Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ministry of Environment
Planning Commission of Pakistan
IUCN Pakistan
22 October 2009
Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 1
2.1.2. Issues 7
2.1.3. Opportunities 11
2.2.2. Issues 13
2.2.3. Opportunities 14
3. The Programme 16
4. Programme Implementation 20
4.2. Outcomes 20
5.7. Sustainability 36
Annexes
I. Logical Framework Matrix
II. Terms of Reference for Programme Positions
III. Overall Year-wise Budget and Work Plan
IV. Partner-wise Budget
1.1. Background
Pakistan has achieved an impressive level of economic growth. However, this growth is coming at a
price. It is estimated that environmental degradation costs the country at least 6% of GDP,
translating to about Rs. 365 billion per year (World Bank 2006). For the current level of growth to be
sustained, it will be necessary to protect the environment and better preserve the country’s natural
resources. There are two very effective tools available that can help achieve sustainable
development, i.e., EIA and SEA.
EIA is the process of assessing the environmental effects of proposed projects, in order to identify
opportunities that avoid or mitigate the negative impacts in the project design, and to inform
governmental decision-making on the project. EIA was introduced as a requirement in Pakistan
under Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) 1983. Later PEPO was replaced by
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 (PEPA’97), which further strengthened EIA as a legal
requirement and also introduced IEE / EIA Review Rules 2000. It has come a long way since then, but
there is still ample scope to strengthen its practice. Although some landmark projects (e.g. oil and
gas development in Kirthar National Park) put EIA in the limelight and helped recognise the
importance of the EIA process, the momentum created towards the betterment of EIA in the country
could not be maintained for certain apparent reasons.
SEA, on the other hand, is somewhat new to Pakistan. Like EIA, SEA aims to integrate environmental
considerations into decision-making. But while EIA is applied at the project level, SEA is applied
during the development of policies, plans and programmes. SEA complements the planning process
with a solid assessment of environmental considerations, as well as identification of the inter-
linkages with social and economic considerations. Because there is great variation in the types of
plans and programmes to which SEA could be applied, it is not represented by one specified
procedure, but a range of analytical and participatory approaches. Some of the key advantages of
applying SEA to the planning process are as follows:
SEA gets in earlier so that the strategic actions can influence the type of projects to be
implemented.
SEA deals with impacts that are difficult to consider at the project level. It deals with cumulative
impacts of multiple projects, as well as the larger scale impacts such as those on biodiversity or
global warming.
SEA promotes a better consideration of alternatives. SEA affects the decision-making process at
a stage where more alternatives are available for consideration.
Over the years orientation workshops on SEA have been organised in Pakistan for government,
private sector, civil society and academia, to raise awareness on SEA as a tool and a process.
Currently, there is a need to take SEA forward in Pakistan in a more programmatic manner, to
explore its potential as deterrence against environmental degradation at the planning level.
The Programme that is presented here has the dual aim of improving the practice of EIA in Pakistan,
and introducing SEA into development planning in the country. The Programme approach includes
an analytical (inception) stage, during which the status of EIA practice will be closely analysed, and
the most promising opportunities for SEA will be identified. The following (implementation) stage
concentrates on the development of tools, on capacity building, and on undertaking pilot SEAs and
EIAs that demonstrate the value of good practice.
To be most effective, SEA and EIA should be part of a sound environmental management system
that includes components such as enforcement and environmental monitoring. Also, there needs to
be a general level of awareness on the need to protect resources, and a willingness to give it priority.
This Programme intends to build on the significant efforts that are currently underway to improve
Pakistan’s environmental management system. It will also benefit from the growing awareness of
environmental effects that is the result of increasing availability of information on the state of
Pakistan’s environment.
In essence, this Programme is very timely and this view is shared by the various stakeholders that
were consulted during the preparation of the Programme. The stakeholders also responded
positively to the overall Programme approach. The consultation process included a workshop, a
range of meetings, and distribution of the draft proposal for comments. Consultation also ensured
that the Programme is coordinated with other activities in the environment sector.
The proposed Programme is further explained in subsequent sections. A detailed description of the
problem analysis, the Programme approach and implementation arrangements are given, in addition
to elaborated Programme planning and monitoring arrangements. A report on the consultation
undertaken has already been shared with EKN.
NIAP is a unique initiative which intends to use a multi-pronged strategy to improve effectiveness of
EIA and introduce SEA in the country. The Programme involves interventions at the policy level
through introduction of SEA, capacity building at all levels and sectors, development of tools,
procedures and mechanisms, improved understanding of impact assessment processes, and
advocacy.
Some of the key reasons which make NIAP unique, as compared to previous and current initiatives,
and for donor involvement are as follows:
1. Since the enactment of PEPO 1983 and later PEPA 1997, GoP has been investing regularly on
strengthening the EIA process in the country, through establishing EPAs at the federal and
provincial level, strengthening the legal regime (IEE/EIA Review Rules 2000), preparing
implementation tools (IEE/EIA guidelines for difference purposes), building capacity of EPAs,
and raising awareness. GoP has undertaken these initiatives from various sources, including
using its own money, and grants and loans from different institutions and donors such as
World Bank, Swiss Agency for International Development (SDC) - sub-sectoral guidelines
under Programme Support for Northern Pakistan (PSNP) - and Embassy of the Kingdom of
3. In the past, World Bank provided support to the EIA process in the country through
Environmental Protection and Resource Conservation (EPRC) project which helped in the
preparation of PEPA’97 and in strengthening of EPAs. In 2006, the World Bank released
Pakistan Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report which also looked at the EIA
process in the country critically. However, except for the Embassy of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, no donor is providing support towards the improvement and strengthening of
the EIA process in the country or introduction of SEA in Pakistan.
4. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) also support the EIA process in the
country by ensuring that the EIA process is followed in projects funded by them. However,
so far no programme has focused on combining policy level interventions (SEA) with the
ground level implementation (EIA), developing tools and mechanisms to supplement
capacity development, and working with multiple sectors and players to improve EIA process
in the country. This multi-pronged strategy is the key to a well balanced and effective
programme, and NIAP has adopted this approach.
5. Unlike earlier initiatives, NIAP aims to employ a combination of planning and project level
interventions to strengthen the EIA regime in Pakistan. Until and unless issues are addressed
at the planning level, it is difficult to have an effective EIA process in the country. It is due to
this very reason that NIAP intends to introduce SEA at the planning level to address issues at
the source, rather than focusing on end-of-the-pipe treatment, which has proved to be not
very effective in the past.
6. Majority of the previous initiatives on EIA improvement have focused on and been with the
MoE. However, not much attention has been paid on other ministries and institutions which
have high stakes in the EIA process, such as the Planning Commission and the Planning and
Development (P&D) departments; they have not been involved in the initiatives on EIA
improvement. NIAP is planning to use a very different approach. It intends not only to
strengthen MoE, but also other relevant institutions which can play a very significant role in
7. In the past, majority of the initiatives have only worked with the government institutions
and have not adequately involved civil society, private sector or academia. NIAP intends to
involve all relevant sectors which have stakes in the EIA process. IUCN Pakistan, as a partner
in NIAP, will not only bring in the civil society perspective but will also serve as a bridge
between the government and other sectors. The Programme will also build capacity of all
the relevant sectors so that they can play their assigned role effectively in the EIA process.
