Plumbing: a. Labor.

Alley. 3 meters with walk, not less than 2 meters. b. Material.

3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
Alter or alteration. change use or material. 4. Durability.

Back pressure. (drainage) air pressure in drainage pipe greater than atmospheric pressure. Reason of C I S P for drainage:
1. Easy drainage installation.
Back flow. (water) flow of water in water system from other sources other than its water source, also called 2. Availability.
back siphonage.
Closing end of pipes:
Back siphonage. for drainage and water. 1. Cap.
2. Plug.
Back vent pipe. also called individual vents, F C O (floor clean out) for 1st floor, W C O (wall clean out) for
2nd floor and up, diameter for individual vents is 2 to 3 inches and drainage line is 4 inches. Types of flange:
1. Drilled.
Ball cock. faucet opened and closed by a ball floating on the water, also called ball cock valve. 2. Blank.
3. Blind.
Ball joint. for W C without water storage tank, a cup like shell, ball in cup-like shell that allow movement.
Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:
Battery of fixtures. similar adjacent fixtures, 2 or more is called a battery. 1. Slip flange.
2. Screw flange.
Bell or hub. that portion of a pipe which for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of
another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint. leaching cesspool.

Bending pin. (or iron) a tool used for straightening or expanding lead pipe. Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.

Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a faucet found in service area and gardens. Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use to discharge water detritus and steam,
one type of releif vent.
Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories.
2 types of hot water tank:
Compression cock. 1. Range boiler.
2. Hot water storage tank.
Self-closing faucet.
Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water) branch out of the house service pipe
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to wash the genitals, also called a sitz bath (tool which is the largest pipe, (drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any part of the pipes not the
bath), types: main pipe or stack.
1. Stall.
2. Stand. Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into the main at storey height, one branch not
3. Recessed. less than 8 feet, types:
1. soil pipe. use water closet.
Materials for pipes: 2. waste. other waste water.
1. C I S P.
2. Acid resistant C I P. Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).
3. Asbestos pipe. Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe. Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
6. Lead pipe.
7. Galvanized steel pipe. Building drain. house drain.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available commercially). Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found extending 4 or 5 feet from interface of
10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C. foundation wall.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe. Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the building sewer.
Choice of pipe:
1. Quality. Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run.
2. Cost of installation.
406322306.doc
Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time.
Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Flat offset. used in ventillation air stack.
Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.
Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water, surface water, storm water, waste
Ferrul. the clean out. water, or sewage.

Catch basin. CB, for rain water retention of storm or rain water. FD. floor drain.

AD-CB. area drain, catch basin. Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any other drain pipe, from
fixture to main drain or the junction itself.
Cesspool. a pit for the reception or detention of sewage.
Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes waste water to the sewers. 3
Effluent. having a solid and liquid separate chamber. components:
1. Drainage.
Leeching cesspool. old waste goes down and at side. 2. Waste.
3. Vent.
Valves:
Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.
Check valves. automatically closes to prevent backflow or reverse direction or flow of water.
Wet vent. stack vent.
Circuit vent. a group vent extending from in front of the last fixture connection on a horizontal branch to the
vent stack, limited to 3 to 5 fixture per vent. Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed
that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe, clean out (WCO,
Common vent. (dual vent or unit vent), serving 2 or more fixtures. FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.

Conductor. (downspout, rainleader, roof leads), a vertical pipe to convey rain water. Fixture. a receptacle attached to a plumbing system. Classification according to use:
1. Soil:
Continous vent. is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain, to which the vent connects. a. Water closet.
b. Slop sink.
Corporation cock. (corporation stop, stop vault), to stop water to an individual house, connected to metering c. Urinals.
device and the water main. 2. Scullery:
a. Kitchen sink.
Coupling. b. Laundry sink.
c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
Court. open unoccupied area. 3. Bathing:
a. Bath tub.
Gooseneck. to prevent high pressure. b. Biddet.
c. Shower bath. complete assembly.
Water outlet. any faucet, water closet, etcetera.
Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe, all branch connected to
Cross connection. a physical connection between 2 system. fixture.

Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connections are made on Fixture unit:
the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of water or air therein. 1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.
Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit.
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the fitting. WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood over which water is
Diameter. types: expected to run.
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper).
2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera). Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the edge of the fixture or rim.
3. nominal internal diameter.
Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture.
Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting shaped like the letter "S".
406322306.doc
Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves, the area included between the wall
exclusive of vent, shaft and sleeve. Local vent. crude vent.

Flush valve. W. C., directly connected with the supply. Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste pipe beyond the connection at which liquid
waste from a fixture enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with vent stack.
Flushometer valve. with aid of water tank.
Circuit. stock vent.
Gate valve. inlet, a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against
machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply line, main/public storm sewer,
a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. the opening in the valve is usually as large as the full distributing main.
bore of the pipe.
Main vent. vent stack.
Globe valve. a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the
valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk, can control gas and air.
Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs plumbers, for residential.
Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 foot long and the other end is
about 3 inches long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead connection between a Nipple.
service pipe and a water main.
Sanitary engineer. for large establishment.
Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per foot.
Slope. pitch, grade, mot exceed 2 %.
Ground water. three sources of water:
1. Rainfall. storm water. Plan. must be sealed by a professional sanitary engineer.
2. Natural surface. Surface water.
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or percipitation. Plasiomic valve. ball in the water closet.

Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps. Plumbing. the art and technique of installing in building pipes and fixtures.

Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest point of the roof of the building.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack, with or without vertical
sections or branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts it to the soil
or waste stack or to the building drain.
Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or waste
may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building, institution, factory or industrial establishment from
bring and distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.

House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer system. Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and national plumbing code.

Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage system but MWSS. urban.
discharge into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to waste pipes.
LWVA. rural.
Individual vent. back vent pipe.
LOWA. local water.
Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic waste.
DPWH. in charge of the sewers.
Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease, chemicals, and oil, grease trap.
Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the stack to its junction with the main building
Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical. drain or with another branch thereof, same as lateral.

Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent installation. Private or private use. for private use.

Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand. Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public authority.

Length of pipe. the length as measured along. Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement.
406322306.doc
Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects. Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell.

Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any institution. Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping.

Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public authority, main sewer. Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure, types:
1. Wet.
Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system. 2. Dry.

Return bend. 180 degrees turn. Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface after a storm.

Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent. Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.

Riser. vertical pipes use only on water. Subsoil drain. building sub-drain.

Reservoir. water cistern. Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained.

Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system. Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras.

Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures. Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain.

Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination of human excrement and liquid Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting. used only
household waste. for ventillation.

Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial waste but without rain water. Sanitary tee.

Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in traps. Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some vermin through a pipe.

Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out. Union. to move one pipe only.

Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch. Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve 2 traps.

Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system. Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.

Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water supply to the building served. Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a plumbing system and for reducing
the pressure exerted on trap seals.
Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the establishments.
Vent stack. for ventillation.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid. Vertical pipe. any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position.

Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community, including collection, transportation, Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
pumping, and treatment.
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators, etceteras.
Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2 lines of hose may be connected to a
hydrant or to the same nozzle. Planning:
1. Location of C O:
Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes. a. In every change in direction.
b. All horizontal pipes.
Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals. c. At every 15 feet of pipe.
2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR.
Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste. 3. Traps:
406322306.doc
a. House trap. 5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
b. Grease trap. 6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per person.
c. Seal trap.
4. Soil pipe/waste pipe. Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90 to 1.20 meters. And is protuded
5. Offset. 15 centimeters from surface to overcome water infiltration.

Water supply: Types of waste:

1. Location of main line. 1. Black: feces.
2. Prohibition use of cross T. 2. Grey: soap.
3. Provision of air chamber. 3. White: rain water.
4. Use of valves.
2 types of standpipes:
3 types of water distribution: 1. Dry.
1. Upfeed system. 2. Wet.
2. Downfeed system (gravity).
3. Zoning system. Types of vents:
1. Wet vent. for water.
Pipe lengths: 2. Dry vent. for air.
1. Brass pipe: 20 feet.
2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet. Types of tanks:
3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet. 1. Suction type tank.
4. G I: 20 feet. 2. Pneumatic tank.
5. C I: 5 feet. 3. Elevated tank.
6. Cement: 1 meter. 4. House tank.

3 available private disposal system: P traps:

1. Cess pool. 1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used in lavatories.
2. Septic tank or vault. 2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip, used in sinks.
3. Privy.
4. Public sewer line. Moldex uses the O-ring.

