Particle Nature of Matter  He proposed explanations for many of Basic State of Matter

the known laws describing the behavior  Solid

 Anything that occupies space and has mass of matter.  Liquid
is called MATTER.  Dalton’s theory states “All matter is  Gas
 The mass of an object is a measure of the made up of individual particles called
amount of matter the object has. atoms, which cannot be divided”. Properties of Solids
 The measure of the space occupied by an  Matter is made up of tiny and discrete 1. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed
object is called volume. particles. The particles may be atoms, volume
molecules or ions. 2. Solids cannot be compressed much
Classification of Matter  An atom is the smallest particle of an 3. Solids have high densities
element that has all properties of 4. Solids do not fill their container
 Matter the element completely
 Mixture  A molecule is a neutral particle that 5. Solids do not flow
 Homogeneous consists of two or more atoms which
 Heterogeneous are chemically bonded together. Properties of Liquids
 Pure substance  An ion is a positively charged or 1. Liquids have fixed volume but they have
 Element negatively charged particle. no fixed shape.
 Compound 2. Like solids, liquids cannot be
WHAT MATTER WAS MADE OF? Characteristics of Particles of Matter compressed much
3. Liquids have moderate to high densities.
Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his Everything around us is made up of tiny 4. Liquids do not fill their container
disciple, Democritus believed that nature pieces or particles. The particles that make completely
consisted of two things, “atoms and the void that up matter are atoms, ions or molecules 5. Liquids generally flow
surrounds them” 1. The particles of matter are very, very
small. Properties of Gase
Atomos, a Greek word which means indivisible 2. The particles of matter have spaces 1. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a
particle. between them, fixed volume.
3. The particles of matter are constantly 2. Gases can be compressed easily.
DEMOCRITUS (460 B.C. – 370 B.C.) moving. 3. Gases have very low densities.
 All matter composed of atoms in void. 4. The particles of matter attract each 4. Gases fill their container completely
 Atoms were indivisible & indestructible. other 5. Gases flow easily
 Properties of atom differ in shape, Properties of Matter
arrangement and sizes. 1. Hardness Phase Change of Matter
 Shape of atom determined the 2. Color and texture
substance properties. 3. Malleability Solid to Gas = Sublimation
JOHN DALTON (1766 – 1844) 4. Flexibility Gas to Solid = Deposition
 He developed a theory to explain why 5. Conductivity Gas to liquid = Condensation
the elements in a compound always join 6. Viscosity Liquid to Gas = evaporation
in the same way. Solid to Liquid = Melting
Liquid to solid = Freezing