * e y * M i ' e* [TM

KX* npH* e'cijx* e[2p]x*7* e*xR* n[KX2 o]y*Ae* e*fM*

15 KX* n KX 2 * e-J- [K]xp*noc eq * o y * a ) * u ) * a } * e*u)MTk

F*Np*pu)*M6 F*ee* R*neKpu)M* en'nHT* 2~F* [oy

po*oy*e' 6«,*OY*axi)* e*oM*Koy' F*ee* F*oy*MO*oy[

xy*a>* e*TB[e] nx*7' xi * u } N * 2 T H H * 2X*poN* F* 6 i • nu [oy

Te' R*ne*ooy* <i N X * T N * N O * o y * R* nei *o)H* p e * e[

20 nKoc*Moc' xe* e * H e * N X 2 * M~TN] * 6'BCX' 2~F* TX I [

X M X * xo)* c i * x ' R* nei * T X * M e * x r * r e * x o c [

F*rxp* 6M*NH*Y* ci)x*poN' o[y]*A6* xp*XH*x[rre

xoc' xx*xx* x«i*a)BTTH]* F*ee* N o y * p [CD


M6* ei*[NHY (l)X]*po[N X6 6H6NX2MN

3 3 C 2 3 v i d
4 oy 2 Sa * | 14 KX - etM Sa = Sa Ach | 24 eiNHy Sa *

2 NX7 Sa 3
Sa :2
om Ach | xe Sa 3
Sa : 2
+ na)Hpe Rnpu)Me Ach | 3
T6TN7 NOB e Sa 3
Sa : 2
om Ach | x y c o Sa : 3
om Sa 2
Ach | 4 exF Sa 3

2 3 v i d 2
Sa : XXCTF Ach | 5 eTefN-}- 6(DNT Sa Sa (Teffi-) : TefF-j-
KoyKC~ Ach | 6 n e N T X I TXM I e THYTN Sa 3
= Sa : 2
6TX2T€N6 THNC
Ach | 7 N6T0)Oon Sa 3
Sa : 2
NCT- Ach | 7-8 nq)oya)oy Sa 3
Sa : 2

pr xe Ach | 10 nxoeic Sa 3
Sa : 2
+ Rnexy Ach | 10-11
3 v i d 2 v l d 3 2
neNTXHTXM I e Sa Sa : 6TX2TXNO Ach | 11 FKX Sa Sa :
F2CD Ach I X6KXXC Sa 3
Sa : 2
KXXC Ach I 12-13 oyMHHuje Sa 3
Sa : 2

2X2 Ach I 14 eq)X Sa : 3


xnfpie Ach | oyAe Sa 3
Sa : 2
xoy
Ach | 16 RneKpu)M Sa 3
Sa : 2
FoyKu)2T Ach | 16-17 oypooye S§ 3

Sa : 2
oyapxy Ach | 18 xyo) Sa 3
Sa : 2
om Ach | nx7 Sa 3
Sa 2 V l d
:
+ 66 Ach | 19 HNXTNNOoy Sa : 3
X I T F N X H Ach | 20 xe Sa 3
Sa : 2

3 2 3
KXXC Ach | 22Frxp Sa : om Sa Ach | xpxHxrrexoc Sa :
xpxixrrexoc Sa : 2
xpxxrrexoc Ach I xpxHxrrexoc Sa 3
= Sa : 2
+
3 1 n c
oyAe xxoye FxpxH Ach | 24 xe Sa : KXXC Ach |
Text and Translation /21

[1]

The word of the Lord addressed me

as follows: "Say to this

people, 'Why do you sin and

multiply sin,

5 provoking to anger the Lord God

who made you? Do not love the

world nor what is in the world

for the world's pride and its destruction

are the devil's.'" Remember that the Lord

10 who created everything had compassion on you,

in order that he might rescue us from

the captivity of this age. For

often the devil has desired to

prevent the sun from rising over the earth and

15 to prevent the earth from giving produce, wishing

to devour men like fire racing through

straw, wishing to swallow them up like water.

And, because of this, the glorious God

had compassion on us. He will send his son to

20 the world in order that he might rescue us from the

captivity. For he did not inform angel

nor archangel when he came to us,

but he changed himself into a man,

when he came to us in order that he might rescue us


22/ Apocalypse of Elijah

6BOX 2~N TC]xp** N [ T 6 T N O } ] CD* P 6 * 6 6 * NX [H


# #
. .]TTo)H£[e 6H](pcD ne* NH'TN' 'I'CDT' X p[ i nMe
#
e y e ] ' x e ' XH*COBT6* NHTN* F* z € N e po* N [OC

Ml' 26N*KXOM' 2~N* m e * x e * O Y ' O ' N I M ' 6*T[NXCCD


/
5 TM' F'cx* nes*2po*OY c e ' N X ' x i * F* N e * e p o * N [ o c
#
MN * N6*KXOM' 2~TN]*N6*T6 Noy* 6 1 * NC' ne'xe*

n [xoe i c
/
-|-*NX*C62* nx'pxN' e*xF* T 6 y * T e 2 * N e F*-r[xc<|>px

r i ' z e * T e y * 6 i x ' FNOY'NIM' ce*NX2*KO [AN

oy*A6* F*ce*NX*ei* Be* X N ' oy*A6* M*no)H*£[e F

10 T X * N O * M I * X * NX*tfN*60M* 6*po*oyxN' oy*A[e ce

NX'KCD'XY* M*MOOY* X N ' F* 6 I * Ne*opoc* 6 * T [ l

x x ' x x * c e * N X * M O [ o ] *d)6 ' MTN] * F * x r * r e * x o c '

0)x* T X * n o * x i c [F]*peM*7* N[O]B6* Ae* F*TO*OY'

c e * NX* o y " e* TB * Ne'epoNoc* X N * e*2px*'i' xx*xx* ce*

15 NX*X*MX2*T6* M*MO*Oy' F*C6*p"* [x]o*6lc' 6*pO*Oy'

F* 6 i * Ne*epo*Noc' M* riMoy* 6BOX* x e F ' x r ' r e *

xoc' n i * e e * MN*MX*OY* X N ' XY*U>* X Y ' X ' X Y * F*O)M*MO*[

e ] * N e H * MX * F*o>D*ne' CCD'TM* 6e* F*CX*B6*OY* F* [

T]6* n KX 2 ' 6 * N [ . ] * T 6 2 * Ne*nXX*OC' 6 * T N X * X * (1)X * I [

20 FT]*5X*H* F* [ N C O Y ] * o * e I G ) ' x e * 6Y*[N]X*KU)* NX'OY* F[

26NCBOOY6 eNXHNOYT6 X ] N * Ne' 6Y[NX

3 3
5 n e ^ p o y Sa 3
| 9 CCNXCIBC Sa | 10 epo Sa | 11 MMO
3 3
Sa * | 12 x x r e x o c Sa * | 14 epoc Sa * 3
| 15 M o o y Sa * 3
|
3
17 x y x y Sa * |
3 v i d 2 v i d v l 3
1 6BOX 2~N - r c x p * Sa : 9m Sa Ach | Fcx n e q 2 p o o y S a :
FCCD'I Ach I6 nxoeic Sa 3 v i d
: + x e Ach I 7 -J-NXC6 2 n x p x N
Sa : 3
fNXcae'i RnxpeN Ach | 8 Tey6 ix Sa : FToy6 ix Ach I 9
3 3 v l d
OYA6 S a : om Ach | 11 e n Sa : om Ach | 13 FTOOY Sa :
+ ceNXXi o)ine Ach | 17 x y u ) S a : 3
om Ach | 18 66 Sa : 3
om
Ach I FcxBeoy F T C Sa : 3
Fp M F 2 H T Ach | 19 6N.T62 Sa : 3

6TB6 Sa 2
Ach I N6nxx<N>oc Sa 3
= Ach: NeeinxxNOC Sa 2
| 20
3 v i d 2
FT2 XH Sa : FexH S a : sF T«X*I Ach |
Text and Translation /23

[2]

from the flesh, and that you might indeed become

his children (and) he your father. Remember

that he has prepared for you thrones

and crowns in heaven. For everyone who will

5 obey his voice will receive thrones

and crowns. "As for those who are mine," says the Lord,

"I will write my name upon their foreheads and set

a seal on their right hands." They will be neither hungry

nor thirsty, nor will the lawless

10 one prevail over them, nor will the

powers any longer hinder them;

but they will walk with the angels

to my city. Sinners, however,

will not outstrip the powers, but the powers

15 of death will seize them and have dominion

over them because the angels

do not obey them, and they have made themselves strangers

to his dwelling places. Hear now, you wise

of the earth, concerning the deceivers who will multiply

20 at the end time, because they will adopt

teachings which are not God's; they will


24/Apocalypse of Elijah

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20 c]T6y*e #
ne*TN[H]*CT6y*6* F*T6* 6*NTiOY^^B

2 2 HTOY bis.Sa 3
* | 6 RMoy Sa * 3
| 7 CMONT Sa * 3
| 10
eTRMOy Sa * 3 v i d
| 15 ONHCTIX Sa * 3

1-2 6 T 6 - 2H T Q Y Sa 3
Sa : 2
TAyeipe NToyaei T r r o y N eN e y Ach |
3 TTTNHCTIX Sa^Nec^Sa : 2
TNHCTIX Ach | oyTe Sa : 3
oyAe Sa 2

Ach I 5 NOIMMO Sa 3
Sa : 2
CDRMO Ach I RnNoyTe Sa 3
Sa : 2
R Ach I
6 xyu) Sa : om Sa v u
Ach | ey«ia>6e Sa Sa : e y p x n o c T e p e i Ach
| 6N € p H T Sa 3
= Sa : 2
TTiTtyn o>n Ach | 7 6 T 6 Sa 3
Sa : 2
A6 Ach |
XN Sa 3
Sa : 2
om Ach ( b u t cf C 6 C M X N T 6 TTNoyxeici)) | 8 T N I C T I C
3
Sa : 2
niCT ic Ach 10 NA'I efRMxy Sa 3 v i d
Sa : 2
NCTRMO Ach
3 2
xe Sa Sa : om Ach 11 T N H C T I X Sa Sa : NHCTIX Ach 3 2

X I N TXiTXMie Sa 3
Sa : 2
NTXHTXNO Ach | 13 6 T Q J O B 6 Sa = 3
Sa 2 v i d
:
1 4
o m
3
A c h
2 vid 6NN6«ip- 2 x x Sa 3
Sa 2 V l d
: N 6<ICQU)Ba Ach | 15 noNHpoc
S a S a
' nnopoc Ach | 16 I T T A I CCDNT Sa : 3
TCTAVCCDNT Ach |
17 A 6 ^Sa : om Ach | 17-18 6 N e q f NOBC Sa :3
tr post N I M Ach |
18-19_ N2HTq/ i 2 +TCDN Sa : 3
tr Ach | 19 xxxx Sa : 3
om Ach I
20 NT6 Sa : 3
x e Ach | 6N<ioyxxB Sa : 3
eqoyxxBe 6 N Ach
Text and Translation /25

set aside God's law - people whose

god is their own belly, who say,

"Fasting has no validity, nor

did God institute it." (Thereby) they

5 estrange themselves from God's covenant

and deprive themselves of precious

promises; they are at no time

rooted in firm faith.

Do not let those people deceive

10 you. Remember that the Lord

instituted fasting from his creation

of the heavens, as a benefit to mankind on account of the passions

and the changing lusts which oppose

you, so that the evil one would not

15 deceive you. But holy fasting

is what he has instituted. The Lord

says, "He who fasts will never

sin, even though there be in him envy

and quarrelsomeness." But let him who is holy

20 fast. He who fasts, however, without being holy


26/ Apocalypse of Elijah ^
+ A.

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3 3 3 3
2 XCD Sa * | 13 6TtDcne Sa * | eoy Sa * | 19 CMX Sa *

3 MNTTCCDC Sa : 3
om Ach | 4 OYNHCTIX Sa : 3
NHCTIX xe Ach
5 TTTxnxoeic CCDNT Sa : 3
T C T X ' I C C D N T Ach | 6 eioyAXB 3
Sa :
OY**BC Ach | CYOY^^B Sa : 3
OY**BC Ach | 6-7 TNHCTIX -
ecoY**B Sa : 3
om Ach | 8-9 cpxcNex 26NAXIMONION Sa : 3

s x p e c + K A X IMCDN Ach | 10 eYC+NOY^e 3


Sa : om Ach | 12 rxp Sa
om Ach | 13 eTCCDOje Sa : 3
XTKXV Ach | 14 pcD Sa :3
om Ach
15 ennoxeMoc Sa : 3
+ XMeiae Ach | 16 CMHT i Sa :3
MH Ach
3 3 l v i d
| MH Sa : om Ach | 16-17 ceNX2CDTB RMOH Sa Sa :
3 l v i d 3
ceNxaXTBT Ach | 17 XN Sa = Ach: RMXY Sa | XMC^CDC Sa
Ach: x<iccDa)H Sa 1
| 18 6MNNu)60M Sa : 3
MN 6OM Sa 1
Ach | 20
2"M TeYnpoceYXH Sa : 3
z TT ren npoceyxH Sa : 1
jsnpoceYXH Ach
20-21 e i o NKXKe Sa 3
Sa l v i d
: e'fe NKe i e Ach v l d
|
Text and Translation 111

angers the Lord as well as the

angels, and he harms his own soul;

furthermore, he accumulates against himself wrath

for the day of wrath. Holy fasting

5 is what the Lord instituted with pure

intent and holy hands. For holy

fasting forgives sin,

heals diseases, casts out

demons, exerts power up to the

10 throne of God, as an ointment, as a fragrance,

as a remission of sin through holy prayer.

For who among you would go

out to the field, take pride in his skill

but fail to take a tool in his hand? Or who would

15 go to war without being equipped with armour?

If he be discovered, will he not be killed,

because he disregarded his duty toward the king?

In the same way, it is impossible for anyone

to enter the holy place in a state of doubt.