8. One of the key strengths of NIAP is that it pays considerable emphasis on the development
of tools and mechanisms which have not been paid much attention to in the past. Except for
the Environmental Protection and Resource Conservation (EPRC) Project, majority of the
initiatives have only focused on capacity development, and that too primarily of MoE. NIAP
realises that capacity development of the relevant institutions alone would not be very
effective until and unless the relevant tools, procedures and mechanisms are strengthened
and developed. NIAP is also the only initiative which plans to improve institutional
coordination between federal and provincial departments, which is necessary for effective
implementation of EIA in the country. Similarly, EIA review mechanism, which is the
backbone of the EIA process, will be strengthened under NIAP.
9. The involvement of NCEA as a technical partner in the Programme, gives NIAP a unique
edge, which other programmes have lacked. NCEA is a very competent and world renowned
impact assessment organization with vast experience in supporting similar programmes in
other parts of the world. Hence, their involvement will be a key factor in the effective and
quality delivery of the Programme.
NIAP will be led by GoP and managed by IUCN Pakistan. The main Programme partners from the
government are MoE (Pak EPA and EW) and PC. In addition, the NCEA will be providing technical
assistance, where needed, through its own resources whereas the Programme would have to bear
only the cost of other international consultants engaged to support NCEA in meeting its obligations
under the Programme.
The Planning and Development Division (P&DD) / PC has played a key role in putting the country on
the sustainable development path. P&DD was the main force in the preparation and approval of
National Conservation Strategy (NCS), which represented the official policy document by GoP on
environment, before the approval of the National Environment Policy 2005. In the early 1990s,
P&DD showed its commitment to streamlining environment in the GoP planning processes, through
creation of the Environment Section (ES). Considering SEA's focus, P&DD is certainly the logical home
of SEA.
MoE has an integral role to play in the overall Programme as it is mandated to be the guardian of the
country’s environment. MoE strives to implement the environmental policies and legislation of the
country, and ensure that mainstream development in the country is environmentally sustainable. It
also possesses the necessary legislative (e.g., PEPA’97) and physical infrastructure (e.g., EPAs) to
effectively oversee the process of SEA introduction in GoP’s planning processes.
Pak EPA, functioning under MoE, represents the main federal institution responsible for
implementing PEPA’97. The Agency also provides technical assistance to MoE for the formulation of
environmental policies and programmes. Pak EPA, supported by its provincial counterparts, and the
EPAs of Northern Areas (NAs) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) represents the designated
authority for the review of EIA reports and monitoring compliance with environmental rules and
regulations. As such, it is the most appropriate department within MoE to undertake the
implementation of NIAP.
The Ministry contemplates strengthening the linkages amongst its various parts to effectively pursue
the integration of environment and economic development. To this end, work remains to be done in
creating the necessary awareness not only among people but also among the authorities responsible
for enforcing PEPA’97. In particular, this warrants increasing the outreach of the Programme and
involving the federal and provincial EPAs through MoE. The capacity of the federal and provincial
EPAs, and the coordination among them, remains weak and is a major impediment in effectively
implementing PEPA’97.
NCEA is an independent expert body that provides advisory services on environmental assessment.
Since 1987, it has a legal status to act as an independent advisor in Dutch EIA and SEA processes.
Also, since 1993, it provides advisory services in the context of international cooperation. These
services include advice on Terms of Reference (ToRs) and reviews of environmental assessments for
complex plans, programmes and projects. NCEA also contributes to strengthening of impact
assessment systems and capacity development, for both EIA and SEA.
The work of NCEA is based on two principles: expertise and independence. Its advisory services are
provided in the context of national legislation and regulations for environmental assessment.
However, if these are not available, international norms and standards are applied. In 2006, NCEA
prepared just under 160 advisory reports on Dutch EIAs and SEAs. In the international context, 25
advisory reports have been prepared.
IUCN Pakistan brings unique leadership and technical qualities to this Programme. It is acutely aware
of the need to engage and work with mainstream development planning processes in Pakistan, as
the environment is directly and indirectly impacted by economic and social development sectors.
IUCN Pakistan engages the government at the national and sub-national levels, as well as with the
larger civil society. It brings two main qualities to this initiative: leadership in advocating for
environmental policy through dialogue, interaction and consensus building with various actors; and
support to the implementation of environmental policy by providing assistance in policy and
legislative reforms, capacity development, environmental assessment, awareness, education and
selected field projects.
EIA and SEA represent very effective tools for environmental screening at various levels of decision
making. Unfortunately, one of the critical handicaps to the implementation and enforcement of EIA
and SEA is that many higher level decision-makers see environmental considerations as an
impediment to economic growth. This is not unique to the Pakistani context, but it is particularly
pronounced here due to the current emphasis on economic growth. In addition to raising awareness
on the importance of environmental goods and services, there is a need to produce and provide
decision makers the information that clearly illustrates the economic repercussions following
environmentally unsound decisions. Such information is more likely than any other to capture their
attention and influence the decision-making process favourably.
The Programme builds on the existing experience with EIA and strategic planning within Pakistan.
This chapter gives an analysis of this experience, and identifies opportunities for strengthening both
areas. Following is a brief situational analysis of EIA and SEA in Pakistan.
EIA has come a long way in Pakistan, after becoming a legal requirement under the PEPO’83.
Pakistan was among the first countries in the region to frame an environmental legislation in 1976–
77, but due to the political situation in the country, it took another seven years before the first
environmental ordinance was enacted, in 1983. As shared earlier, following the promulgation of
PEPO’83, the Environmental Assessment Guidelines was prepared in 1986 to support the EIA process
in the country.
In the late eighties and early nineties EPAs, both federal and provincial, were established, along with
other supporting infrastructure. In addition to the federal and provincial institutions, AJK EPA was
established in 1996 and NAs EPA in 2002. Later, PEPA’97 was enacted and replaced the existing
PEPO’83 and subsequently IEE / EIA Review Rules 2000. Other supporting rules and regulations were
notified in 2000.
To strengthen the capacities of the newly established EPAs, the World Bank funded the EPRC
project. The project was quite successful in enhancing the capacities of staff and providing material
resources (laboratory equipment, computers etc.). It not only helped in establishing EPAs, but was
also very instrumental in making EPAs technically competent. The staff members were trained,
keeping in view the technical competence required by each EPA. Once the project ended and the
second phase of the project did not materialise, realising the importance of the initiative GoP
absorbed a significant number of staff hired under the project, to keep the teams intact. It must be
mentioned here that GoP has technical cadre staff in each department which does not get
transferred and stays in the parent department, to provide the necessary technical support.
In 1999, Pakistan Environmental Assessment Association (PEAA) was established to improve the
impact assessment resource base in the country and provide technical backstopping and support to
the EPAs. PEAA is a neutral forum of EIA practitioners and academics that aims to provide support to
EPAs in EIA implementation. It is established on the same pattern as NCEA. However, it is currently
inactive and needs to be revived under NIAP.
