Evolution and Biodiversity Notes,

The first question… WHAT THE FUCK IS EVOLUTION??? Does it even lift??
Biological evolution – change if genetic properties of groups of organizms

Its genetic change over time.

This can cause phenotype changes (pepper moth on a tree example) #youknowit

This is why it lifts. Ask these questions to yourself

Why do whales have lungs? why cant snakes walk?

Why do salamanders have 10 times more DNA than humans? Hmm????

WHY THE FUCK ARE THERE SO MANY SPECIES OF BEETLES (not the band)

How does bacteria, viruses and parasites evolve resistance from medicine?

How do insects become resistant to pestecides.

FOUR THINGS THAT ARE WRONG ABOUT EVOLUTION… DON’T REPEAT THEM EVER.

Evolution and Natural Selection are the same thing.

Natural selection is ONE possible thing that happenes. Evolution simply means genetic
change through time.

Individual organisms undergo biological evolution

Evidence for evolution is limited, it is only an unsubstaintaed theory

Ok, evolution occurs within species, but it cannot explain the orgin of the new species.

Antibiotics resistance, stuff evolves son! Aint not no gonna have cures forever!
There aren’t any intermediate form between major groups.

HE SAID LORD OF THE RINGS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Wtf am I looking at…. A giant dinosaur chicken feather-manbearpig

EVERYTHING HAS FEATHERS!!!!!

Tip *do not stand in front of a particle excelerator*

Teh_Hiztorey!

Before Darwin (that bitch)

Playdoh and Aristotle

Concept of an idea or essence called eidos

“Some form of abstract…..chairness …..” My professor when explaining about this archetypal
essence of an ideal form – called essentialism

THIS IS THE PRE DARWIN VIEW = variation of this perfect form

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antonine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (he is French as fuck)

This frenchie developed theories of phenotypic evolution of speciation

Traits were passed on to next generation

Spontaneous Generation = Life comes from nothing. Its like one moment there is nothing there,
then all the sudden, POOF a FUCKING DRAGON!!!

Charles Robert Darwin, Hes the bitch! Born the same day as Abe
Lincoln, that is what made him awesome.
He became a docta! And he did surgery stuff, but was too much of a pussy to persue the gory
painful non anesthetic surgery

So he did natural science research and became a pastor and smoked a ton of weed all the time

He jumped on a ship called the HMS Beagle and sailed around the fucking world, then he
collected shells and shit and sent it back to England, where people were like “Whaa taa
Faawwk??”

He saw a bunch of shit and then he saw evolution, and he was like “Holy shit! I discovered
evoleutionz!!!” So he began writing his suppa kewl book called the origin of species.

Main parts of this book: Evolution happens, Natural selection means survival of fittest, this
means if you cant take the heat, GET OUT OF THE FUCKING KITCHEN!!

Eearly Generation: main genetic phenotypes

Natural selection happens, then ALL PEPPER MOTHS TURN BLACK!

Descent with modification = biological evolution (THIS IS IMPORTANT)

Evolution as such

Common descent = children comes from parents and shit… tree of life… that type of bull..

Gradualism = evolution was slow and gradual

Population Change = When stuff happenes, and people die, population changes

Natual Selection = SURVIVE OR DIE ASSHOLE!!!!!!!!!!!!

Just a random question… where is god?

Alfred Russel Wallace = NOONE CARES ABOUT THIS DUDE. He came up with the same shit as
Darwin, but Darwin was richer and he was a poorfuck, then he was like, EVOLUTION, and
people were like, NO, and he was like.. FUCK…

Yet his ass is still known as the “Father of Biogeography” because he was finding georgraphic
patterns with life.
Theory was UBER CONTROVERSIAL, educated people liked it, dumbfucks and ultra-right wing
conservative die-hard super Christian political people were like, NO! (the Vatican also)

Orthogenesis is showing that evolution is going in some form of direction, that there is an end
point in mind

Evolutionary synthesis, The combonation of ideas to form what we know today. It mixes Darwin
with Mendel, with Many other

Ronald Fisher and JBS Haldane and Sewall Wright – Developed a mathematical theory of
population genetics, which showed that mutation and natural selection together cause
adaptive evolution.