20 He who doubts in prayer

is darkness to himself, and the angels


28/ Apocalypse of Elijah
+ 6

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#
20 <INX*2(D*TB M*np*pO F* T X * A I * K I * X * C6*NX*

X I * M*n6*KBX* F* K H * M 6 * 2~N * OY* no * X 6 * MOC '

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3 v i d 3 3 v i d
5 6BOC Sa * I 12 noxoc S a * | 16 6TNM(AY) Sa * |
3
NXTCDOYNT Sa *

1 epon Sa 3
Sa : 1
N6M6H Ach | ecgtone Sa : 3
qjtone Sa 1
= Ach |
FT6T~NO Sa : 3
6T6TFO Sa 1
= Ach | 3 xpicxBe 2~M n e o y o e iq) Sa : 3

ep"pi.XK6 2F n62poei Sa : 1
om Ach | 4 FKX Sa : 3
UZIDB Sa : 1

F2XT6 Ach | NepcDOY Sa 3


= Sa : 1
+ 66 Ach | 4-5 FNXCCYP ioc Sa : 3

FXCCYP ioc Sa 1
Ach | 6 nKX2 Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ MF N6Taxpx<i FfnKX? Ach
| N6T6 NOY61 N6 Sa 3
Sa : 1
-f-NOY 66 Ach | FC6CDSM Sa : 3
C6NAq)6M
Sa 1
= Ach | 7 nexxH F6 i Sa 3
Sa : 1
nxxe Ach | 7-8 FceNAf 20T6
Sa : 3
C6NX7 20T6 Sa : 1
ceNxp zutoze Ach | 8 2"F OYnoxeMoc
Sa 3
Sa : 1
aff nnox6Moc Ach I xyxo Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach | 9
3 1 v i d 3 v i d
6XHTCDOYNT Sa : 6HTCDN Sa = A c h | 10-11 FNXCCYP IOC Sa :
FXCCYP ioc Sa 1
| 12 6 2 px"i ex~N Sa : 3
2px"i 2 ixF Sa : 1
xxF Ach
| 13 N6(D/ropf~p Sa : 3
N6H(D/ropTp" Sa 1
= Ach | NAAOJ X2 0 M Sa : 3

Nxaxi)e20M Sa 1
= Ach I 14 z i oycon Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ xe Ach | 15
MHHU)6 Sa 3
(MHG)6) Sa : 2X2 Ach | 16 TOT6 Sa 3 1
Sa : NMOY xe
NxncoT XBXX RMXY *OY Ach | HNATCDOYNT 3
Sa : HNATCDOYN Sa 1
= Ach
I 17 2~M neMNT Sa 3
= Sa : 1
aF NCX FT116MNT Ach | 18 HNxnorr Sa 3

Ach: H ncoT Sa 1
| 62px7 ex~N Sa 3
Sa : 1
2 ixF Ach | 20 ceNXXi Sa : 3

6MNXXI Sa : 1
HNAXI Ach | 21 oyno\6MOC Sa 3
Sa : 1
26Nnox6MOC Ach
Text and Translation /29

[5]

do not obey him. If, however, you are

always single-minded in the Lord,

be wise to the times, in order that you may

discern all things regarding the kings of the

5 Assyrians and the destruction of heaven and

earth. "Those who belong to me will not be

overpowered," says the Lord, "nor will they

be afraid in battle." And

when they see a king who has arisen

10 in the north, they will name him the king of the

Assyrians and the unrighteous king. He will

increase his wars and disturbances

against Egypt. The land will groan

with one accord. Your children will be seized.

15 Many will long for death at that

time. Then a king will

arise in the west, whom they will name

the king of peace. He will run on

the sea like a roaring lion.

20 He will kill the unrighteous king.

Vengeance will be taken on Egypt by war

and there will be much bloodshed.

3 1
| 22 eyocD. Sa = Ach: xyco Sa |
30/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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I 7 2 6NAO)poN Sa * | 3

1 2~M H 6 2 0 0 Y Sa : 3
2TT N 6 2 0 0 Y 6 Sa 1
= Ach (ITIT2-) I 6TMMXYOY

Sa : 3
6TRMXY Sa 1
= Ach | HNXKexeye Sa 3
Sa : 1
XT«I7K6X6Y6 Ach
| 3 oyeipHNH Sa 3
Sa : 1
-)-pHNH Ach | ITN6TOY^^B Sa :. 3
TTNxei
A 3 1 v i d
BToyxxB Sa = Ach | 4 1NX2 ITOOTH Sa = Sa : om A c h |
ITHXOOC Sa : 3
exooc Sa 1
| 5 NoyeooY Sa 3
Sa : 1
TT2 6 N T X i o ,
Ach |
3 1 v 3 1
TTNOYHHB S a = Sa : TTN6TOYAXB6 Ach | 6 M N X X i c e Sa Sa :
3 1 3 V l d
o y x i c e Ach | R M X S a Sa : NTOHOC Ach I eToyxxB Sa
1 3 1
Sa : TTN6TOY**B6 Ach | 7 ey^oyen S a Sa : tr post R N N O Y T 6
Ach | 8 <iNXKOf9 Sa 3
Sa 1
(-KTOI): + XBXX Ach, | 11 I F N ^ e e N O C
3 1 3 V 1
Sa Ach: TT2 6 0 N O C Sa | 12-13 TT2 6NoyHHB Sa = Ach: NOYHHB
Sa 1
| 13 epooY Sa : 3
6pxTOY Sa : 1
xpeTOY *P*Y Ach |
NC66U)n6 Sa 3
Sa : 1
X6u>n€ Ach | 14 ITITCXB66Y Sa 3
Sa 1
(ITcxBeoYe) :
NTTpRN2HT Ach I 15 eyMHTponoxic Sa : 3
XTMHTponoxic Sa 1
Ach
| 16 6<IX<D Sa 3
Sa : 1
eyxoy Ach |
Text and Translation /31

[6]

At that time he will decree

peace throughout Egypt and a worthless gift.

He will grant peace to the saints.

He will undertake to say, "The name of

5 God is one." He will bestow honor on the priests

of God. He will exalt the holy places.

He will give worthless gifts

to God's house. He will circulate among the

cities of Egypt by deceit, without their knowledge.

10 He will enumerate the holy places.

He will weigh the heathen idols. He will

count their wealth. He will appoint

priests for them. He will command that the wise

men of the land be seized along with the eminent ones of the

15 people, and that they be taken to a metropolis

by the sea, saying, "There is but one language."

But when you hear, "Peace and joy exist," I will


32/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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H [ N ] x * TCD* o y * N~*I * e*xo)q* F* 6 i * n6H*cgH*pe'

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THpl* NX * 0 ) T O p * T P ' 2~M* n6*20*Oy* 6*TM*MX[y

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15 2l*XM* nKX2* THp~«l ' N~* C 6 * 6<D* n 6 ' F*NOy[

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T X * n x * *i * U ) T * TX*xy* NH'TN* MN* N [X

rx*GON '

5 NOY20 Sa 3
* I 6 RnNoy Sa 3
* | 9 MNHG Sa
Text and Translation /33

[7]

for here are his signs. I will tell them to you

in order that you may recognize him. For he has

two sons, one on his right

and one on his left. Now, th^ one on the right

will assume a diabolical appearance.

He will abandon the name of God. For

four kings come from that king.

And in his thirtieth year

when he comes to Memphis he will construct a

temple in Memphis at that time.

His own son will rebel against him

and kill him. The whole

land will tremble. At that time

he will issue a decree throughout

the entire land that the priests

of the land be seized along with all the saints,

saying, "Every gift which

my father gave you and all benefits


34/ Apocalypse of Elijah

-* H

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#
15 0}A*20M* 2~M* ne*20*OY 6 * TM * MAY* AV*CD[ ]

#
C 6 * N A * CCD* T M * AN* 66* 6*n6*2pO*OY M*N6T*

f 6* B O X ' MN* fl 6 T * CUtD * CD n ' 2"F * NA*TO*pA[

NM*I10*XIC' F * KH * M 6 ' C6*NA*XI* 0)0*€icp[

C6NApi]M6* [66 2] I O Y * COH '

1-2 NMMA Sa * 3
I 2 6TOYAAB Sa * 3
I 9 oyx Sa * 3
| 19 zicon Sa * | 3

13-14 GyzApnArH Sa : 3
aFoyTCDpn Ach | 14-15 C6NAAG)A2 0 M Sa : 3

NACDO)6 2 A M Ach | 15 2~M H6 2 00Y Sa :3


aF F2OOY6 Ach | AYCD
Sa : 3
om Ach | 16 ceNACCDfM Sa : 3
+ rAp Ach | 6 6 3
Sa : om Ach
I 17 neTOjCDCDn Sa : 3
n6TTAY Ach | 2~N Sa :3
om Ach | 18
c 6 NAX i Sa : 3
NAXI Ach |
Text and Translation /35

[8]

you shall return two-fold." He will

close the holy places. He will seize

their homes. He will take

their sons into captivity. He will

5 command that they perform sacrifices,

abominations, and galling acts upon the land. He

will appear beneath the sun and the moon at

that time. As for the priests of the land -

they will tear their garments. Woe to you

10 at that time, rulers of Egypt,

because your day has passed! The violence

of the poor will turn against you

and they will seize your sons

as plunder. The cities of Egypt

15 will groan at that time, and

no more will be heard the voice

of buyer and seller in the markets

of the cities of Egypt. They will collect dust.

The inhabitants of Egypt will weep


3 6 / Apocalypse of Elijah

t e
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TT]*CX*BOX* R ' M O ' O Y ' Ce*NX*BCDK* e * X R NM*

ne*TPX' IT* ce * <io* 6oy* 6*BOX* 2i*xcD*oy' ey*


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6 * KCDT 6 * 6*2pA*'l* 2l*XM* HKX2* T H f l '
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61 iTp'pO* N"* C 6 * 6 t D * n e * TT*C2l*M6* N I M '

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T X * N X r * KH * TT* NM * HO * X 6 * M O C ' 6*TN*X*

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e*Nex* [COTC e

20 TM]e*ci*(D* R*nKX2/ e*[c]e*|- 2 H * § [ e ] ' [ 2 ] 1 T

7 oexitic Sa * 3
| 6OO0) Sa * 3
| 9 2~N N 6 2 0Y Sa 3
12 Nxy
J 3 *
Sa 17 TTC6u)ne Sa
3 3
2 xyci) S a : om Ach | Irre Moy Sa nMoy Ach | 3 HexBOX MMOOY
;
Sa <\ K x o y e Ach I C 6 N X BCDK Sa aTT N " 2 0 o y e CTRMO C6Nxna>T
Ach ex~N NM- Sa : X 2 pH I X N - Ach I 4 NC6H060Y Sa
C6<KD6€ Ach 2 IXCDOY F c e T M M o y Sa : X N
Sa : om Ach 6
NoyMoy Ach | 6 - 7 xxxx T T T O O T O Y ^ Sa* om Ach | 7 e c o c i ) Sa :
CNXXcge'i Ach | 8 6 K C D T 6 6 2 px*i Sa*: om Ach | 9 - 1 0 pxV -
etTfMxy S a : om Ach | 1 6 noxeMoc S a : noxic Ach
3
16-17
3

GTNxa/one S a : om Ach | 1 7 qNXKexeye S a : + X N AchI 1 7 - 1 8


3 3

<i)Hp6 Sa : x I xoy Ach 19 NC6TCXBOOY 6N6X Sa : ccTeoye


XT6BXY X + K Ach | 20 RnKX2 Sa : 3
6T2 IXM nKX2 Ach | ece-
3
Sa NX- Ach zK FNoyo6icp Sa : 3
om Ach |
Text and Translation /37

[9]

with one accord. They will desire

death but death will flee

from them. They will climb onto

rocks and jump down on them, and

5 say, "Fall on us!" And

they will not die but death runs away

from them, while double affliction

again increases throughout the whole land

at that time. At that time

10 the king will command

that every nursing woman be seized

and be brought to him in fetters

and that they suckle dragons and

that their blood be sucked from their

15 breasts and made poisonous. Because

of the stress of wars which

will take place, he will command that every

boy, twelve years and under, be seized

and be taught to shoot arrows.

20 The midwife of the land will mourn


38/ Apocalypse of Elijah

TT] N o y * o * e ICD/ XY*CD* Te* TXC* M I * ce ' e*ce<i[i 'IXTC

f
e*2px*'i* e * T n e GC'XCD* R*MOC' xe* e*TB6* o [y N'T

X*2~M*MOC* e * TCD* B € ' 6X*n€* C0H * p 6 ' € * H KX [ 2

e*ce*px*a)e' IT* 6 i * TX*6PH*NH' MTTT * n x p *

5 ee*NOc' ec'xtD* R*MOC' xe* n e * o y * o * e ici)* n[e

e* Tp e* N p x ' c p e ' xe* MN* cgH*pe* 0)O*on NAN*


-
2 ] I * X M * n KX z ' AX*XA* N6N*cgH*pe' ey [ E ] F * R*
f
n H * o y * e 2~M* ne*20*oy* e * TM * MAY ' 6Y[NX]*TCD*

OY'NOY' TT* 6 I * O)OMNT* TT*7*po' 2~M* n e ^ ' c i c '


f
10 e y * x i * X M A * XCD* T i * z e ' TT* N i * O Y * A X * " i ' e*T0)O*on

2~N* KHM6 ' TT* C € * X I * T O Y ' 6 * 2 p X * "l ' 6* 9 I ' 6* JOY* CA *

XHM' TTce*6a)p"6* R*MOC* NXY* F*K6*con[

TO*T6* e * T e * T N * cpx N * CCD* T M ' xe* ncopx* ne [

MN* T X C * <j>X* X I * X ' 2~N* © I * 6 * pOY* CX * A HM ' W(D [ 2

15 TT* N e * T N * 2 0 * e i * T 6 ' TT* N O Y * H * H B R'nKX^t

xe* <i'NX*tDck* X N ' e*R*nH6i* TT* 6 i * ncpttgef

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TT] 6 I * nx*NOMOC* 2"N* Ne*20*OY e * TM * MA [ Y ] 2~N [

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20 NRnepcHC 2~N Ne]20*OY* e * TM * M [ AY

3* 3*vid 3*
8 nHY Sa 10 eicgoon Sa 12 NC6cop6 Sa

1 AYU> Sa* om Ach eces i IATC Sa ACNA<I I 66TC Ach


e2pA*i Sa : 3
<om Ach 2-3 TTTA2~MMOC Sa 3vid. x I 2Me c Ach
d
n e o Y o e iq) Sa nTToY^'ici) Ach | 7-8 6Y2~N Sa XNXN xyaoon
sTT Ach | 8 2~M n € 2 0 0 Y 3
Sa : « F TT200Y6 Ach 8-9
6YNATCDOYNOY Sa A Y N ATCDN e Ach I 9 2~M nepcic Sa : 3
3N
RnepcHC Ach 10 eyx IXMAXCDT i z e Sa' cep" xixMXXCDTize Ach
| 11 e pA'l
2 Sa 3
om Ach | 12 TTKecon Sa : 3
ceoYCD2 RMO
Ach | 13-14 ne - icpoYCXXHM Sa : 3
neT2 N T2IepoYCXXHM Ach
J
| 16 ncgH p e Sa 3
q^Hpe Ach | 17 NT6YNOY Sa om Ach I
HNAOYON 2H Sa 3 . : om Ach
<INXOYU>N2 Ach I 20 6TMMXY Sa ;
Text and Translation /39

[10]

then, and she who has given birth will look

heavenward and say, "Why did

I sit on the birthstool to bring a child into the world?"

The barren one and the virgin will

5 rejoice and say, "It is time

for us to rejoice, because we have no

children on the earth; rather our children are

in heaven." At that time three kings

will arise in Persia

10 who will capture the Jews who are

in Egypt and bring them to Jerusalem

and settle it with them once again.

Then, if you should hear that there is dissension

and <no> security in Jerusalem, rend

15 your garments, you priests of the land,

because the destroyer will not be long

in coming. Straightway the lawless one

will make his appearance in the holy places,

at that time. The Persian kings

20 will withdraw at that time.