Public sewer line: Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position next to last fixture served, good in
1. Trunk line. laundry area.
2. Tributary.
Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public filtering system.
Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
1. Sedimentation. To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange type use gusset.
2. Anaeboric decomposition.
A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water, aerator fitting.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable water supply.
Construction and location of septic tank:
1. 15 meters away from potable water. A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the body, bidet/prosterior.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y.
A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of organic materials, with a total depth of
1.50 meters. A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a VS or a SV.

Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters. A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.

Technical data: A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.

1. Minimum width: 0.90.
2. Minimum length: 1.50. House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends and connects with the house
3. Minimum depth: 1.20. sewer. 2 types:
4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person. 1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).
406322306.doc
2. Sanitary drain.
Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge large volume of water.
Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of water is stopped automatically upon
release of the pressure of the hand.
The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous bicarbonate (a colorless salt).
In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated storage tank.
Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by carbon monoxide and reduction of
temperature.
The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
The design, construction, and operation of deepwells for abstraction of groundwater sources shall be
subjected to the provisions of the water code of the Philippines.
The quality of drinking water from meteoric surfaces and underground sources shall conform to the criteria
set forth by National Standards of Drinking water.
Sanitary sewages from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial waste water shall be discharged
directly to the nearest street sanitary sewer main in accordance with the criteria set in the code of sanitation
and the national pollution control commission.
All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the standard specs of the Philippine standard
council (PSC).
Electrical plans and specifications below 20 outlets or a capacity of 4 kw up to 600 v shall be signed and
sealed by duly licensed master electrician.

Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard, abatement.
It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making changes in direction.
A flush valve is a type of plumbing accessories.
U A P is duly accredited for architects while the following:
1. Civil engineers. P I C E (Philippine institute of civil engineers).
2. Mechanical engineers. P S M E (Philippine society of mechanical engineers).
3. Electrical engineers. I I E E (institue of integrated electrical engineer).
4. Master plumbers. NAMPAP.

In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per foot.
Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose bib.
The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.
Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and fittings.
A manhole is an access chamber for underground piping.
G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in length of 20 feet.
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge.
A plastic pipe for hot and cold water, PVDC pipes.
A water pump most commonly used for elevation of waste, sump pump.
Color coding:
1. Water line. blue.
2. Electrical. red, orange, light gray.
3. Sanitary. Orange, brown.
All electrical system, equipment and installlation mentioned in the code shall conform to the provision of the
Philippine ekectrical code, as adopted by the board of electrical engineering persuant to R A 184 otherwise
known as the electrical engineering law.
All mechanical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this code shall conform to the provisions
of the philippine mechanical engineering code, as adopted by the board of mechanical engineering pursuant
to Commonwealth Act number 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical engineering law.
Industrial establishment shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices to tone down the noise level
of equipment and machineries to acceptable limits set down by the department of labor and the national
pollution control commission.

Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of plumbing sustem which can be completed prior to the In the application form for mechanical, electrical, and sanitary/plumbing permits, the Professional in charge
installation of fixtures. shall sign and seal and write in the box the following:
1. PRC registration number.
Small particle of smoke can be detected in less than a minute. 2. Full name in print.
3. PTR number.
Wet and dry fire water pipes are called standpipe. 4. Address of P I C (professional in charge).
5. PTR date/place of issue.
Siamese is a wye connection. 6. T I N.

Integrated network of hydraulic design piping system, sprinkler system. In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are:
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout.
Responsible of fire code, director general. 2. Schedule of loads.
3. Location plan.
Sanitary and industrial plumbing water piping inside building and premises shall conform to the provisions 4. vicinity plan.
of national plumbing code. 5. Riser diagram.
6. General notes (specs).
406322306.doc
7. Legends and symbols.
8. Details.
5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant.
2. Architect and engineering department.
3. Land use and zoning.
4. Land and grade.
5. Local fire chief.
Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign and seal his/her name in the DPWH forms.
2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of completion (electrical works) aside from
building owner:
1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber.
2. Contractor.
2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building official:
1. Certificate of completion.
2. Logbook.
PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of 4 or more floors.
Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure of 20 kilograms per square
centimeter when ready for service.
All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and shall be equipped with 63
millimeters outlet in every floor level with a minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe is 38 millimeter diameter.
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is called balustrade.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight beyond its normal limit of travel by
absorving and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called buffer.
In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, the minimum number of
elevator that shall be kept on a 24 hour service is one.
The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per NBC is 1 meter.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of 5 meters.
The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be maintained at 68 to 74 degrees
fahrenheit.
HVAC. heating and ventilating air conditioning.
Piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is white.
Fresh water pipe is blue.
Fire design ladder should be fixed position in interval not exeeding 6 meters.
Exterior way of exit access so arrange there is no dead-end arranged in 6 meters.
A cable provided with a metal wrapping is called armored cable.
The current in amperes a conductor can carry continously without exceeding it temperature is called
ampacity.
A sheet metal enclosure for conductors, cables and bus bars at switch boards, meter centers, distribution
centers and similar points are called auxiliary gutter.
The latest edition of the Philippine electrical code, part 1 is dated 1973.
Ratio of maximum demand to the total connected to a system is ca;;ed demand factor.
The final decision over any contraversy of the electrical code is vested upon the board of electrical
engineering.
Electric motor. transform electric to mechanical energy.
Fuse. an over current protective device w circuit opening fusible material.
Fuse holder. device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between fusible link and fuse clips.
Guy wire. tension member usually of galvanized wire.
Flashover. a disruptive charge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator.
Ground. place a conducting current to the earth.
Lamp. generic term for artificial source of light.
Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder.
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour.
Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when subjected to pressure.
Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified.
Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is 2.13 meters.
International access signs have white graphics on blue blackground.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters.
Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system.
The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches diameter.
Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches and
fixtures.
In buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet:
406322306.doc
1. Be part of domestic supply of building. 1. Dynamic electricity (electromagnetic). flows through a substance, over its surface in the form of electric
2. Be added to domestic supply of building. current.
3. Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters. 2. Static electricity (static/electrostatic).

Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper serve as fire damper. Accessible. not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being removed
without disturbing the building structure or finish. Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked
Each door in a means of egress shall not be 70 centimeter. doors, elevation, or other effective means.

Plumbing code provisions: Electric current. electric flow in an electric current (amperage) expressed in amperes.
1. All roof extension of soil and waste stack should run full size at least 0.30 meters above the roof.
2. Other than weather protection, not less than 2.5 meters above the roof. Electric circuit. electric path composed of a conductor or of several conductors and conducting electric
3. If there are doors, windows, scuttle, air chafts distance edge to edge is 3 meters. devices joined together through which an electric current flows when the path is completed and an EMF is
applied.
Usual trouble in pipes is in its fittings.
Circuit diagram. diagram that represent an electric circuit on papers.
Rendering a pipe waterproof, caulking.
Chase. a recess built in wall to receive piping and wiring.
Cast iron in length of 5 feet.
Mica. best heat insulators.
Pipe of sanitary drainage, cast iron and PVC.
Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to cause) the movement of electricity in a
Enlarged part of pipe to receive another end, hub. conductor.

Connection of sprinkler to ceiling: Electro magnet.

1. Distance between sprinklers, 3 meters.
2. Area covered by a sprinkler, 9 square meters. Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the source of current back to the same
point.
Electricity:
Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected as to prevent the flow of
From NBC: electricity.
Lines must be 10 to 7.5 meters in height from sidewalk. Post knoll effect electrical thermal.
Poles not less than 5 meters from fire hydrant.
Poles not less than 150 meters from a curb. Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer.
For building over 15 meters in height there must be 2 to 2.5 meters open from face of building to pole for
ladders. Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel board.
Conductors over 3oo volts shall not be carried near the ground surface unless guarded or made
unaccessible. Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap.
Lines must clear from building surface of no less than .075 meters.
Lines passing over roofs and building tops must have clearance of 1 to 3 meters. THW. for outside and inside.
Service drop clearance over roof must not be less than 2.5 meters.
Service drop must not be less than 3 meters from ground. PTW. for interior.
There should be 2 services by law.
Fees are 5 pesos for permit of pole and installation of pole. Watt. ampere times voltage.

Approved. acceptable to the authority enforcing the code. Air is a poor conductor of electricity.