FOUNDER EFFECT - small population can be different than large population, because there can
be an isolation type of effect going on, and therefore the SMALL WILL RISE, THE BIG SHALL FALL

Genetic drift – Large changes can cause big change to happen

This type of theory stuff is from Ernst Mayr, a Harvard asshole.

Biological species concept, species are groups which can mate with each other and only with
eachother.

THIS THEORY IS RACIST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Theory of geographic speciation – separate a species by a georgramphic space, and they will be
different

Phenotype = what the dude looks like

Genotype = what the dude has inside of him (his genes)

Natural selection doesn’t give a shit about genotype, its all about the way a dude looks

Mutation isn’t what is calsing this, it is a gradual process called natural selection

Mutations in this case can grow in populations, because others will get killed off
Differences through population is adaptive thorugh Natural Selection…. Look… NATURAL
SELECTION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IN EVERYTHING PERIOD>……

Tree of life is called phylogeny. Everything comes from a common ancestor.

Motoo Kimura – Since natural selection cares about phenotype only, a lot of genotype changes
can change but not effect natural selecetion

William Hamilton, Robert Trivers and Social Theory – Cooperation, Kin selection, causes a
helpful effect to happen, where for example the workers work for the queen, promote their
health,

Evolution can result from a change in genetic composition of a population

According to the teacher, SIZE MATTERS

Although size is based on smallness, the smaller the penis, the more mutation over a period of
time. The bigger the penis, the less mutation

FUCKING TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Unzip DNA, and you get a mutation, this can happen from radiation.

This is why most super heros are mutated dirtbags caused by Radiation.

DNA unzips and zips up Suppa doopa fast, therefore makes genetic mutation

From natural bullshit that happens in the body, there will be some form of fuck up in the
copying of DNA, therefore it is possible that through mutation, YOU can turn into a superdick.

It matters where the mutation is, if it is in the normal cell of the person, it may not get passed
down through SECKS, if its in the germ cells, It will get passed down. Moral of the story is…
DON’T DO DRUGS

Synonymous (Silent) mutation = shit happens but it doesn’t get represented in the phenotype

Non-synonymous mutation = shit happens and you can see it… at least you might be able to see
it…
Again.. ITS ALL ABOUT THE PHENOTYPE

Hes repeating….FUUUUUUCCCCCCCCCCKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Gene flow = movement of alleles from one population to

another , such as a filthy beetle whore going to another
population of beetles and fucking them all.

Coral = CUM EVERYWERE, its like a volcano.. BOOM

Non random mating = sexual selection = if individuals are

choosy about the people they fuck, then selection wont be
random.

These birds like shoving their big red pouch in females faces

HOBBIT HOLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! = bird kribs

Judgemental Bitches.. that’s what female birds are

Assortative mating = bitches choose their mates who are more phenotypically similar to theirs,
anotherwords… THEY ARE RACIST

Inbreeding = hillbillies and rednecks do this… and birds? Idk…

Someone builds a walmart in a pond where a population is living… BOOM.. bottleneck effect,
where some survive, and the growth of the population depends on their genome

HOLY SHIT… I didn’t even see that bug….

Teacher bitch slap.

Selection can cause adaptations to many different preassures

Physiological tolerances to environment

Avoiding detection

It all depends on the environment, that is natural selection and the survival of the fittest

P^2:2pq:q^2…. Hardy-weinberg Principle… WHAT THE FUCK IS THIS SHIT!?!?!?!?

AA squared : 2(Aa) : aa squared

Green chicken and blue chickens exist

Blue and green sperm exist

Blue and green eggs exist

Blue and green chicks exist

..woah..

For hardy weinburg to be true

Mating must be random

Population must be infinitely large

Cant have gene flow

Genes cant mutate from one state to another

Individuals must have equal probabilities of survival, so no natural selecetion

THIS SHIT DOENST hAPPEN. WHY THE FUCK IS IT USEFUL? DOES THIS EVEN LIFT??

Yes it does, and its useful because it gives a framework to base all off from

Teacher said, “Go. Be

free!”