4 0 / Apocalypse of Elijah

-+ IX
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c]e*NX*7* ci)OM*Te* F*poM*ne' 2~M* nMX* e * TM* Mxy[

0)XN* T O Y * 1 I * M*ne*XpH*Mx' 2M* nMX* 6 * TM * MXY '

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TT* N e p * H H * Y 6 * TT* N e * T O Y * X * X [ B HNX-J- F ] 2 BN * AID* p o [ N

20 CYKHB' e * n H * e i * R * n N O Y * *re [HNXXOOC x e OY* ne

npxN* R* nNOY* T 6 ' nKX2 [ T H F~n NXoytocgT RnepcHC

nK6*ajcnxn* x e * [eTeRnoYMoy 2 * FIIXHTH

C€N]X*XO*OC' x [ e OYFPO FAIKXIOC neNTxnxoeic

4 ZM MX Sa * 3
I 1 0 poc Sa * 3
| 1 8 NCYHHB Sa * 3
|
1 ] 2 p i T Sa : 3
xapnxpiT Ach | 1-2 TTNXCCYP I O C Sa : 3
Fxccyp 10c
Ach I 2 TTcenoxeMi Sa : 3
ceNXMiae Ach | 4 xpHMX Sa : 3
+
Rnfnee'ie 6 T - Ach | CTMMXY Sa : 3
+ aTT F 2 0 0 Y € 6TMMO Ach | 8
NeTcgoon 2~N K H M G Sa : 3
N6TFaHTI Ach | 9 SNXTCOOYNT Sa : 3

<1N*TCDN6 Ach I 1 0 - 1 1 2~N N 6 2 0 0 Y 6TMMXY Sa 3


: OM A c h I 1 1 HKX2

Sa : 3
pr XOY TC Ach | NXu/ropfp Sa : 3
aTXpTpe Ach | HNXHCDT
Sa : 3
na>T Ach | 1 2 TTTTp pcDOY S a : 3
Fpx'i Ach | 1 2 - 1 3 MN" RnepcHC
Sa : 3
RnepcHC Ach | 1 3 HNxeipe Sa : 3
Nxeipe Ach | 1 3 - 1 4
1 N X 2CDTB Sa : 3
C 6 N X 2-CDT B 6 Ach | 1 4 N 6 pcooY FNXCCYP ioc Sa : 3

np"po F x c c y p ioc Ach | 1 4 - 1 5 Rnepcoc NXXI Sa : 3


C6NXXI Ach
| 15 Rn KX 2 Sa : 3
+ 6 6 RnepcHC Ach | iNXKexeye 3
Sa : X O Y cep"
K6X6Y6 Ach | 1 5 - 1 6 FC62(DTB Sa : 3
xacDTBe Ach | 16F26GNOC
Sa : 3
TTF2 6 G N O C Ach | FNXNOMOC Sa : 3
FXNOMOC Ach | 1 6 - 1 7
*INXK€X6Y6 Sa : 3
ceNxp" Kexeye Ach | 1 7 - 1 8 FcecptDX - qruKexeye
Sa : 3
OM A c h | 1 8 FCGKCDT Sa : 3
XKCDT Ach | 19FN6TOY^XB Sa : 3
Text and Translation /41

[11]

with the kings of the Assyrians;

and four kings will do battle with three.

They will spend three years there,

until they have removed the wealth in that place.

5 Blood will flow from Qus to Memphis.

The river of Egypt will turn into blood so that no one can drink

from it for three days. Woe to Egypt and to

those in Egypt! At that time,

a king will arise in the city which is

10 called "the city of the sun." At that time

the whole land will tremble. He will hasten

to Memphis in the sixth year of the kings of

the Persians. He will lay an ambush in Memphis. He will

kill the Assyrian kings. The Persians

15 will take vengeance on the land. He will command that

all the heathen and lawless be killed. He will

- command that the pagan temples be plundered

and their priests be annihilated. He will command that

the holy places of the saints be rebuilt. He will give double gifts

20 to the house of God. He will say, "The name

of God is one." The whole land will worship the Persian.

And the remnant, which did not die under the blows

will say, "A righteous king it is whom the Lord

3 3 i n c
N6TOYXXB6 Ach MNAf Sa : C6NA+ Ach | 20 MNAXOOC Sa :
3 3
C 6NXXOOC Ach 22 ujtDxn Sa : ceene Ach | A 6 Sa : om Ach |
42/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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4 #
TN'NO'OY ** NAN' X 6 * N[N6]nKA2 f X [ X 6 I 6 HNX
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F*poM*ne' MN* CO'OY* F*N6*BOT' HKA2* N [A


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# #
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ifp * n i * C T 6 Y * 6 * e*po<«* [e]HcpAN*ei* x e * 6HN[HY

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6 p o * O M * [ n ] e ' KO)*T6* e*POH* eq*Mo*9*tge[

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R* n e c * [ T X ]Y* poc ' CCDK* 2X* T 6 H * 2 H [

e*pe* nK[oc]Moc' THP~H' NXY* e*po<i* F*e[e

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Cp[x] R[MX F2CDt~h] ' TA*'l* T6* ©e' e*Tes*[

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11 P O H S a * 3
| 14 P O H S a * 3

2 xe N6Y+ Sa : 3
ATR-J- Ach | 6 xe Sa : 3
pr eyxoy MMAC Ach |
THyfN Sa : 3
om Ach | FTeTN6<D Sa : 3
TeTN2-cone Ach | 7 2pA*i
3 3 V 1
NT6 S a : om Ach | 9 OYON Sa : 6 6 ntt)H p e FTANOMIA Ach |
3 v i d 3
10 AXXX Sa : om Ach | 11-12 e i c g x N e 1 - nexc" Sa : nxc
xqcpxei Ach I 12-13 FNOYM6 2XX Sa : 3
FOYCXMFT Ach | 13
neHKXOM Sa : 3
nKXXM Ach | 15 e p e - Sa : 3
e - Ach | 16 2X
3 3 3
T eH2H S a : 2 H T M Ach | 17 e p e - Sa : e - Ach | NXY Sa :
NXNO Ach I
18-19 2 F - OJA R M X S a d 3 v i
XN FCX Mnfpie cgx N C X
Ach I 20 F6 1 n e x c Sa : om Ach | 3 v l d
:
Text and Translation /43

[12]

has sent us, that the land might not be devastated." He will

command that no king be given them for three

years and six months. The land will be

full of prosperity and great plenty.

5 The living will go to meet the dead

(and say), "Rise up and remain

with us in this state of bliss," In the

fourth year of that king

there will appear one who says,

10 "I am the Christ," but he is not. Do

not believe him. But when the Christ

comes, he comes in the manner of a bevy

of doves with his crown

of doves encircling him, as he walks

15 on the vaults of heaven, with the sign

of the cross preceding him,

while the whole world sees him like

the sun which shines from east

to west. This is the way in which

20 the Christ comes, with all his

angels surrounding him. The lawless one, however,


44/ Apocalypse of Elijah
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= Sa : ctoa Ach |
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Sa 3
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Sa 3
Sa : 1
OYXEETI Ach | 16 eTefFxcoYowq Sa 3
= Ach: TeTNXCoyxDNq
x h S f l 3 :
Sa 1
I 18 N Q Y + Y +YXH Sa 1
Ach | rxp Sa 3
Ach: om Sa 1
|
3 V l d 1 3 v i d
19 x e Sa = Ach:. X6KXXC Sa
| 20 n e x H 6 Sa Ach: NEXHK
1 3 l n c 1
Sa I FOYKOYI Sa = Sa : F O Y * H M Ach |
Text and Translation M 5

[13]

will proceed to take his stand

in the holy place. He will say to the sun,

"Fall," and it falls, "Be dark," and it complies, "Shine,"

and it does. He will accompany them through

5 the sky and say, "Walk upon the sea

and upon the rivers as though they were dry land." He will

make the lame walk. He will make the deaf

hear. He will make the dumb speak. He will

make the blind see. Lepers he will

10 heal. The sick he will cure. The

demon-possessed he will exorcize.

He will multiply his signs and wonders

in everyone's presence. He will do

the things which the Christ did,

15 with the sole exception of raising the dead.

By this you will know that he

is the lawless one: he has no

power to give souls. Now his signs

I will tell you in order that you may recognize him.

20 He is a little peleE, tall (?)

thinlegged, with a tuft of grey hair on his forehead


46/ Apocalypse of Elijah

f I A.

TP [XCD<t]

T?*6xx*oy*TTT' e* pe* TP N C < I * toy* ze* M H * [y ti>x

N6q*R&Mx*x*xe' e*oy*N* oy*TO* *PC<D€V ZI[OH


IPN6<I* 6 I X ' <INX*<9B* TT*. R * 116 * f M * R * tlTO [

e* B O X ' £TP c o n * Mew' <INX*7* fx'xo' eew* c o n [

5 A 6 ON* <INX*7* <I)H*p6* <I)HM' <tNX*<5BT"q' £M [

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coy*a>N<i' x e * TT*TO<I* ne* nqjtPpe* ^X^NO

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10 6*T6* nec* p x N * ne' T X * s t*ex x e * x* nxT<i)in[6

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e] z p x * 7 ' e* + [. ] . o y x [ x ix N T C * C O * O * ZG' R[MO<I

cpxepx'i [ee t e p o y c x x H l w ' ec*x«>* R[MOC

15 NX<I* xe* a) [nxTcpine o>] na)H*p6* 1 T T X [

NO*MI*x' <0 [n6TX<l7 X]X*X6 6*N6*TOy*X* [

x] B TH*foy [TOT6 <INX6CD]NT' 6x*nxpee[

NOC F 6 1 nxxcptne <0NX*IKDT* TT*c[ti>c

cnxspx't €RMX FgcoTn] R*n([H <INX

20 CQ>HT RneccNO<t] R * nNxy [IT

poy^e iT^Noyxe R]MOC' e*2jx[7

9 clTx ( X C C D T M ) Sa *: 3
CITN (XCCOTR) Sa 3 c
| 10 n e p x N Sa * 3

1 I T 6 x x o y T T T Sa S a : TTcgxTM62HX Ach3 1
| epe Sa S a : om Ach | 3 1

N 6 < I B O Y 2 6 S a : N€<t1T2 Sa Ach


3
| 2 oyTO S a : O Y K C D K Sa « Ach 3
1 3 1

Rnefft Sa » S a : om Ach
3
I 4-5
1
zT*(z I N Sa )-ON Sa Sa 1 3 1

(HNCOH: 2 iMK6<c>on Sa ): N * N 6 T C X N T Ttcwn Ach 1


| 5 ojnpe Sa 3

Ach: om Sa | ci)HM Sa S a :
1
+ « I N X 7 a X x o Ach3 1
| 5-6 zh M x e t N
N I M Sa - Ach: zn N 6 < i M X 6 t N
3
Sa I 6 x e Sa S a : om Ach 1
| 7 3 1

TTN6<KDU>BTOY Sa : HNXGDJBTOY 3
X N S a : N o y a o ) t 6 € Ach | 11 1

oyouzH 3
Sa « Ach: oya)Na Sa | R M X Sa Ach: IJMX 1
Sa | 11-12 3 1

CNX60X6C Sa « S a : C6xxxec
3
Ach 1
| 13 6*fX*i Sa Sa : 3 v i d 1

lfca><t <t>xz pM*i Ach I 14 <nxe px*t ee i e p o y c x x H M Sa * : (<t)ci)x 3 v d

xzfx'i exteeiexHM S a : o>x rz l e p o y c x x H M1


Ach | ecxo) R M O C
Sa S a : om Ach
3 1
| 15 NX<I S a : om Sa Ach | 3 1
Text and Translation /47

[14]

like one who is bald* His eyelids extend to

his ears. He has leprosy on

his hands. He will change himself before you.

At one time he will be an old man; at another,

5 he will be a young child. He will change himself with

every sign, but the aspect of his head

he will not be able to change. By this you will

know that he is the lawless one.

The young woman whose name is Tabitha

10 will hear that the shameless one

has made his appearance in the holy places. She will

dress in her linen clothes and hurry

to Judaea and reprove him

as far as Jerusalem, and say

15 to him, "0 you shameless one, 0 you lawless

one, 0 you enemy of all

the saints!" Then the shameless one will become

angry with the young woman. He will pursue her

to the region of the setting of the sun. He will

20 suck her blood in the

evening and toss her onto


48/ Apocalypse of Elijah

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CNXT](D* OYNC* R* n ' N x y ' F*tuu>*pn' €*CO*N[2 NTC*

c o ] o * [ze] • R *MOH ' 6C*XCD* R*MOC* xe* nAT(D[i]ne'

MTN* 6[o]M* F*MOK* 6TA*+Y*XH' OY*A6* MA * CCD* M A '

5 x]e* -f-oiTg* A * N O K* 2"M* nxo*eic' TT* O Y * 0 * 6 icn* N I M '

nA*K6*CNOH* IT* A [ 6 ] ON ' 6 N * T A K * N [ O ] yxe R * MOH '

#
exTM* irp'ne' Ai*cyu>*ne* TP [o] Y * * " f * H'nxx'oc'

T ] O T 6 * 6<I9ANCC0* T ~ M ' F*6l* 2 H * A I * X C ' RN * 6*


#
NCDX* xe* A * n A * TO) 1 * ne' OY'ONI* G'BOX' 2~N

10 MMA* e'TOY'x'XB' C6*N[H]Y* e*ne*CHT' F*ce*

nO*Xe*M6l* RF*MX<|' 6Y*x[u)]* M*MOC* NAM * X 6 *

NKcp]ine* AN* x[e] KO. F*O3M*MO* TT*OY*

0 6 10)] NIM A*KTP X]AX6* € * N A * T [ 116 A ] ^ '

AK€ip]€* 6 * N [ 6 T ] 5 I *XTl* n KA 2 ' A [ K"p* X ] A *

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C$M[M]O* N*N[0Y0€I0)] N I M ' A[K26 6BO]X 2~N [

T] ne F*oe* M[MCIOY F2To]oY*e' A[K<DIB]6' x

]T6K*<|>Y[XH "p KA]*K6* e* [poK iTTrcptine

ftD* A N ' TT*T[OK 6KTCDK MMOK 6 NNOY

20 T6] N*TO*OK* n[AIABOXOC 1NXCCDTM

F6]i* NXT[a)ine NM 6U>NT Nlnox6

2 riNXY S a * 3
| 5 F o e icn 3
Sa * | 16 GBOC 3
Sa * |

2 CNATCDOYNC Sa*: CNATCDOYN Sa 1


| 6CON2 3
Sa : NCCON2 Sa 1
|
FAC ON Sa : 3
om Sa 1
| eNTXKNoyxe Sa : 3
XKNoyxe Sa A
| 10 M M A
Sa 3 v i d
: nMA Sa 1
| 11 N A M Sa : 3
om S a 1
| 12 A N Sa : 3
pr po>
Sa 1
| AN Sa : 3
+ FTOK eKT(D6e MMOK F6N6TOY**B Sa 1
| 13 x y u )
S a 3 v i d
: om S a 1
| 14 6 N 6 T 2 I X M Sa : 3
ANAA- Sa 1
| 15
eNxrrexoc MF N6OPONOC 3
Sa : ANepoNoc XKeipe XNxrrexoc Sa 1

18 T€KH>YXH Sa 3 v i d
: T6<J>YXH Sa 1
| 20 HAIXBOXOC Sa 3 V l d
:
OYAIXBOXOC Sa 1
|
Text and Translation /A9

[15]

the temple, and she will become salvation for the people.

At dawn she will rise up alive and

rebuke him saying, "You shameless one,

You have no power over my soul, nor over my body,

5 because I live in the Lord always,

and even my blood which you spilled

on the temple became salvation for the people."

Then, when Elijah and Enoch hear

that the shameless one has appeared

10 in the holy places, they will come down and

wage war against him saying,

"Are you not ashamed seeing that you are estranged

constantly? You became an enemy of heavenly beings,

now you have acted against those on earth as well. You became an

enemy

15 of angels and powers. You are

an enemy for all time. You fell from

heaven like the morning stars. You have changed.

