PCs CORBEL

Version EN-4/2009
Replaces brochure 5/2006
PCs CORBEL

Benefits of Peikko® PCs corbel

• The corbel is installed after casting – the column’s mould remains solid
• Corbel’s position can be adjusted both in vertical and horizontal directions
after casting
• Easy and fast beam installation; no additional installation parts
• Corbel design allows length tolerance for the beam
• Small size: fits into low beams and slabs, suitable for demanding
architectural constructions
• No need for additional fire protection
• Several sizes – unique for heavy loads: PCs 15

Peikko benefits
• reliable: passed demanding test
program
• competitive price and delivery
time
• economical and easy to use in
designing, manufacturing and
installation of the elements
CONTENTS

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM .......................4

2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS ......................4
2.1 The column part and the corbel parts 4
2.2 Beams 9

3. MANUFACTURING ........................................ 11
3.1 Manufacturing method 11
3.2 Manufacturing tolerances 11
3.3 Quality control 11

4. CAPACITIES .................................................. 11
5. APPLICATION ................................................13
5.1 Limitations for application 13
5.2 Design principles 13
5.2.1 Requirements of the concrete and correction factors for capacities 13
5.2.2 Minimum edge distances and minimum sizes of the bearing structures 14
5.2.3 Bending moment to the column 15
5.2.4 Torsion 16
5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and things to be marked on drawings 19
5.2.6 Fire protection and environmental classes 29

6. INSTALLATION ..............................................29
6.1 Installation to the mould 29
6.2 Installation of the corbel parts and installation tolerances 29
6.3 Beam installation and installation tolerances 30
6.4 Grouting of the joint 31

7. INSTALLATION CONTROL ..............................31

7.1 Mould installation control of the parts 31
7.2 Installation control of the corbel parts 31
7.3 Installation control of the beam 31

8. PROCEDURES IF TOLERANCES ARE

EXCEEDED ...................................................31

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 PCs CORBEL

1. DESCRIPTION OF 2. DIMENSIONS AND

THE SYSTEM MATERIALS
The Peikko® PCs corbel system is designed to Materials:
support steel, composite and reinforced concrete
beams to reinforced concrete columns and walls.
Plates S355J2+N SFS-EN 10025:2004
This brochure introduces the corbel system in use S355J0 SFS-EN 10025:2004
with steel and composite beams. The use of PCs Ribbed bars A500HW/BSt500S SFS 1215
corbel system with reinforced and prestressed con-
Bolts property class 10.9 ISO 4014, DIN 931
crete beams is described in Peikko’s brochure “PC
Beam shoe”. Washers property class 10.9 ISO 7416, DIN 6916

Connection consists of:

• A column part and corbel parts 2.1 The column part and the
• A slot connection in the beam end plate corbel parts
The column part is installed together with the rein-
forcement to the column’s mould. Colum part and the corbel parts are delivered to-
gether. PCs corbel system has standardized parts
The corbel parts (a corbel plate, washers and bolts) for various load classes.
are attached to the column in the pre-cast factory
after casting.

A slot for the corbel is made to the end plate and to

the bottom plate of a steel or composite beam.

The beam is installed on the corbel by lowering the

beam so that the slot on the beam’s end will fit the
corbel.

The joint between the column and the beam is cast-

ed at the same time with joints between hollow
core slabs. At the same time the whole
beam (Deltabeam) or at least the
end part of the beam (WQ-beam)
is filled with concrete.

Models:
• PCs for middle floors in multi-storey
columns
• PCs UP for one storey columns and
top floors of multi-storey columns
• PCs LOCK for cases with negative Figure 1. PCs UP corbel system with Deltabeam (left)
4 support reactions and PCs corbel system with Deltabeam (above).
PCs corbel system has various models for each All models are also available with the LOCK-option
load class (* = Except PCs 15: no UP-models): for the cases with negative support reaction from
• basic model (for example PCs 3) the beam.
• two-sided basic model (for example PCs 3-2)
• UP-model* (for example PCs 3 UP)
• two sided UP-model* (for example PCs 3-2 UP)

Table 1. Dimensions [mm], weights [kg] and colour codes of the column part and the corbel parts

d3
d3

H3
d3
H3
H3

t1 t1
t1

H2

H1
H1
H2
H2

H1
Δ

Δ
Δ
L3 L1
B1 L3 L1 L3 L1 B1
B1
H3

H3
H3

B2 B2
B2

PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10 PCs 15

H1 155 155 205 225 280 280
L1 76 92 112 112 117 122
B1 60 80 90 110 145 220
t1 45 55 65 65 65 75
bolts M16 x 90 M24 x 115 M30 x 140 M30 x 140 M30 x 150 M30 x 150
Δ 27,5 40 55 62 50 58
H2 210 235 315 350 380 380
H3 397 386 430 423 578 578
L3 125 140 150 145 160 260
B2 116 135 150 212 222 282
d3 16 20 25 32 32 32
weight 12.8 21.9 38.0 58.4 85.0 127.5
colour red grey yellow green blue black
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 PCs CORBEL
Table 2. Dimensions [mm], weights [kg] and colour codes of the UP-model column part and the corbel parts. Load class
PCs15 is not available as UP-model

t1
t1

H2

H1
H2

H1
Δ

Δ
L4 L1 L4 L1
B1
B1
H3

H3
d3 d3

B2
B2

PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP

H1 155 155 205 225 280

L1 76 92 112 112 117

B1 60 80 90 110 145

t1 45 55 65 65 65

bolts M16 x 90 M24 x 115 M30 x 140 M30 x 140 M30 x 150

Δ 27,5 40 55 62 50

H2 210 235 315 350 380

H3 397 386 430 423 578

L4 125 200 250 210 260

B2 116 135 150 212 222

d3 16 20 25 32 32

weight 12.2 21.5 37.3 57.3 84.5

colour red grey yellow green blue

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Table 3. Product codes for two-sided corbels.