Recombination =
crossing over to the
other side, it looks
like this.

The Biological species concept = Can these assholes have sex? If so, can they make a honey boo
boo? PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT CONCEPT EVAR!!!!!
OH SHIT… Problems…

Prob 1 = Restricted to sexual outcrossing organisms

Prob 2 = Hypridization

Prob 3 = Practical difficulties(Things that are sepereated by a space.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Reproductive isolation = when a populations is unable to perduce fertile babymakers (

offspring)

Georgraphic isolation = populations separated by the VOID ….. or just mountains and shit

Subspecies, other races of the species, such as different conigurations or colors….. heh

Hybridization = this is what hpapenes when you combine different species together, it makes
weird looking babies that do stuff also.

Monophyletic group = when A group that includes all the decsendants of a common ancestor

Looks like a tree

Morphological species conept = Species look different, so we classify them as different, One is a
monkey, one Is a snail, one is a dinosaur. THEY LOOK DIFFERENT!

The triceratops dinosaur looks like a sea cucumber when you color it.

The Genotypic cluster species concept (or GCSC) = Species are distinct genetic cluster, where if
you see these concentrations of dots, then you can say that they are more or less a species
BLUE IS A SPECIES OF BLUE SMURFS. RED IS A SPECIES OF RED SMURFS.

Phylogenetic species conecpet = A species is the smallest monophyletic group of common

ancestry, for example if you look at it, and you trace the ancestors, if it is all mixed up to shit, its
1 species, if there are two distictions, then its two.

The top species concept ATM is the BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONEPT.

“Morphological Species conept people and Biological species conept people like to gather in the
streets and throw Molotov Cocktails at eachother.” Our teacher said it. It must be a fact.

Pre zygotic, and post zygotic is different reproductive isolating mechanisms

Prezygotic, Temporal isolation, Like the FUCKING

CICADA, SCARY AS HELL AND SWARM IN THE
BILLIONS.

These assholes take turns to scare the shit out of

everything and everyone that crosses them…
seriously… LOOK AT THEM!~!
FUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

CICADA MASS ATTACK!!!!!!!!!!!

Okay.. Back to the topic.

Pace of evolutionz

Gradulism is when a species evolve continuously over long time periods

Contingency = The particular historical pathway taken by evolution is dependent on unique

historical occurrances. Such as people fucking other people’s women and killing the men, that is
caled evolution…. Maybe? Idk

Oh god… my teacher wanted Ronald Reagan to die….. WHAT AN ASSHOLE!!!!!

Aliens are actually intelligent dinosaurs… that’s the

truth tis a Scottsman from planet 9.

There was a badass animal called the Burgess

Shale that existed about 5 Billion years ago. It had
5 eyes, a HAND OF DEATH that fucked anything
and everything up, It was like 3 feet long, and it
had a mouth that looks like the lens of an eye.

Channelization
Things that are not needed will eventually flake off and not appear in later forms or species

Genome structures will vary widely among organisms. For example Virus and bacteria genomes
are suppa different than ours

Intron = a non functioning piece of shit DNA gene that shits bricks all the time. IT DOES
FUCKING NOTHING. No coding for t3h protienz?

Lynch and Conery(Over 9000) pointed that these features which provide little or no fitness
advantage are more shown in organisms that have little amount of them.

THERE ARE A FUCKTON OF BACTERIA ABSOLUTELY EVERYWHERE. This is proof of his theory.

THE ORIGINZ OF A KNIEW JeanS! = New jeans can originate from either pre_existing genes in
the same genome or from the genome of another species

Neofunctionalization = one copy retains original function, other

copy gets new function

Mutations make new functions, HENCE THE NAME!

Subfunctionalizationb = Gean A is producing 1 of the two of the

strands and the other mution can replicate the other strand. So
one by one.

Figure 1 This is a Jean. This is exactly what we are

talking about when we talk about the jeanome.
To be continued…..

THE DARK AGE OF NOTES (didn’t take them for about 1 week)

After slaughtering 10 dragons… the notes continue

Taxonomy and Systematics

Taxonomy- how to name the fuckers we call species,

TAXON = its like a unit, or money, for the taxonomy…. GET IT… TAX??