Your substance (?) has been darkened. Are you not

now ashamed, you who hurl yourself against

20 God? You are the devil." The shameless one

will hear, become angry and wage war


50/ Apocalypse of Elijah

t IS

MI [MN]M*XY' 2l #
TX*ropX N*TN06 M[nOXIC

[p" c ] x * c p * IT*20*oy' ei -
no* x e * M e i * MTN

M[MX]Y' XY'CD" N~*l * 2 € D * fl * M*MO*OY* TTc e [

J CpOM' IT*20*OY' OY*60C' 6Y*MO*OYT 2 1 [

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#
2~M* M62 M [ T ] O O Y * IT*A6* IT*20[O]Y' C 6 * N X * TCD* O y [
#
NOY ON' IT*ce*co* [ o ] * 2 6 * M'MOH' 6Y'XCD* [MMOC
#
NXS xe* o) nx*T(i)i ne* #
N~r*a)i*ne* pcD XN [
#
TTTOK' 6K*nxx*NX R*nxx*oc* RnNoyT [ e
#
10 nx*7* e T 6 * R n e K [CDJ en* 2i*ce* epo<i' N"T*CO[
# #
OYN pcD* X N ' IT*T[O]K' xe* T N ' O N I * 2~M n*x[o
# #
eic' 6N #
6co o 26 [M]MOK NOYO*6[ICD]* [ N I M

6K*x[CD R]*MOC' X 6 * X [ | 6 ] M * 6 0 M [62PX*I


#
e*xw [NX'I] TN*NX*KCD* 6*2[pX*l] N" TCXp[3 IT

15 ne* 7 [CCDM] X ' IT* T N * 2cp[f~B R]*MOK [eRN

6OM [MMO] K' e*cpxx[e 2]R* ne*2[o]oYt

6 ] * T M [ M X ] Y ' T 1 [CDNT 2~M] nxo*eic[

TT] * [oYoe I ] *cp* NIM [xe KO] IT*XX*X6* N"[

O Y o e ICD N I M HNXCCDJTTI IT* 6 i * nx [ T

20 (DINE e<i6a)NT TPT n o x ] e * Me i * NM*M[XY

TnOXIC THp"C NXKCDT6 6 ] * pO*OY' 2~TM

6 2QOY Sa *3
| 1 2 6NC0026 Sa 3

3 XYU> ~ MMOOY Sa om Sa 6 2M M6 2HTOOY Sa : 2lT


NMX 2 TOOY Sa NA6 Sa : 3
xe Sa 1 1
6 - 7 ceNXTCDOYNOY 3
Sa :
c e NXTCDOYN Sa 1
7 ON Sa : 3
om Sa 1
| 8 N X H Sa* om Sa
nxTCpme Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ u) n c p H p e FTXNOMIX Ach | 9 TTTOK Sa 3inc
Ach: pr x e Sa 1
RnNOYTe Sa Ach: RnlTNOYT6 Sa | 1 1 pcD
XN Sa : 3
tr S a : 1
om pcD Ach | 1 2 6N6C002 6 Sa :3
ecuxoge Sa 1

| 1 2 - 1 3 6N6C0026 - 62 px'i Sa 3
Sa 1
(eccD(D2e-): e y x o y .TTcnexe
XY6IT6XM XPXH eyxoy MMXC x e Ach | 1 5 ne'iccDMX Sa 3 v i d
= Sa : 1

nnlTx" Ach | 1 7 TFCDN2 Sa 3 i n c


Sa : 1
TlTxcDpe Ach | 1 7 - 1 8 2~M
nxoeic / TToYoeicD N I M Sa 3
= Sa 1
tr Ach | 1 8 xe Sa 3 v i d
Sa : 1

ITTXK AS Ach I TTxxxe Sa 3


5a : 1
+ xnNoyTe Ach | 20 6 H 6CDNT
Sa' Sa 1
H BCDX K Ach 21 NXKCDT6 Sa 3 i n c 1
Sa : T 6 KCDT6
Ach |
Text and Translation /51

[16]

against them in the market place of the great city.

He will spend seven days fighting with

them and kill them. For

three and a half days they will lie dead in

5 the market place in full view of all the people.

But on the fourth day they will arise

again and rebuke him, saying

to him, "0 you shameless one, are you not ashamed,

you who deceive God's people,

10 for whom you have not suffered? Do you

not know that we live in the Lord,

in order that we may rebuke you


f
whenever you say, I have overpowered
1
them? We will lay aside the flesh of

15 this body and kill you without your being

able to utter a sound at that

time, because we live in the Lord

always, whereas you are a perpetual

enemy." The shameless one will listen

20 in anger and wage war against them.

The whole city will surround them. At


52/ Apocalypse of Elijah

[7z]

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/
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epon MN

X H
15 N 6 Y * T* [ Y ! ' IMNI NeYCxps* NX [apne Fee

,
F F ] * n ep N X MN* GH* p T O N ' NX*O[YOHOY

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3 a 3
13 FOYX NOYA Sa * | 15 MN Sa * |

1 62px"i Sa 3 v i d
= Ach: om Sa 1
| 2-3 epe - epooY Sa 3
Sa 1
( e - . . .
T N X N X Y - - . ) : enxxoc THpH NO x p x y M F HKOCMOC THpH Ach | 3
N^fM(D6Tf60M Sa 3
= Sa : 1
<INX6F6XM... 6N Ach | 4 <INX6(DNT Sa 3

Sa : 1
q N X BCDK Ach | XYCD Sa : 3
om Sa 1
Ach | 4-5 <INXKCDT€ Sa 3

Sa : 1
<icDiNe Ach | 5-6 qNXKexeye FcepcDK2 Sa 3
= Sa : 1
iNxncDT
C 6N6TOYXX B6 T H p OY C6FTOY 6YMH p MF FOY*ieiB6 MRKX2 H N X 2-CD T B 6
RMXY npoxiKe MMXY [1 line lacuna] RMXY ceeiNe Ach | 6
FN6YBXX Sa 3
= Sa : 1
+ XBXX Ach | oycxa Sa 3
= Sa : 1
26Ncgxi6 Ach
| 7 <1NX6IN6 Sa : 3
pr T N X F N G Y C D X X P 6BOX F T S Y X n6 Sa : 1
pr<iNX6iN€
FNOY*^^pe XBXX aFN OY*nHYe Ach | 8 FceNex Sa 3
Sa : 1
ce-f- Ach
| 8-9 2 IKON ix - 6CDXNTOY Sa 3
Sa : 1
xcneeNTOY 2IKONIX Ach | 9
NH Sa : 3
NX'I Sa 1
= Ach | 9-10 6T6RnoY<9 TCDOYN Sa 3
= Ach:
C6NXCD<I I 6N Sa 1
| 11 F N 6 Y N O Y B Sa 3
= Sa : 1
FNOYB Ach | z ixF
Sa 3
Ach: 6 2px"i exF Sa 1
| 12 6YXCD - x i o p Sa 3
= Sa : 1
om Ach |
RMON 6T6pHMOC Sa 3
= Sa : 1
X26NMX FepHMOC Ach | 14 6pe . . .
3 1 3 1
NXCD6n Sa : NXcuu>n Sa Ach | N6YFFX* Sa = Ach: n6FRX Sa |
Text and Translation /53
[17]
that time they will raise cries of joy towards

heaven, shining forth as the whole world watches

them. The lawless one will not prevail

against them. He will become angry with the land and

5 try to sin against the people. He will command

that their eyes be burnt out with an iron

rod. He will tear off their nails one by one.

He will command that vinegar and lye be poured

into their nostrils. And those who are unable to

10 endure that king's tortures will

take their gold and flee by the ferries

saying, "Ferry us across to the desert."

They will pass away like one asleep,

as the Lord takes to himself their spirits and

15 their souls. Their flesh will be like

ham. No wild animal will eat them until

the final day of the great judgement. They

will rise and receive a place of rest, but

they will not be part of the kingdom of the Christ

20 like those who endured. "But as for those

who endured," says the Lord,

"I will direct them to sit on

my right." They will be victorious over the lawless

f 15 N6Y+YXH Sa 3
= Ach: N6+YXOOY€ Sa 1
| 15-16 Nxa/one (riDne
1 3 v i d 1
Sa ) Fee F F I n e p N X Sa Sa : Nxaume eye RneTpx Ach | 17
Kpicic Sa 3
Sa : 1
+ XOY Ach | 17-18 CCNXTCDOYNOY Sa : 3
CCNXTCDOYN
1 3 1
Sa = Ach I 18 Fcexi S a Sa ( c e x i ) : C 6 6 I N 6 Ach | F O Y M X
3 1 3 i n c
FMTON S a = Ach: F O Y ^ T O N Sa | 19 c e N X t g c o n e - nexIT S a =
1
Ach(om zF) : c e c u e i F O Y R T O N ujcDne M F n e x c " Sa | 20-21
N6NTXY2 YnoM IN6 x e 3
Sa : om Sa 1
Ach I 22 fNXTXXC Sa 3 v i d
= Ach:
1 3 i n c 1
+NXTXCC6 Sa | 23 RMO'I Sa = Sa : RMXY Ach I ceNXxpo
S vid s l .
a
3
a p r C6NXXI 2MXT X X F26NK6K6Y6 Ach |
54/ Apocalypse of Elijah

T IH
M* e i [ x ]

c ] eu [ X N X Y e n ] B(DX* GB [ O X N T H ]e MN [nKXa

C[6NXXI] NX1 *epo*N[oc] R* n e ' o ' o y ' MN [NCKX

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#
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M[ I
#
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NIM* 6 N T A * N € * npO*<j> [ H T H ] C * A* AY* X*K[XXy] AXXX[

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10 MO*OYT' e* BOX* x e * M~["N] 6OM* M*M[O]K' 2~M* nx*7


XN*CO\XDNT x e * [FTO]K* ne* n(DH*pe* F*TA*NO*

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NM K 6 X ] 6Y* 6 ' TPc[6MO]yp* N* N * X I K [ x IOC FC 6

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15 Aya> 2~M] ne*20*oy e'fM^MAy' <|>HT F* Noy [

MHHO)6] • N A * nuXDC ' 6*pO*Oy' F * C 6 C A * 20)* o [ y

6BOX MMOH ' 6]y*XCD* M*MOC' X6* nA*l* AN* H6 [

nexc MH ep]e* ne*xtc] * F* rx p* 2<D*TB* A I [

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3 1
2 NAiepoNOC (= N6-?) Sa Sa (Fop.): FFepoNOC Ach | 3
C6NACCDTM Sa 3
= Ach: c6NACCDTn Sa 1
I F6 i Sa 3
= Ach: om Sa 1
|
4 2~N N 6 2 0 o y 6TMMAY Sa 3
= 1
Sa : om Ach | 5 2~M- Sa 3
= 1
Sa : R-
Ach | 6 c6NARXDT Sa 3
Sa : 1
cenorr Ach j 62pA*i Sa : 3
om Sa 1
Ach
| 6-7 e y M iq)6 Sa 3
= Ach: eynoxeMi Sa 1
| 7 MN Sa 3
Ach: FMXY
Ayo) Sa 1
| 8 6NTX- Sa : 3
6TX... Sa 1
Ach | xxy Sa 3
Sa : 1
+
3 1 3
x F F a x p n Ach | xxxx S a : om Sa Ach | 9 Rne KO)6~M6OM Sa = Ach:
1 3 v i d 1 3 1
RneK6T16OM Sa | NXMe Sa : om Sa Ach | 10 R M O K S a Sa : +
A-f-tyxH Ach I 1 2 N 6 I nxTCUine Sa 3
= Sa : 1
om Ach | N16ONT Sa 3
=
Sa : 1
HBCDXK Ach | 13 NlKexeye Sa 3
= Sa : 1
+ xxepo F2 6N*Hye
Ach I FFAIKXIOC Sa 3
Ach: FAIKXIOC Sa 1
| 14 eNOjHoye Sa 3
Sa : 1

om Ach I 15 xyco Sa 3 v i d
= Ach: om Sa 1
| 15-16 FNoyMHHO>6 Sa 3 v i d
=
Sa : 1
F2X2 Ach | 16 Nxnuxpc Sa 3
Sa : 1
NxFaxT Ach | Fc6CX2u)oy
Sa 3
= Sa : 1
ceno)T Ach | 17 nx'i Sa 3
= Ach: pr R Sa 1
| 18 MH epe
3 1 3 1 3
Sa vid = sa : M X Ach | Frxp S a : om Sa Ach | 19 p R R M e Sa =
1 3 v l d
Sa : pcDMe Ach | 19-20 H N X K < D T 6 - Fcx R- S a : M H eiKorre F T O H
6N F20yo Fcx R- Sa : 1
6<INX(DIN6 XXXX xaxpeqp"-Ach | 21 2~M
n6 2 0 o y Sa 3
= 1
Sa : a~N F 2 0 o y 6 Ach |
Text and Translation /55

[18]

one. They will see the destruction of heaven and earth.

They will receive the thrones of glory and the crowns.

Sixty righteous ones, prepared for that moment,

will hear at that time.

5 They will don the armour of God.

They will hasten to Jerusalem in their battle

with the shameless one, saying, "Every feat

which the prophets performed, you have performed, but

you were in truth unable to raise a

10 dead person, because you lack the power. By this

did we recognize you as the lawless

one." The shameless one will hear, become angry

and command that the righteous be bound,

be placed on altars and be burnt.