This chronology indicates that Pakistan was well on its way to effectively establishing EIA systems in
the country. However, despite a robust start and all the hard work that followed, EIA has not been
able to accomplish its full potential of incorporating environmental concerns into development
planning. This is apparent from the results of, among others, the Pakistan Strategic Country
Environmental Assessment Report (World Bank / MoE GoP, 2006) and the Mid Term Report of the
Punjab Resource Management Programme (2007. A.F. Ferguson & Co Chartered Accountants and
Hassan & Hassan Advocates). Both documents include discussion and analysis of the legislative and
institutional mechanisms in place for environmental compliance. The common conclusion reached is
that although legislation and requisite enforcement systems are adequate, the primary reason for
non-compliance and the resultant environmental degradation is ineffective implementation.
However, this does not imply that the enforcement systems cannot be improved upon, and so their
analysis is also needed. Interestingly, the Consultative Workshop held in Islamabad (on 21 March
2007) for the development of NIAP’s proposal also brought forth similar feedback from stakeholders.
2.1.2. Issues
1. Lack of understanding regarding EIA as a process: Although EIA is a ‘cradle to the grave’ type of
process, in Pakistan it is considered to be only a one-time activity. The main emphasis of EPAs
and proponents is to submit and get the EIA report approved. Once the report is approved and a
No Objection Certificate (NOC) has been issued, it is shelved and never revisited again to assess
the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) implementation. This is mainly due to poor
understanding of the purpose of the EIA and also lack of capacity of EPAs. In majority of cases in
Pakistan, EIA is done once everything has already been decided, and in many instances project
has started and is nearing completion, which defeats the purpose of an EIA. However, due to
various reasons, EPAs are left with no other option but to accept the EIA and also approve it.
Although the private sector is complying with the EIA requirement to a certain extent, the public
sector in Pakistan is the most non-compliant among all sectors. A majority of the public sector
projects are not subjected to EIA process, which makes it difficult to implement the process in
the country.
Despite being a legal requirement in Pakistan for over twenty five years, EIA is still not a well
understood concept in the country. Even consultants and academics practicing and teaching EIA
are not fully aware of the concept and philosophy behind EIA. This is one of the reasons why EIA
has not been able to take root in Pakistan. Although several EIA workshops have been conducted
by different institutions in the past, many more workshops and seminars are needed still, to
enhance understanding on EIA, especially for the policy- and decision-makers who often
consider EIA an anti-development mechanism.
Although understanding on EIA has improved considerably over the years, there is still plenty of
room for improvement especially regarding sensitization of media, academia, judiciary and other
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 3.1, 3.4 and 3.7.
2. Inadequate institutional capacity: Though GoP has made consistent efforts to improve the
situation, weak institutional capacity remains the primary factor responsible for the
ineffectiveness of the EIA process in Pakistan. There are six EPAs functional in Pakistan,
including: Federal EPA, Balochistan EPA, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) EPA, Punjab EPA,
Sindh EPA, and NAs EPA; and AJK EPA. Although the staff strength of majority of EPAs is quite
impressive, very few are in the technical cadre and only one or two are responsible for the
implementation of the EIA process at a national or provincial level. In the Federal EPA, two staff
members are responsible for looking after the EIA process; in Balochistan there is one employee,
who has been recently transferred to the Governor’s Secretariat; in NWFP one staff member has
been assigned the job; Punjab has one staff member managing the job; Sindh also has one
employee hired for the task; and AJK has no one specifically. Considering the technical expertise
required and the numerous steps involved in the EIA process, one or two people are extremely
insufficient for effective and efficient implementation of the process. For EIA process to be
successful in the country, EPAs will have to designate more people to the EIA process, who will
subsequently be trained under NIAP.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 3.4 and 3.8.
3. Institutional coordination: One of the key issues vis-à-vis EIA process, identified at the findings
of the Consultative Workshop held in March 2007 for the development of NIAP’s proposal, was
the lack of coordination among the relevant organizations i.e. federal and provincial EPAs and
P&DD and provincial Planning and Development Departments (P&DDs). Interestingly, this was
pointed out by the relevant institutions themselves. The only EPA created under PEPA’97 is Pak
EPA and no provision for the provincial or territorial EPAs exists in the Act. However, realising
later that environment is more of a provincial than federal subject; the Government established
provincial EPAs and delegated some of the powers of Pak EPA to them. Despite provincial EPAs
being spin-offs of the federal EPA, no formal coordination mechanism exists between them. It
was pointed out at the meeting that it was the first time in many years that all EPAs assembled
under one roof. At some of the issues in the past (e.g. cement factories in Kahun Valley), there
has been considerable friction between the federal and provincial EPAs, mainly due to lack of
proper coordination mechanism. In addition to the need for improved coordination between
relevant EPAs and P&DDs, there is also a need for improved coordination between EPAs and
P&DDs, especially in the case of public sector projects. Improved coordination at provincial level
between provincial and district governments is also very essential. If a proper mechanism exists
at the appropriate levels, it will be useful in addressing environmental issues, particularly EIA
process implementation, more effectively.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under output 1.3.
4. Lack of accreditation system and capacity / quality of EIA experts: The weakest link appears to
be the EIA review process, which is mainly due to sub-standard EIA reports and inadequate
competence of consultants who produce those reports. It is a common belief that by improving
the EIA review system, we can automatically improve quality of EIA consultants and
subsequently EIA reports. However, it is also necessary to bring some type of quality control in
the consultants conducting EIA in Pakistan. One of the mechanisms used in other parts of the
world is accreditation of EIA consultants by the relevant authorities. At present, anyone can be
an EIA consultant in Pakistan, even if she/he has no relevant educational qualification, training
or relevant experience. Many problems that were encountered by the EIA system in Pakistan
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 3.6 and 3.10.
5. Inadequate EIA review mechanism, and relevant tools and procedures: Although the relevant
laws and rules pertaining to EIA process exist in the country (i.e. PEPA’97, IEE / EIA Review Rules
2000, sectoral and sub-sectoral guidelines), the mechanisms required to support the process are
either weak or non-existent, such as the EIA review process. The EIA review process can be
described as the backbone of EIA system in a country. The success of EIA process in any country
depends on the quality of the review process. Although a review process is outlined in the IEE /
Review Rules 2000, a proper review process does not exist, which is one of the main reasons for
ineffective implementation of EIA process in Pakistan. The existing process is mainly on
volunteer basis, where EIA reports are sent to a group of organizations and individuals on the
review panel who are requested to review the report pro-bono. However, since the review is
volunteer and not binding, majority of the members give the review a lesser priority, resulting in
very few quality reviews of the report sent to EPAs. Since EPAs lack the capacity, strength or
time, the review process has only become a formality and adds no value to the process. It is
therefore extremely important to develop a proper review mechanism which adds value to the
EIA process.
At present, no system is in place to review the EIA process in the country to identify weaknesses
and subsequently suggest corrective measures. Some reviews are held on and off under
different initiatives (e.g. Pakistan Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report) to review
the exiting system and point out weaknesses in it. However, none of these reviews have gone far
enough to suggest practical corrective measures which can be put into implementation by the
relevant authorities. It is therefore utmost necessary to have a dynamic review system
developed which is undertaken at regular intervals to assess the health of the EIA process in the
country.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5.