Electricity. electric phenomena manisfectation. Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a circuit with a conductor of a very low
resistance.
Atoms:
1. Electron. negative. Amperes. basic unit of electric current.
2. Proton. positive.
3. Neutron. neutral. Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in amperes.

2 general classes: Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in amperes, (without undue heat).

406322306.doc
Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity.
2 types of circuits:
1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are connected so that each one offers a separate
path for the flow of current between 2 points.
2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically connected end to end.
General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through a wire with a resistance of 1
ohm.
Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent heat volt and amperes produced if plugged
to an appliances, measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1 volt cause a current of 1 ampere
to flow.

Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry but not consume electrical energy. Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is applied to a conductor, the conductor is said to
example: switch. have a difference in potential energy.

Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum. Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous power or power in use at any one time.

Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each branch transmitting part of the current. The Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter. instrument used to measure the energy consumed
conductor of each branch taken separately. over a period of time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit with respect to time.

Connectors use for metal: Pole. 2 live wire.

1. Bushing. 2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground.
2. Lock nut.
3. Coupling. Types of conduits:
1. RSC.
Classification of electrical current: 2. IMC.
1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said to be from negative to positive (fixed 3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing.
polarity)(can be steady or may vary). 4. Flexible metal conduit.
Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell. 5. Aluminum conduit.
a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform. 6. Non-metallic conduit.
b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times. 7. Exposed metallic raceways.
2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of flow/current that changes in both strenght RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
and direction in a given time, alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles per second (60
hertz). IMC. Metallic conduit.
Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example: transformer. Types:
1. Selenium type. Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet.
2. Silicon type.
3. Copper-oxide type. Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a device for generating an alternating
EMF, for high voltage equipments.
Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your conductor.
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power) into electical energy (power).
Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance (opposition).
Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of the conductors.
Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing and supplying direct current by electro-
Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm): chemical means, 2 distinct classes:
Formula: I = V/R. 1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled or put together provided that it is
I. current flow (in amperes). connected in a circuit.
V. EMF (in volts). 2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source (rechargable).
R. resistance (friction in ohms).
Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity.
Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Current: I = V/R. Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3 categories:
Resistance: R=V/I. 1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types.
Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of electric current or other form of
Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which keeps electricity in motion. metal suitable for carrying currents, examples: copper cable.
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric current, resists heat.
Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an instrument for measuring the voltage drop Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors.
between any 2 points in an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery. 2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance fixtures, apparatus used as part of, or in
connection with an electrical installation.
406322306.doc
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes Types of flourescents:
or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current consuming 1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
equipments. Types: 2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.
a. Fixed.
b. Portable. Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the flourescent at the base of the pins.
c. Stationary.
BX pipes. flexible metals.
Wires and cables:
1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable. Condulets. small conduits.
Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits, exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors works.
Feeders. cables that goes into a building. Height of electric meter from ground, 1.5 meters.
2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire, example: TW wire Height of C O, .20 meter.
(thermoplastic/PVC).
4. Special cable type: Distances of C Os, 2 to 2.5 meters.
a. American home run.
b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross section Height of switch, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 meters.
c. Cable bars.
Distance of switch from door jamb, .20 meters.
Raceways:
1. Floor raceways: Bakelite. made from PVC and porcelain.
a. Underfloor raceways.
b. Cellular metal floor raceways. Master and slave. the electrical switch.
Size of wire and capacity:
Power handling equipment: 1. #14 (2.5 millimeter): 15 amperes.
Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current. 2. #12 (3.5 millimeter): 20 amperes.
3. #10 (4 millimeter): 30 amperes.
Outdoor transformers: 4. #8 (6 millimeter): 45 amperes.
1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts. 5. #6 (10 millimeter): 65 amperes.
2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity. 6. #3 (20 millimeter): 100 amperes.
3. Pad-mounted. hinged. 7. #2 (25 millimeter): 115 amperes.
8. #1 (35 millimeter): 130 amperes.
Indoor transformer: 9. #0 (50 millimeter): 150 amperes.
1. Dry type:
a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating. Types of elevators:
b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts. 1. Electric: (parts):
2. Askarel-insulated. a. Car.
3. Oil-insulated transformer. b. Cables:
1. Guide shoe.
Transformer rates: 2. Compensation.
1. Step up transformer. 3. Buffer.
2. Step down transformer. 4. Secondary sheave.
5. Winding drum machine.
Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts. 6. Landing zone.
c. Counterwieght.
Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up. d. Contol equipments:
1. Control panel.
Fuse types: 2. Governor.
1. Cartridge fuse. 3. Safety.
a. Single. 4. Tension sheave.
b. Dual. 5. Limit switches.
2. Plug fuse. 6. Operating device.
7. Car leveling device.
Switch gear. also called unit sub-station. e. Elevator pit.
f. Shaft or hoistway.
406322306.doc
g. Penthouse or elevator machine room. Consideration of elevator selection:
h. Elevator machine: 1. Types of use or occupancy.
1. Motor generator. 2. Floor height/ ceiling height.
2. Generator field (motor) control. 3. Total height of building.
3. Rheostatic control. 4. Available speed.
i. Guide rail. 5. Car capacity.
2. Hydraulic: (parts):
a. Car or cab. Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.
b. Control system.
c. Elevator pit. Types of escalators:
d. Shaft or hoistway. 1. Criss-cross.
e. Plunger. 2. Parallel.
f. Elevator machine room.
g. Guide rail. Parts of an escalator:
h. Guide shoes. 1. Balustrade assembly.
i. Spring buffer. 2. Handrails.
j. Floor stop and limit switch. 3. Truss.
k. Creepage and leveling cam switch. 4. Endless belt.
l. Car gate switch. 5. Sprocket assembly.
m. Controller. 6. Driving machine.
n. Motor and pump with tank. Other parts:
7. Tracks.
Parts of an elevator: 8. Emergency brake.
1. Electrical, mechanical room. 9. Controller.
2. Hoistway/shaft. 10. Emergency stop button.
3. Pit. 12. Key operated switches.
4. Penthouse.
5. Tension sheave. Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches.
6. Counterweight.
7. Travel. Air conditioning standards:
8. Oil and spring buffer. 1. Heating and humidifying.
9. Guide rail. 2. Cooling and dehumidifying.
10. Car platform. 3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the ground.
11. Car. 4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person.
12. Cable socket.
13. Dovetail joints. Types of A C:
14. Cable. 1. ACCU.
15. Machine beam. 2. ATC.
16. Elevator machine. 3. CAC.
17. MG set. 4. FCU.
5. AHU.
Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car capacity. 6. HVAC.
7. RAC.
Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments). 8. PAC.
1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments. 9. TR.
2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only. Parts of an A C U:
4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments. 1. Cooling towers.
2. Air curtain.
System of elevator selection of operation:
1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first. Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V)
2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs. 1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes.
3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high rise building with constant traffic 1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes.
(service specific number and level of floors). 1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes.
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes.
406322306.doc
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9peres. b. Room units have shorter life than central plants.
1, 16 amperes, 8amperes. Systems: 1/4 to 3 horsepower:
1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes. a. Unit type.
2, 24mperes, 12mperes. b. Through the wall.
3, 34mperes, 17mperes. c. Window type.
2. Package type A C system:
A C system: a. Needs from 3 tons to 100 tons (1 ton to 1 horsepower).
1. Unitarian: Location: where there is running water.
a. Package. 3. Centralized air conditioning system:
b. Cabinet. a. Have a machine/air conditioning room.
2. Centralized. use of cooling tower. b. Bigger space to be airconditioned.
3. Needs a duct wall.
5 important components of air conditioning:
1. Cooling unit. 3 to 10 changes of air per hour at .45 cubic meter per minute.
2. Compressor.
3. Condenser fan. Most common systems:
4. Cooler. 1. Air to refrigerants to air. room air is cooled by contact with cool refrigerants and then becomes warm.
5. Control/motor. Warm refrigerants is then cooled by contact with outside air.
2. Air to refrigerant to water to air. if air-cooled condensers are not available, therefor cooling is needed.
A C equipments: Thus this will take thye water that has removed the heat from hot refrigerant and give heat to outdoor air.
1. Filter. removes the larger dirt and pollen particles in order to prevent clogging spaces between the plates. 3. Ait to water to refrigerant to water. complete heat transfer/most economical.
Types:
a. Electrostatic filter. System of distribution:
b. Replacable filters. 1. Air to air.
c. Cleanable/renewable filters. 2. Air to air.
d. Roll type, disposable media. 3. Chemical/refrigerants:
e. Throwaway filters. a. Ammonia.
2. Cooling coil. arranged so that the cooling consists of bank of tubes. A cold fluid is circulated on the b. Freon 11 and 12.
inside of the tube. When the surface of the cooling coil is at temperature below dew point of air, it drips to a
collecting pan and disposed off those draw connection. System of airconditioning:
3. Heating Coil. constructed similar to the cooling coil. However fluid circulated inside has a high 1. Cooling by compressive refrigeration.
temperature. 2. Cooling by absorption.
4. Fan. fan pulls the air from intake through filter of the aircon unit and distributes it to the conditioned 3. Thermoelectric cooling.
space.
5. Humidifier. a device for moistening air to a desired degree. Thermostat. device which respond to change of temperature and directly or indirectly controls it.