15 And at that time they will win

the affection of many. They will

leave him, saying, "This one is not

the Christ, for the Christ does not kill

righteous people nor does he pursue men. He will

20 not try to convince them by

signs and wonders." At that time

the Christ will have compassion


5 6 / Apocalypse of Elijah

tie]
2A N6T6 NOyq N 6 ] q N [ A T ] F* N [ o o y NN6]q

x r r 6 x o c ] 6BOX* zn rn[e]' [e] y * M e z C [ o o y ] F*TBX*


- #
MN H T ] O O Y F*CDO' eoy[F cooy] F ' T N U ] R*noyx*

n o y * ] * Mo*oy' n e y * 2 p o * o [ y NX]KIM* e*T[ne] M N *


#
5 HKX2 e]Y CMoy* xy*o)* e y [+ eo]oy' N X I e [ T ] e g e *

npxN] R*ne*xlT* CH2* [ 6 X ] NT e y T 6 2 [N€ e p e

T6C<|>px] * r I C * 2l*XTl* T6 [y] 6 ix* TT* N o y * N X M [ X I

NoyKoyi]* cnx* oy*No[6 c] 6 * N X * T X * X O * o y '

ex"N N O Y T ] UZ TT* ce* q I [ T O Y ] * 2A * O H * R*II6(DNT'[

10 TOT6 r x B p ] i * H x ' R N * o [ y p i ] * H x ' C6*NX*P"* o y *

C T y x [oc F ] * o y * o * e i N ' [F]ce*ca>K* 2X* Tey*2H*[


f
CDX N [ T O y x i ] T O Y ' e*2oyN e*nKX2* e*Toy*x*XB*[

TT*C€[TXX]C N[ x y e ] j pe y * OY*CDM* e*Box* 2~M* [

nq)H[N R]n[cDN2] TT* ce*<|> [o] * p i ' N"T* 2~BC[U) F


15 o y * o > B [CD] Fce[poei]c' e*po*oy* TT* 6 i * N x r * r [ 6 x o c

Fee*[N]x*5[KO X ] N [o]y*Ae* F * C 6 * N X * e i [Be XN o y

A[e qNX6Ti60M e]^o*oy* X N ' N"*§|* [ncnHpe F

TXNOMIX 2~M ne]20*oy* x e * [efMMxy nKX2

T H ] \q NtxcDTopfTp' npH* N[xp" KXKC] ce[

20 N x ] q i * F[+PHNH] ' 2 I * X M [nKX2 xyu)] 2X Tne [

•••] • [•••••••] • • [••••••••] • [••]


F](pHN* c[eNxnu)pK Fee2 6

FeHp ION MN F]*TB*N9[oye ceNXMoy 2~N o y

(nTOpfp F2XX6T6] ' NX*26* [ exTi n KX 2 6yMO

20 2xne Sa * | 3

1 qNXTFNOOY Sa 3
= Ach: NTTFNOOY Sa 1
| 2 2"F Sa 3
Sa : 1
F Ach |
4 n6Y2pooY Sa 3
Sa : 1
napxy Ach. | 5 xyu) Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach | NX'I
3 1 3 V l d 1 3
Sa S a : + x e Ach | 6 e p e S a S a : om Ach | 7 F N O Y N X M S a
1 3 V
= Sa : om Ach | 8 X I N oyKoyi ( n x o y N 0 6 Sa :. x F n o y K o y e i (DX
1 3 v i d
noYN06 Sa : N U H M M F N I N X 6 Ach I 9 e x N S a = Ach: pr
62px7 Sa 1
| 2XOH Rn6u)NT Sa 3
= Sa : z IT2 I NTHEXKB Ach |
3 1
10-11 ceNxp" oycTyxoc Sa Sa : NX7 CTYXOC Ach | 11 FceccDK
Sa 3
= Sa : 1
eyca)K Ach | ex TeyzH Sa 3
Sa : zH T o y
1
Ach J 12
CDXNToyxiToy Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach | enKX2 Sa 3
= Ach: e R n M X Sa* | 13
FceTXXC Sa 3 v i d
= Ach: cejxcce Sa 1
| 16 FC6NX2KO - oyAe Sa 3

A v l 3 1
Sa :
(C6NX2KO) om A c h | F c e N x e i B e Sa : ceNxeiBe Sa |
3
17-18 qNx6M6pM - FTXNOMIX Sa : ncuHpe F T X N O M I X N X C D 6 R 6 O M e p o o y
1 v l d 1 3 v i d 1
XN Sa = A c h | 18 x e Sa 3
:.6e S a L 19 T H p q S a : om Sa
Ach v i d
| ceNxq I F+pHNH Sa 3 v i d
= Ach v i d
: ceq I +pHNH Sa 1
| 20
2xT n e Sa 3 v i d
: nenFx Sa | 1
Text and Translation /57

[19]

on those who are his. He will send his

angels from heaven, sixty-four thousand

in number, each having six

wings. Their voices will move heaven and

5 earth, when they praise and give glory. Those

upon whose forehead is written the name of the Christ,

upon whose right hand is the seal,

both small and great, they will be taken

on their wings and removed from the wrath.

10 Then Gabriel and Uriel will be

a column of light and go before them

until they bring them to the holy land,

and they will permit them to eat from

the tree of life and to wear white

15 garments, while the angels keep watch over them.

They will neither hunger nor thirst, nor

will the lawless one have power

over them. And at that time the whole

earth will tremble. The sun will be darkened. Peace

20 will be removed from upon the earth and from under heaven

the trees will be uprooted and topple.

Wild animals and domestic animals will die in

confusion. Birds will fall on the ground dead


58/ Apocalypse of Elijah

T [K]

oyT xya>] ' F * M O [ y e i ] o * o [ y e Fexxxccx

NX*U)[CUM]* N~p*e[<i]p" NOB6 [NXOJO) egooM

2I*XM riKxa' [eyxco] M*MOC' x e * oy n[enK

X X [ H ] * N X N ' ncn[Hpe] F* T X * N O * M I X ' €K[XCD M

5 M [ O C ] x e * x * NOK, [ n e ] n e ' x c ' CN'TOK [ncnHpe

F T X ] * NO* M I • X ' [FTOK] * A 6' M * MN * 60M [MMOK

6NOy*2"M* MMOK' [ x ] 6 * 6K6*NA*2MTN XKj 2~U

M X * 6 I N ' 6y*(Doy* 6 [ IT] ' F* n e N * F M [ T O GBOX cnxN

T K * X * X N ' F*U}M*M[O]' 6*ne*x~c* n[eTX<iTX

10 MI*O* TT*oy*ON* N I M [oly'oei* NXN* x [ e ANCU)T]M[

F*CU)K' 6IC* 2H*HT6' X*NON' T 6 [NOY 6]NX*MOy*[

2N"*N OY*26* BCD* U)N ' MN * TT Oy* 0 [X] I^ [ I C 6CT](DN* 6 6 *

T6*Noy' TX6*ce* F* o [ y A i K X I ] oc [FTF]OY<D[

(1)1 T FT* M O r ' H* 6<I*TU)N [ n e ] +*C[B](D* N X N '

15 N T T M * nx* p x * K X * xe i * M*M[O<I T]eNo[y] 6 6 * CN*

XTX]*KO* 2N* OY'op'rH' X 6 * [ X N f X TCCD] T M ' F*

cx nNoly'TS' XN*B(DK' e [FMX CTCDHK 2F

GXXXCCX] M*n6N*6~M [MOOy XNCDIK6

2F 6 I pCDOy M]F*NX*C6 [MMX2]6* H[n6N6M

20 MOOY XN T O ] * T € ' MN[xpiM6 F] * 6 i * [nxTcnme

] [ ] ' [ 2M

n€200Y 6TM]MXY 6[HXCD MMOC X 6

oyoe I NX'I 2]CD* x e * x[nxoyoei(D o y

e iN6 epo'i}}] } } } J[

8 n6NMTO Sa * 3
I 10 -Mioo Sa * 3
| 12 M N Sa * 3
|

1 xyu) Sa 3 v i d
: nKX2 Nxcgooye xyu) Sa 1
= Ach ( o m *Y<p) |
FMoyeiooye Sa 3
= Ach: MMoy Sa 1
| Fexxxccx Sa 3 v i d
Ach:
eexxxccx Sa 1
| 2 NXcixnM Sa 3
Sa : 1
Nxcueye Ach | 5x e Sa 3
Sa :1

om Ach | 6NTOK Sa 3 v i d
Ach: + ne Sa 1
| 5-6 nq)HPe FTXNOMIX
Sa 3
Sa : 1
nAiXBOXOC Ach | 6 FTOK x e Sa : 3
om Sa Ach | 7 x e
Sa 3
Ach: xeKXXC Sa 1
| eKeNXZMN Sa 3
= Sa : 1
KNXNX2MN6 Ach I
8 eyajoyeiT Sa 3
Sa : 1
om Ach | 9-10 neTXHTXMio FoyoN N I M Sa :
N6TX<ITXMION Sa : 1
6TX2T6NXN Ach | 10 NXN Sa3
.;r Ach: +
CNON Sa 1
I 12 MNN o y e x i + i c Sa 3
= Sa : 1
om A c h v
| 14MMOT
Sa : 3
om S a : 1
MMXC Ach | 15-16 CNXTXKO Sa 3
Sa : 1
TFNXTCKO
Ach | 20 XN Sa 3 v i d
: om S a 1
| H NX p I M e Sa : 3
xipiMC Sa 1
|
Text and Translation /59

[20]

and the waters of the sea

will evaporate. The sinners will cry out

on the earth, saying, "What have you done

to us, lawless one, by saying,


1
5 'I am the Christ, when you are the

lawless one? And you have no power

to save yourself, much less to save us. You performed

vain marvels before us until

you had made us strangers to the Christ who

10 created each one of us. Woe to us, because we listened

to you! See, we are about to die

in an evil manner and in affliction. Where

now is the footprint of a righteous person, that we

should worship you, or where is our teacher

15 that we might appeal to him? Now we

will be destroyed by wrath, because we disobeyed

God. We went to the depths of

the sea but found no water. We dug in

the riverbeds sixteen cubits, but failed to

20 find water." Then the shameless one will weep

at

that time, saying

"Woe is me as well, because my time has

passed!"
Apocalypse of Elijah

Sa 1
13,23 N e e IXCD M

MOC x e NAoyoeKD TT

25 NAoyeiNe epoei AN

XNNXpoMne o>cDne

NNICBOT: ANAaooye e

TB TTee NNiojoeicu ecn

O^AHOyXDTB. T6NOY 66

30 66 1 N A T A 6 0 NHMHTTr

T6NOY 66 n(DT 6BOA 6

T6pHMOC: 66H NICOO

N6 20)TB MMOOy:

AN6TOYAAB ANICOy A2

35 2 PA*I 6TB H T O y TAp 6p6

14,1 nKA2 { e p e nKA2} -f* KApnoc

CTBHTOY rA p epe npH p"

oyoe IN 62pA*i exH HKA2

6TB H T O Y r
*P 6pe -fCDT6
e x
5 N HOY M n KA 2 C6NA

P IM6 TT6 I ITpeip" NOB6


eyxxo MMOC x e AKAAN

NX AX e AnNOYTe e [cpne

OYN 60M { 6 0 M } MMOK [ TO)

10 OYN N T n(DT N"CCO[OY

TOT6 TNAXI NN6MNT

N2~ NrKU^T NT2CDA 6 BOX

2 I NX 2 O Y FNCTOyXXB

TNAHOX6MI NMXY ON

15 C6NACGJTM N"6 I ArT6XOC

ceei enecHT cenoxe

MI NMX<I eynoxeMoc
NCHie eyoo) CNXOJCD

ne 2M nezooye CTMMXY

2 0 TNXCCDTM TT6 I nxoeic

NTK6X6Y6 2lT OYN06 U

6CDNT: Trrne MTT nKX2

C6NXT6OY6 6Q>2T 6BOX

6 2pX*l XyiD n K(D2 T NX 6


Text and Translation

13,23 I said,
"My time
25 shall not pass away.
My years have become
months. My days have
passed like dust that
passes by. Indeed now
30 I shall perish with you!
Now then hasten to
the desert. Seize the brigands
and kill them.
Fetch the saints
35 for on their account does
14.1 the earth give produce;
for on their account does the sun
shine upon the earth;
for on their account does the dew
5 settle on the ground." The sinners
will weep
saying, "You have made us
enemies of God. If you
have the power arise
10 and pursue them!"
Then he will spread his fiery
wings and fly away
in pursuit of the saints
He will again wage war on them.
15 The angels will hear,
come down and wage war
against him, a war
of many swords.
At that time
20 the Lord will hear
and command in great
anger that heaven and earth
spew forth fire.
And the fire will
62/ Apocalypse of Elijah

25 MA 2 T 6 2*IXM H KA 2 F(DH

16 CNOOYC MMA2 6 : <T

NAoya)M Fcx Fpe«ip*p

NOB6 MF FAIXBOXOC:

Fee N"oypH*ioY6 oyN

30 OY2^n OYMH6 NAojDne

2M neeooy BTMMAY

NTOY6 I R n KA 2 NA-f- R

n6Y2pooY: aR nezooye

Ach 41,1 (OY6 «M 2en RM1 6 aR <|>OOY6 6 T R

MO ITTOY'ieye MF n KA 2 NA+ F

OY*P^Y FSOOY) NACD6X6 MN NOY

6 pHY xe N 6 A T 6 TFCCDTM e RnooY

5 6 ATCM I Fp<DM6 6 1MA A 2 6 6M

nnei ATKpicic Rncnnpe RnNOY

T6 F N A B6 RnOYG nOY6 NACD2 6

A p6TOY ApAS 8M nMA 6TAYGOY6

RMO 6IT6 NA<J>OOY6 6IT6 NATOY

10 2 1 NAAIKAIOC FTAY MF N A . . n

C6NANO ANp6Hp" NAB6 2N N [oy]K[o]

AAC1C MN N6TAYF A l(DK€ RM[A]Y

MF N6TA2F nApAAlAOY MM[AY] *

nMOY TOT6 Fpeqp" NAB6 S . . O .

15 .H C6NANO A nMA FFAIK[Al]oC

AOY + * e OYF OY2MAT NAa<p[n6]

aF F200Y6 6TRMO nere N [ A I K A I ]

42,1 OC NA7 A I T 6 I RMAH F2A2 FCA n

C6NAT66S N6Y 2M <}>OOY6 6 T R

MO nxAeic NA7 KpiNe F m e

MF n KA 2 MNAp" KpiN6 FN6

5 TAYP" nApABA 2 F T H 6 MF N6TA

2 6ipe 2 IXR n KA 2 INAp" KpiN6

FFCUAC RnxAOC MNACDNTOY

Ano>26 FecAY ceieoye NCH

6 M N Kp AH RMOY 200H Fe H T O y

10 MFFC6 N6*l HFNHY A2pH*l 66

2 HX6 I X C MN 6NCDX C6KOY X


Text and Translation /63

reach out over the earth


seventy two cubits. It
will consume the sinners
and the devils
like straw.
30 A just judgement will take place
at that time.
The mountains of the earth will make
their voices heard. At (that) time
Ach 41,1

The roads? (see Rosenstiehl) will say to


each other, "Did you hear today
5 the sound of a man who makes
his way to the judgement of the son of God?
The sins of each will oppose
him in the place where they were committed,
whether by day or by night
10 . . . the just and the [. . .]
will see the sinners in their punishment,
as well as those who persecuted them,
and those who delivered them to
death. Then the sinners . . .
15 . . . will see the abode of the righteous
and the manner in which grace will ensue.
At that time, that which the righteous
42,1 will often request
will be given to them. At that time
the Lord will judge heaven
and earth. He will judge those
5 who have transgressed in heaven and those
who have done so on earth. He will judge
the shepherds of the people. He will ask them
concerning the flock, and they will hand them over to him
without deadly guile.
After that Elijah and
Enoch descend. They lay aside
64/ Apocalypse of Elijah

apH*l NTCXp* MniKOCMOC ce

x i FNoycxp* M FIN A cenorr

cenojHpe FTXNOMIX ceao>

15 TB6 MMXI eMA«ia(nexe « R

4>ooye CTRMO <INXBO)X A

BA\ RnoyRTO XBXX TTTae F[oy]

43,1 KPYCTXXXOC GXHBCDX XBXX 2 ITH

OYKO)2T 1NXT6KO FT2 6 Foy

APXK(DN 6 M N N M 6 FB H T S C6 NX

xooc Nei x e xnKoyx'iq) "INC A

5 pAK fNOY 66 AKNAT6KO RN N6

Tp" niCTeye xpxK ceNATeKoy

AT0/UT6 RnNoyN c e 201x6 R

MAC Apooy sM 4>ooye 6TRMO

1N*NHy A BAX NTlie 6 6 nX~C

10 np"po MF N6ToyxxB6 THpoy

spo)K2 RniKX2 HY * ° TTpxMne

2 ixo)<i x e xNpeqp" NXBC 6MX2T6

2 ixo)«i MNATANO Foyne FBfpe

MN OyKA 2 FBfpe MN AIABOXOC

15 . .o>y aoon FaHToy «iNAp"po

M] N N 6TOyA A B 6 61NNA A2pH*l


.FNHY AapH*i eyaoon MN* F

44,1 Arrexoc Foyx'iq) N I M eyaoon M F

nxc NSO FpxMne

-f-xnoKAxy+ i c

N2 H X 6 I X C
Text and Translation /65

the flesh of the world and


put on the flesh of the spirit. They pursue
the lawless one and kill
15 him without his being able to utter a sound. At
that time he will melt
before them like
43,1 ice which melts through
fire. He will perish like a
dragon which is without breath. He will
be told, "Your time is up.
5 Now you will perish with those
who believed in you." They will
be thrown into the deep pit, and it will
be shut over them. At that time
the Christ comes from heaven,
10 the king together with all the saints.
He burns the earth and spends a thousand years
on it, because the sinners held sway
over it. He will create a new heaven
and a new earth. No devil
15 or death (see Rosenstiehl) exists in them. With the
saints he will rule, descending and
ascending. They will be with the
44,1 angels always. They will be with
the Christ a thousand years.

