BEHAVIOUR OF VOTERS IN ELECTORAL DISTRICT HEAD REJANG
LEBONG 2015 IN DISTRICT CURUP KELURAHAN AIR RAMBAI DAN
TALANG BENIH
BY :
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
Department of Public Administration Fisipol Universitas Bengkulu
Preliminary
Countries with democracy as a
system of government gives freedom
to the people in choosing a leader
who wants. The elections are the
means in a democracy in conducting
leadership baton. Through elections
can be a tangible manifestation of the
people's participation in the life of
the state, especially to get leaders
and their representatives who will
fight for the interests of the people.
The participation in the study of
politics thus referred to as political
participation.
In the elections in the form of
political participation of society are
given voting rights (voting). Results
of voting will determine the winning
defeat of political parties in the
election, whether or not the candidate
sits DPR, DPD and DPRD, whether
or not popularly elected President
and Vice President, as well as the
Regional Head and Deputy Regional
Head. The issue of who the winner in
this election depends on how
candidates affects people's choice.
Before people leave the voting
rights, of course many references
related track record owned by the
candidate. Thus references are strong
factors to be taken into consideration
in the settled community. Ideally
candidates should conduct political
socialization in an effort to foster
political awareness of society.
Political Socialization is the process
of forming attitudes and political
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
orientation of the community
members (Surbakti, 2007), this
process will affect voter behavior.
The tendency for voter choice in
selecting candidates is certainly
influenced by many factors. There
are three approaches that influence
the voter's choice: first, the
sociological approach emphasizes
the selection is based on sociological
background such as education,
religion, ethnicity, occupation,
family, gender, age and others.
second, the psychological approach
emphasizes the psychological aspects
eg emotional ties with political
parties, orientation to the issues, as
well as the orientation tehadap
candidates, and the third, a rational
approach emphasizes the calculation
of profit and loss.
A growing phenomenon lately is
where the transactional money
politics in the purchase of voter
tendencies of political money that are
in the third approach is a rational
approach, in which voters will
choose if there is an advantage for
them. However, it is possible there
voters who thought that "take the
money do not choose the one",
departing from this phenomenon is
interesting to observe every election.
From previous research money
politics are not dominating people's
choice in the election. Money politics
is often referred to as the purchase of
the right to vote, to give some money
to voters in exchange for voting
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rights. Society assumes that the
winning candidate in the election a
person must be able to give money to
voters to vote for that candidate. This
phenomenon often happens in the
election, the results of research
conducted Nora Silvia Gustriani in
the Village of Anggut bawah Distric
Ratu Samban of the city of Bengkulu
on "Voter Behavior In the General
Election of Regional Head of
Bengkulu City" in 2012. Finding that
there is activity in money politics,
but the final conclusion money
politics is not a major factor in
people's choice.
Elections regional level is the
Regional Head Election (Election).
Pemilukada a community tool
determines the regional leader. In the
reform era in Indonesia has executed
three times the local elections. As
with other areas of Rejang Lebong
also experienced a change of the
head region. Rejang Lebong is one of
the districts in the province of
Bengkulu, divided into 16 districts.
On 09 December 2015 the election
dilaksakannya serantak including
Rejang Lebong, followed by seven
regional head candidates. Regent's
seventh candidate pairs including
pair number 1 Fatrolazi, SE and Dra.
Hj. Nurul Khairiyah, number 2 H.
John Feriyanto, S. Sos, MM and
Bambang Aryanto, AP.MM, number
3 Drs. Syamsul Effendi, MM and
Adnan, S. Sos, number 4 Ir. Alrullah
Jambak, MM and Heri Purwanto,
SH, number 5 and Joni Chan Anon,
number 6 Tugiman, ST. M.Pd and
Drs. Sudirman, and Serial Number 7
Dr. HC. H. Ahmad Hijazi, SH. M.Si
and Bastari Iqbal, S. Pd, MM.
Of the seven pairs of candidates
Regent and Vice Regent of Rejang
Lebong, of course, have a favorable
track record of each candidate pair.
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
Interestingly in the general election
of regional heads Rejang Lebong
was won pair number 7 is a pair Dr.
HC. H. Ahmad Hijazi, SH. M.Si and
Bastari Iqbal, S. Pd, MM with a
percentage of 28.4 percent, with
turnout 37 954 votes, while the
second is diurutan pair number 1
Fatrolazi, SE and Dra. Hj. Nurul
Khairiyah with a percentage of 25.12
with the acquisition of as many as 33
567 voice sound, then the third
position was won by the pair number
3 Drs. Syamsul Effendi, MM and
Adnan, S.Sos with a percentage of
19.8 percent with a total of 26 457
voice sound.
With the majority of the ethnic /
tribal in Rejang Lebong regency is
Ethnic / Rejang be won by the pair
number 7 are both not Ethnicity
Rejang. Dr. HC. H. Ahmad Hijazi,
SH. M.Si are ethnic / tribal Lembak
and served as Regent of Rejang
Lebong in 2005, while his deputy
Bastari Iqbal, S. Pd, MM ethnic
Javanese and former Head of Social
Service of Bengkulu Province.
Ahmad Hijazi is not used as a
political party boat in the nomination
this time, the pair through
independent channels.
When we see the pair number 1
is Fatrolazi, SE served as the
Provincial Parliament for one term
and into Parliament Rejang Lebong
for two periods, while the Dra. Hj.
Nurul Khairiyah was a religious
teacher and a preacher. Viewed from
an original etni Fatrollazi ethnic /
tribal Rejang, more profitable pair
number 1 is carried by the
Indonesian Democratic Party of
Struggle (PDIP). Previous strong
suspicion of political parties will
greatly influence the behavior of
voters in Rejang Lebong this. In
connection with the election Rejang
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Lebong, then the dominant factors
affecting voter behavior to make his
choice.
Based on the issues raised by the
researchers, the aim of this study was