Types of refrigeration compressors. Hydrostat/humidistat. a device which measures the degree of moisture in air.
1. Reciprocating.
2. Centrifugal. Relay. electrical device which protects and controls the thermostat, uses electrical energy to amplify or
3. Absorption. convert power of a thermostat.
4. Screw.
Air lock. a space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space which it is
Electric motors. requires starting devices (starter): connected. A space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space to which it is
1. Steam turbine. type of refrigeration plant which takes up space. connected.
2. Well water.
3. Cooling towers. Air velocity. a quantity which donates the instantaneous time rate and direction of air motion.
4. Pumps (centrifugal).
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to changes in pressure.
Types of aircon:
1. Unitary type/package type. depends on refrigerants as their cooling method. Control valve. any valve used to regulate fluid flow.
Advantages:
a. Control is at hand of the occupant or tenant. Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the evaporator at a low pressure, compact
b. Cooling towers, chillers, pumps, pipings are avoided, saving space. it, and then discharge it to a condenser.
Disavantages:
a. Noise (creates sound). Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a refrigerant circuit.
406322306.doc
Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so as to cool it Dull surface. absorbs more reflect less.
evaporatively by contact of air.
Heat units:
Condenser. a heat exchange device in a refrigeration system; consist of a vessel or arrangement of pipes
or tubing in which refrigerant vapor is liquified by the removal of heat. US-BTU.

Evaporator. that part of a refrigeration system in which refrigerant is vaporized; thereby taking up external Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU.
heat and producing cooling.
Latent heat:
Adiabatic saturation. water to unsaturated air to increase humidity ratio.
Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
Humidity ratio. weight of actual water vapor over pounds of dry air.
Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa.
Dew point. temperature when water vapor becomes saturated and turn to water.
Heat and work:
Dry bulb temperature. temperature of vapor in fahrenheit thermometer, temperature of a gas or mixture of
gases indicated by an accurate thermometer after correction for radiation. Thermodynamics. heat to work or work to heat.

Wet bulb temperature. the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporation into air, can bring the Mechanical equivalent. 1 BTU to 778 feet-pounds.
air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature.
Machine room. consist of refrigeration plants that chills water that is circulated to one or handling units.
Enthalphy. BTU per minute in fluid or gas.
Vapor lock. the formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents normal fluid flow due to wrong
Psychrometer. instrument to determine moisture in air. application of freon gas.

Relative humidity. saturation of water vapor present in air. Humidifier. a device used for moistening air to a desired degree.

Sensible heat. changing temperature without changing its state. Cold packet. usually refer to as the drafts in air condition.

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC): Flue. it is the byproduct of combustion.

Heat and temperature: Conductivity. defined as the number of BTUH that flow through one squar foot of materiaL one inch thick
when the temperature drop through the material under conditions of steady heat flow is one degree
Sensible heat. heat through touch. Fahrenheit.

Absolute temperature. below freezing point. Enthalpy. the total heat in the mixture measured above zero degree Fahrenheit, including the latent heat of
water vapor.
Pyometer. device for extremely high temperature.
Plenum. an air conditioning compartment maintained under a pressure slightly above atmospheric and
Thermocouple. device for indicating sensible heat through uniting 2 wires. connected to one or more distribution duets.

Katathermometer. alcohol thermometer to determine air movement and air distribution. Incinerator. a furnace for consuming waste by fire.

Heat transmission: Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to change in pressure.

Conduction. from body to body when it is in contact. Parts of a package type air cond:
1. Motor out.
Convection. by motion of the particle. 2. Air filter.
3. Grille.
Radiation. transmitting rays of heat through air. 4. Evaporator.
5. Motor in.
Reflection and absorption: 6. Compressor.
7. Fan and blower.
Highly polish. reflects more absorb less. 8. Viscous filter.
406322306.doc
9. Distribution grille.
10 Condenser. Characteristics of sound:
Cycle. full circuit by the particle.
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. process of treating air to control its temperature. Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its normal position during vibration.
Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is composed entirely of a single
Heat transmission: frequency.
1. Conductor. transfer of heat from a place of higher temperature to a place of a lower temperature. Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.
2. Convection. transfer of heat by motion of the particle of the heated substance itself. Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity and density of the medium.
3. Radiation. process of transmitting rays of heat by passing through air.
Magnitudes of sound:
Common heat distribution system: 1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts.
1. Burner/boiler. source of heating. 2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area normal to this direction.
3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure.
Common methods of distributing heat: 4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of 2
1. Forced circulation of warm air. numerical values on a logarithmic scale.
2. Hot water. 5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in architectural acoustics; unit of
sound in the term of reverberation.
Latent heat. heat due to changing state of that substance.
Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected soundwaves resulting from a single initial
Latent heat of evaporation. change is from liquid to gaseous state. sound pulse.

Latent heat of fusion. change is from solid to the liquid/liquid to the solid state. Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound level is everywhere the same.

Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission, and effect of sound waves. 3 Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay so
elements: as to be perceived as a sound distinct from the directly transmitted sound.
1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable.
2. Path. transmission of sound. Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface.
3. Receiver.
Background noise.
Sound:
1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic medium like air. Masking noise (acoustic perfume).
2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.
Noise. unwanted sound.
Parts of sound:
1. Frequency. Decay time. reverberation time.
2. Velocity.
3. Wavelength. Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the source has stopped; due to repeated
reflections of the sound remaining between the enclosing surface.
Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon (determines the
pitch of a sound); number of displacement or ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second; unit of Structural noise. structural borne transmission.
frequency: Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch; normal ear
responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz. Multitudes of frequency Air borne noise. air borne transmission.
(components):
1. Low. Absorption. sound energy being absorbed.
2. Medium.
3. High. The best sound absorber is people.

C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second. Generation. is the source of sound.

Focusing. concave dome sound reflection. Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface.

Foci. sound foci, focusing. Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave surfaces and build up.

Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each complete cycle of vibration; the distance Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise reduction of a particular construction.
between layers of compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
406322306.doc
Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct contact with a vibrating source or is struck
by an impulsive force.
Materials can be absorptive or reflective.
Fire safety:
1. Fire and smoke proof passages.
2. Standpipe locations.
3. Accessibility for the disabled.
Mechnical equipments:
Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors.
Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time.
Accumulation:
Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a refrigerant circuit to reduce
pulsation.
Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.
Air-conditioning. the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
cleanliness, distribution, to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.
Barometer. instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Boiler. a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or vaporized.
Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the absolute external pressure
at the liquid vapor interface.
Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor.
Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.
Condenser. a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which vapor is liquified by removal of heat.
Convection. transfer of heat by movement of fluid.
Cold pockets. draughts/drafts in air condition.
Duct. tube or channel through which air is conveyed or moved.
Damper. a device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Desicant. any absorbent/absorber, liquid or solid that will remove water vapor from a material.
Engine. device for transforming fuel or heat energy into mechanical energy.
Generator. basic part of absortion systems; provided with means of heating used to drive refrigerant out of
solution.
Filter. a device to remove solid material from a fluid.
Heat. the form of energy that is transformed by virtue of a temperature difference.
Horse power. unit of a power in foot-pound-second system, work done at the rate of 550 feet pound per
second or 33,000 feet pound per minute.
Hooper. an inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue.
Humidity. water vapor within a given space.
Induction. the entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air stream discharging from an air
outlet.
Appliance. a utilization equipment, generally industrial, built-in, standard form and size, installed as a unit to
perform one or more function. (such as washing, cooking, mixing, etceteras).
Askarel. a synthetic non-flammable insulating liquid, which when decomposed by electric arc, evolves only
non-flammable gaseous mixture.
Branch circuit. is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device protecting
the circuit. Types:
1. Appliance. only for appliances.
2. General purpose. for appliances and lights.
3. Individual. for one equipment only.
Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures divided by open space or by fire walls.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit
automatically or a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its
rating.
Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building wires in concealed raceways
are considered concealed even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device which establishes the connection
between 2 or more conductors or between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means of mechanical
pressure and without the use of solder.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined manner, the electric power
delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system under consideration.
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of which the conductor of a circuit can
be disconnected from their source of supply.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate intervals
of:
1. Load and no load.
2. Load and rest.
3. Load, no load, and rest.
406322306.doc
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance
by a person. It is applied to parts not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated.
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment and the branch circuit overcurrent device.
Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between and electrical circuit or
equipment and earth, or some conducting body which serves in place of the earth.
Grounded. connected to the earth.
Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical opening or space.
Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase difference between voltage and
current.
2. Underground system.
Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the main street.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the face or
back or both, switches, overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a heater element in addition to and
affecting a renewable fusible member whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short circuit
currents.
Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross section in one second.
Volt. unit of electrical potential.

Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lampholder, a lighting fixture, or a pendant OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current (DC), unit of impedance due to
and terminating in a lampholder. friction in the conductor for alternating current circuit (A C).

Location. 3 types: Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source of electricity to and through some
1. Damp. electrical device and back to the source.
2. Dry.
3. Wet. Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at constant time rate.

Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed to hold conductors and attachments Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically varying in time rate and in direction.
plug receptacles, assembled in the field or at the factory.
Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified or change to direct current.
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply utilization equipment.
Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same current.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly in the form of a single panel.
Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is connected between the same 2 points.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of metal conduit, rigid, non-metallic,
flexible metallic tubing, cellular concrete/metal flow raceways. Abbreviations:
DS. downspout.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of power, etceteras. FD. floor drain.
CB. catch basin.
Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment to a flexible CISP, DH.cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
cord. CISP, SH. cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed. Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
D C O, WP. duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
Terms for transformer to water heater: VSTR. vent stack through roof.
PVC. plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the wiring PS. product safety.
system of the premise supplied. GIP. galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
ASTM. American system testing material.
Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a cable. FM. floor mounted or flush mounted.
SM. surface mounted.
Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street main, or from transformers to the PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
service equipment of the premises supplied. CISP. cast iron soil pipe.
RMP. registered master plumber.
Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or other aerial support, to and including NAMPAP.
the splicer (if any), to the service entrance conductors at the building/structure. CLFS. Chief of the local fire service.
CAA. civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports).
Service entrance conductors. 2 types: PPA. Philippine ports authority.
1. Overhead system. NPCC. National pollution control commission.
406322306.doc
RSC. Rigid steel conduit. G E.
Ckt. circuit. Westinghouse.
KVA. Kilovolt per ampere. Asia Brown Boviry.
KWA. Kilowatt per ampere. Transformer:
PEE. Professional electrical engineer. Philec.
IIEE. Institute of intigrated electrical engineer. G E.
BTU. British thermal unit. Westinghouse.
PME. Professional mechanical engineer. Lighting fixture:
PSME. G E.
RHW. Moisture and heat resistant rubber. Philips.
T. Thermoplastic. National.
TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic. Switches/C O:
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. National.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic. Veto.
THWN. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. Ever.
XHHN. Moisture and heat resistant cross-linked thermosetting polythylene. Rectifier:
SA. Silicone-asbestos. National panasonic.
AVA. Asbestos and varnish Cambric. Elevator:
Fuji.
Brand names: Hundai.
Otis.
PVC: Kone.
Atlanta. Goldstar.
Emerald. Westinghouse.
Moldex. Hitachi.
Neltex. Mitsubishi.
Standard. O & K.
RSC: Escalator:
Matchusita. Otis.
Triangle. Westinghouse.
Korea. Goldstar.
Pusan. Hitachi.
IMC: Mitsubishi.
Matchusita. Air Conditioner:
Maruichi. Fedders.
Nippon. Westinghouse.
Setsuyu. Carrier.
EXT: Condura.
Maruichi. Allen air.
Matchusita. National Panasonic.
Junction box: Daikin.
Sun bright. Amona.
Timco. Water heater:
Rheostat (beamer): National.
G E. Westinghouse.
Ever. Sprinkler heads:
Circuit breaker/panels/control: Globe.
Ever. Fire alarm:
Fujihiya. Nohmi Bosai.
Westinghouse. Galvanized iron:
Wire: Goodyear.
Columbia. Super.
Phelt dodge. Apo.
Duraplex. Meayer.
Generator set: Little giant.
406322306.doc
Cast iron: Electrical outlet:
Dong tek. Wall clock:
Asa. Fan outlet:
Silva. Outlet for vapor discharge lamp:
Plumbing fixture: Exit light outlet:
Saniwares. Ceiling fan outlet:
American Standard. Junction box:
Kolher. Pull switch:
Briggs. Lamp holder:
Plumbing accessories: Lamp holder with full switch:
Gerber. Drop-chord equipped.
Zuechetti. Blanked outlet:
Great volume. Universal outlet:
Clean outs: Incandescent light outlet:
Metma. Flourescent light outlet:
Asa. Telephone outlet:
U S.P.
Valves and controls: Convenience outlets:
Great volume.
Crane. Duplex C O:
Kitz. Water proof convenience outlet:
Clayton. Weather proof C O:
Keystone. Weather proof duplex C O:
Toyo. Switch and duplex outlet:
Range outlet:
Symbols: Heavy duty outlet:
Duplex C O split wire:
Ceiling receptacle: Special purpose:
C O wall outlet: Floor outlet:
Vertical lines-wall. Radio C O:
Horizontal lines-terminal. TV C O:
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp: Floor outlet:
Fan outlet: Lamp holder with pull switch:
Flourescent: Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):
Suspended lamp: Flourescent lamp:
Heavy duty: Outlet with blank cover:
Pinlight: Junction box:
Eyeball pinlight: Special purpose outlet:
Flood light: Range outlet:
Circuit line for lights:
Circuit line for C O: Switch outlets:
Master switch: S/S: single pole/togle switch.
Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater: S1,2: double gang light switch.
Washing machine: S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
OKT (2 wire OKT): 2SW: two way switch.
OKT (3 wire OKT raceway): 3SW: three way switch.
Switch: S1. SD: automatic door switch.
a. S2W. 2 way. SWD: weather proof switch.
b. S3W. 3 way. Sp: switch and pilot light.
c. S4W. 4 way. Sf: fused switch.
Bell: SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
General outlets: SwcB: weather switch.
S. Single pole switch.
Outlet: S2. double pole switch.
406322306.doc
S3. 3 pole switch. Horn:
S4. 4 pole switch. Nurse's Signal Plug:
SD. Automatic door switch. Maid's Signal Plug:
SE. Electrolier switch. Radio Outlet:
SK. 4. 4 pole switch. Signal Central Station:
SD. Automatic door switch. Interconnection Box:
SE. Electrolier switch. Battery:
SK. Key Operated Switch. Auxiliary System Circuits:
SP. Switch and Pilot Lamp.
SCB. Circuit Breaker. Panels, circuit, and miscellaneous:
SWCB. Weatherproof Circuit Breaker.
SMC. Momentary Contact Switch. Lighting panel board:
SRC. Remote Control Switch. Power panel:
SWP. WEatherproof Switch. Pull box:
SF. Fused Switch. Controller:
SWF. Weatherproof Fused Switch. Transformer:
Weatherproof service entrance:
Auxilliary systems: Electric motor:
Circuit homerun:
Push button: Service entrance:
Smoke fire alarm: Water pump outlet:
Buzzer bell: Underfloor duct and junction box:
Bell: International access symbol for telephone:
Annunciator: International access symbol for elevator:
Outside telephone: Lightning Panel:
Interconnecting telephone: Power Panel:
Telephone switchboard: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Ceiling or Wall:
Telephone outlet: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Floor:
Bell-ringer transformer: Branch Circuit; Exposed:
Maid's single plug: Home Run to Panel Board. Indicate number of Circuits by number of arrows:
Interconnection box: Feeders:
Battery: Underfloor Duct and Junction Box. Triple System:
Motor: Generator:
Main connecting switch: Motor:
Electric door opener: Instrument:
Surge arrester: Power Transformer:
Lightning arrester: Controller:
Ground: Isolating Switch:
Fuse cutout:
Push Button: Plumbing:
Duzzer:
Bell: Gate valve (screwed type):
Annunciator: Globe valve (screwed type):
Outside Telephone: Angle globe valve plan and elevation:
Interconnecting Telephone: Float valve:
Telephone Switchboard: Union screwed:
Bell Ringing Transformer: High pressure steam in heating and ventilating piping:
Electric Door Opener: Thermostat:
Fire Alarm Bell: Refrigerator:
Fire Alarm Station: Heating and ventilating symbol for condenser water flow:
City Fire Alarm Station:
Fire Alarm Central Station: Draw:
Automatic Fire Alarm Device:
Watchman's Station: Switch with cover:
Watchman's Central Station:
406322306.doc
Convenience outlet: 110 millimeters diameter 45 degree bend, S P branch:

G I elbow: 110 millimeter diameter by 110 millimeter diameter branch single wye 45 degree:

G I street elbow: 110 millimeter diameter by 75 millimeter diameter branch single 45 degree (wye reducer):

G I union: 2 inches by 4 inches utility box with 1 and a half diameter K O:

Cross section of a check valve: Entrance cap, 3w:

Cross section of a foot valve: L B condulets:

Float valve (side view): Pigtail, electrical socket:

Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water closet (cross section): 3 spool electrical post bracket:

G I waterplug: Flat head wood screw:

G I water pipe cap: Sheet metal screw:

Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C: Countersunk rivet:

1/2 inch diameter by 2 inches G I close nipple: Turnbuckle, stub ends:

Hose bibb: Profile of a recessed type swimming pool gutter:

Siamese connection to a dry standpipe: Plan of turnstile, rigid arm type traffic control:

Diagram of a fire hose rack to a dry standpipe connection, identify and label fitting: Cartidge fuse, knife blade contact:

Typical connection of a 1/2 inch diameter RSC to a metal utility box, label connectors: Plug fuse:

1/2 inch diameter P V C elbow (for conduits): R S C locknut and bushing, show how it is used:

Porcelain split knob with wood screw (x-section): 4 inches by 4 inches octagonal utility box with 1/2 inch diameter K O:

Ceiling light receptacle, S M (x-section showing electrical wire in mica tube): Armored cable, 3w:

Ceiling light receptacle, F M (x-section showing utility box): 110 millimeters diameter soil pipe, S H:

Duplex convenience outlet, S M: 110 millimeter diameter 1/4 bend, D H, sanitary pipe fitting:

2 gang toggle switch, F M: 110 millimeter diameter 1/4 inch bend. sanitary pipe fitting:

Duplex convenience outlet, F M/W P: 110 millimeter by 90 millimeters double wye; reducer:

110 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, D H: 2 inches by 1 and a half diameter tap tee:

50 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, S H: 1/2 inch diameter G I union patente:

Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter P V C D S and 110 millimeter 3/4 inch diameter by 1/2 inch diameter G I coupling reducer:
diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):
110 millimeter diameter clean out, C I S P fitting:
Typical sprinkler head of quartzoid bulbs:
50 millimeter diameter u-trap, P V C soil pipe fitting:
406322306.doc
 32 millimeter diameter by 25 millimeter diameter socket reducer:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground floor and with fire hose attachment
in upper floors up to 5th floor: G I nipple 5 inches long:

V T R using C I S P as vent pipe, roofing is of corrugated G I sheet on wood purlins/rafters. show G I coupling:
waterproofing:
G I tee reducer:
Connection of service wires to R C column.
1/4 bend elbow D H:
Connection of hot and cold waterlines:
Machine bolt:
Acoustic ceiling:
2 inches C W nail:
Acoustic wall:
Button head cap screw:
Carpet connection to floor:
Olive knuckle butt hinge:
Oval sink:
Cabin hook:
Escutheon:
Septic vault for 4 br residence for 10 people:
20 millimeter diameter female threaded adaptor UPVC water pipe fitting:
Draw a toilet and bathroom with WC, shower bath, lavatory, and floor drain with plumbing lines in plan and
Carriage bolt: isometric:

Lag bolt: Elevator:

Grease trap: Escalator:

H & B connection with rubber ring: Standard water closet:

Turnbuckle with hook and eye ends: Gate valve:

Oval head wood screw: Globe valve:

Oval head stove bolt: Single pole single throw switch:

Siamese connection, triple roof manifold: @ pole single throw switch.

Concealed siamese and wall hydrant (show face only): 3 pole and solid neutral switch (3P & SN):

Condulet: Single pole double throw switch.

Catridge fuse ferrule contact: Single pole double throw with center off position (in control work called a hand off automatic switch):

Hair pin cold cathode lamp/tube: Use of 2 single pole double throw (3 way) swithc for switching of a lighting circuit from 2 locations:

Connection of water line from main to house: B.E.:

Connection from main to water service meter with saddle clamp: The National Electric code is concerned with safety electrical installation only and is not intended as design
specifications nor an instruction manual for untrained persons.
Male threaded adaptor:
An ordinary flashlight dry-cell battery will, if fresh, develop only approximately 3 1/2 to 1.5 volts.
20 millimeter diameter end pipe:

406322306.doc
The amount of electrical current in amperes depends on the number of electrons flowing fast a given point
in one second. Alvar Aalto. Architect of Baker Dormitory, Boston.

The constant speed in electricity at which power flows, is the same as the speed of light, or 186,000 miles PVDC. Plastic pipe.
per second.
Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the air; Control moisture in air.
It is a known fact that the greater the current in a wire, the greater the voltage drop and the greater the
power loss in the form of heat. Candle power. unit of illumination.

The septic tank is a device to expedite the decomposition. Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for sewers and drains.

The material most commonly used for waste, soil, and vent installation in plumbing system is the black iron.
Acid resistance pipe usually is an alloy of black iron and sulphur.
The gases which occurs in public sewage system is caused by the decomposition of organic material within
the sewer itself.
Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an added procaution against water
pollution.
Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by means of ventilation.
A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.

It is not permissible to discharge large volume of storm water into a septic tank.
Flourescent lamps can also operate even if the voltage is considerably below their rated voltage.
Carbon Monoxide. Fire extinguishment.
Guy. Tension wire.
Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay soil where natural drainage terminal
is available.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary treatment of sewer.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a manner as to allow raw
contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.

Rubber. Insulating material. Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.

Damper. Valve for controling air flow. Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.

Silver. Best conductor of electricity. Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.

Bidet. Plumbing fixtures. Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.

Air conditioning. Freon gas. Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere through jets.

Conduit. PVC. Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which operation is infrequent.

Trap. Plumbing device. Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of wastes in modern building.

Decibel. Sound energy. Number 14. minimum size of conductor allowed for housing wiring.

Parallel. Electrical wiring connection. Caulking. a term for plugging an opening with oakum and lead that are pounded into place.

BX. Armored cable. The quality of light is measured in terms of Lumens.

Vent pipe is a pipe provided to ventilate a house drainage system and to prevent the trap siphonage from
Grille. Air conditioning part. other fixtures to the house drain; is that portion of the drainage installation designed to maintain
atmospheric pressure, and prevent trap seal loss.
Ferrous Bicarbonate. Iron found in water.
Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly manufactured in length of 10 feet.
Algae. Odor in water.
Siphonage is caused by plus pressure, responsible for trap seal loss.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Architect of Imperial hotel, Tokyo.
Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets with or without
Yamasaki. Architect of the world trade center. additional drain.
406322306.doc
Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body waste to the plumbing system.
Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.
Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage of sewer air.
Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the frequency of starting and stopping
the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.
Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to direct current.
Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the field by means of a bell and battery
set.
Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door to the floor at
the bottom of the hoistway.
Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance suspended scenery or the like.
Air-motor. air operated device used to open or close a damper or valve.
Wattmeter. device to measure electric power.
Safety switch. protects equipment and appliances in case of current fluctuation.
Volt. electric pressure measurement.
Thermostat. device sensitive to change in temperature.
Pressure gauge. water pressure instrument.
Mica. material which can best withstand high electricity.
Slate. poorest conductor of electricity.
The flow of electricity is measured in ampere.
Surface water produces insolubility in soaps and incrustation of pipes, while ground water possess opposite
characteristics.
Rain water is adapted for washing but not for drinking.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well carrying an appreciable amount of lime.
When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story building, flush valve W C and
urinals can be installed in all floors.
Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe permits its use for hot and cold water
supply systems.
One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is thye presence of pinholes in the walls of
a cast iron pipes used in the system.
Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks.
Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a cast iron pipe.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every meter and should be connected to the
house sewer of the same size.
Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.
4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types:
4 favoring factors for using fliament over flourescent lamp lighting:
4 disavantages of PVC compared to metallic conduit pipes:
4 electrical equipments that requires independent circuits:
The velocity of sound waves depends on the elasticity and density of its medium. they travel fast in steel.
Common material that has the least coefficient for sound absorption is metal.
In a room with concave walls, the reflected sound will produce echo.
A vital consideration in securing good acoustics in a room is shape of the room.
Automatic sprinkler systems operate under a control of electrical process.
A coil of electric wire is called a solenoid.
Semi-direct lighting units are appropriately used for classrooms.
Indirect lighting units are appropriately used for offices.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is lumen.
406322306.doc
The reflection of light is influenced by the color as well as the smoothness of the surface, pink is the color
that reflects more light. Absorption. diffusion of sound.