The Apocalypse
of Elijah
FACSIMILES

of

P. CHESTER BEATTY 2018

67
69

Facsimiles reduced to 65% of original size.


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82
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t
Appendix: The Greek Apocalypse of Elijah
1
In 1912 E. Pistelli published in Papiri Greci e Latini a 6.5 x
6.5 cm scrap of papyrus, written in Greek, which contained a total of
twelve incomplete lines of the Apocalypse of Elijah. The significance
of the fragment lay neither in its extent nor even in its contents
but rather in the fact that it furnished proof positive for a Greek
original of the Apocalypse - something which could of necessity be no
more than a (well-founded) scholarly theory prior to the discovery of
PSI 7.
The credit for identifying the fragment is given by its editor to
Theodor Zahn. The verso side clearly has to do with one of the arrivals
of Elijah and Enoch, though Pistelli mistakenly indicated the latter
2
name as having been partially preserved. More particularly, it relates
their second appearance on the field of battle, for the purpose of anni-
1
hilating the "lawless one. Although the fragment shows clearly that
in some ways the extant Greek and Coptic texts are related, J.-M.
Rosenstiehl in the most recent translation of and commentary on the
Apocalypse of Elijah appears to overstate the case for the relationship
when he writes, "Ce fragment montre que les textes grec et copte devaient
f 1
etre tres proches l un de 1 a u t r e . T h e r e is, after all, the recto
side to take into account, not to mention the minor deviations from Ach
on the verso side. Pistelli was not able to place the recto side of the
fragment, and thus far I have been likewise unsuccessful.^ Unfortuna­
3
tely Sa ends too soon to be of any help.

1
See above p. 1.

That a piece of papyrus has broken off and been lost since Pistelli
read it is not confirmed by his transcription of the recto side.

^See above p. 65, Ach 42.


f
**VApocalypse d'Elie (Textes et Etudes pour servir a l histoire du
Judaisme intertestamentaire vol. 1 ) . Paris, 1972, p. 21.

~*It is hoped that the facsimiles here published for the first time
will aid interested scholars in solving this central problem of the
fragment. I am grateful to the Istituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli"
(Florence) for the photographs sent upon request and to the Biblio-
teca Medicea Laurenziana for permission to reproduce them here. The
editio princeps is faulty in many particulars.

91
92 / Apocalypse of Elijah

Text:
-> (recto) T (verso)
top of page top of page
]AftZEftN nOIMENAETOY.[
]MATAMEPI THNNOMHNT[
#
].A EKEIMEN ANEYAOAOY M[ -

-
].Z AIAT.N OTEHAEIAE.[
5 ]... 5 TOYKOZM[ ].[
].ZTA .ATA...[
([xpuveC TOUS])
] Aooaaoov i r o u y ^ v a s TOO A [ a o O . eitepGoxrfaei, a u x o u s 6ua
] y a x a yepu xriv v o y n v x f a i v irpo$dixa)v xau itapa6o$Tfoovxat,
].a* exet yev a v e u 66*Aou* y [ e x a 6e xaOxa *axa$TfoovxaL
].s* 6ua TOV o x e nAetfas * [ a u evo&x* anoSTfaovxau xriv a a p x a
5 •* • • • 5 TOO xo*ay[o]u [ x a u TtepoftaAoOvxau xnv adtpxa W i f
]oaxa xaxa6L(£[£ouauv x o v u t o v x n s d v o y £ a s
One should perhaps assume that recto preceded verso since the
identifiable portion belongs to the concluding pages of the Apooalypse
of Elijah and hence plausibly stood in the second half of the quire.
If line length was indeed approximately 32-36 letters, as the above
reconstruction indicates, and if recto preceded verso, what we have on
the recto side of PSI 7 may have stood where Ach now has a lacuna,
i.e., between 40 and 41. But in that case Gk must have differed at
1
that point from S a !
In conclusion, the papyrus was photographed through glass and as
a result small holes cannot with absolute certainty be distinguished
from punctuation. For some reason Pistelli chose to ignore not only
the rough breathing on nAeuas but also the high stops on 4-* and 3+
where their presence is confirmed by spacing, e x e u y e v on 3-*- is like­
wise apparently preceded by a high stop. On 5-*- Pistelli comments,
"Dopo una traccia di lettera la linea e bianca, il che dimostra che qui
era il titolo d'un capitolo, oppure che la linea finiva prima per tor-
nare a capo" (Note 5, p. 17). Such a conclusion is, of course,
unwarranted since both preceding lines appear to be especially long and,
more importantly, we do not possess enough of the document to determine
scribal practice.

A. Pietersma
93
94
INDEX OF GREEK WORDS
=
References are to ms(s) pagination. * fully restored reading.

ayadd'v 7,18; 12,4


ayyeXos 1,21; 2,12.16; 4,2.21; 12,20; 15,15; 19,2*.15; Sa 1

14,15; Ach 44,1


ayopa 8,17; 16.1.5
a6LHu'a 5,11.20
adexeCv 3,1
auxeCv Ach 42,1
atlxvaAwT i^C e 8,3; 10,10
auxyaXajai^a 1,12.20; 8,4
auafv 1,12
aXXd 1,23; 2,12.14; 3,15.19; 9,6; 10,7; 12,10; 17,18*;
18,8
av&yHT) 9,16

avoyu'a 2,10; 13,2.17*; 14,8.15; 17,4.23; 18,11; 19,18*;


20,4.6; Ach 42,14
avoyos 10,18; 11,16
aTtoxdtXu^Ls Ach 44,3
apTtayrt 8,14

ap-rcdtCeuv 5,14; 8,13


apxndyyeXos 1,22
apxwv 8,10
dacpdXeua 10,14
Bdaavos 17,10

ydp 1,13.22; 4,7.12; 7,1.2.7; 13,18; 18,18; Sa 13,35; 1

14,2.4

6auu6*VLov 4,9; 13,11

6i 2,13; 3,17.20; 6,18; 7,5.8; 11,22; 12,11; 14,5.6;


15,6; 16,6; 17,9.21; 19,18; 20,6
6ud6oXos 1
1,8.13; 7,5; 15,20*; Sa 14,28; Ach 43,14
6Ladtfxri 3,5
6odTayya 7,14
6u'xauos 11,23*; 18,3.13.18; 20,13; Ach 41,10.15.17
6LG5M£LV Ach 41,12

6pdxa)V 9,13; Ach 43,3


6a)ped 6,2; 7,17
6&pov 6,7; 11,19
95
96/ Apocalypse of Elijah

e&vos 6,11; 11,16.17


eu6a)Aov 6,11
eily^TU 4,16
eupn'vn 5,18; 6,1.3.18; 19,20*
eCxe Ach 41,9(bis)
evepyeZv 4,9
enLduyeCv 1>13; 5,15; 9,1
eTtuduyi^a 3,13
1
epnuos 17,12; Sa 13,32

ET U 2,11

n 4,14; 20,14

SdXaooa 5,19; 6,16; 13,5; 20,1*.18


$ e p a n e\5e uv 4,8
dnp^'ov 17,16; 19,23*
dAt<|>LS 9,7; 20,12
%p<5vos 2,3.5.11( epoc ).14.16; 4,9; 15,15; 18,2
Sua£a 8,5

xap7Ed*s 1
1»15; Sa 14,l
xeAetfeuv 6,1.13; 7,14; 8,4; 9,10.17; 11,15.17.18; 12,2;
17,5.8; 18,13; S a ^ ^ l
x d*Aaa i s Ach 41,11
woviTa 17,8
*6*ayos 1,6.7.8.20; 12,17; 17.2; Ach 42,12
xpb'veiv Ach 42,3.4.6
TTP^abs 17,17; Ach 41,6
xptfaxaAAos Ach 43,1
M0)A\5etv 2,11
xa)(p6*g 13,7
Aao's 1,3; 6,14; 15,1.7; 16,5.9; 17,5; Ach 42,7

\i£v 14,4
\iA 4,16; 18,18*
ynTpo*7co Au s 6,15

vnaxeiTa 3,3( NGCTU) .11.15; 4,4.6


vritfxetfeuv 3,17.19.20
voeuv 5,4
Indices /97

vo*y o s 3,1

opyrf 4,3*.4; 20.16


oiav 5,9
ou6 £ 1,7.14.22; 2,9(bis).10; 5,7; 15,4; 19,16(bis)
OUT£ 3,3
OCpCpi^KLOV 4,17

7Ed*$0 S 3,12

TtapaBaiTve LV Ach 42,5

7 t a p a 6 i 6 6*vau Ach 41,13

TiapaKaAeuv 20,15

7tap§£vo s 10,4; 14,9.17

TC e t, v 18,20

ice £ $ e a $ a u 2,17; 5,1-

TI £pva 17,16

it £ T p a 9,4

7c u a r e \ 5 e uv 12,11; Ach 43,6


3,8
it A a v a v 3,9; 16,9
it Ad*vo s 2,19(n\xoc)
it A nyrf 11,22*
TCveOya ( PNA) 17,14; Ach 42,13
Tio A e y e U v 1
11,2; 15,11.21; 16,2.20; S a ^ , ^ . ^
Tr 6*Aey o s 4,15; 5,8.12.21; 9,16; 1
Sa 14,17
it 6*A u s 2,13; 6,9; 8,14.18; 11,9.10; 16,1*.21*
7i ovnpo*s 3,15
Ttpoaeuxrf 4,11.20
TlpOCpT^TTlS 18,8

adp£ 2,1; 16,14; 17,15; Ach 42,12.13


axaupo*s 12,16
QTOAO g 19,11
acp p a y eLV 2,7
acp p a y i^s 19,7
acay a
15,4; 16,15

4,13
T 6*T e 5,16; 10,13; 14,17*; 15,8; 19,10*; 20,20; Sa^.U;
Ach 41,14
98/ Apocalypse of Elijah

uit o y £v e u v 17,20*.21

(popeCv 19,14
cpu A 15,18

6,12; 11,4
XPfiya 4,2; 13,18; 15,4; 17,

14,15(bis).16; 16,8

2
INDEX OF COPTIC WORDS
References are to ms(s) pagination. * = fully restored reading.
t = qualitative.
1
seize, lay hold on, prevail 2,15; 6MA2T6 Sa
XM A 2 T 6 1 4 , 2 4 ; Ach 43,12
negative particle 2,8.9.10.11.14.17.21; 3,3.7;
AN 4,17; 5,1.7.8; 8,16; 10,16; 12,10; 15,12.19;
16,8.11; 17,19; 18,17.20; 19,16 (bis).17;
1
20,20; Sa 13,25
XNOK pers. pron. I, 12,10; 15,5; 20,5
Xt16 f. head 14,7
XCH6 f. language, speech 6,7
and 1,3.18; 2,17; 3,6; 4,2.21; 5,8.11; 7,4; 8,13.
15; 9,2.5; 10,1; 13.3; 15,13; 16,3; 17,4;
18,15*; 19,5.20; Sa 14,24; Ach 41,16 ( A O Y )
1

1
multiply 2,19; oa;t 5,22; 9,7; Sa 14,18
A2 0 M m. groan 5,13; 8,15; 20.2*
X 6 p HN H f. barren female 10,4

B(DK go 4,12.15; 9,3; 12,5; 13,4; 20,17


BAX m. eye 17,6
BCDX loosen, with 6BOX Ach 42,16; 43,1; subst. with
6BOX 1,9; 5,5; 18,1

BXX 6 m. blind person 13,9


BOXDN bad 20,12
BOYP f. left hand 7,4
Bp p e new, young Ach 43,13.14
BOT6 f. abomination 8,6
BOY2 6 m. eyelid 14,1

e - , epo* prep, passim


6BOX adverb 1,9; 4,7.9.11.13.15; 5,5; 7,14; 8,7.17;
9,4; 10,17; 12,9; 13,9.11.13; 14,4.11; 15,9;
1
18,1.17*; 20,8*; Sa 13,31; 14,12.23; A B A A
Ach 42,16.17; 43,1.9
1
6BOT m. month 12,3; Sa 13,27
6 K I B6 f. breast 9,12.13.15
6MNT m. west 5,17
6p H T m. promise 3,6
ep H Y each other 11,1; Ach 41,4
1
6CHT m. ground; enecHT down 9,19; 15,10; Sa 14,16

99
100/ Apocalypse of Elijah

ecooy m. sheep Ach 42,8


#
6TB 6 prep. 1,3.18; 2,19 ( en [. ] T e « ? ) ; 3,12; 5,4;
9,15; 10,2; G T B H T * Sa 13,35; 14,2.4
1

eooy m. honour 1,19; 4,13; 6,5; 18,2; 19,5


1
6QJCDI16 if 5,1; Sa 14,8*
620YN See 2 OYN
6 2 pX I See 2pxi
6XN- See xu>*

H I m. house 6,8; 8,3; 11,20


Hne f. number 6,10.12

6 I
come 4,19; 10,16; 12,11; Sa 14,16; Ach 41,6

6 IX
eye; G U T ' 10,1*

6 I HB
m. fingernail 17,7

6 I B6
become thirsty 2,9; 19,16

6 IM 6
know 6,9

6 I N6 bring 17,7; N T * 9,12; X N I * Sa 1


13,34

6 lOOp m. canal 20,19* ( 6 1 pu>OY)


e i epo m. river 11,6; 6pu)OY 13,6
6 I p 6 do 3,4; 8,5; 11,13; 13,3.4.14; 15,14; Ach 42,6; p
passim; A X * 2,17; 13,15; 18,8(bis); 20,4.9;
1
Sa 14,7; Ach 41,8(e-); ot 4,19.20.21*;
5,1; 13.11*; 15,12; 16,18*; 20,16; xpi 1,9; 2,
1
3,10; 5,3; 13,3(bis); peqp-2,13; 20,2; Sa
14,6.27; Ach 41,11.14; 43.12
6 IC behold 6,19; 7,1; 13,18*; 6 I C 2HHT6 20,11