to determine the reasons underlying
any voter to make his choice in the
election Rejang Lebong 2015.
literature review
Elections of regional heads
Joko J Prihantoro (in Adhani,
2009: 17) states that the Regional
Head Election is a political
recruitment is the selection of the
people against the leaders who ran
for local office, neither the Governor
/ Deputy Governor and Regent / Vice
Regent or Mayor / Deputy Mayor.
It can be concluded that the
Election is the instrument or the
media to political recruitment.
Political recruitment in question is
the selection of the people to the
positions of Regional Head and
Deputy Regional Head.
Political participation
Ramlan Surbakti (2007) is the
activity of ordinary citizens to
influence the process of making and
implementation of public policy and
in determining government leaders.
In line with the opinion of Miriam
Budiardjo (1982) that political
participation is the activity of a
person or group of people to
participate actively in political life,
namely by choosing the country's
leaders and directly or indirectly
influencing government policy
(Public Policy).
Activity vote in the election and the
election falls within the scope of
political participation. In a general
sense the high participation shows
that there is a desire to engage in
such activities. In providing voting
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
rights (voting), voters certainly do
not exist any strong considerations in
determining the choice. It concerns
the interests of the voters who want
to obtain both the interests of short
term, medium term and long term.
Voter behavior
According to Muhammad
Asfar (Fera Hariani Nasution, 2012)
there are three approaches are used to
analyze the voting behavior of the
approach of sociological,
psychological and rational. Each of
the three approaches has its own
shortcomings. Therefore, in this
study, researchers combined these
three approaches to explain voting
behavior.
The sociological approach in
selecting behavior states that the
factors that most affect people's
choice in the election are the
characteristics and social groupings.
Someone voter behavior with regard
to the social group of which the
individual is derived (Roth in Dwita
Kadek Apriani, 2012). That means
social characteristics determine a
person's political leanings. Social
grouping is meant here is the age,
gender, religion, occupation,
socioeconomic class, regional,
family background, activities in
groups of formal and informal.
Psychological approach focuses on
three main psychological aspect as
the main study that emotional
attachment to a political party, the
orientation of the issues and the
orientation of the candidate. For
example, if a person has a tendency
to identify with the Democratic
Party, and then lured the issues and
candidates, the election will vote for
the party.
Rational choice approach saw
activity pick as product profit and
3
loss calculations. Which is
considered not only the "cost"
choose and the possibility of voice
can affect the expected results, but
also the difference of the alternative
form of options available (Ramlan
Surbakti, 2007).
Research methods
Types of research
This study is field research by
combining the two approaches,
qualitative and quantitative simple.
Where data is presented in the form
of descriptive statistics associated
with the collection of data from
respondents to a deep reasons or
phenomena, properties and events
that occur in the field according to
their relevance to the theme of the
research. Therefore, in addition to
the process of extracting data using a
questionnaire or questionnaires, the
researchers also studied the data by
conducting in-depth interviews.
Research sites
This research was conducted in
two urban village in the District
Curup in Rejang Lebong, namely Air
Rambai Village and Village Talang
Benih. Village Air Rambai selected
based on how many middle to upper
group especially those who are
educated and Village Talang Benih
because there are many gathered two
large ethnic Javanese and Rejang.
Research variable
The research variables, only
one variable is the behavior of
voters, while the dimensions are the
Research result
In connection with the presentation of research data, it should be mentioned
that each approach to choose the number of different questions. Questions on the
sociological approach has 9 item in question, the psychological approach has four
items of questions, and question the rational has 6 item in question. Here is an
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
dimensions that will be viewed from
the aspect of voter behavior-
sisiologis, psychological and rational
choice.
Population
The population in this study are
Rejang Lebong regency society who
have the right to vote who were aged
17 years or married. Here the
population of voters list Rejang
Lebong.
Sampel
Based on the final voters list
(DPT in Sub Curup many as 19 864
voters. The sample in this study were
drawn from the second village in the
district Curup namely Air Rambai
Village and Village Talang Benih.
In sampling the researcher used
purposive random sampling. It
means that these samples are those
who are registered as voters remain,
then randomly drawn sample. In
determining the sample size, based
on the opinion Slovin (in Umar
2002) with the formula:
N
n =1 + N (e)2
Information :
N : Total Population
n : Sampel
e : The sampling error
rate of 10% and
90% confidence
level of data
Thus the number of samples
obtained 100. Based on this formula
researchers assigned 100 people per
village.
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 overview of the approaches of voting behavior (choose) can be seen in the table
below.
Dimension Indicator
Sociological approach Age of candidates, the gender of candidates
/ candidates, religious candidates,
consideration of family, friendship with
team success, education level candidates for
regional head and deputy head of the
region, social class (rich / poor)
Psychological approaches The socialization process of the candidates,
the emotional ties to political parties or
candidates, orientation to the issues, and the
orientation of the candidates.
Rational approach Political issues submitted candidates,
programs offered, program cost-benefit
considerations, the track record of the
candidate, position, vision and mission of
the party.
The question items can be found in appendix questionnaires / questionnaire.