Lumen meter. instrument that indicates light intensity in foot candles. Distortion. resonance in sound.

Clay tiles. roof covering material that allows the least flow of heat through the roof due to solar radiation. Vibrations. characteristic of sound.

Air conditioning. modern method of controlling various factors in order to obtain indoor conditions satisfying In the installation of a gate valve, either end may be used as inlet.
human comforts and health.
Pipe fitting may be of different material is the pipe.
The split type of air conditioning is best suited for theaters.
MWSS requires its commodity users to install water meters in order to identify illegal users.
The sides of A C rectangular ducts should not have a greater ratio of widths than 4 to 1.
Other public water supply, the MWSS is also involved in limited piped sewer collection.
Elevators in building are subject to the registration and inspection by the office of chief of fire department.
Mixing valve is a supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.
Escalators are appropriate for department store type of establishment.
T fitting should never be used with pipes carrying sewage.
Freight elevators are normally required for airports.
No vent stack or branch should have a diameter of less than 1/2 that of the soil or waste stack served.
For elevators, the balance weight of the car usually equals the weight of the car plus 40 percent of the car
capacity. No stack serving a water closet shaould have less than 100 millimeter diameter.

The landing zone for an automatic type of elevator car is 200 millimeters above and below a landing. Windows. most satisfactory air outlet for natural ventilation.

Cable. Major part of elevator. Saturation. amount of water vapor with a given amount of air.

Rheostat. controls speed of motor. In a centralized air-conditioning system, air that should not be criculated are those coming from kitchen.

Safety. codes, ordinances and standards. In hospital air-conditioning, separate units should be provided for operating room.

M G set. part of elevator machines. The direct expansion system system of air-conditioning is best suited for theaters.

Damper. regulates supply of air. A ray of light is reflected in one definite direction when it strikes a surface lined with aluminum.

Baffles. directs the flow of air. In school buildings, the room that requires magnitude of illumination is the gymnasium.

Thermometer. responds to change of temperature. Freedom from variation in degree of illumination in a room means diffusion.
Uniformity of distribution, color, quality and case of control of light distribution are some points in favor of
Filters. electronic or mechanical. flourescent lamps.
Mechanical. ventilation for toilets.
Special installation requirements for sprinkler system includes sloping water proof floors with floor drains.
Candle power. Light unit intensity.
Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings that has low water pressure.
Lumens. light unit quantity.
Vertical pipes extending from the basement to the top floor with outlets for attachment of fire hose in every
Filament lamp. direct lighting. floor is called stand pipe.

Flourescent lamp. indirect lighting. Elevators may be classified according to several schemes and one of them is car capacity.

Thermostat. determines moisture content of air. Escalators are best suited and installed mostly in stores.

Loudness. transmission in sound. A major part in any elevator installation is the pit.

Reverberation. reflection of sound.

406322306.doc
When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will continue, such lingering sound Faucet. also called bibb or cock.
is called reverberation.
Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a preset limit.
In an auditorium, the best sound absorber are the audience.
Shower head. in a shower bath, a device through which water is sprayed.
Time of reverberation is less in a room that is with convex walls.
Nipple/coupling. a short length of pipe with threads at each ends.
On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is converted to heat and is thus
absorbed. Tapped tee. a bell end tee which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting.

Knobs and tubes. open wiring installation. Sump pump. a pumping device used to lift sewage to a higher elevation.

Locknut and bushing. metal conduit installation. Pipe chase. a continous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etceteras.

Adaptors. PVC conduit installation. Soil stack. a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from toilet fixtures.

Fuses. renewable or one time. Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors.

Selonoid. coil of electric wires. Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden stoppage of flow.

Underground. service entrance. Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.

110 to 220 volt. 3 wire service drop. Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing system to the point of connection for the
fixtures.
Electrical code. safety.
Rain leader conductor. same as downspout.
Tungsten filament. incandescent lamp.
Water meter. a device for measuring water volume.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
Check valve. permits passage of water in one direction only.
Volatage regulator. limits surge voltage on equipments.
Circuit. a continouse electrical path.
Intercom. master and slave station.
Current. unit of measurements is in amperes.
Motor generator. alternator.
Resistance. measured in Ohms.
Utiltity box. for mounting light switches. Horsepower. equal to 746 watts.
Junction box. for mounting light outlet.
Junction box. location of splices, connections and taps.
Generator. charges storage batteries.
110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor in the circuit.
Short circuit. cause fire or dangerous explosion.
Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Insulation. non-conducting material.
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch.
Clean out. a pipe fitting for cleaning pipe runs.
Air conditioner. required independent circuit.
Flush valves. a flush tank attached to a toilet bowl.
Storage battery. produces d-c current.
Corporation cock. a vlaved placed near junction with public water main.
Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways.
Waste pipe. pipe use for carrying waste or storm water.
Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes
Dry well. same as cesspool.
Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
406322306.doc
 National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to ensure that plumbing installation
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning. conform with the demands of hygiene and comfort.

Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an electrical circuit.
Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to.
Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit.
Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for
the purpose of making a joint.
Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures branches is supplied by gravity from
an elevated tank.

Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit. Tap. a connection to a water supply main.

Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits. Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float.

A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one. Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint 2 pipes.

Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical process. Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge from a septic tank.

Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water. Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a column of water of a given height.

Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment. Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of which can be turned.

The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material is called specific gravity. Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting stream of water commonly used for sink
faucet.
Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally satisfactory.
Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower.
Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design that adds to its decorative aspect.
Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.
The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice that of a filament lamp.
Grounding system. Protects life property from damage.
In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and wall outlets and baseboard
receptacles installed instead. Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit.

The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building is part of an architect's Capacitator. charges storage batteries.
professional service. Conduit. protects electrical wiring.

Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a soil pipe. Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative loops.

Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient functioning of a plumbing system. Direct current. flows in one direction only.

Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but may be used with vent pipes. Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit.

Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same line. Rheostat controls intensity of current flow.

Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and lavatory fixtures. Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.

Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter measurements. Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance.

Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature. Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection in an electrical circuit.

Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installation for issuance of permit; is a registered Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected completing its path to the source of supply.
with the PRC is the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation work of a building project.
Relay. stores electric charge.
Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in joints of G I pipes.
Toggle switch. lever actuated.

406322306.doc
Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor. Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.

Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit. Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by siphonage.

Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the different floors of a building. Water table. ground water level.

General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely with flourescent lamps because they are
most economical to operate than incandescent lamps.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by lightning stroke, lightning arresters are used on
structures of buildings.
Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of electricity usually expressed in amperes.
Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current.

A portable instrument called an illuminometer indicates directly in foot candles the intensity of light falling Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated giving an audible signal and a visual indication
upon a surface. when energized by pressing a button.

Sound absorption is the process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat.waves travel much Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of current.
faster in air than in steel.
Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans when the electrical works exceeds 5
In elevator installation, the counterweight prevents the falling down of the elevator car. kilowatts load as per philippine electrical code.

The machine room in elevator intallations may be placed on top of the shaft or in the basement. Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.

A thermostat is an instrument which responds to changes in temperature and directly or indirectly controls 60 hertz. the frequency of the electric power generated in Metro Manila.
temperature.
Diffuser is a device, object or surface that absorb light or sound from a source.
Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to an air conditioned space.
Dimmer is a device which varies light intensity of a light source.
Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.
Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a particular object or draw attention to a particular
Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack. area.
Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect lighting unit s requires more wattage
Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes. than the indirect lighting system.

Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe. Cold air can hold more water than hot air.

Service cock. normally installed before water meter. Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for structure 6 or more stories in height.

Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter. Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important when considering the
construction of an auditorium or music hall.
Coupling. for hot and cold water connection.
An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good acoustics; however when acoustically corrected is
Storm drain. for conveying rainwater. practically independent of the audience.The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the discharge
outlet.
Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection.
Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Unit of resistance is called Ohms.
Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is called lumen.
Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow.
The unit of illumination is called candle power.
Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work.
Cathode is component of flourescent lamp.
Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer.
Pressure releif valves are safety device for water heater.
406322306.doc
 Speed of sound is faster in gas.
Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to prevent moisture condensation.
Unpainted bricks produce better acoustics.
Loudness is a measure of the magnitude of sound.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
The pitch is a measure of highness or loudness of sound.
The cost of maintenance of split type aircon is lower than a unit window type.
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installations for purpose of searching permit.
Ball cock. a float vlave with spherical float.
Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents corrosion.
Angle valve. controls the direction of water and controls it.
Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and wash posterior parts of the body.
Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and magnesium on water.
Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used especially in hospitals.
G I pipes. lead caulked joints.
Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of sewage.
Pneumatic tank. avoids construction of tower and longer supply lines.
Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors for emptying parts of the dirty water.
Corporation cock. vlave placed near junction with public main.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing stream of water.
Filter. usually not included in plumbing works.
Cap. a fitting for closing the end of a pipe.
Check valve. automatically closes when reversal of water flow.
Panelboard. for control and protection of branch circuits.
Outside leaders. pipe used to carry waste or storm water.
Circular mill. equals an area of .00051 square millimeters.
Pressure regulator. a valve to discharge excess water pressure.
Frequency. expressed in hertz.
Grease trap. necessary for residence with septic tank.
Voltage. voltage at supply end less than at load end.
Globe valve. the same end must be used as inlet.
Volts. product of amperes and ohms.
City engineer. the city electrivcian's office is under this department of the city of manila.
Insulators. rubber, porcelain, or glass.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
Conductors. copper, aluminum, or silver.
2 conductor splice. 2 or more individually insulated electric conductors having a common outer protective
Short circuit. heat developed resulting to fire. covering of metal.

Feeder. wire from Meralco pole to building attachment. Close circuit. a continous electrical path.

Friction tape. provides adequate insulation to splices of conductors. Power. watts / volts times voltage.

Service entrance. point of delivery of power from service company. Lightning is conceived as an integral parrt of the architectural design, an element of the structure.

Neutral wire. usually are not to be fused. A good example of rheostat is a dimmer.

Wiring plan. for purchasing materials and installation. Wet stand pipe is not required in a building with automatic sprinkler system.

Resistors. controls flow of current in an electric current. Electronic and communication engineer sign and seal for buildings having more than 5 telephones.

Chimes. connects to any power branch circuit. When 2 elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they can be located in 1 hoistway.

The visible output of light is measured in foot-candles. Incandescent bulb/lamp. a lamp from which light is emitted when a tungsten filament is heated to
incandescence by an electric arc.
406322306.doc
 Baffle. a single opaque or translucent element to shiled a source from direct view at certain angles or
Transformer. a device with 2 or more coupled windings, used to convert a supply of electric power at one absorb unwanted light.
voltage to another voltage.
Ballast. device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for starting and
Dumbwaiter.a small car to deliver materials. operating.

Every 3 meters of a horizontal pipe shall be anchored. Brightness. luminance.

Sources of water supply: Candela. unit of luminous intensity.

1. Surface water.
2. Ground water. Candle power. luminous intensity expressed in candelas.
3. Atmospheric water.
Coefficient of utilization. ratio of the luminous (flux) from a luminaire received on the work plane to the
Potable water. water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes annd shall meet the lumens emitted by the luminaire's alone.
accepted standard of purity required by the health department having authority.
Daylight factor. ratio of the daylight illuminance on a plane to the exterior illuminance on a horizontal plane
Types of sewage: from the whole of an obstructed sky of assumed of known luminance.
1. Domestic sewage.
2. Industrial or trade sewage. Diffuse reflection. process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles.
3. Storm water.
Diffuse lighting. light that is not predominantly incident from any particular dirction.
Types of sewers:
1. Sanitary sewer. Diffuse. device to redirect light or scatter the light from a source primarily by the process of diffuse
2. Storm sewer. transmission.
3. Combined sewers.
Direct-indirect lighting. variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaires emit little or no light at
Alternating current. is a current that changes both in strength and direction in a given time. angles near the horizontal.
Shunt. The conductor of each branch. Flush mounted or recessed. luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire flush
with the surface of the ceiling.
Types of mounted transformer:
1. H frame. Footcandle. unit of illumination.
2. Cluster mounted.
3. Pad mounted. Gklare. sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater than the luminance to
which the eeyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility.
Electro magnet. is essentially a coil of wire in which the magnetic circuit is partly or entirely completed
through a magnetic material such as iron. Illuminance. the density of the luminous flux incident on a surface.

Guide shoes. are fastened to car frame and counterweight at top and bottom. They fit guide rails. Louver shielding angle. angle between the horizontal plane of the baffles or louver grid and the plane at
which the louver conceals all objects above.
Safety. is a device incorporated in the bottom beam of the car frame and counterweight. Exerts retarding
force in case of overspeed by gripping guide rails. Lumen. unit of luminous flux.

Limit switches. are automatic devices which stop the car within the overtravel, independently of the Luminaire. complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to
operating device. distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply.

Tension sheave. gives stability in governor's rope. Luminance. photometric brightness. the luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of
projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction.
Landing zone. is 18 inches above or below the landing.
Luminous flux. the time rate of flow of light.
Absorptance. ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.
Lux. the metric unit of luminance, 1 lux is 1 lumen per square meter.
Accent lighting. directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part of the field of
view. Mercury lamps. electric discharge lamps in which the major portion of the radiation is produced by
excitation of mercury atoms.

406322306.doc
Rapid start fluorescent lamp. one designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the application of high voltage.
XHHW. Moisture and heat resistant cross linked synthetic polymer.
Shielding angle. angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight at which the
bare source first becomes visible. MTW. Moisture, heat and oil resistant thermoplastic.

Surface mounted luminaire. one mounted directly on the ceiling. PFA, PFAH. Perfluoroakoxy.

Suspended (pendant) luminaire. one hung from a ceiling by supports. TFE. Extruded polytetrafluroethylene.

3 common type of plastic: TA. Thermoplastic and asbestos.

1. ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
2. PE polyethylene. TBS. Thermoplastic and fibrous outer braid.
3. PVC and CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
SIS. Synthetic heat resistant.
Caulking sleeve. a C I fitting used to join galvanized screw pipe to C I soil pipe
MI. Mineral insulated (metal sheated).
Water test. a test to determine whether there are leaks in a system of pipes.
UF. Underground feeder and branch circuit cable single conductor.
AC. Armor clad.
USE. Underground service entrance cable single conductor.
MC. Metal clad.
SA. Silicone.
MI. Mineral insulated.
FEP, FEPB. Flourinated ethylene propylene.
NM or NMC. Non metallic sheathed cable.
FEPW. Modified flourinated ethylene propylene.
SNM. Shielded non metallic sheathed cable.
Z, ZW. Modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
SE. Service entrance.
V. Varnished cambric.
USE. Undergrounf service entrance.
AVA, AVL, AVB. Asbestos and varnished cambric.
UF. underground feeder.
A, AA, AI, AIA. Asbestos.
TC. Tray cable.
Color code of pipes:
FC. Flat cable. 1. Potable water. blue.
2. Electric conduit. orange or light gray.
MV. Medium voltage. 3. Industrial system. Gray.
4. Communication cable. Yellow.
RH, RHH. heat resistant rubber. 5. Sewage system. orange brown.

RHW. Moisture-and heat resistant rubber. Rigid type:

1. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
RUH. Heat resistant latex. 2. CPVC. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
3. UPVC. unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
RUW. Moisture resistant latex rubber. 4. PP. Polypropylene.
5. ABS. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
T. Thermoplastic. 6. SR. Stylene rubber plastic.

TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic. Flexible type:

1. PE. Polyethylene.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic. 2. PB. Polybutylene.

406322306.doc