6 ICDT m. father 2,2; 7,18


1
6 IU1T6 f. dew Sa 14,4

K6 also, even 4,1*.21; 10,12; 11,22; 15,6


KOYI small 13,20*; 19,8*
KO> place, allow 2,20; 16,14; Ach 42,11; KA- 1,14.15;
4,7.11
KtOB be double; KHBT 8,1; 9,7; 11,20
KBA m. vengeance 5,21; 11,15
KAK6 m. darkness 4,21; 13,3; 15,18; 19,19*
KXO m. poison (?); NCOTO 9,15
KXOM m. crown 2,4.6; 12,13; 18.2
KIM move 19,4
Indices /101

m. fatness, sweetness 4,10


f. vault 12,15
m. fire 1,16
m. deception 6,9; 11,13; Ach 42,9
build 7,9; 11,18
turn, go around 12,14.21*; 16,21*; Korre N C X - try
17,5; 18,20*; Korre e g p x i return (?) 9,8;
KOT* turn self 6,8; 8,12
m. earth 1,14*.15; 2,19; 5,6.13; 6,14; 7,12.15.16;
8,6.8; 9,8.20; 10,3.7.15; 11,11.15.21; 12,1.3;
15,14; 17,4; 18,1*; 19,5*.12.18*.20*.24*;
1
20,3; Sa 14,l(bis).3.5.22.25.32; Ach 42,4.6;
43,11.14
m. envy 3,18
m. fire Sa 1
14,12.23( 6 < D T ) .24; Ach 43,2
2

m. shout 17,1
anyone, any 4,18; 12,2

m. place 2,18; 4,19; 6,6.10; 8,2; 10,19*; 11,3.4;


12,18.19*; 13,1; 14,11.19*; 15,10; 17,18;
20,17*; Ach 41,8.15
love; M6pe- 1,6

f. truth Sa 1 4 , 3 0 ( M H 6 ) ;
1
p M M M 6 18,19; NX M e
truly 18,9
die 9,6; 11,22*; 19,23*; 20,11; Mooyrt be dead
12,5; 16,4; 19.24; Moysubst. death 2,16; 5,15
9,2(bis).6; Ach 41,14; 42,9; p e s M O o y T dead
person 13,15; 18,9
m. lion 5,19
numeral: thirty 7,8
m. pain 4,2
not to be 4,18; 20,6; MN 4,14.15; 10,6; 13,17*;
15,4; 16,15*; 18,10; Ach 42.9; 43,3.14
own self 7,12
conj. 1,9; 2,4.6; 3,13; 4,1.6; 5,5(bis).13.22;
6,2.18; 7,18; 8,5.6.7.17; 10,4; 11,8*.16;
13,6.12; 15,8.15; 17,14*.15.16; 18,1.2.21;
1
19,4.10.23*; 20,12; S a 14,22.28; Ach 41,10.12
13; 42,4.5.11; 43,14
prep. 2,12; 6,14; 7,16; 11,1.2; 12,3; 18,7; 19,3*;
Ach 41,3; 43,5.10.17; 44,1 M N M A * 2,17; 12,7;
13,4; 15,11; 16,1.2.20 ( N M M x y ) ; Sa 13,30 1

( N M M H * ) ; 14,14 ( NMX** ) .17( N M X * * )

m. sign, mark 7,1; 12,5; 13,12.18; 14,6(bis);


102/ Apocalypse of Elijah

18,21*; 20,8
MNNCA prep. Ach 42,10; MNNCCD* 4,3
Mno dumb person 13,8
Moyp bind 18,13; M H p T 9,12
M ice bear 10,1
M6C I CD f. midwife 9,20
MHT m. ten; MNT- 9,18; 20,18
MXT6 only; MMXTC 13,15
MOYT6 call 5,10.17; 11,10
MTO m. face, presence 13,13; 14,3; 20,8; Ach 42,17
MTON m. rest 12,7; 17,18*
MAY place; 3,10; 5,16( C T N C M X Y ) ; 6,1
CTMMXY
( ; 7,7.10.13; 8,8.10.15; 9,9.10;
CTMMAYOY)
10,8.18.20; 11,3.4.8.10; 12,8; 16,17; 17,1.10;
1
18,4.15.21; 19,18*; 20,22; Sa 14,19.31; 6 T M M O
Ach 41,17; 42,2.16; 43,8
MOOY m. water 1,17; 20,18*.20*; pi. MOYeiooYe 20,1*
M66Y6 m. thought 1,9; 2,2*; 3,10
MHH0)6 m. multitude 1,12; 5,15(MH(ne) ; 18,16*
M l(D6 fight 18,6
Moocne walk, go 2,12; 12,14; 13,5.7; Ach 41,5 ( M x x e ) 2

MOY2 fill, be filled 12,4; ordinal number with M 6 2 - 7,8;


11,12; 12,8( M A 2 - ) ; 16,6; 19,2
1
MX 2 6 f. cubit 20,19; Sa 14,26
M€ 2 A X bevy, flock 12,13
M2 I T m. north 5,10
MXXX6 m. ear 14,2 ( MNMXAXG)

N~, MMO* prep, passvm


N-, NX* prep, passim
NX go Ach 43,16 ( NNX)

NOY go; N H Y t 1,22.24*; 7,7.9; 12,11.12.20*; 14,1;


15,10; Sa 14,5; Ach 42,10; 43,9( NNHY).17
1

( NNHY)

NOYB m. gold 17,11


NOB6 m. sin l,3.4(bis); 2,13; 3,17; 4,7.11; 17,5; 20,2;
1
Sa 14,6.28; Ach 41,7.11.14; 43,12
N KX m. thing 1,11; 5,4
NKOTK sleep 17,13
N IM who? 4,12.14
Indices /103

every 1,11; 2,4; 3,8.18; 5,2.4; 7,17; 9,11.18;


13,13; 14,6; 15,5.13.16; 16,12.18.19; 18,8;
20,10; Ach 44,1
pit Ach 43,7
prep. 2,5; 17,5; 18,19.20*; 20,16; Ach 42,14(ce);
NCCD* 1
14,18; 20,11; Sa 14,10.27
prep. 2,18
you 15,15( N T K ) .19.20( N T O O K ) ; 16,9.11; 18,11;
20,5.6*
they 2,13; 17,9; Ach 41,10( NTxy)

he 12,10; 13,16; 14,6.8


look, see 5,9; 12,17; 13,9; 16,5; 17,2; 18,1*; N O
Ach 41,11.15
m. hour, time 14,20; 15,2
m. god 3,2; r i N o y T e God 1,5.18; 2,21; 3,1.4.5; 4,10;
6,5.6.8; 7,6; 11,20.21; 15,19*; 16,9; 18,5;
1
20,17; Sa 14,8; Ach 41,6
be many; NAO)CD* 12,4
m. breath Ach 43,3
be good; N O i p e f. good 3,12; Noyseadj. good
4,10; 12,4
save 20,7; N A M *
2 1,11.20.24*; 20,7
throw, place 14,21*; 15,6; N e x - 4 , 8 ; 9,19; 17,8;
NOX* 13,11
1
great 6,14; 16,1; 17,17; 19,8; Sa 14,21
resumptive particle, passim

1
again 13,1*; 14,5; 15,6; 16,7; Sa 14,14
m. moon 8,7
m. fold Ach 42,8

definite article, passim


pre-nominal possessive article 1,8; NA-2,21*; 15,13
copula 3,2; 4,14.18; 6,4*; 10,5.13; 11,20*; 12,10
(bis); 13,17.20*; 14,8.10; 18,11.17; 20,5*.14*;
T 6 4,18; 6,17.18; 12,19; N 6 2,6.21
f. heaven 2,4; 5,5; 10,2; 12,15; 13,5; 15,13*.17;
1
17,2; 18,1; 19,2.4*.20; Sa 14,22; Ach 42,3.5;
43,9.13; pi. riHye 3,11; 10,8
pre-pronominal possessive article i t t 1,8; 2,7; 7,18
15,4; 20,23*; T X 2,13; 15,4; N X Sa 13,24.26.27 1

H 6 K Ach 43,4; T G K 15,18; nes 1,9.19.21; 2,5


7,11; 10,16; 12,13; Ach 41,6; T 6 < i 4,2.13; 7,8;
104/ Apocalypse of Elijah

12,16; 14,16; Neq2,18; 5,12; 7,1; 12,20; 13,12


1
(bis).18*; 14,1.2.3; 14,7; 19,1; Sa 14,11;
nee 1 4 , 1 0 . 1 2 . 2 0 ; n e N 20,8; N6N 10,7; n e T N
8,11; 14,3; N 6 T N 5,14; 8,13; 10,15; n e y 3,2;
8,3; 19,4; Sa 14,33; Ach 4 2 , 1 7 ( n o y ) ; T e y
1

2,7.8; 4 , 2 0 ; 19,6.7.11; N e y 6 , 1 2 ; 8,4.9;


9,14(bis); 17,6.7.11.14.15; 19,9*
nx I demonstrative pronoun 1,18; 13,16; 14,7; 16,10;
18,10.17; n i 4,18; 12,19; N A I 3,1.7.10 ;
16,14 ; 17,9(NH); 18,4; 19,6; Ach 4 2 , 1 0 ( N 6 i )
nei demonstrative article 1,2.12(nx i 6 i ) ; 12,7; 16,15
ncD* possessive pronoun; Noy* 2,6; 5,6; 19,1*
ne\H6 meaning unknown 13,20
neN i ne m. iron 17,6
ncopK be plucked out 19,22*
ncopx m. separation 10,13
no)T run, flee 5,18; 9,2.6; 10,19; 11,11; 14,12.18; 17,11;
1
18,6.19; Sa 13,31; 14,10; Ach 42,13; nHTt 1,16
noxn divide, be separate 18,16
nu)2 tear 8,9; 10,14
1
nxaoy m. hind part, back; z I nxzoy behind Sa 14,13
nexe- said 2,6; nexx* 3,16; 5,7; 17,21*

PH m. sun 1,14; 8,7; 11,10; 12,18; 13,2; 14,19*; 19.19;


1
Sa 14,2
pco emphatic particle 4,14; 15,19; 16,8.11
po>K2 burn 17,6; 18,14; Ach 43,11
1
piM6 weep 8,19; 20,20*; Sa 14,6
pcDMe m. man 1,16.23; 3,12; Ach 41,5; p 6 i - 2,13; 20,2;
1
Sa 14,6.27; Ach 41,11.14; 43,12
pMMMe honest 18,19
1
poMne f. year 7,8; 9,18; 11,3.12; 12,3.8; Sa 13,26; Ach
43,11; 44,2( p x M n e )

pxN m. name 2,7; 6,4*; 7,6; 11,21; 14,10; 19,6*


pne m. temple 7,10; 15,1.7; pi. pnHye 11,17.19
ppo m. king 4,17; 5,9.10.11.17.18.20; 7,7(bis); 9,11;
10,9.19*; 11,2.9.23*; 12,2.8; 17,10; Ach 43,10.
15; pi. e p c D o y 5,4; 11,1.14; p p o ) o y 11,12;
M N T p p o f. kingdom 17,19*
poe Ic watch 19,15
pooye m. stubble 1,17; Sa 1
14,29( p H i o y e )
pxoje rejoice 10,4.6; m. joy 6,18
Indices /105

POY2 6 m. evening 14,21*

CCD drink 11,6


CAB e m. wise person 5,3; pi. cxeeoy 2,18; 6,14
(cABeey)

CB(D f. doctrine, teaching 20,14; pi. CBOoye 2.21*


COBT6 become ready, prepare 2,3; CBTCDTT 18,4
CCDB 2 become leprous; coset 13,9; m. leprosy 14,2
CCDK flow 11,5; 12,16; 19,11
CX\A0)6 I6 subst. tall (?) 13,20*
CM H f. voice Ach 41,5 ( C M I )
CMOY bless 19,5
CM I N 6 set up, establish; CMMONTT 3,7
1
COON6 m. robber Sa 13,32
cu)N r suck 9,14; 14,20*
CCDNT create 3,4.11.16; 4,5
1
CNAY m. two 4,19.20; 7,3; CNOOYC 9,18( MNT-); S a 14,26
CNO<l m. blood 5,22; 9,14( cNCIXDI ) ; 11,5.6; 14,20*; 15,6
con m. time 1,13; 5,14; 8,19; 10,12; 14,4(bis); Ach 42,1
(cxn)

COT6 m. arrow 9,15( COTO ) .19*


CTO I m. smell; C-J-NOY * [e 4
fragrance 4,10

COT BH m. tool, weapon 4,14


CCDTM hear 2,4.18; 6,17; 8,16; 10,13; 13,8; 14,9; 15,8.20*;
1
16,19; 18,3.12; 20,10; Sa 14,15.20; Ach 41,4
( CCDTM 6 ) ; A T CCDTM 20,16

C IOY m. star 15,17*


COOY m. six 12,3; 19,2.3*; coe f. 11,12(M62-) ; MNTACG
sixteen 20,19 ( M N N A C G )
COOYN know, learn 16,10; C O Y C D N - 7 , 2 ; 13,16*.19*; 14,8;
18,11
CCDOY2 gather, collect 4,3
C 10)6 m. bitterness 8,6
ccixge f. field 4,13
m. seven 16,2
CACD/I
despise; cytDC 4,17
1
f. sword Sa 14,18
CHH 6
m. awl 17,6
remove 18,6
C002 6
106/ Apocalypse of Elijah

cooae reprove 14,13; 15,3; 16,7.12


CZAI write; cea- 2,7; CHgt 19,6

ca IM6 f. woman 9,11

C6IM m. grey hair 13,21*

honour; TX I HOYT 3,7


1
give 1,5.15; 6,3.5.7; 11,19*; 13,18; Sa 14,32; + -
1
4,1.2; 9,12.13;12,2; 19,5*; Sa 14,1.32; T A A *
7,18; 8,1; 9,15; 17,22; 18,14*; 19,13*; Ach
42,2( T 6 6 * ) . 8 ; f 6 B O X 8,17; f CBCD 20,14; f
TCDN 3,19; f OYB6 3,13

TO f. spot 13,21*; 14,2


TCDB6 m. birth stool 10,3

TBA m. ten thousand 19,2

T B BO purify; TBBO* 13,10

TBNH m. animal; p i . TBNOOYG 19,22

TU)K throw 15,19

TAKO destroy, p e r i s h 11,18; 20,16; Sa 13,30( T X 6 O ) ; Ach x

43,2.5( T6KO) ; TGKA* Ach 43,6; TXKOm.


destruction 10,17

TAXO l i f t ; TAAO* 19,8

TXX60 heal; TX6O 13,10

TM negative particle 1,13*.14; 17,3

TCDM shut; TAM- 8,2

TAM IO make, create 20,9; TXMIG-1,10*; 3,11; TAM I 6* 1,6

TAMO tell; TAM6— 1,21


1
T6NOY now 20,11.13.15; Sa 13,29.31; Ach 43,5 (fNOY)

TCDN where 20,12.14


TCDN subst.; + TCDN d i s p u t e 3,19

TANO make Ach 43,13

TNNOOY send 1,19; 19,1; TNNOOY* 12,1


1
TN 2 m. wing 19,3.9; Sa 14,11
w h o l e , a l l 7,13.15.16; 8,1; 9,8; 11,11.16.21*;
TH p * 12,17.21*; 14,17; 16,5.21*; 17,2; 19,9; Ach 43,10
f. hand; NTOOT* 4,14; 9,7; 2 ITOOT* 6,4; zoy
TCDp 6 TOOT* 12,21; z I T N - Ach 43,1
teach; TCXBO* 9,19
TCABO
m. mountain; pi. TOye I Sa 1
14,32
TOOY
send; T e o y 6 - Sa 1
14,23; Ach 42,8
TAOYO
TOY€ IO remove; -f-OY6- 7,6
Indices /107