6. Public hearings / consultations: Public participation in the EIA process has also been a
misunderstood concept. Instead of being taken in its true spirit, it only represents a mandatory
requirement of the process. Furthermore, the proponents choose to share only selected
information during stakeholder consultations, which raises the expectations of communities.
Unfortunately, these expectations are seldom met, causing not only disillusionment but also
outbreak of violence occasionally. The lack of transparency in the process has resulted in
stakeholders losing their confidence in public participation.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5.
8. Lack of capacity of relevant stakeholders: The capacity of relevant stakeholders, i.e. civil society
(particularly media), private sector and academia, has been a major factor in the ineffectiveness
of the EIA process implementation in the country. Although the civil society, especially media,
has played an important role in successfully highlighting inadequacies of the EIA process in the
country (e.g. oil and gas exploration in Kirthar National Park, New Murree housing scheme,
cement factories in Kahun Valley) which has received positive results, the civil society has
generally not played the watchdog role it is expected to play. This has mainly been due to lack of
capacity of the civil society organizations in the country on technical issues, such as EIA. Over the
years, civil society has matured and has started to deal with issues on technical grounds and is
thus gaining respect in the government and other sectors. Some sections of the civil society have
moved from being confrontational and creating issues out of nothing, to being responsible and
taking united stance on issues of national importance; they basing their campaigns on solid
technical grounds. However, such organizations are few and the majority of the civil society
continues to be on the confrontational path, and is still emotional in nature. Since technical
capacity of majority of the civil society is very limited and at times non-existent, it results in
misunderstanding of the technical issues, with wrong stances taken, at times protecting vested
interest groups. The other factor is the silence of academia in addressing environmental and
other social issues. It is mainly due to their perceived understanding that their only role is to
impart education and conduct research; somehow they have not been able to understand their
wider role in the society, which includes application of their knowledge to the issues confronted
by the society. In the case of environment in general and EIA in particular, academia has not
emerged as a major stakeholder and has not been able to provide the necessary technical advice
or guidance, when needed. One of the key reasons of this behaviour is the lack of capacity of the
academia itself. Therefore, it is of utmost important to strengthen civil society, academia and
other players, through trainings on EIA and other technical matters, so that they can play their
assigned role effectively.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 3.1–3.4, 3.7, 3.8.
9. Poor quality of EIA education: In Pakistan, very few tertiary level institutions offer courses in
EIA. Often, quality of the course material is poor and outdated. Majority of the instructors are
academic, with no practical experience and without current updates on the latest developments
in EIA. There are no training institutes which provide quality training on EIA. Off and on,
international organizations organise one off trainings which some of these consultants and
students attend. They consider these trainings to be enough to qualify them as consultants and
trainers. However, there are some quality consultants with sound educational background and
considerable experience in EIA, but these are very few. To be able to promote EIA in Pakistan, it
is absolutely necessary to improve quality of EIA trainers and course material. Until and unless
the quality of EIA training in the country is improved, it would be very difficult to improve EIA
implementation in the country.
Another significant factor contributing not only to the poor quality of EIA reports but also to the
apathy of consultants who produce these reports is the lack of capacity among stakeholders to
understand and comment upon the documents. The consequent dearth of meaningful feedback
does little to provide any impetus to consultants for improving the quality of EIA reports. The
other reasons for poor quality of feedback from public hearings are: medium of EIA report is
English and not in any of the local languages; location of public hearings is usually quite far from
the project site where the actual affected people cannot reach easily; only positive aspects of
the project are presented to the public and at times exaggerated especially when it comes to
providing employment to the local population; negative aspects of the project are not presented
Solution: The solution to this issue under NIAP is provided in output 3.7, 3.8 and 3.10.
10. Ineffectiveness of Environmental Tribunals: Although judicial activism in the country has
resulted in several Sue Moto actions for environmental protection (e.g., New Murree Project),
the Environmental Tribunals (ET) established under PEPA’97 are almost dysfunctional. Initially,
two tribunals were established – one in Lahore to support Northern Pakistan (i.e. NWFP, Punjab
and NAs) and one in Karachi to support Southern Pakistan (i.e. Balochistan and Sindh). Later,
tribunals were set up in all provinces, but they are not very effective so far the main reason is
that not many people are aware of ETs and even if they do know that ETs exist, they do not
know how to register cases. Most people still take the route of normal courts, which defeats the
reason for establishing ETs. The other problem is that judges appointed in ETs are not very
knowledgeable about environmental issues in the country and have not been very proactive.
Thereupon, it is utmost necessary to study the ETs in the country and build capacity of the
judges appointed in ETs. Likewise, building capacity of lawyers is also very essential.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under output 3.5.
2.1.3. Opportunities
Globally, the use of EIA is strongly recommended by Agenda 21. The enforcement of international
agreements (e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity) and the accelerating scales and rates of
environmental deterioration and resource depletion, considerably higher now than when EIA was
initially introduced, have greatly augmented the significance of this tool.
Also, Pakistan’s NCS advocates the use of EIA as a tool for environmental screening. A further
testament to GoP’s commitment to mainstreaming environmental concerns in development
planning (in other words introducing SEA), is the objective of NEP 2005, which aims “to integrate
environmental considerations in policy making and planning processes”. NEP also lists “integration
of environment into development planning” as one of the key policy instruments for achieving the
policy’s objectives. This entails, among others, the following actions (NEP 2005, MoE, GoP):
EIA related provisions of PEPA’97, would be diligently enforced for all development projects; and
SEA would be promoted as a tool for integrating environment into decision making.
Consequently, all national and provincial level policies and plans currently being formulated
recommend EIA screening of new initiatives.
The decisions of the Executive Committee for the National Economic Council (ECNEC) dated 2004
and 2006 also reinforce the importance being given to EIAs by the government. Both decisions make
the inclusion of EIAs mandatory for all eligible projects at the time of submission of proposals.
Many donor funded initiatives aimed at strengthening the government’s ongoing EIA related
responsibilities are currently underway in Pakistan. These include Japan International Cooperation
Agency’s (JICA) effort to increase the monitoring capacity (including environmental reporting) of Pak
EPA, and several World Bank and ADB funded programmes. One example of such is ADB’s Punjab
Resource Management Programme, the Mid Term Report of which has been referred to earlier. ADB
has also introduced Third Party Monitoring (TPM) in Pakistan, under its Emergency Earthquake
Assistance Programme and engaged IUCN Pakistan as the third party monitor. Other donors, for
The environmental safeguard policies of most donors and multilateral and bilateral funding
institutions now require compliance with national EIA legislation. In fact, the Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA) also necessitates compliance with Canadian EIA legislation, for CIDA
funded projects.
The combination of all these factors provides a very conducive environment for the initiation of a
nationwide Programme to support impact assessment. In terms of EIA, the advantages are that the
requisite legislation, infrastructure and institutions are already in place and functional. The need is
to strengthen them and streamline their implementation. The discussions that took place at the
Consultative Workshop for NIAP’s proposal development clearly exhibited the high level of support
of all stakeholders and partners, and their awareness on the need to address EIA for achieving better
and sustained development.