length
Forming the product code

square column
load class of the corbel
two-sided
side length of the
PCs 3-2 H[length]
column
e.g. PCs 5-2 H280

load class of the corbel

ia m.
round column

Ød two-sided
diameter of the
PCs 3-2 d[diameter]
column
e.g. PCs 5-2 d280
Peikko calculates the distance of the corbel plates

length load class of the corbel

two-sided
square column

side length of the column

PCs 3-2 H[length] UP UP-model

e.g. PCs 5-2 H280 UP

load class of the corbel diameter of the column

m.
round column

dia two-sided
Ø

PCs 3-2 d[diameter] UP UP-model

e.g. PCs 5-2 d280 UP

Peikko calculates the distance of the corbel plates

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 PCs CORBEL
Table 4. Dimensions [mm] and colour codes for LOCK-models.

H6

100
thread

L
H1

Length L must be defined

in product code. See table 5.

L1 E.g. PCs 3 LOCK 260

B1

PCs 2 LOCK PCs 3 LOCK PCs 5 LOCK PCs 7 LOCK PCs 10 LOCK PCs 15 LOCK
H1 155 155 205 225 280 280
L1 76 92 112 112 117 122
B1 60 80 90 110 145 220
thread M16 M22 M22 M22 M27 M27
H6 31 39 39 39 50 50
colour red grey yellow green blue black

Table 5. Forming the product code for the corbel.

280 load class

d=
double-sided corbel (-2)
square or round column (H or d)
340

diameter / side length of the

column
PCs 5-2 d280 UP model suitable for
column’s top end (UP)
LOCK 290 LOCK 350

model for negative support reaction (LOCK) and length of

the thread
Parts of product code marked with blue, red and green are independent
from one another. Double-sided corbel is indicated with ”-2” followed by
the diameter or side length of the column. The letter in front of the dimen-
sion is “H” for rectangular column and “d” for circular column. If more
than one LOCK-corbel part is needed (double-sided corbel), each is marked
separately.

E.g. “PCs 3-2 d280 UP LOCK 340” pictured on the left

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2.2 Beams
Deltabeams

Table 6. The suitability of the corbels with different Deltabeam sizes when the bottom edge of the corbel is at the same
level as the under side of the slab. Application range is the same with LOCK-corbel. When there is a need to have corbel
at a higher level inside the beam (for example to achieve better fire resistance) measure H3 on beam’s end plate need to
be checked. H3 must be at least the value shown in table 7.

Top surface of Deltabeam’s flange Corbel’s centerline

= corbel plate’s bottom surface = centerline of
= slab’s bottom surface beam’s top plate

H3 H3

D-beam DR-beam

Deltabeam D50, D60 D37, D40 D30, D32 D26 D20, D22, D25
height range DR50, DR60 DR37, DR40 DR30, DR32 DR26 DR20, DR22, DR25
konsoli
PCs 2 corbel application
PCs 2 UP range
PCs 3 corbel application
PCs 3 UP range
PCs 5 corbel application
PCs 5 UP range
PCs 7 corbel application
PCs 7 UP range
PCs 10 corbel application
PCs 10 UP range
corbel application
PCs 15
range

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 PCs CORBEL
WQ-beams

Table 7. The suitability of the diferent corbel size classes and the measurements of the slot with WQ-beam when the
bottom edge of the corbel is at the same level as the under side of the slab. When there is a need to have corbel at a
higher level inside the beam (for example to achieve better fire resistance) measure H3 on beam’s end plate need to be
checked. H3 must be at least the value shown in the table.
ø60 casting hole
40

H3
(not in LOCK-model)
t Top surface of WQ-beam’s
R bottom flange
= corbel plate’s bottom
surface

H1
L

H2
= slab’s bottom surface

B2
B1

corbel
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
PCs 15
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
bottom flange:

B1 95 115 125 145 190 260

L 70 80 95 95 100 105
WQ-beam

end plate:

t 15 20 25 25 25 25

H1 155 155 205 225 280 280

H2 123.5 113.5 158 168 204.75 167.5

H3 min 45 45 50 60 70 80

B2 63±1 83±1 94±2 114±2 150.5±3 225.5±3

R 31.5 41.5 47 57 75.25 112.5

WQ 200 corbel application range

WQ 265 corbel application range

WQ 320 corbel application range

WQ 400 corbel application range

Table 8. Additional holes needed for WQ-beam’s top plate when using LOCK-corbel. Link in the bottom and end plate
same as in table 7.

PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10 PCs 15

B LOCK LOCK LOCK LOCK LOCK LOCK

A A 35 40 40 40 45 50
C
C B 60 70 85 85 90 95
A C 15 20 25 35 50 85

Centerline of the corbel link at the end plate

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 Concrete strength grades of the column is C30/37
3. MANUFACTURING (Eurocode 2) in capacity calculations.

3.1 Manufacturing method Table 9. Capacities

Plates Flame and mechanical

cutting
V
Ribbed bars Mechanical cutting

Inner threads, T
saw teeth, holes Mechanical machining
H
Welding MAG by hand or with a
robot

PCs 10 UP
Welding class C (SFS-EN 25817)

PCs 2 UP

PCs 3 UP

PCs 5 UP

PCs 7 UP

PCs 15
PCs 10
PCs 2

PCs 3

PCs 5

PCs 7
3.2 Manufacturing
tolerances accoring to EC (without NAD):

Column part: depth and width ±3 VRd [kN] 230 385 580 785 1010 1500
total height ± 10
TRd
7 15 25 50 75 190
[kNm]
Corbel parts: width, height
and thickness ±3 HRd [kN] 45 75 115 155 200 300

3.3 Quality control
The quality control involved in producing the steel
parts conforms to the requirements set by the Finn-
ish Building Code. Peikko Finland Oy is under the
Inspecta for quality control. PCs corbel system has
certified product declarations confirmed by the Con-
crete Association of Finland.
The capacities are the same when using the LOCK-
corbel. LOCK-model adds the ability to take forces
that are directed upwards. This kind of scenario may
occur with continuous beams or with gerber-con-
nection. The negative support reaction to the corbel
may be present during installation or in final stage.
The LOCK-corbel’s capacity for the negative support
reaction is the same with all models, see figure 2.