Systematics – the study of biological diversity and the evolutionalry

Homology = same trait found in a different taxa due to shared common ancestry

Extant = taxa that is still kickin’ and breathin’

Phylogeny – the history of buttsex…. Oops sorry, let that slip, its just the history of evoleutionz
by common ansestorsz

Extinct – bitches be dead yo.

ANALogy (HOMOplasy) = same shit found in different species (taxa) due to convergent
evolution. EVERYONE HAS HANDS AND SHIT (or like the name… anus)

____________________________________________________________________________

Shark = fishy

Ichthyosaur = A FUCKING SWIMMING MOTHERFUCKING DINOSAUR REPTILE ALIEN FISH FROG!

Dolphin = mammal

_____________________________________________________________________________

A fin has a shitton… or a fuckload of small bones. It kindove looks like someone poured gravel in
a bag.

THE HISTORIEZ

Organize groups in to nested groups, each contains a groups or smaller one.. IT’S A RUSSIAN
SYSTEM. Its set up like Russian dolls, and at the end is a MOLOTOV COCKTAIL that will burn your
house down… with a lemon.

Shamu is on the screen

Kingdom - Phylum- Class -oRder- Family- Genuz - Specis

KING PHILIP CAME OVER FROM GERMANY SMASHED

KINKY PHAT CATS ORGASAMED FRIGHTFULLY, GENUINELY SEXY

There are three domains of life. Its

ARCHAEA – crazy motherfuckers that do crazy shit.

EUKARYA – us

BACTERIA – Things that can possibly kill your ass. They are small.

Carl Linnaeus = some languinophile that developed the system in 1753 he made a book called
“Species Plantarum” on that date and “Systema Naturae” in 1758. Hes a little bit of a douche
and he is the father of taxonomy

GENUS IS GODLY THEREFORE ALL CAPS, species is puny and small, so don’t caps it

t^REX (proper way)

IT’S A MARIO MUSHROOM….. omg…. (and there is a cute monkey)

Relatedness? The resulting pathway is interesting of itself (who is most closely related to who?
Are dogs most closely related to cats or pigs?)

FUNGUS = HUMANS . We are fungus. Just little fungi

HOLY FUCK… THE EAGLE IS MADE OUT OF GOLD!!!!

Paradigm falcons can kick a pidgions ass anyday. FAAALLLLCCCOOOONNN

PPPPUUUNNNNNCCCHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!

There was a dentist that infected his patients with HIV by undergoing “surgery” with them. He
stuck his “surgical equipment” into his patients
“mouths” cause it was “dentistry”

How to read some shit

Root = base of the tree

Node = branchpoint in a tree

Clade = a group of to or more taxa that share

common ancestor

Any taxon can be a clade, but they have to be related to eachother.

Monophyletic – come from one dude

Paraphyletic – if some fucker mutates and becomes a different fucker = 2 grups

Polyphyletic – if a bunch of fuckers from fuckers become fuckers = many groups

ITS BIODIEVERSEITIE TIEM!

Prokaryotic diversity = most species of prokaryotes are not known

THEY COVER THE FUCKING EARTH…… literally

Some are intense, extreme things… they do crazy shit, they are called extremophiles.

Bacteria do some shit called conjugation, is basically where the bacteria are like, “hey, want to
trade pokemanz??? HELL YEAH!!” and
so they connect and transfer their DNA
and so they become god.

1000 times the radiation that you can

take, a bacteria can take…. That’s a
badass extremophile!

WOOT MILITARY!

Archea are not closely related to

bacteria, they are more to Eucaryotes,
Its in the dna replication. THEY DON’T
LIKE TO BINARY FISSION! They do what
we do… simply split through mitosis

Thermophiles(They like hot shit) – paraphyletic group, such as Aquifex pyrophilus. That bacteria
loves fucking fire

Gram (HIV) – positive bacteria = pathogenic bitches. They are economicly important.

STAPH, STREP, CLOSTRIDIUM, BACILLUS, and many more

Actinobacteria – have a major impact on humans such as DENTAL PLACK,

“Some of the deadliest toxic substances on earth are things that people like to inject in their
face” – my professor describing botox

Tetracycline is a antibiotic that comes from bacteria… What?

