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OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effect of temperature variation on the
performance characteristics of a parallel-flow concentric tube heat
exchanger.
THEORY:
The equations for calculating the performance characteristics: power emitted, power
absorbed, power lost, efficiency (η), logarithmic mean temperature (ΔTm), and overall
heat transfer coefficient (U).
ηmean = ( ηc + ηh ) / 2
The power emitted is given below (where Vh is the volumetric flow rate of the hot
fluid):
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The power absorbed is given below (where Vc is the volumetric flow rate of the cold
fluid):
Where the surface area (As) for this heat exchanger is 0.067 m²
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a) Set of tube heat exchanger.
b) Cold fluids supply and hot fluids supply.
c) Digital stopwatch.
This experiment can be made using either parallel or counter flow operation. This
experiment was conducted as parallel flow operation.
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PROCEDURE:
1. Configure the experiment for parallel flow heat exchanger operation such as turn
ON the heating elements to heat the fluids.
2. Set the required hot water inlet temperature to Th,in = 60º with the decade switch
and set the cold water volumetric flow rate (Vc) to run at a constant 2000
cm³/min.
3. Initially set the hot water volumetric flow rate Vh to 1000 cm³/min. Wait until 5
minutes before the three temperature readings are records.
4. Repeat this for volumetric flow rate,Vh of 2000, 3000 cm³/min for hot water.
Record the temperature readings in the table.
5. After finish up the experiment, turn OFF the heating elements, close the valve for
hot and cold water.
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DATA AND RESULTS:
1. RESULT:
For Cold Water:
Flow rate (m3/s) Flow rate TC,in (○C) TC,out (○C) TC,mid (○C)
(L/min)
4.1667e-5 2.5 24 33 28
Flow rate m3/s) Flow rate TH,in (○C) TH,mid (○C) TH,out (○C)
(L/min)
1.66667e-5 1 62.5 47 49
3.3333e-5 2 62 51 55
5e-5 3 62 51 55
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SAMPLE CALCULATION:
At Th,in = 60 ºC.
ρh = 983.3 kg / m³
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= 60 ºC - 28 ºC
= 32 ºC
ΔT2 = Th,out – Tc,in
= 46 ºC – 20 ºC
= 26 ºC
ΔTm = (ΔT1 – ΔT2) / ln (ΔT1/ΔT2)
= (32 ºC – 26 ºC) / ln [(32 ºC/26 ºC)
= 28.89 ºC
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the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. However, the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can
never exceed the inlet temperature of the hot fluid, since this would be a violation of the
second law of thermodynamics.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the experiment is done successfully. The power emitted and
power absorbed are increased when we compared the effect of changing the volumetric
flow rate of the hot fluid. Besides, the power lost that we get shows decreasing value
unless the last reading give some increased value. This is maybe because of the error
while doing the experiment that may cause by conduction and convection between hot and
cold fluid while doing counter flow operation. The overall efficiency are reasonable and
doesn’t exceed the 100%. From our experiment, the overall heat transfer coefficient will
increase when the volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid are increase. So that, the
conclusion that can be done is the overall heat transfer coefficient, the power emitted and
power absorbed are influenced by the changing of volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid.
REFERENCE