Products are marked with the certification mark Capacity of the LOCK-corbel
of Inspecta, the emblem of Peikko Group, the
type of the product and year and the week of According to Eurocode VRd, neg = 80 kN
manufacturing.
Capacities under
fire are presented Vneg
4. CAPACITIES in chapter 5.2.6. The
designer has to en-
The capacities are calculated according to Euroco- sure, that the loads
des. Capacities are presented in table 9. Assem- during fire situation
bling tolerances have been taken into account in the won’t exceed the
capacities. The interaction of shear force and torsion capacities.
has to be checked from the figure 3 (p. 12).
Figure 2. LOCK-corbel’s
The tension capacity is 20 % of the shear capac- capacity for nega-
ity. A displacement parallel to a longitudinal axis of tive support reaction.
the beam usually happens before the full tension Torsion capacity, ten-
capacity is reached (the beam moves towards the sion and positive shear
washer). This is to prevent beam falling down in the capacity (downwards)
case of accidents. for LOCK are the same
with basic model.
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 PCs CORBEL
Figure 3. The interaction curves for shear force and torsion capacities.

Torsion capacity Vud [kNm]

200
195
190
185
180
175 PCs 15
170
165
PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP
160 PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP
155
150 PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP
145
PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP
140
135 PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP
130
125
120
115
PCs 15
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
PCs 10
45
40
35
30
PCs 7
25
20
15 PCs 5
10 PCs 3
5 PCs 2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Shear capacity Vud [kN]

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5. APPLICATION
This brochure of Peikko® PCs corbel system in-
troduces the connection of steel and composite
beams to prefabricated or in-situ casted concrete
columns and walls.
5.1 Limitations for
application
The capacities of the corbel system have been cal-
culated for static loads. In the case of dynamic and
fatigue loads greater safety factors have to be con-
sidered individually for each case.
When the usage conditions are below -20°C the
use of steel with better impact ductility has to be
considered.
5.2 Design principles
5.2.1 Requirements of the
concrete and correction factors for
capacities
The concrete strength grade of the column is
C30/37 (Eurocode 2) in capacity calculations. Lower
concrete strength grades have to be taken into con-
sideration according to the table 10.
Shear load Vd on the connection
When there is only a shear load Vd on the connec-
tion the capacity value presented in table 9 (p. 11)
has to be multiplied by the value presented in table
10. The designed shear load must be smaller than
the reduced capacity value.
E.g. The concrete strength of the column is
C25/30. The design value of the shear
force is Vd = 270 kN.
The capacity of the PCs 3 is:
VRd,red = 0.88 x 350 kN = 308 kN.
VRd,red > Vd so PCs 3 is suitable for the
connection.
Shear load Vd and torsion Td on the connection
The interaction of shear load Vd and torsion Td has
to be checked according the figure 3. The designed
loads are divided by the value presented in table
10. The intersection point of increased load values
must be inside the capacity curve.
E.g. The concrete strength of the column is
C25/30. The design value of the shear
force is Vd = 287 kN and the design value
of the torsion is Td = 12 kNm.
These values have to be divided by the
factor from table 10.
Vd,incr = 287/0.88 = 326 kN and
Td,incr = 12/0.88 = 14 kNm.
The intersection point of these values is
inside the capacity curve of PCs 5, so
PCs 5 is suitable for the connection.
Table 10. Correction factors
according to Eurocode
C20/25 C25/30
0.76 0.88
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 PCs CORBEL
5.2.2 Minimum edge distances mum distance from top of the column for UP-model
and minimum sizes of the bearing is presented in figures 8 and 9 (p. 24-25).
structures
The designer must check the capacity of the col-
Column parts have been designed to be installed in umn and that the corbel fits into the column with
to the middle of the column’s side. The minimum the main reinforcement and other steel parts.
edge distance must be at least the same as pre- Anchoring of the main reinforcement of the
sented in tables 11 and 12, also in the case when column has to be taken care of when using the
the column part is placed eccentrically. UP model. AutoCad blocks available on Peikko’s
home page will help with this work.
Standard column part can be used in all sides of
the column at the same level. The minimum column
sizes depend on the dimensions of the column part
and also on the anchoring of the column part, differ-
ent cases are presented in tables 11 and 12. Mini-

Table 11. The minimum column and wall sizes [mm] when using standard parts.
Hmin / bmin dmin

PCs 2 280 / 280 280

b min

PCs 3 280 / 280 280

PCs 5 280 / 280 280

H min PCs 7 380 / 380 380

d min PCs 10 380 / 380 380

PCs 15 380 / 450 450

PCs 2 280 / 280 290

PCs 3 290 / 280 320

b min

PCs 5 310 / 310 340

PCs 7 380 / 380 380

H min PCs 10 380 / 380 385

d min
PCs 15 530 / 450 560

PCs 2 310 / 310 350

PCs 3 360 / 360 380

b min

PCs 5 380 / 380 400

PCs 7 480 / 480 500

PCs 10 480 / 480 520

H min d min
PCs 15 790 / 790 830

bmin emin

PCs 2 200 140

emin

PCs 3 200 140

PCs 5 200 140

PCs 7 200 175

bmin
PCs 10 220 175
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Table 12. The minimum column sizes [mm] when using standard UP models.
Hmin / bmin dmin