SEA is currently not a legal requirement in the Pakistan and to date no formal SEA has been
undertaken to assess the environmental repercussions or effects of policies, programmes or
development plans. In fact, during the past 63 years, many policies and programmes, including those
at the sectoral level, have been developed in complete isolation from one other, without
participation and with limited analysis of the possible effects. This has led to environmental
degradation and extensive costs to a country that is largely natural resource based. One such
example is the Power Policy for Independent Power Producers of 1994. The policy gave blanket
exemptions to independent power producers, such as no restriction on site of the plant, and
permission to use any fuel (i.e. furnace oil, diesel, natural gas). Such exemptions undermined
PEPO’83 and also the spirit of EIA. This resulted in setting up of several power projects without
submission of any EIA.
Since the advent of participatory strategy development processes in 1992 in Pakistan, manifested by
NCS, participatory processes on plans, policies and programmes have become increasingly
acceptable. This philosophy is a fundamental part of SEA and provides opportunities for public
involvement. More recently, and because of a more effective environmental lobby and concerns for
environmental issues, Pakistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) was also subjected to an
informal SEA, the result of which was the inclusion of poverty-environment linkages in the final
document. Additionally, environmental issues regarding trade are also on the rise and are providing
space for further ascendancy of SEA.
The continued acceptance and undertaking of participatory approaches presents an evolving path
for the incorporation of SEA in Pakistan’s planning processes. In 2005, P&DD developed their five
year development framework document, the Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF),
which provides a guideline for translating the national development vision, the VISION 2030, into
action during 2005-10. MTDF includes policy solutions for sustained high long term economic
growth. It aims to consolidate macro economic stability and rationalise the public–private mix in the
development process. The Framework contains a chapter focusing on environment, which was
developed following an extensive consultative process initiated by P&DD, and involved civil society
organisations, private sector and environment specific government departments. After a
In Pakistan, steps have already been taken to understand and explore SEA. This has largely involved
holding awareness-raising workshops for various tiers of decision-makers in key divisions /
departments, e.g., P&DDs, at both federal and provincial levels. A South Asia regional SEA workshop
was jointly organised by PC and IUCN in Islamabad in 2000, with the assistance of the Government of
Netherlands. The workshop was conducted by SEA experts from NCEA.
More importantly, SEAs are being initiated in Pakistan by agencies other than those which are part
of GoP. The recent Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Study for Pakistan undertaken by
the World Bank in collaboration with MoE, GoP, also reviewed the EIA process in the country and
highlighted the need to introduce SEA in development planning in Pakistan. Currently, World Bank is
undertaking SEA on the National Trade Corridor Improvement Programme. The Bank is also planning
to conduct SEA of mining plans and programmes in Balochistan. Furthermore, with reference to the
Asian region, ADB is promoting SEA in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), through its Core
Environment Programme (CEP). ADB are also planning to promote SEA as a planning tool in other
Asian regions. Under NIAP, GoP can engage with regional initiatives and benefit from them.
2.2.2. Issues
Following are some of the issues associated with the introduction of SEA in Pakistan:
1. SEA is a new tool and more complex than EIA and is not understood by many, in Pakistan.
Majority of the environmental professionals still think of it as a product and not a tool or a
process. The tool and materials with specific context to Pakistan are also not available. For
instance, the World Bank prepared its Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report to
highlight key environmental issues in Pakistan. Since the name of the report had strategic
environmental assessment in it, many professionals and decision-makers during the initial
consultations for NIAP argued that since SEA has already been undertaken by the World Bank
there is no need to introduce SEA in Pakistan.
When IUCN started conducting orientation workshops on SEA in nineties, many argued why
introduce SEA when EIA is still very weak. Similar arguments were also given when initial
consultations for the development of NIAP were undertaken. However, on the contrary, the
argument given in SEAs support is that the introduction of SEA will take considerable pressure
off EIA process. The reason being projects resulting from policies, plans and programmes
developed through SEA would take care of major environmental issues which later have to be
addressed at project level when at times it is too late.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under outputs 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.3.
2. Although SEA is not a legal requirement in Pakistan, it can be argued that in the long run it is in
the benefit of SEA implementation in Pakistan. It is counter productive to make tools such as SEA
a legal requirement without fulfilling the pre-requisites such as understanding of the tool among
decision-makers, judiciary and other relevant stakeholders, and required capacity within the
country (e.g. consultants / experts, EPA officials) to implement the tool effectively. This problem
is being encountered by China and Vietnam where SEA is a legal requirement but not enough
understanding and expertise within the countries to implement it effectively. On the other hand,
NIAP’s approach is to address the pre-requisites first before jumping into the legislative part of
it. One of the main areas the Programme will address is the institutionalisation of SEA in the
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under output 2.4 and 3.2.
3. Another constraint in realisation of the need for SEA is lack of capacity within the public sector
as well as civil society. The relevant government officials are not aware of the tools and
techniques to be used for conducting SEA and such expertise is also almost non-existent in
impact evaluation experts outside the public sector. The media and judiciary, which play the role
of a watchdog, are also deficient of adequate understanding of SEA. Hence, there will be need to
make concerted efforts to build capacity of these relevant stakeholders.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under output 2.5, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,
3.9 and 3.10.
4. Although Planning Commission is the hub of planning in Pakistan, other ministries and provincial
governments are not only involved but prepare their plans and programme which are later
approved by the respective federal or provincial Planning and Development Division
/departments. This is an issue when it comes to institutionalising SEA at all key levels of Planning
in Pakistan. This issue can be resolved through formation of a multi-disciplinary Task Force on
SEA which has representation from federal and provincial governments and also other major
sectors i.e. civil society, private sector and academia. This will not only make the process
inclusive, it will also assist in effective integration of SEA at all levels of planning in Pakistan.
The proposed actions to address this issue are covered under output 2.3.
2.2.3. Opportunities
Due to the initiatives mentioned above, and the level of awareness that has been established, a
momentum for formally introducing SEA in Pakistan’s development planning process has been
created. Although ECNEC’s decision (mentioned previously in the context of EIA) is EIA specific, it
also underscores the importance being attributed to impact assessment by GoP. Additionally, the
interest of donors, such as EKN, in supporting SEA related initiatives provides further incentive to
embark upon interventions such as NIAP. The need is to capitalise on this momentum and utilise it
optimally for instituting SEA in Pakistan.
Awareness of the economic value of environmental goods and services, including both the costs and
the benefits associated with conservation, is also on the rise. This awareness is largely confined to
water resources and loss of agricultural production but nevertheless presents an important aspect of
SEA acceptance. SEA can be used to make more meaningful economic arguments to decision-
makers, by presenting links to sustainable development concerns, particularly poverty reduction.
Therefore, macroeconomic and sectoral policies, prices and markets can be formulated in ways that
consider impacts as well as investment in conservation and sustainable use of environment in
support of sustainable development and poverty reduction.
Equally importantly, environmental policy initiatives show a growing willingness on the part of
government agencies, private sector and the civil society to work together. While this would not
have been possible without direct financial support to the government, the drive towards much of
this action has come from civil society. IUCN has been advocating on various forums on the need to
develop policies, plans and programmes which are complimentary, do not contradict other GoP
policies and legislation, and are environment and people friendly. This has gotten support of
government, civil society and private sector and has created a very conducive environment to
consider application of SEA in Pakistan’s planning process.