Spirochaetes= many have impacts on you! Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

syphilis(Treponema pallidum),

Leptospira

YOU DON’T WANT THIS…. THEY SUCK

Most are anaerobic and live free (and die hard)

Cyanobacteria = bactria that made the earth to an oxygen buttfucking insest filled shitfuck.

They like to photosynthesizing = PROBABLY THE FIRST

Altered the atmostfere to make the oxygen that we like to suck

Ancestor to chloroplasts

Proteobacteria = Alpha: most are endosymbionts, and some are pathogents

These guys are closely related

to the mitrochondria. THEY
FUSED WITH US!!!

Holy shit…..
mitochondrias…
Rickettsia are human pathogens that
transmitted from ticks, they will fuck you up…
casue itching and skin infection

Wolbachia are pimps. They are in arthropods (insects) 75% of insects are infected. They can
cause incompatibility between populations.. so they will block your sperm from getting to the
egg, and will likely cause you to be FOREVER ALONE. Or, you can still bumfuck someone and
make a baby, but the baby dies because your infection FUCKS THE KID UP.
Beta: very diverse that include soil bacteria, take nitrogen from the air, and fix it, and turns it
into a form that plants can use.

Gamma: sulfur bacteria, inhabit animal intestine such as salmonella and E.coli Opportunisticly
pathogenic, and EAT CRUDE OIL sometimes also.

Salmonella causes food poisoning

Delta: bioremediation agents(Geobacter) and predatior bacteira, they can go at like 400 MPH!!
at their size and speed… these bitches are fast as fuck

Epsilon: Helicobacter live in your stomach and can poibly fuck you up… they can maybe cause
stomach ulcers. Or CANCER.

Archea Groups

Crenarchaeota(what a fucked up spellings….) EXTREME MOTHER FUCKERS…

Such as thermophiles and acidophiles. Some live in temperatures of 113 degrees C. They are
intesnse..

Euryarchaeota = thermophiles and halophiles (salt fuckers) mostly anerobic

Methanogens fart a lot and therefore make methane. “swamp gas” some also live in the deep
ice, because they like freezing their balls off.

Forms of prokaryotes

Have 3 basic shapes….

The Protoss = badass people that do badass things

Excavata = like to suck dicks (phagocytosis)

This same dicksucking method led to endosymbiosis

Parabasalids and dipolmondas = Trichomonas

Euglenoids = high flexible crawlers

Kinetoplastids = have some shit calld a kinetoplast large amout of dna in mitochondria

Leishmania (they eat peoples faces off)

, Trypanosoma cruzi,

T. brucei.. HORRIBLE AS FUCK,

Difficult to control diseases, they are awesome dodgers.. (they live in the matrix)

Kinetoplastids are Assassin

bugs…. :D

Plastid is bacteria DNA. Or jizz….

Either or….

Chlorophyta = passifist, green,

photosynthetic, fuckers… WHAT
THE HELL ARE THEY??? Scientist
cant classify them.

Cryptophyta = also assassin bugs

that explode from diarrhea out of
their butts

Rhodophyta = multicellular, algae, Major role of coral reef building, create a ton of bullshit.

Important to food industry (can make good algaeburgers)

THEY MAKE AGAR!

Haptophyta = some have flippy flappy whippy things (flagella). Mainly marine corps people.
Include coccolithophores, they make chalk. These guys are also oil whores, they like banging it
Dinozoa – known as dinoflagellates, unicellular, photosynthesizing, live in freshwater and
marine, they like eating other people, and kicking ass, they also glow.

RED TIDE… THIS SMELLS LIKE SHIT ALL THE TIME…. I hate it…. FUCKING ALGAE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Looks like someone bled to death…. Or a couple 100,000…..

Apicomplexans = spore forming fuckers. Malarial parasite, Parasite is one of these bitches.