PCs 2 UP 280 / 280 280

b min PCs 3 UP 280 / 280 280

PCs 5 UP 300 / 280 280

H min d min PCs 7 UP 380 / 380 380

PCs 10 UP 380 / 380 380

PCs 2 UP 280 / 280 290

PCs 3 UP 410 / 280 430

b min

PCs 5 UP 510 / 310 520

PCs 7 UP 430 / 380 470

H min d min
PCs 10 UP 530 / 380 560

PCs 2 UP 310 / 310 350

PCs 3 UP 480 / 480 490

b min

PCs 5 UP 580 / 580 590

PCs 7 UP 580 / 580 600

H min d min PCs 10 UP 700 / 700 720

Table 13. The eccentricity of the vertical support reaction

Double sided corbels can be used for example in
of the beam. Value e presents the farthest point from
the case where standard parts will not fit inside the
the surface of the column where shear from the beam
column. These are manufactured according to the can be.
customer’s needs.
Vd
Also three- or four-sided corbels can be made on e
order. Peikko’s technical support will assist in these
cases.

5.2.3 Bending moment to the

column
B
Moment caused by the vertical support reaction of
the beam
The moment of the column caused by the vertical Mxd = Vd (B/2 + e)
support reaction of the beam can be calculated with e [mm]
the values shown in table 13.
PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP 43

PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP 48

PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP 56

PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP 56

PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP 56

PCs 15 56
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 PCs CORBEL
Moment caused by the bending of the beam
The additional moment caused by the bending of
the beam is presented in table 14. This value has to
be added to the moment of the column. This value
has been defined to be equal with the moment
capacity of the corbel. True value of the additional
moment depends on how much the column and
the beam bend under the loads added after casting
the joints. The values of the additional moment has
been calculated so that the distance between the
bottom edge of the corbel and the under side of the
beam is 10 mm at most. If the distance is greater,
the additional moment will be bigger. In this case
contact Peikko’s technical support.
5.2.4.1 Erection situation
Torsion exists in beam when e.g.:
1. slabs are erected first only to the other side of
the beam, and the beam is unsupported
2. span or weight of slabs are not equal on
the both sides of the beam and the beam is
unsupported
3. there are openings in the floor and the beam is
unsupported

Table 14. The additional moment to the column.

Mxd [kNm]
PCs 2
13
PCs 2 UP
PCs 3
16
PCs 3 UP
PCs 5
40
PCs 5 UP
When all slabs are erected, torsion can:
PCs 7 1. be non-existing (=symmetric slabs on both
42
PCs 7 UP
sides of the beam)
PCs 10 2. be reduced (=asymmetric setup of slabs in the
85
PCs 10 UP beam’s sides)
3. remain (= there are no slabs on the other side
PCs 15 122 of the beam = an edge beam)

The largest torsion during erection time has to be

Moment caused by the torsion of the beam
The torsion of the beam Td causes the moment Myd
to the column. The value of the moment: Myd = Td.
It can never be more than torsion capacity of the
corbel.
5.2.4 Torsion
PCs corbels are designed to transfer shear force
and torsion from steel and composite steel beam
to the column. The interaction of shear force and
torsion has to be checked according to figure 3 (p.
12). The interaction during erection and in the final
construction have to be checked.
Other things that have to be checked in addition to
the capacity of the corbel:
1. The capacity of the column against the bend-
ing moment caused by beam’s torsion
2. Does torsion cause too big deflection to the
column
3. The capacity of the beam against torsion
4. Does torsion cause too big rotation to the
beam
16
checked. Often this exists when the slabs are erect-
ed first only to the one side of the beam.
The interaction of torsion during erection Td,er and
support reaction during erection Vd,er has to be
checked according to figure 3 (p. 12).
Td,er = Fd,er,1 x e1 Td,er
Vd,er = Fd,er,1 + Fd,beam
Fd,er1
e1
Fd,er,1 = designed support reaction of the slabs’
own weight and live load during erection
on the end of the beam
e1 = eccentricity of the support reaction
(=the distance of the slabs’ support
reaction from the centre line of the corbel)
Fd,beam= designed support reaction of the beam’s
own weight
5.2.4.1.1 Example 1 (All examples are made with 5.2.4.2 Final construction
using safety factors according to Finnish national
building code: 0.9 or 1.2 for self-weights and 1.6 for Torsion present in the final construction is depend-
live loads) ent on the situation during the cast of the slabs’
joints and loads after the casting.
Longer slabs are erected first on the one side of the
beam, and beams are unsupported during erection. Torsion during joint casting can be eliminated by
supporting the beams during the operation.
gk,beam = 4 kN/m
2
/m 2 After casting the joints of slabs, the torsion to the
. 8 kN kN/m
=3 .5 corbel caused by the live loads depend on the co-
gk er = 0 operation of the beam and slabs. A good co-opera-
q k , 7000
tion can be achieved by reinforcing the joints. The
reinforcement has to be anchored both into the
beam and the join of slabs.