1
TCDOYN arise 17,9; Sa 14,9; TCDOYN* 5,9.16; 7,11; 10,8;
11,9; 12,6 ( TOYN*); 15,2; 16,6; 17,17

TOYNOC wake, raise; T O Y N e c — 13,15; 18,9


TX(1)0 increase 5,12; 13,12
T.\2 0 establish 6,12
T62N6 f. forehead 2,7; 19,6
TAXpO strengthen; TAxpHYT 3,8
TID6 6 be joined 15,19* ( TCOK )

TX 6 C 6 f. footprint 20,13

OY what? 20,3; 6 T B 6 o y why? 1,3; 10,2


oyx one, someone 6,4; 7,3.4; 11,20*; 17,13(bis); noyx
noyx each 17,17( O Y ^ O Y ^ ) ; 19,3.4; Ach 41,7
oyoe i woe! 8,9; 11,7; 20,10.23*
OY**B+ be holy 3,15.19.20*; 4,4.6(bis).7.11.19; 6,3*.6*.10;
7,16; 8,2; 10,19*; 11,19; 13,1; 14,11.16; 15,10;
1
19,12; Sa 13,34; 14,13; Ach 43,10.16
OYHHB m. priest 6,5.13; 7,15; 8,8; 10,15; 11,18
OYB6 opposite; + OYB6 oppose 3,13
OYCDBC1) white 19,15
oycDM eat 19,13; Sa 1
14,27; O Y O M * 17,16
1
OY06IN m. light 12,18; 13,3; 17,2; 19,11; Sa 14,3
be; O Y N 3,18; 5 , 1 4 ( O Y N N ) ; 7,6; 11,5; 13,21*; 14,2;
OYON 1
19,3; Sa 14,9.29; Ach 41,16; O Y N T A * 7,2
someone 12,9; oyou N I M 2 , 4 ( O Y O N I M ) ; 13,13; 20,10
OYON
1
pass by 8,11; 20,23*; Sa 13,25; Ach 43,4
OY6 IN 6
f. right hand 2,8( O Y N I M ) ; 7,3.4; 17,23*; 19,7
OYNAM
OYNOY f. hour 18,5(6YNOY); NT6YNOY immediately 10,17;
1
TGNOY now 20,11.13.15; Sa 13,29.31
Oy(DN2 reveal; OYCDNZ GBOX 8,7; 15,9; OYON a 10,17; 12,9;
14,11
OYCDT single, alone 5,2; 6,17
1
change Sa 13,27.29; -eapxi surpass 2,14
oyoe leg m, time, occasion 2,20; 3,8.18; 5,2.3; 9,10; 10,1.5;
1
15,5.12.16*; 16,12.18.19; 20,23*; Sa 13,24;
Ach 43,4; 44,1
oyox!) desire, love 1,15.17
oycyn f. night Ach 41,9
oycoa/r worship 11,21*; 20,13
oyo)2 place; oyez- 1,4
108/ Apocalypse of Elijah

oyxxi m. salvation 15,1.7

COM K swallow 1,15; OMK* 1,17

CON2 live 16,17*; ON t 2 12,5; 15,2.5; 16.11; CON 2 m. life


19,14*
COCK delay 10,16
coco cry; coco- 5,13( XCD-); 8,14( XCD-); 17,1; 20,2

cocoM evaporate 20,2


C02 6 stand - e p x T * 13,1(X2 6 ) ; Ach 41,7; m. condition
Ach 42,8
CD be able 4,18; 5,6; 11,6; 14,7; 17,3.9; 18,9; Ach
42,15(a)
cpx rise 1,14; subst. 12,18
ci)X m. nose; CDXNT* 17,9
cox prep. 2,13; 4,9; 11,5; 12,19; 14,1*.14; 17,16*;
19,8; c p x p * 1,1.22.24; C ^ X T N - 13,15; CDJ.2 p x i
14,14.19
CDi measure, weigh 6,11
0)O thousand 19,3; Ach 43,11 (BO); 44,2(ao)
cijiBe change 15,17; CDBT* 1,23; 14,3.5.7; u ) O B e t 3,13

cpi K 6 dig 20,18*


O>DK be deep,dug; ci)HKt 20,17*
O/DX plunder 11,17
COM M O subst. stranger 2,17; 3,5; 15,12.16; 20,9
cgHM young 9,18; 14,15
CDXMXPXT thin-legged? 13,21
OBOMNT m. three 10,9; 11,2( OJOMT),7; 16,4(CJDOM) ; Q M T 18,3;
f. CDX>MT6 11,3; 12,2

ci)HN m. tree 19,14.22


u)lN6 ask; Q N T * Ach 42,7

cijDNe be sick 13,10; m. sickness 4,8; (ynzHT* 1,9.18;


18,22
ci)NC m. linen 14,12
CDN2HT* have compassion 1,9.18; 18,22( CDN2 ZTHH)

qjcon receive 8,17( c y a x o n ) ; c p e n - 16,10; 17,14


cyme be ashamed 15,12.18; 16,8; subst. XTcyI n e shameless
one 14,10.15*.18*; 15,3.9.21; 16,8.19; 18,7.12;
20,20*
cycone become 1,1*; 2,1.2; 5,22; 9,17; 15,1.17; 17,15.19;
Sa 1
13,26; 14,18.30; Ach 41,16( a c o n e ) ; cyoont
be 1,7; 3,3; 9,1; 10,6.10; 11,8; a o o n Ach 42,9;
43,15.17; 44.1; M X Ncytone m. dwelling place 2,18;
Indices /109

ecgcone if 5,1; Sa 1
14,8*

cgnHpe m. wonder 13,12; 18,21


cgHpe m. son 1,19; 2,2; 5,14; 7,3.11; 8,4.13; 9,17;
10,3.6.7; 14,5; c g H p e N T X N O M I A 2,9; 13,2.17;
14,8.15; 17,3.23*; 18,11; 19,17*; 20,4.5; Ach
42,14; c g H p e M n x A K O 10,16;ti)Hpe MnNoyie Ach
41,6
u>opn earliest, first 15,2
UJDC m. herd, shepherd Ach 42,7(ci)xc)
cgcoc despise 4,17
cgtDTe f. well, pit Ach 43,7
QTopTp shake, tremble 7,13; 11,11; 19,19; m. 5,13; 19,24*
u)Hye f. altar; pi. o j H o y e 18,14

cgooye be dry 20,1; cpoytDoyt 13,6

qjoyo flow, empty; cgoyeiTt 6,2.7; 20.8


cgoycgoy m. pride 1,7
1
qjoeio) m. dust 8,18; Sa 13,28
1
tD/iie f. seventy Sa 14,25
qjxxe speak, say 13,8; 16,16; Ach 41,3; 42,15; m. word 1,1
ujcnxn be over, remain; m. remnant 11,23

<i I seize, take 8,2; 10,1; 11,4; 17,11; 19,20;<IIT* 19,9


HTOOY m. four 7,6; 11,2; 12,8(<ITO) ; 16,6; 19,3
siD6€ deprive 3,6
<IO6OY jump 9,4

2* prep. 8,7; 11,22*; 12,16; 17,10; 19,1*.9.11.20;


2 xpo* 1,10.18

2X6 end 2,20; 17,17


26 fall 9,5; 13,3(bis); 15,16*; 19,22*.24
26 f. manner 4,18; 12,4.20; 20,12; N e e 1,16.17.23;
5,19; 12,12.17; 13,6; 15,17; 17,13(bis).15*.20;
1
Sa 13.28; 14,29; ue Ach 41,16; 42,17; 43,2
2H f, forepart, beginning 12,16; 13,21*; 14,2*; 19,9.11
2H f. stomach, body; 2 H T * 3,2; N 2 H T < S
3,18; 4,12;
11,7; N 2 H T * Ach 42,9; 43,3.15
2i prep. 3,19; 5,13; 7,3.4(bis); 8,19; 13,21*; 14,2;
16,1.4; 17,18.22*; Sa 14,13; IOXD* 4,15 1
2

20 f. face 7,5
2UXD* self, also 4,18; 12,21*; 20,23
110/ Apocalypse of Elijah

2CDB m. thing; p i . gBHye 13,14

2HB6 f. mourning 9,20

2BOC m. clothing 14,12

2 Bcu) f. garment 19,14

20XDK gird; 20K* 18,5

2CDK m. armour 4,15; 18,5

2KO b e h u n g r y 2,8; 19,16*

2HK6 poor 8,12

2xx subst. with eipe ; deceive 3,14

2CDX f l y Sa 1
14,12

2XXO m. o l d man 14,4

2xxHT m. b i r d ; p i . 2XX6T6 19,24*


2Mooc s i t 10,3( 2 M M O O C ) ; 17,22*
2MOT m. grace, gift Ach 41,16

2M2M roar 5,19

2MX m. v i n e g a r 17,8

2N prep, passim; G B O X 2 N 1,11.20( 6B6x); 2,1; 7,7;


9,14; 13,4; 15,16; 19,2.13
2 6N indef. a r t . p i . passim

2OYN m. inward part; 620YN adv. 4,3.19; 19,12


2 INHB sleep 17,13*
2*n m. judgement Sa 1
14,30

2pxi m. u p p e r part: 2pxi 2 N 7,8; 9,9; 12,7; 62pxi 12,6;


16,14; Sa 13,34( x 2 p x i ) ; 14,24; Ach 43,16;
1
2

e p x i e- 7,9; 10,2.11; 11,11; 14,13; 17,1.8;


2

18,6.14; 6 p x i 6 X N - (exti)*) 1,14; 5,12.18;


2

8,12; 9,5; 14,21*; 16,13*; Sa 14,3; e p x i 1


2

2 I X M - 9,8

2pxi m. lower part; x a p m Ach 42,10.11; 43.17

2 p I T ? 11,1

2POOY m. v o i c e 2,5; 8,16; 19,4; Sa 1


14,33

2 ice m. suffering 16,10

2HT m. m i n d , heart 4,5.19.20; 5,2; 18,15; CDN2THH pity

1,10.18; 18,22*
206 I T 6 f. garment 8,9; 10,15

20T6 f. fear 5,8


2COTB k i l l 4 16; 5,20; 7,12; 11,14.16; 16,3.15; 18,18;
?

Sa 1
13,33; Ach 42,14 ( a t O T B e )
2 iTN~ See Tcope

2CDTH m. setting (of sun) 12,19*; 14,19*


Indices /ill

2 .TOOT* See TCDpe

2TOOY6 f. dawn, morning 15,17


2 00Y m. day 4,4; 5,16; 6,1; 7,10.13; 8,8.10.11.15; 9,9
(bis); 10,8.18.20; 11,7.8.10; 16,2.4.6.16;
1
17,1*.17; 18,4.15.21; 19,18; 20,22*; Sa 13,27;
14,19.31.33; Ach 41,4.9.17; 42,2.16; 43,8
2 IOY6 strike; 2i TOOT* begin 6,4; 1 2 , 2 1 ( 2 0 Y )
2X2 many Ach 42,1
2AXN", 2 IXN See XCD*

2(DXn shut Ach 43,7 ( 2 C D X 6 ? )

XX 6 I 6 m. desert 12,1
xe conj. passim; 6BOX xe 2,16; 18,10
take, receive 2,5; 4,13; 5.21; 6,10.12; 7,5; 8,18;
1
11,15; 17,18; 18,2; Sa 14,11; Ach 42,13; X I T *
X I 6,15; 10,11; 19,12; x i o p to ferry 17,12; m.
ferry boat 17,11
say 1,2; 3,2; 6,16; 7,17; 9,5; 10,2.5; 12,9; 14,14;
15.3.11; 16,7.13; 17,12; 18,7.17; 20,3*.4*.22*;
1

XCD Sa 13,23; 14,7; x o o * 1,2; 6,4; 7,1; 11,20*.23;


13,2.5.19; Ach 43,4; xxic imper. 1,2*
m. head 14,1*; e x N - p r e p . 1,4.14; 2,7; 5,12.18;
1
9,3; 15,1*.7; 16,14; 19,6.9.24*; Sa 14,3.5;
XCD* excD* 7,11; 8,12; 9,5; 2XXCD* 12,5; 2I X N -
6,15; 7,15; 8,6; 9,8; 10,7; 12,15; 13,5; 15,14;
1
17,11; 19,7.20; 20,3; Sa 14,25; Ach 42,6;
2 I X C D * 9,4; Ach 43,12.13

X6KXXC conj. 1,11; 3,14


X I N prep. 3,11; 9,18( X N ) ; 19,7
X I N60NC m. violence 8,11
xno bear; x n 6 10,3
xpo be strong 17,23*
m. lord 2,15; nxoe ic 1,1.5.10; 2,6; 3,10.17;
4,1.5; 5,2.7; 11,23*; 15,5; 16,11.17; 17,14.21*;
XO 6 I C 1
Sa 14,20; Ach 42,3( x x e i c )
raise up, exalt 6,6
X I C 6 send 7,1; 13,19
XOOY twenty; (DMTXOYCDT sixty 18,3
XOYCOT m. enemy 14,16; 15,13.14*; 16,18; Sa 1
14,8
xxxe then, therefore 2,1.18; 3,9; 5,1; 8,16.19*; 20.12.15;
1

66 Sa 13,29.31; Ach 42,10; 43,5.9

6 CD remain 12,6

6XX6 lame, crippled person; pi. 6XX6Y6Y 13,7


112/ Apocalypse of Elijah

6UXDX6 swathe, clothe; 6 o \ * 14,12


6AXOYB I 2 bald-headed person 14,1
60M f. power, strength 13,17; 15,4; 16,16; 18,7.10;
20,6; Sa 14,9(bis); qr 4,18; 17,3; 18,9; 6M-
1

2,10; 5,6; 16,13; 19,17*


6 IN6 find; 6 M - 2,10( 6 N - ) ; 5,6; 6,13; 7,13; 18,9;
19,17*; 20,18.19*( 6 N - ) ; 6 N T * 4,16
60NC might, violence; m . x i N 6 0 N C 8,11
6CDNT become angry 14,17; 15,21*; 16,20*: 17,4; 18,12
( 6 O N T ) ; m. 1,5; 4,1; 19,9; Sa 1
14,22
1
60)116 seize, take 6,13; 7,15; 9,11.17; 6 e n - Sa 13,32
6pooMne dove 12,13.14
60)p6 inhabit 10,12
60C m. half 16,4
6 IX f. hand 2,8; 4,6; 14,3; 19,7
Indices /113

INDEX OF PROPER NOUNS

xccypioc 5,4.11; 11,1.14


rxBpIHX 19,10

6NCDX 15,8; Ach 42,11

lepoycxxHM 10,11.14; 14,14; 18,6


IOYAXIOC 10,10

IOYAXIX 14,13

KHM€ 5,12.21; 6,2.9; 8,10.14.18; 9,1; 10,11; 11,6.7.8


Ktoc 11,5
MN16 7,9.10; 11,5.12.13
nepcHC 10,20*; 11,13.14( nepcoc).21*

nepcic 10,9

nexpicroc, n e x c 12,10.12.20*; 13,14; 17,19*; 18,18*.18.22; 19,6;


20,5.9; Ach 43,9; 44,2
TXBiex 14,10

OYPIHX 19,10

2 Hx i x c 15,8; Ach 42,11; 44,4

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