On the other hand SEA still needs to be introduced formally, through integration in the development
planning process. The acceptance and undertaking of participatory processes has in a way already
facilitated an informal introduction to SEA in the country. The proposed Programme seeks to build
on the participatory model, to advocate the formal introduction of SEA in Pakistan’s planning
process. GoP’s MTDF 2006-10 identifies SEA as an important tool, which needs to be explored for
inclusion in the country’s development planning process. GoP also seeks to further strengthen the
EIA process in the country by addressing key concerns at the policy level (through SEA), which at
times are difficult to address at the project level.
there will be more acceptance of government policies, plans and programmes among
people; and
planning will become more economically viable and cost effective in the long run.
The thematic scope of the programme is EIA and SEA. For EIA, the programme will cover the entire
process and its application to all levels of projects. However, considering the time and resource
limitations, EIAs of any mega-projects (e.g. large dams) will not be undertaken under the
programme. Only EIAs of small and medium sized initiatives, as agreed upon between partners, will
be undertaken as demonstration EIAs under the programme. SEA is currently applied on plans and
programmes and some examples exist where SEA has also been applied on policies. However, this
programme will only undertake SEA of plans or programmes, not policies.
Although there are several constraints in EIA implementation in the country, this four and half year
programme cannot address all those constraints during this short duration. It will primarily focus on
the improvement and development of tools and mechanisms which are necessary for better
implementation of EIA process and introduction of SEA in Pakistan. It will also focus on
strengthening the relevant institutions in the country which have a direct stake in the EIA and SEA
processes, with a specific focus on capacity development. The programme will also address
institutional strengthening, advocacy and awareness-raising through practical demonstration of EIA
and SEA processes.
The programme will work with the existing institutions and no new institutions will be setup under
this programme. The primary focus of the programme will be on those institutions which have the
mandate of EIA implementation in the country i.e. federal, provincial, AJK and NA EPAs, PC, and
provincial, AJK and NA P&DDs. In addition, the programme will also work with consultants, private
sector, academia, judiciary and civil society institutions. It is of utmost importance to build capacity
of EIA consultants for betterment of EIA in the country. Consultants will also be trained to be able to
effectively undertake SEAs, once introduced in Pakistan. Additionally, tertiary level academic
institutions will be targeted, since they are the nursery for impact assessment professionals in the
country. A lot of emphasis will be put on private sector which is the main user and beneficiary of an
improved EIA system in the country. The private sector also has a high stake in SEA since it will help
in taking pressure off EIA by addressing key issues at source, which will save private sector problems
at later stages. The programme will also involve chambers of commerce and industry to bring
majority of the private sector in the programme fold. Realising the importance of judiciary in
effective implementation of EIA and SEA processes, the programme will work with judiciary in raising
its understanding of EIA and SEA processes. Select civil society institutions will also be involved in the
programme with a direct stake in the programme.
Furthermore, the programme will work with other ministries and departments which have a direct
stake in EIA and SEA, such as Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Ministry of Industries,
Ministry of Communications and National School of Public Policy. However, to keep the programme
focused, the focus will remain on the direct beneficiaries as mentioned above.
The geographical scope of the programme is entire Pakistan (Balochistan, NWFP, Punjab, Sindh and
Northern Areas) and Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
EIA is a legal requirement under PEPA’97. Currently, in Pakistan EIA is the first and most effective
line of defence against environmental degradation as a result of development. Until and unless the
EIA process in the country is strengthened, it is highly unlikely that the environmental degradation
can be slowed or mitigated in the country. GoP has shown its commitment to the process by making
Globally, SEA is considered to be the first line of defence against environmental degradation,
because it addresses problems which can lead to environmental degradation at source. Majority of
the environmental problems currently faced by Pakistan are because of environment not taken into
consideration at the planning stage. If SEA is introduced, it will help address majority of the
environmental issues at source and will also take considerable pressure off EIA. GoP has included
SEA in MTDF, and as a partner in this initiative, GoP has shown its commitment towards considering
introduction of SEA in Pakistan.
The foremost beneficiaries, though indirectly, of this programme are the people of Pakistan who as a
result of the programme will have a safer and healthy environment to live in.
The programme will benefit the immediate beneficiaries of the programme through better
understanding of EIA and SEA processes, training and placement of competent staff to effectively
perform its functions, and strengthening of institutions to effectively implement and enforce EIA
process in the country. The programme will ultimately lead to consultants producing quality reports,
civil society organizations contributing positively through inputs in the process and as watchdogs,
academia producing quality graduates to be able to implement the EIA process in every area / sector
they choose to serve, and private sector able to comply and benefit effectively from the EIA process.
The main aim of the programme is to help beneficiary institutions get a better understanding of the
EIA process, understand their responsibilities and roles in the process, and build their capacities so
that they are able to effectively perform their respective functions in the EIA process.
The immediate beneficiaries of the programme are MoE, specifically EW Pak EPA, and provincial
EPAs; NAs EPA; AJK EPA; ES-PC, provincial P&D departments (Environment Sections), NAs P&D
department, and AJK P&D department; tertiary level academic institutions (institutions will be
selected at the beginning of the Programme); private sector through chambers of commerce and
industry; EIA consultants; judiciary especially ETs and civil society organizations such as IUCN (others
will be selected at the beginning of the Programme).
The other direct, but not immediate beneficiaries, include Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Resources, Ministry of Industries, Ministry of Communication and National School of Public Policy.
NIAP is a partnership programme aimed at strengthening EIA process and promoting SEA in Pakistan
through a dynamic partnership of public sector organizations – Planning Commission of Pakistan,
Ministry of Environment (Environment Wing, Pak EPA) and IUCN Pakistan. NCEA would have an
advisory role and will provide technical backstopping to the Programme. The Programme intends to
engage relevant stakeholders at both federal and provincial levels. At the same time, it would reach
out to judiciary /legal fraternity and academia to work seamlessly towards a common objective of
environmentally sensitive development in the country.
As mentioned earlier, the Programme approach includes an analytical stage, during which the status
of EIA practice will be closely analysed, and the most promising opportunities for SEA will be
identified. The following (implementation) stage concentrates on the development of tools, on
capacity building, and on undertaking a number of pilot SEAs and EIAs that demonstrate the value of
good practice. The Programme will conclude with an evaluation stage, in which the lessons learned
will be drawn out, and plans will be made for the future of SEA and EIA in Pakistan.
The inception period will be followed by a comprehensive three and a half year implementation
period. This period will focus on delivery of the detailed work plan developed at the end of inception
period.
The proposed approach for EIA differs from the one suggested for SEA. Since EIA regulation is
already in place, NIAP will focus on strengthening its implementation. However, for the SEA
component, the Programme will concentrate on demonstrating the value of the instrument through
pilots, and garnering the support of people who have positive experience with the tool and support
its wider application in Pakistan. Option of introducing SEA as a regulatory requirement will be
assessed through a study. Hence while the SEA pilots will introduce a new instrument, the EIA pilots
will serve to provide best practice examples for an existing instrument.