4000 8000 Td Td

Fd,er,1 = 7x0.5x8x0.5x(1.2x3.8+1.6x0.5) = 75.0 kN

e1 = 275 mm EDGE BEAM MIDDLE BEAM
Td,er = 75.0 x 0.275 = 20.6 kNm
Vd,er = 75.0 + 1.2x4x7x0.5 = 91.8 kN Bending or creeping of the slabs will not cause tor-
sion to the corbel because of the deformation ability
From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 5 is of the corbel connection.
suitable.
5.2.4.2.1 Beam and slabs with good co-operation
5.2.4.1.2 Example 2
When the reinforcement in the join is able to trans-
Shorter slabs are erected first on the one side fer tensile forces caused by torsion of live load,
of the beam, and beams are unsupported during torsion to the corbel doesn’t increase after casting
erection. the joints. The interaction of torsion in the end of
gk,beam = 4 kN/m the erection Td,er.final and designed support reaction
2
2
of the final construction Vd has to be checked. See
N/m /m example 3.
3 .8 k .5 kN
=
gk er = 0
q ,
7000

k Td,er.final = Fd,er.final,1 x e1 - Fd,er.final,2 x e2

Vd = Fd,1 + Fd,2 + Fd,beam

Td,er.final
4000 8000
Fd,er.final,2 Fd,er.final,1

Fd,er,1 = 7x0.5x4x0.5x(1.2x3.8+1.6x0.5) = 37.5 kN

e1 = 275 mm
Td,er = 37.5 x 0.275 = 10.3 kNm e2 e1
Vd,er = 37.5 + 1.2x4x7x0.5 = 54.3 kN
Fd,er,final,1 or 2 = designed support reaction of self-
From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 3 is weight of slabs on the end of the
suitable. beam
e1 or 2 = eccentricity of the support
If the capacity of the corbel is exceeded, it is pos- reaction
sible to: Fd,1 or 2 = designed support reaction of
the slabs on the end of the beam
• select bigger corbel with sufficient capacity of the final construction
• design the slabs’ erection order so that torsion Fd,beam = designed support reaction of the
will reduce (-> an erection plan for the slabs) self-weight of the beam
• support beams during the slabs’ erection
(-> a support plan for the beams)
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 PCs CORBEL
5.2.4.2.2 Beams and slabs with poor co-operation
The co-operation with the slabs and beams is poor,
when the reinforcement in the join is not able to
transfer the tensile force caused by torsion of live
load. First, the sum of torsion at the end of erection
Td,er.final and torsion of live load Td,add must be calcu-
lated. Then the interaction of the sum and designed
support reaction of the final construction Vd has to
be checked. See example 4.
Fd,er.final,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 = 63.8 kN
Fd,er.final,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 = 23.9 kN
e1 = e2 = 275 mm
Td,er.final = 63.8 x 0.275 – 23.9 x 0.275 = 11.0 kNm
Designed support reaction of the beam in the case
of torsion:
Vd = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x
2.5) + 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x (0.9 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x
2.5)+1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 223.9 kN

Td,er.final + Td,add = Fd,er.final,1 x e1 - Fd,er.final,2 x e2 + Fd,add,1 The biggest designed support reaction of the beam
x e1 - Fd,add,2 x e2 in final construction:
Vdmax = 7 x 0.5 x (8 x 0.5+4 x 0.5) x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x
Vd = Fd,1 + Fd,2 + Fd,beam 1.4+1.6 x 2.5) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 231.8 kN
Td,er.final
Td,add From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 5
is suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td,er.final to the
Fd,er.final,2 Fd,er.final,1
Fd,add,2 Fd,add,1 column.

5.2.4.2.4 Example 4. (Beam and slabs with poor co-

e2 e1 operation)

Fd,er.final,1 or 2 = designed support reaction of self-
weight of slabs on the end of the
beam
e1 or 2 = eccentricity of the support reaction
Fd, add,1 or 2 = designed support reaction of the
slabs of live load after erection on
the end of the beam
Fd,1 or 2 = designed support reaction of
the slabs on the end of the beam
of the final construction
Fd,beam = designed support reaction of the
In this case beams are not supported during erec-
tion. Torsion is caused by the length difference of
the slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected
so that the worst case will be checked. The same
safety factors are used when calculating designed
support reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live
load exists in the case of beam and slabs with poor
co-operation and that’s why live load is calculated
only on one side of the beam.
2
gk,beam = 4 kN/m /m 2

self-weight of the beam .8 kN N/m2

=3 .5 k
gk er = 0 kN/m2
5.2.4.2.3 Example 3. (Beam and slabs with good co- qk, = 1.4 kN/m
k
g1 = 2.5
operation) qk
7000

In this case beams are not supported during erec-

tion. Torsion is caused by the length difference of the
slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected so that
the worst case will be checked. The same safety 4000 8000
factors are used when calculating designed support
reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live load do
not exist in the case of beam and slabs with good Fd,er.final,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 = 63.8 kN
co-operation and that’s why live load is calculated Fd,er.final,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 = 23.9 kN
fully to both sides of the beam. e1 = e2 = 275 mm
Td,er.final = 63.8 x 0.275 – 23.9 x 0.275 = 11.0 kNm
2
2
gk,beam = 4 kN/m /m
.8 kN N/m2 After erection of slabs more support reactions will
k
=3 .5
gk er = 0 kN/m2 exist:
qk = 1 4 kN/m
, .
k
g1 = 2.5 Fd,add,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x 2.5)
qk
7000

= 79.5 kN
Fd,add,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 1.4 = 8.8 kN
Td.add = 79.5 x 0.275-8.8 x 0.275 = 19.4 kNm

18 4000 8000 Total torsion: Td = Td,er.final + Td,add = 30.4 kNm

Designed support reaction of the beam in the case Figure 5. Dimensions needed for manufacturing of
of total torsion: LOCK-corbel. Length of the thread is 100 mm. Length L
is given in the product code.
Vd = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x
2.5)+7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x (0.9 x 3.8+0.9 x 1.4)+1.2 x H6

100
4 x 7 x 0.5 = 193.0 kN

The biggest designed support reaction of the

L=
beam in final construction:
Vdmax = 7 x 0.5 x (8 x 0.5+4 x 0.5) x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x
1.4+1.6 x 2.5) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 231.8 kN

From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 7 is

suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td to the column.