They alternate between fucking themselves (asexual) to fucking everyone (sexual)

Haploid stages: Mosquitos bite the shit out of people, then the small assholes move to the liver
in the human and start replicating. They form merozoite stage which GTFO the liver and enter
red blood cells. They start fucking themselves and Rip the red blood cells a new one. They do
this every 48 to 72 hours (except in one called P. falciparum – they do this irregularly – THIS
COULD KILL YOUR ASS)

Diploid stage: Zygotes undergo miosis, they make oocysts which BLOW THE FUCK UP into many
sporozoites that migrate to the mosquito salivary glands.

Ciliates = have a ton of cilia that are arranged in a longitudinal row that beat off eachother.
Paramecium is one of them.
They have macro and micro nugleuses It’s a normal nucleus that appears. They have vacuoles.
And eat shit. That’s all…

Stramenophila = they have penises too….. I mean flagella hair…

Brown algae which are multicellular macroalgae ( FUCKING HUGE) basically are like plants, but
they don’t have tissue.

Diatoms (Chrystophyla) are photosynthetic plankton which have silicon shells, and breast
implants.

Rhizaria = they are amoebas, but they are not amoeboza groups…. WTF?

Foraminifera are shell plankton that have been used for dating rocks. They are also in the oil
industry for finding oil.. They are contracted from BP.

Cercoza are heterotrophs and like sucking on stuff (parasitic). Free living, feed on bacteria,
fungus, algae, protozoa, microscopic animals, and the nazgul and cathulu himself.

Amoeboza = these are slimy bitches that like to eat shit too.. parasitic or commensal
(nonparasitic)

Entamoeba is one of these assholes that live in people, can cause death. They swim up in your
brain and blood and stuff and eat you from the inside out. Then they proceed to raping your
mind and killing your soul, until you die for good. No soul or spirit exists when you die from one
of these killing machines. Can cause dehydration and bloody shit. Also you will shit water.

Slime molds are not fungus. They are amoebozoa, but may not be a total douchebag like the
Entamoeba. They form together from single cellular to multicellular.

Opistokonta = one word: SPERM

Fungus evolution = oldest fossil fungus are 460 million years old. Some are fossilized cells that
go back 1.4 billion years old

Largely aquatic in the most ancient forms, make 100,000 different species

Some are saprophytic, some are parasitic, some are mutualists. SOME ARE FUCKING HUGE…

EAT ALL MUSHROOMS!!! :D

They are heterotrophic lifestyles – use food from external environment

Absorptive nutrition = suck on shit without a mouth, and cannot actually eat (it would be
aweosome)

Unique cell wall, consists of stuff… ?

Mycilium – body region are called hyphae, branched fillaments

Fruting body- reproductive structure, like the actually mushroom cap. Looks like a penis usually

Spores -= wind sperm that fly around and splatter everything.

Plant Phyla

Angiosperm (flowering plants)

THERE IS OVER 9000!!!! Species (approx. 200,000)

They fuck themselves… literally.

If you look at the flowering tip, they have a penis and a vagina in the same location, and they
like to do it to themselves.

They are ecologically diverse. Land dwelling autotrophs

Plants that are

Saprophytes

Parasite

EAT OTHER PEOPLE

They live on eachothers faces, and also

Aquatic and Terrestrial

Radiation of angiosperms may be connected to the fucktonne of beetles there are.

There is a white, pinkish plant that suck the life out of fungus, because they are secretly
vampire plants that love women named bella.

HOLY SHIT THAT PLANT IS AWESOME!! There is a red plant that looks like a Klingon,

Venus fly trap, sandy, super assidic soil that dont let any other plants to grow.

They have Elmer's glue inside them, and they make projects with flies, therefore
EAT THE WORLD

In south east asia. Pitcher plants are when they have a basin like area, and they have
down pointing hair. But its not hair... THEY ARE KNIVES. They will kill the world
also.

the moral of the story is: Plants are bad. Use a ton of paper.

Animals:
The most diverse Eukaryotes in the world
they range alot
The Beatles! they are the most diverse animals in the world... of warcraft,

Classification of animals,

Symmetry – Radiation vs Bilateria

Presence and absence of different tissue types

ENDOderm

ECTOderm

and MESOderm

Fiddler crabs are chargers from Left 4 dead

See the similarity?