The tendency of voter behavior in terms of perspective or sociological

approach
1) Village Air Rambai
Based on the ninth item in question is known that the average response to all
the questions on voters by sociological considerations of 55.1% while 44.9% do
not berdaasarkan on these considerations.

Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Sociological Approach

in the Village Air Rambai
Alternative Sociological Total %
answer
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % 9 %

55.1%
Yes 43 61 93 38 52 66 59 41 63 496
44.9%
No 57 39 7 62 48 34 41 59 37 404

More 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 900 100%

Source: primary data Olah 2016

2) Village Talang Benih

Based on the ninth item in question is known that the average response to all
questions on the judgments based on those voters sociological view of 56.7%
while 43.3% are not based on these considerations.

Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 5

 Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Sociological Approach
in the Village Talang Benih
Alternative Sociological Total %
answer
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % 9 %
39 55 89 35 75 71 32 38 76 510 56.7
%
Yes
61 45 11 65 25 29 68 62 24 390 43.3
%
No
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
More

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 900 100
%

Source: primary data Olah 2016

The tendency of voters viewed from the perspective of behavior or

psychological approach
1) Village Air Rambai
Based on the fourth item that question in mind that the average response to
all questions on the consideration of voters based on the psychological outlook
and by 59.25% and 40.75%.
Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Psychological Approach
in the Village Air Rambai
Alternative Psychological TOTAL %
answer 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 %
61 73 46 57 237 59,25%
Yes
29 27 54 43 163 40,75%
No
More 0 0 0 0 0 0%

TOTAL 100 100 100 100 400 100%

Source: primary data Olah 2016

2) Village Talang Benih

Based on the fourth item that question in mind that the average response to
all questions on the consideration of voters based on the psychological outlook of
64.5% and 35.5% are not based on these considerations.
Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Psychological Approach
in the Village Talang Benih
Alternative Psychological TOTAL %
Answer 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 %
Yes 68 71 49 70 258 64,5%
No 32 29 51 30 142 35,5%
More 0 0 0 0 0 0%
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 400 100%
Source: primary data Olah 2016

Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 6

 The tendency of voter behavior in terms of perspective or a rational
approach
1) Village Air Rambai
Based on the sixth item of the question in mind that the average response to
all questions on the consideration of voters based on a rational view of 58.7% and
41.3% are not based on these considerations.
Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Rational Approach in
the Village Air Rambai
Alternative Rational Total Persentase
Answer
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 %
Yes 72 77 39 60 58 46 352 58,7%
No 28 23 61 40 42 54 248 41,3%
More 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 100%
Source: primary data Olah 2016

2) Village Talang Benih

Based on the sixth item of the question in mind that the average response to all
questions on the consideration of voters based on a rational view of 56.5% and 43.5%
are not based on these considerations.
Respondents answer Recapitulation Based Rational Approach in
the Village Talang Benih
Alternative Rational Total Persentase
Answer
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 %

Yes 38 81 53 49 70 48 339 56,5%

No 62 19 47 51 30 52 261 43,5%

More 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 100%

Source: primary data Olah 2016

Voter Behavior Based tendency sociodemographic characteristics

As stated in the sub-informant characteristic that the data analyzed are from
sociodemographic education and occupation / profession. propensity voter
behavior based on sociodemographic characteristics is discussed first seen in the
next two Village area totaled in keselurhan remedy look at the trends in Sub
Curup.
Based on the results if the data on the distribution of voter behavior based on
the level of education in the District Curup can be seen in the chart below.

Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 7

 Distribution of Voter Behavior According to Education
in the District Curup

0
Yes No

Sociological 42.5 % 57.5 %

Psychological 45.5 % 54.5 %

Rational 53.5 % 46.5 %

Source: primary data Olah 2016

Based on the chart above, we can see together that the voting behavior based
on the level of education in the District Curup almost equal although the
percentage is more likely not to base his choice based on the consideration
sociological, psychological, and rational, it can be seen in the percentage of voter
behavior in the District Curup consecutive secar co-ie, 57.50%, 54.50 5 46.50%.
As for the tendency of behavior based on consideration sociological,
psychological and rational it can be seen in the percentage of voter behavior in the
District Curup consecutive ie, 42.50%, 45.50%, 53.50%.
Very positive behavioral tendency shown in pandanga rational amounted
53,50% of voters based on the level of education in the District Curup basing his
choice on rational considerations, while on irrational considerations ranging from
46.50%. Under these conditions, it can be concluded that the more educated
voters so their tendency to be intelligent voters will be higher.
Furthermore, based on the results if the data on the distribution of voter
behavior based profession / occupation in the District Curup can be seen in garafi
below.

Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 8

 Distribution of Voter Behavior Based Profession
in the District Curup

0
Yes No

Sociological 43 % 57 %

Psychological 45.5 % 54.5 %

Rational 54 % 46%

Sumber : Olah data primer 2016

From the above chart we can see together, that by Profession / Work in
District Curup almost the same levels of education, which is almost equal,
although the percentage is more likely not to base his choice based on
considerations sosilogi, psychology and rational.
This can be seen in the percentage of voter behavior in the District Curup
consecutive ie, 57%, 54.50%, 46%. As for the trend of behavior based on
consideration sociological, psychological, and rational it may didlihat the
percentage of voter behavior in the District Curup consecutive ie, 43%, 55.50%
and 54%.
The trend of positive behavior are also indicated on the rational view of 54%
of voters in the district by profession Curup basing his choice on rational
considerations, while on irrational considerations ranging from 46%.
Under these conditions can be drawn a conclusion that the people in the District
Curup have been included in the category of smart. Despite the rational choice is
greater than other approaches, but this does not indicate the dominance of the
behavior of other voters. This is caused by many influences caused by Trends
their black campaign or a negative campaign, sihingga people at the locus of such
research become giddy related issues as well as the vision and mission submitted
by the candidate. In addition, the media as a force political superstructure be not
objective and this affects the behavior of voters in the 2015 election.
Of course, the foregoing should be underlined both by the organizers of the
election (KPU and Bawaslu) and practitioners of politics (parties and candidates)
should promote good political education. Not only oriented to the power struggles
that put various things and in any way undermine the democratic quality.

Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 9

 Conclusion
Based on the results of the study
titled "PerilakuPemilih In the
General Election of Regional Head
Rejang Lebong 2015 in District
Curup Village Air Rambai and
Talang Benih" shows that:
1) First propensity voter behavior
on the sociological approach is
only 42.75%, while for the
psychological approach
amounted to 45.50%.
Furthermore, for a rational
approach amounted to 53.75%.
2) Although the rational approach
is superior but the option is
included voters express choice
as it gets tribute in the form of
goods or money, with the
percentage of yes by 46% and
the percentage of 54% did not
answer.
Suggestion
Departing from the issue /
problem formulated in question
shows that the three views / approach
theoretically good sociological,
psychological and rational, there is
no single approach that is so
dominant.
Therefore, there are some
suggestions that may be proposed by
the researchers, is as follows:
1) For the political parties
should conduct political
education to the
community as well voter
premises nmengedepankan
issues, a program
promoted by the party and
recruiting cadres are good.
2) For the organizers of the
election are expected to be
able to disseminate to the
public the election of
qualified and able to crack
down firmly when there
kecuranagan. Especially
Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc
tightened supervision
related to pragmatism
(giving tribute)
coordinates to law
enforcement.
3) For the people themselves
as voters, it is expected
that a higher priority for
the selection of candidates
on the issue and presented
their program, not only on
short-term profit which
would be detrimental to
the future of society itself.
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Drs. Mirza, M.Soc, Sc 11