5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and

things to be marked on drawings Thread bars have to be long enough so that nuts
can be tightened all the way to the thread.
Things to be marked on the drawing of the column:
• The size class of the corbel The use of LOCK-corbel will not affect the needed
• Thread bar’s length when using LOCK-model reinforcement presented in figures 6 - 10.
(also in the product code)
• The horizontal location of the corbel in relation
to the centerline of the column
• The height level of the parts from the bottom of
the column (the under side of the column part
plate and the under side of the corbel plate)
• The additional reinforcement of the column

Figure 4. Things to be marked on the drawing. Required additional reinforcement and also location of corbel in all direc-
tions has to be shown in the drawing.
MEASUREMENTS NEEDED AT FACTORY: TO BE MARKED TO THE ELEMENT DRAWING:
When installing When installing corbel
column parts parts after casting product code
before casting e.g. PCs 3 UP
column part’s plates’s bottom edge

column part’s plate’s bottom edge

corbel plate’s bottom edge

e.g.
PCs 3
corbel plate’s bottom edge

A
L=
corbel plates’s b.e.
column part’s plates’s b.e.
column part’s plates’s b.e.

corbel plate’s b.e.

19
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 PCs CORBEL
Figures 6a - 6e. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel’s basic model
Figure 6a. PCs 2 and PCs 3 Figure 6b. PCs 5

3 2T10

100
3 2T10
100 PCs 2 PCs 5

75
PCs 3 1 2T10
75

1 2T10
2 3T10
2 2T10
1 2T10 1 2T10

55
PCs 2 27,5

75
PCs 3 40
75

3 B-50
3 B-50
210

3 2T10

230
3 2T10
B-50 B-50
.
100

100
1 1
B-90 B-110
100

100
2

4T 10, L1400 B 4T 10, L1500

B
D-80 3
D-80 3
1
100

100

1
D-120
D-130
100

2
100

4T 10, L1400 D D
4T 10, L1500

T = A500HW T = A500HW

Figure 6c. PCs 7 Figure 6d. PCs 10

3 3T10
140

3 3T10
140

PCs 7 PCs 10
75
75

1 2T10 1 2T10

2 3+3T10 2 4+4T10

1 2T10 1 2T10
62

50
75

75

3 B-50 B-50
3
3T10
320

320

3
3 3T10

B-50
B-50
160

1
150

B-110 B-110
100
100

2 2

6 T10, L1500 B 6 T10, L1500 B

D-60 3 3
D-60
150

1
160

1
D-160
100

2 D-160
100

2
D
6 T10, L1500 D
6 T10, L1500
T = A500HW
T = A500HW
20
Figure 6e. PCs 15

3 3T10
PCs 15
140
75

1 2T10

2 5+5T10

1 4T10
58
140

3 B-50 3 3T10
350

1 B-50
230

2 B-160
100

B
3

1
D-60
230

2 D-230
100

6 T10 L1500 In the figure is PCs 5 -corbel with required additional

D
reinforcement and imagined main reinforcement of the
T = A500HW column.

21
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 PCs CORBEL
Figures 7a - 7e. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel’s double-sided basic model
Figure 7a. PCs 2-2 and PCs 3-2 Figure 7b. PCs 5-2

PCs 5-2
PCs 2-2

100
1 2T10
1 2T10
PCs 3-2
100

55
PCs 3 40
27,5

1 2T10
1 2T10
PCs 2

B-50 B-50
1 1
210

230

B B

T = A500HW T = A500HW

Figure 7c. PCs 7-2 Figure 7d. PCs 10-2

1 3T10
140

1 3T10
140

PCs 10-2
PCs 7-2
50
62

1 3T10
1 3T10

1 B-50
1 B-50
320
320

T = A500HW B B
T = A500HW

22
Figure 7e. PCs 15-2

3 3T10
PCs 15-2
140

1 4T10

2 3T10
140

58

3 3T10
1 B-160
230

2 1
2 B-50
230

In the figure is PCs 5-2

3
3 B-50 with required additional re-
inforcement and imagined
350

main reinforcement of the

B column.

23
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 PCs CORBEL
Figures 8a - 8d. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel’s UP model
Figure 8a. PCs 2 UP and PCs 3 UP Figure 8b. PCs 5 UP

PCs 2 UP
PCs 5 UP
PCs 3 UP 1

75
1
horizontal part
horizontal part
of the stirrup

min 415
of the stirrup
75

min 335
2 2T10 2 3T10

3 2T10 3 2T10
PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

55
75

75
4 2T10 2T10
4

2 3
2 3
100

100

210
190

4 1 4
1
210

500
230
B 6T 10
500

6T 10 B
2 3 4
100

100
190

210
2 3
1
4
D 1
6T 10 T = A500HW D
500

500
6T 10
T = A500HW

Figure 8c. PCs 7 UP Figure 8d. PCs 10 UP

PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
1 1
75
75

horizontal part horizontal part

of the stirrup of the stirrup
min 450

min 480

2 3T10 2 4T10

3 3T10
3 3T10
62

50
75

75

4 3T10 4 3T10

2 3 2 3
150

160
280

300

4
4
800

1 1
320

600

320

B 8T 12 B 6T 16

2 3 2 3
160
150

280

300

800

1
600

4 1
4
D 8T 12 6T 16
D

T = A500HW T = A500HW
24
Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel’s double-sided UP model
Figure 9a. PCs 2-2 UP and PCs 3-2 UP Figure 9b. PCs 5-2 UP

