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American Academy Larnaca

Year 5 Test
Double Science
Physics
Topic P2.9: As fast as you can!
Thursday 21 May 2009
Structured questions
Time: 20 minutes

FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.

displacement s
average velocity = v=
time t

change in velocity (v − u )
acceleration = a=
time t

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

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1. Babs and Sunita are investigating the physics of ten-pin bowling.

Babs measures the time taken

for the ball to travel down
the bowling alley.

The length of the alley is 18 m.

The time taken for the ball to travel down the alley is 2.4 s.
(a) Calculate the average velocity of the ball.

average velocity = ………………………… m/s

[2 marks]

(b) Explain why this is an average velocity.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

The mass of each pin is 1.5 kg.

The ball hits just one pin with a force of 90 N.
(c) Calculate the initial acceleration of the pin.

acceleration = ................................... m/s2

[2 marks]

[Total for Q1: 5 marks] {5}

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2. Mr Southwell is using a modified air-hockey table to demonstrate momentum.

small puck

large puck

The small puck has a mass of 0.15 kg and the large puck has a mass of 0.25 kg.
The small puck is travelling at 3 m/s.
(a) Calculate its momentum. Give the unit.

momentum = …………………………
[3 marks]

Tiny jets of air are emitted from the surface of the table.
(b) Explain the purpose of these air jets.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) The small puck hits the large puck with a force of 20 N.
(i) State the size and direction of the reaction force.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the large puck at impact.

acceleration = ......................................... m/s2

[2 marks]

[Total for Q2: 7 marks] {12}

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3. The photograph shows an osprey as she flies

at a constant speed and at a constant height.

(a) Complete the diagram below to show accurately all the forces acting on the osprey.

lift

thrust

[2 marks]

(b) (i) Which force must the osprey increase to accelerate forwards?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) The osprey needs to lose height.

1. Which force does she need to make smaller?

Force = …………………………………………………………

2. Suggest how she can do this.

She makes it smaller by ……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks] {17}

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(iii) When the osprey catches a fish, she grips it so that the fish points forwards.

Suggest in terms of forces why she does this.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) The diagram below shows the vertical forces as the osprey rises with her catch.

lift

25 N

The osprey rises upwards with a vertical acceleration of 6 m/s2.

Calculate the size of the lift force.

Lift = ………………………… N
[2 mark]

[Total for Q3: 8 marks]

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TOTAL FOR STRUCTURED QUESTIONS PAPER: 20 MARKS

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BONUS QUESTION

(a) Is momentum a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Crash tests are important for improving the safety characteristics of cars.
Data is collected using data loggers.

The following graph is obtained during one such test by crashing a car on a wall.

velocity 20
(m/s)
15

10

0 time (s)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-5

-10

(b) How long did the actual crash (contact with the wall) last for? ……………………………………………
[1 mark]
The driver’s torso (upper part of the body) is approximated to have a mass of 40 kg.
(c) Calculate the momentum of the torso immediately before and after the crash.
Immediately before: Immediately after:

Momentum before = ………………………… Momentum after = …………………………

[3 marks]

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The average exerted force can be calculated as

change in momentum
Average force =
time taken

(d) Calculate the average force acting on the driver during the crash.

Force = …………………………
[2 marks]

One of the effects of crumple zones is that they allow the car to stop in a collision instead of bouncing back.
(e) Explain why if the car does not bounce back but stops over the same collision time the force that the
driver experiences decreases.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

Without a safety belt the collision time is less by up to 5 times.

(f) Explain why the force on the driver can increase up to 5 times.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

[Total for Bonus Question: 10 marks]

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