Classifications of animal was based on development and morphology

Echinoderms, cordates( us ) are ffrom deuterostomes

Same original configuration of embryo

95% of all organisms are invertibrates

IT’S THE FUCKING KRACKEN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Parazoa:
Porifera = these are sponges.. they like to sit there and be awesome. Sometimes homes for
other animals, and they also like to spew their sperm into the water, jazzing on everyone and
everything in sight. They are filter feeders

This is how they feed

Platyhelmenthes

About 2500 to 30000 species, They lack a coelom and don’t have a respiratory or circulatory
system…. How do they even lift? (valid question)

Oxygen is received by diffusion, they are very flat…

They have eyes, and are predators, and they can wiggle and move and fuck shit up with their
fists of death.. or something like that.

They have a mouth.. and they have a butt. They can eat and shit at the same time. And they do.
Period.

Nervous system lets them get cut in half and still live. They are indistructable also

Essentially, these animals are gods for everyone. They are pretty awesome. And they have
flame cells that maintain balance osmotically. They can also shoot fire out of their penises
There are different forms of flatworms

Terbellaria = they are free living and feed on everyone and everything. 4500 species, they look
Faaaabbbbuuuuullloooouuuus!!! But seriously, don’t fuck with them. They may be poisonous
and will most likely kill you. They went to federal prision, they know how to shank a bitch

Monogenea – 1000 species that eat external fish stuff. They just eat blood and skin, they are
usually just hanging around and eat and get fat. Nothing much else

Trematoda and Cestoda – 20000+ species that are internal parasites, THESE ONES HUMANS
CARE ABOUT. They don’t have a mouth or GI track, but absorb neutrients through their bodies.
They can helicopter dick all over you. They are literally come out of you and eat your brains
because they are huge and don’t take shit from anyone. Examples are TAPEWORMS!

This is a typical tapeworm.

See as they will essentially
fuck you up. Requires a
handgun to take one out.

These type of things an also produce ZOMBIE SNAILS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The worm crawls in the
eye of the snail and makes it a zombie.
Rotifers = there are about 2500 species, inhabit fresh water and make marine corps babies.
They eat floating shit and plankton. Some are predacious, and some are paracites.

They have jaws of death and will eat your soul also. These things are like Kirby, and will suck up
all types of shit with their jaws. They also can either
fuck others or themselves.

Females are about 10x more obese than the males,

and they just mate and mate and mate.

They like to impregnate their wives with TRAMATIC

INCEMINATION!

Rotifers also have a pseudocoel, which is a fluid

filled body capacity

Nemertea (Ribbon worms) = 1,150 species and are mostly marine predator missles. Small
pertecentage are freshwater or live on land. They have a negative aspect of the seafood
industry, they eat our crabs!! They have multiple different chemical weapons

They can also contain nicotinic agonist, which can increase memory and help alzhiemers
patients get better. So, they have a good side.

Their chemical defenses are awesome though, they have TTX (tetrodotoxin) produced by
bacteria. This can kill and paralyze people, but we can also do something medically with them
such as painkillers.

They produce pilidium larvae, which means that they start as men with dicks, but then they
may loose their man card, therefore their penises, and therefore they become women.

They have both mouth and butt, and they also have a harpoon cannon called Rhynchocoel,
which shoots out and kill everything.

Nematoda (NEMATOAD!)

Essentially, these things live inside of you and don’t like you. They will eat your shit and cause
huge swelling called Filariasis, and therefore will make you blow up.

These nematoads can possibly help cure cancer. No, they are not chuck Norris
Onychophora = Velvet worms

They are found in tropical regions, are are the wealthiest of worms. They have velvet shirts.

Surfactants will hit the air and become very tough, they are very weird things, from the
continent that

20000 Species when talking about the nematodes only,

Chitin is a hardener, calcium, expskeleton, mineral

asoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo (fell asleep…. Lecturer kept
droning on and on

Arthropoda = 80% of all animals oare Arthropods, Coleration of the cuticle is what permimts

Ganglion, this is a highly efficient nerve cell that immediately transfer from nerve to response.
The ommatidia are the eyes of the fly, with all their stuff

END OF TERM