PCs 2-2 UP PCs 5-2 UP

PCs 3-2 UP

415
1 3T10

min 335

min
1 2T10

2 2T10
2 2T10

55
75
75

3 2T10
PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

3 2T10

100 1 2

1 2
100

230

B
210

3
B
3

T = A500HW
T = A500HW

Figure 9c. PCs 7-2 UP Figure 9d. PCs 10-2 UP

PCs 7-2 UP PCs 10-2 UP

min 450

1 3T10
min 480

1 4T10

2 3T10
2 3T10
62

50
75

75

3 3T10
3 3T10

1 2
1 2
150

160

3
320

B
B
320

T = A500HW T = A500HW
25
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 PCs CORBEL
The horizontal headed stud bars of the single sided
column part create a fracture cone which has to be
tied to the column with additional stirrups according
figures 6 and 8. These stirrups can not be replaced
with stirrups that are around the main reinforce-
ment of the column and vice versa.
The additional stirrups for vertical headed stud bars
are placed to the bending area of the upper headed
studs and just below headed studs of the lower
headed stud bars.
The main stirrups which surround the main reinforce-
ment of the column are placed under and above the
plate of the column part. Diagonal stirrups are used
when needed at the level of the column part plate.
When there are two single sided corbels at the
same level on opposite sides of the column there is
no need to double the additional stirrups.
26
The additional reinforcement for double sided cor-
bels are presented in figures 7 and 9.
Things to be marked on the drawing of the wall:
• The size class of the corbel
• Thread bar’s length when using LOCK-model
(also in the product code)
• The horizontal location of the corbel
• The level of the parts from the bottom of the
wall (the under side of the column part plate
and the under side of the corbel plate)
• The additional reinforcement of the wall
Design engineer has to check the capacity of the
wall.
Figures 10a - 10d. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel when used in a wall.
Figure 10a. PCs 2 and PCs 3 Figure 10b. PCs 5

3 2T10
3
A A A A
2T10

75 100
100

PCs 5
PCs 2
75

1 3T10
1 3T10 PCs 3
B B 1 2T10 B B
1 2T10

1T10
2 2 1T10
2T10
2 2 2T10
PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

55
75

75
T = A500HW
T = A500HW
2T10 3 2T10
3
400

3
400

400
2
400

3 2
1

1
400

3
400

400

400
3

A-A B-B A-A B-B

Figure 10c. PCs 7 Figure 10d. PCs 10

3T10 3T12 A A
3 A A 3
75 140

PCs 7 PCs 10
75
140

1 3T10 1 3T12
1 3T10 B B 1 3T12
B B

2 1T10
2 2T12
2 2T10
2
2T12
62,5
75

50
75

3 3T10 T = A500HW T = A500HW

3 3T12
2+2T12, L1400
400

2+2T12, L1400
400

400
400

3 2
3 2

3
1
400

400

400

400

3
A-A B-B
A-A B-B
27
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 PCs CORBEL
Things to be marked on the drawing of the steel or Table 15. The horizontal forces in the end plate with full
composite beam: torsion capacity. If torsion is smaller, the forces can be
• The connection detail and the size class of the reduced with the relation of torsions. The torsion capac-
corbel ity is same with PCs UP-models.
• The location of the slot in relation to the center
line of the beam
• The level of the under side of the corbel in rela- Fd
tion to the under side of the slabs
Fd
The length of the beam is chosen so that the space
between the beam’s closest point and surface of Fd [kN]
rectangular column is 20 mm according to figure 11.
Then the tolerance for the beam length is +20 and PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP 70
-14 mm in the connection. PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP 110

The tolerance of the beam length is smaller with PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP 145
connection to circle column. The length of the beam PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP 265
is chosen so that the space between the beam’s
PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP 610
closest point and surface of circle column is 10 mm.
Then the tolerance for the beam length is ±10 mm PCs 15 1000
in the connection.

The designer of the Deltabeam will take care of the The end plate and all welds in WQ-beam must be
dimensioning and the shape of the end plate of the designed for the full capacity values of the PCs
beam. The Deltabeam designer has to be informed –corbel system.
about the level of the corbel in relation to under side
of slabs. Figure 12. The level of the corbel plate with narrow beams.
UNDER SIDE OF THE CORBEL
The manufacturer of a WQ beam has to design the = UNDER SIDE OF THE SLAB
end plate of the WQ beam to fit. The dimensions
of the end plate are presented in table 7 (p. 10).
Horizontal forces are caused to the end plate by
torsion.

Figure 11. Beam connection to column

JOINT IS GROUTED AT THE SAME

TIME WITH THE JOINS OF SLABS JOINT IS GROUTED AT THE
SAME TIME WITH THE JOINS
B B OF SLABS

20 20
10 TIGHTENED
BOLTS
TIGHTENED BOLTS

28
With narrow beams it is recommended to put the
under side of the corbel on the same level as the
under side of the slab.
The under side of the corbel must be on a higher
level with deep beams so that the centre of gravity
of the beam is lower than the top side of the corbel.
The level of the under side of the corbel must be
marked on the drawing of the beam.
5.2.6 Fire protection and
environmental classes
The capacities of the joint where the under side of
the corbel is without concrete cover and fire protec-
tion are shown in table 16. It is assumed that 50 %
of the load in fire situation is live load. The designer
must check that the design load in fire situation is
not more than the capacities.
The interaction of torsion and shear force has to be
checked according to formula:
6. INSTALLATION
6.1 Installation to the mould
The parts are installed into the reinforcement in the
mould so that they will not be able to move during
casting.
The PCs column part is symmetrical so it can be in-
stalled in both ways with the saw teeth against the
mould. The column part of PCs UP is not symmetric
and it must be installed so that long ribbed bars are
towards column’s lower end. Saw teeth have to be
protected against the grouting mortar.
The column part is installed so that its ribbed bars
will be inside the main stirrups of the column.
The column part can be attached to the mould with
bolts. It can also be tied to the main reinforcement
of the column.