The Programme includes awareness raising and capacity building activities for both EIA and SEA. Any
guidance or information material that is developed in the course of the Programme can be tested in
the pilots being conducted. Conversely, the pilot cases will become illustrations for use in guidance,
and in awareness raising material and events.
The Programme intends to strengthen the existing institutions and will avoid creating any new ones.
Similarly the Programme will focus on the implementation of existing EIA law – no new law will be
drafted under the programme.
The following deliverable would be ensured during inception period (one year) of the Programme:
NIAP aims to contribute to sustainable development in Pakistan through strengthening of the EIA
process and introduction of SEA in development planning. Improved EIA will lead to more
environmentally conscious development at the project level, while the introduction of SEA will
facilitate improved planning, not only by the integration of potential impacts into plan development
and decision-making, but also through improved coordination between the authorities involved in
planning.
4.2. Outcomes
For any kind of management and continued improvement of EIA, it is necessary to have a good
understanding of how the process operates.
To map EIA process in a given country, NCEA has developed a methodology called “EIA-mapping”. It
consists of a two-day questionnaire based workshop with relevant stakeholders, and subsequent
analysis and discussion of the questionnaire results. It will be important that the results provide a
baseline against which improvement of the EIA system can be tested towards the end of the
Programme, and in future. This activity will be undertaken during the inception period.
The analysis will be followed by the development of guidance material and tools, to meet the needs
identified. It has become clear from the Consultative Workshop for NIAP proposal development that
there is less need for new guidance material on EIA, than there is for regularly updated material that
is illustrated with recent EIA cases. Web-based EIA resources might represent a suitable solution
here, since these can easily be updated and additional illustration material added when available.
Review of EIA studies has already been identified as a weakness in EIA practice, and will be
addressed directly.
Another practice challenge that has been identified, and will be addressed under Outcome 1, is
coordination on EIA between authorities involved in its implementation. Discussions at the
Consultative Workshop for NIAP proposal development indicated that special attention is needed for
enhancing such coordination between the provincial and district level, as well as between federal
and provincial level departments (i.e. between PC and provincial P&D departments, and Pak EPA and
provincial EPAs). Further, there is also the need for improving coordination between institutions at
provincial level, i.e., provincial P&D departments and EPAs. Since both of these departments are
involved in EIA implementation, it is crucial that strong coordination mechanisms exist between
them. Under NIAP, consultations will be undertaken and based on the results of these appropriate
Finally, the development of an EIA procedure performance monitoring system is proposed under
Outcome 1. Currently, EIA procedure monitoring does take place, but is limited to the collection of
basic data, such as the number of EIAs processed. The system set up under NIAP should aim to
provide information on the quality of EIAs, the level of participation, and the implementation of
mitigation measures identified in EIA reports. This monitoring system should become a structural
component of the EIA process in Pakistan, so that it can continually provide insight into the
evolution of EIA practice. It can also provide very relevant information to GoP for reviewing the
effectiveness of its environmental management system, and identifying policy priorities. The
monitoring system will also be used to assess any changes (positive or negative) in federal and
provincial EPAs’ EIA monitoring capacity.
Pilot EIAs
The various EPAs at the federal and provincial level are responsible for reviewing the quality of EIA
reports. Since the EPAs are constrained both in terms of human resource as well as technical
expertise, it becomes very difficult if not impossible, for them to adequately review all EIAs being
submitted. Especially in the case of complex public sector projects that entail significant
environmental and social impacts, thorough reviews are seldom undertaken.
The EIAs undertaken for piloting will be conducted by proponents and their consultants. The piloting
under NIAP will be for the review of the EIA reports and other components of the review process,
which will be done by the designated EPA. The EPA officials will be guided in the entire review
process through coaching and provision of technical expertise as a ‘training on the job’ exercise. A
total of two pilot EIAs will be undertaken during the Programme.
An overview of outputs, and their respective activities, under Outcome 1 is provided in Table 1.
Experience has shown that SEA is most effectively introduced through its practical application to
existing planning processes. When undertaking SEA pilots, the stakeholders and relevant decision
makers get an opportunity to be introduced to SEA in a guided learning-by-doing process. They gain
a good understanding of SEA and its added value to their planning process, and often become SEA
enthusiasts.
Therefore, the SEA activities in this Programme will start with the identification of opportunities for
the application of SEA to current practice. This activity will be initiated during the inception period.
The key activity to be undertaken is a study to understand Government of Pakistan’s planning
process at the federal, provincial and district levels. Since SEA of policies is more complex, time
consuming and experience in other parts of the world has been mixed, this Programme will only
consider plans and / or programmes for pilot SEAs. Although sectors for pilot SEAs will be selected in
consultation with partners and other relevant stakeholders, some of the sectors which could
potentially be good candidates for pilot SEAs are oil and gas, land-use planning, transport, trade and
power.
Assess the agencies that are interested to be involved in the process of SEA introduction; and
Identify a number of policies, plans or programmes of interested agencies that could serve as
subjects for the application of SEA.
During this analytical stage the Programme team will be closely following the SEA pilots being
undertaken by World Bank (see Section 3.4), which should provide relevant case material, and also
an opportunity to identify SEA champions in the Pakistani context.
The Programme will also include the development of guidance material on SEA. This material will be
based on existing good practice guidance that is available internationally, including the recent OECD-
DAC SEA guidance. In the beginning it will be adequate to adapt existing SEA guidance to the
Pakistani context (in the form of a manual), and make it available for pilot SEAs. Two pilot SEAs will
be conducted in NIAP. Pilot SEAs will be conducted of plans or programmes (not policies). Some of
the potential sectors for SEA pilots could be oil and gas, land-use planning, transport, trade and
power. The guidance material (manual) will be tested and subsequently improved and expanded
with more illustration and explanatory information to be drawn from the pilot SEA experiences. The
manual can be a ‘layered’ document, consisting of concise explanatory information, supported by
more detailed guidance on specific aspects of SEA, and should be made available on the web.
Towards the end of NIAP implementation, the Programme partners will hold discussions with
relevant stakeholders for introducing SEA as a legal requirement. SEA legislation ideally should be
based on the practical experience with SEAs to ensure that it is feasible, realistic and therefore more
effective. The Kiev SEA protocol and the EU-SEA directive can serve as a starting point for the
legislation’s drafting. At this stage, the institutionalisation of SEA will also be addressed. This will
include a clear division of responsibilities for different aspects of SEA, co-ordination and
communication mechanisms for SEA, and identification of SEA information sources within Pakistan.
Also under this Outcome, a SEA Task Force will be formed at PC to oversee the SEA pilots. The Task
Force will be established at the start of the SEA introduction process, and will be responsible for the
coordination and steering of SEA activities in Pakistan. The Task Force team will also act as trainers
for other staff in relevant agencies and will become the ambassadors for SEA within and outside the
government. Coaching of the SEA Task Force team and of the pilot SEAs will be conducted by a
University or Research Institute, preferably international with experience in SEA research and
implementation, together with the NCEA throughout the duration of the SEA introductory process.
The first year of the process will necessarily require more intensive and frequent coaching than the
latter years.