VT, TT =corbel’s shear force and 6.2 Installation of the cor-

VT TT ≤1 torsion in fire situation
+
VRdT TRdT VRdT, TRdT =corbel’s shear and tor-
sion capacity in fire situation
When longer fire resistance is needed it is recom-
mended to lift the corbel up higher than the level of
the slabs if the beam is thick enough. Then the con-
crete cover will act as fire protection. Peikko’s tech-
nical support gives advice about lifting the corbel.
Requirement of environment (corrosion) has to
be taken care of according to requirements in
Eurocodes.
bel parts and installation
tolerances
The saw teeth protector is removed and the saw
teeth are checked that they are clean and undam-
aged before installing the corbel parts.
The corbel plate is installed in the proper location
tightly with the saw teeth of the column part as
seen in picture 13 (p.30). A large washer with oval
holes is installed symmetrically to the corbel part.

Table 16. Capacities of the connection after 60 and 90 minutes in fire. PCs UP has the same capacities.
PCs 2 PCs 3 PCs 5 PCs 7 PCs 10
PCs 15
PCs 2 UP PCs 3 UP PCs 5 UP PCs 7 UP PCs 10 UP
according to EC (without NAD)
RE 60 VRT [kN] 225 385 475 685 1010 1500
TRT [kNm] 5 10 20 40 60 190
RE 90 VRT [kN] 145 245 295 420 800 926
TRT [kNm] 3 8 13 25 40 110

29
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 PCs CORBEL
The bolts are tightened at least to the minimum val-
ues shown in table 17. The gap between the corbel
and the column part disappears when the bolts are
tightened properly.
The corbel plate can be moved to the right location
by opening the bolts a little. Installation tolerances
of the corbel plate are ±12 mm in both horizontal
and vertical direction. When the corbel is correctly
positioned the bolts must be retightened according
to table 17.
Table 17. Minimum torque for the bolts. Values are the
same with all models.
6.3 Beam installation and
installation tolerances
The installation of the beam must be done accord-
ing to the erection plan.
The beam can be erected when the corbel is in-
stalled to proper location according to chapter 6.2.
LOCK-corbel parts have washers and nuts that need
to be removed before installation of the beam.
The beam is installed to the corbel by lowering the
beam on the corbel so that the corbel goes into the
slot of the beam’s end plate.

thread of torque When using LOCK-corbel, the vertical thread bars

the bolt [Nm] should fit through holes made for the LOCK-corbel
[mm] in the beam’s top plate. Thread bars have to be long
PCs 2 M16 24 40
enough so that washers and nuts removed before
installation can be put back and tightened properly
PCs 3 M24 36 130 after the beam is installed.

PCs 5 M30 46 220 Installation tolerances are +20 and -14 mm for the
PCs 7 M30 46 220 beam length when column is rectangular. In the
case of circular column installation tolerances of the
PCs 10 M30 46 220 beam length depend on the radius of the column
but value ±10mm covers most of the cases.
PCs 15 M30 46 220

Figure 13. Installation of the corbel parts

30
The beam must be supported when:
• The interaction of shear load and torsion is
over the interaction capacities
• Too large bending is caused to the column by
torsion
• The beam, the column or the connection is not
designed against torsion
• The rotation of the beam is too big
6.4 Grouting of the joint
The whole height of the joint between the column,
the beam and the space around the corbel parts is
grouted at the same time as the joints of the slabs.
7. INSTALLATION
CONTROL
7.1 Mould installation
control of the parts
Check list before casting the column:
• Proper location of the column part
• Proper position of the column part compared
to the axis of the column
• Proper attachment of the column part in the mould
• Amount and position of the additional
reinforcement
• Proper protection of the saw teeth against
grouting mortar
Check list before welding the beam end plate:
• Size and the position of the bottom plate slot
• Size and the position of the end plate slot
• Position of the end plate compared to the bot-
tom plate slot
• Perpendicularity of the end plate to the bottom plate
7.2 Installation control of
the corbel parts
Check list before installing the corbel parts:
• The protection of the teeth is taken away
• The saw teeth are undamaged and clean
• The correct location of the corbel parts
• Bolts are tightened according to the torque pre-
sented in table 17
• There is no emty space between teeth
7.3 Installation control of
the beam
Check list before erecting the beam:
• There is no empty space between teeth
• Bolts are tightened according to the torque
presented in table 17
• Erection plan of the slabs is obeyed
• Erection plan of the beam is obeyed
8. PROCEDURES IF
TOLERANCES ARE
EXCEEDED
When the beam isn’t long enough it is possible to
manufacture an extra long corbel. This reduces the
capacities of the connection. The capacity must be
checked individually.
When the corbel is at too low level it is possible to:
• Manufacture an extra high corbel. This reduces
the torsion capacity of the connection and the
beam must be supported when erecting the
slabs. If the under side of the extra high corbel
is on a lower level than the under side of the
beam, the corbel must be protected against
fire.
• Weld a standard corbel to the right position on
to the column plate. This reduces the capaci-
ties (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is at too high level it is possible to:
• Make the beam end plate slot higher. This
reduces the capacities of the connection if
the end plate is not high enough. The reduced
capacity must be checked individually.
• Weld a standard corbel to the right position
on the column plate. This reduces the capaci-
ties (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is off centre it is possible to:
• Make the beam end plate slot wider. This
reduces the capacities of the connection in
some cases. The beam must be supported
when erecting the slabs. Wedge plates must
be placed between the corbel and the end
plate after erecting the beam.
• Weld a standard corbel to the right position
on the column plate. This reduces the capaci-
ties (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
reduced capacity must be checked individually.
When the beam is squint it is possible to cut the
beam end plate slot wider. The beam must be sup-
ported during erecting the elements. Wedges must
be placed between the corbel and the end plate
when needed.
31
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Peikko Group • www.peikko.com