Pilot SEAs
The selection and execution of two pilot SEAs for plans and programmes is foreseen. Under this
programme policies will not be selected for SEA pilots mainly due to operational and technical
reasons. The criteria for the selection of pilots include the potential for SEA to influence the plan or
programme, the willingness of the plan owners to work with SEA and resources available for the
SEA. Although the sectors for SEA pilots will be selected in consultation with the project partners and
other relevant stakeholders, some potential sectors could be oil and gas, industries, minerals, trade,
and transport. The pilots will be spread out over the whole Programme duration.
In each pilot process the SEA should be carried out by Pakistani experts, either from the planning
team or external experts, or a mix of both. As much as possible, these experts should be coached by
experienced SEA experts during the pilot process. This will not only improve the SEA outcome, but
An overview of outputs, and their respective activities, under Outcome 2 is provided in Table 2.
Although improving understanding of the relevant stakeholders on EIA and SEA is also included in
this outcome, a greater focus of the activities is on decision makers (parliamentarians, bureaucrats);
officials involved in policy formulation and impact assessment practitioners (both in public and
private sectors).
An understanding improving Strategy will be developed in consultation with partners, which will
determine the mechanisms and tools (e.g. information material, website, use of printed and
electronic media, meetings and seminars) to be employed for each of the target groups. This output
will be achieved during the inception period.
PEAA is a national network of impact assessment professionals. Having a country wide outreach, this
organisation can provide an excellent forum through which impact assessment in Pakistan can be
promoted and capacity building initiatives launched. It can also serve as a neutral technical body,
such as NCEA, to provide advice on EIA and SEA processes and practices. Although functional, PEAA
requires strengthening, to be able to function as an effective institution and serve as a resource base
of impact assessment professionals in Pakistan. The capacity building component of NIAP will also
cater to this need. PEAA’s activities such as annual general meeting, conferences, seminars, PEAA
newsletter, and dissemination of information on good case examples would also be supported.
A number of targeted EIA and SEA activities are included in NIAP and are described below. Capacity
will also be developed through the EIA and SEA demonstration pilots conducted under Outcomes 1
and 2.
Human resource constraints in departments responsible for EIA implementation in Pakistan have
emerged as one of the primary factors responsible for EIAs' poor implementation. This was
increasingly apparent from the consultations undertaken for NIAP development, as well as in the
analysis of EIA practice in the Pakistan Strategic Country Environmental Assessment Report (World
Bank / MoE GoP, 2006).
NIAP can contribute to the capacity building of relevant departments by offering training and
coaching. It can also provide temporary human resource at different authorities to undertake EIA
activities. However, this capacity problem will need to be addressed more structurally. Before
embarking on any capacity building initiative, it is important to assess the existing capacity of each
partner institution. This will be done through a very comprehensive training needs assessment of all
partner institutions. Based on the findings of the assessment, a comprehensive training programme
will be developed. This activity will be undertaken during the inception period.
Experts will be engaged for the PIUs established in ES-PC, Pak EPA and EW-MoE, and will provide
assistance in the EIA process. Efforts will be made to enhance the strength of P&D departments and
EPAs, by hiring technically trained staff instead of transferring staff from other departments, which is
the usual procedure in most government agencies. However, initially only one EIA Expert will be
hired in Pak EPA. The remaining provincial EIA Experts will be hired during the implementation
period after understanding needs of the provincial EPAs during the inception period. Furthermore, a
close collaboration between EPAs and academic institutions will be promoted, to ensure a regular
source of trained personnel and expert advice.
A detailed capacity building programme for EIA related stakeholders would be developed based on
identified needs. At this stage the identified target groups include government officials, consultants,
academia, media and civil society organizations.
For regional coordination of training activities, the Programme will explore using existing knowledge
and information centres. For example, the EIA centre established by the NWFP EPA may provide a
useful venue.
Under Pakistan’s legislative system, ETs are now functional in all four provinces of the country, and
have a crucial role to play in enforcing the EIA regulatory framework. NIAP also proposes a training
programme for strengthening these Tribunals and related judiciary. The Pakistan Environmental Law
Association (PELA) is a very active civil society organisation that promotes continued development
and effective application of environmental laws in Pakistan. The organisation concentrates on
environmental law education and training, and environmental litigation. NIAP will collaborate with
PELA for the strengthening of ETs and for assistance in the legal aspects of EIA and SEA.
During the meetings held with various government departments and also in the Consultative
Workshop in Islamabad, suggestions were put forward for the introduction of an accreditation
system for EIA consultants. Although some workshop participants expressed their reservations
against such a system (for example the concern that education alone does not determine suitability
for EIA and practical experience may hold greater importance), it was agreed that an accreditation
system would help in bringing uniformity and quality to the EIA process, and its establishment
should be considered. Internationally, considerable experience exists with respect to accreditation
systems for EIA experts, both in developing and developed countries, which can be drawn upon for
instituting such a system in Pakistan. PEAA, which represents a national body of impact assessment
professionals, will be involved in the development and operationalisation of an accreditation system.
Initially, training and coaching will concentrate on the different stakeholders involved in the SEA
pilots.
One of the key principles of SEA good practice is that these assessments should be the direct
responsibility of the ‘owners’ of the policies, plans and programmes for which the SEA is carried out.
These institutions therefore should have sufficient knowledge, skills and capacity to conduct the SEA
process and carry out assessments. Five additional groups play an important role in ensuring that
SEAs play a meaningful role: local consultants, NGOs, academics, media and the court system.
Although the capacity of the last three groups will be developed further through other NIAP outputs,
such as 3.3 and 3.7, these groups will not be directly targeted for training. However, training
consultants to prepare SEAs, and strengthening civil society organisations including NGOs to speak
up during SEAs, is an important part of SEA capacity development by this Programme. Training of
consultants is required, because they are not used to drafting SEA reports, since it is not yet a legal
requirement in Pakistan. Hence, training for them will focus on preparing SEA reports. On the other
hand, NGOs should be trained on the role they can and should play in the SEA process.
The main focus of SEA trainings will include (a) scoping and integration of environmental
considerations into planning; and (b) decisions based upon SEAs are characterised by negotiations
between interested (government) parties. Training in negotiation can therefore be a useful means to
strengthen the position of negotiators who are responsible for environmental issues in the decision
The Programme will build on the available training material as much as possible. In particular, the
SEA training modules that have been developed by GTZ may be relevant. These are based on the
OECD-DAC guidance for SEA in development cooperation, which represent current research and
thinking in SEA. GTZ is currently looking for opportunities to apply the training modules in different
settings, in cooperation with NCEA and local trainers.
The SEA training programme will be staggered, which means that training will be offered to each
target group at the time when they are, or are about to be, confronted in practice with the specific
SEA aspects that the training addresses. This makes the training more pertinent to the daily work of
the training participants.
Academia can play an important role in promoting SEA in the country and in training qualified
personnel for relevant departments. Hence, efforts will be made under NIAP to involve the
academics in capacity building for both SEA and EIA. The curricula of select academic institutions
across Pakistan will be reviewed and analysed for incorporation of courses on impact assessment.
Later, such courses will be developed and introduced in these institutions.
In addition, activities under Output 3.10 focus on building linkages with international and regional
impact assessment institutions. This would help introduce current impact assessment research and
its application in Pakistan, and establishing networks, and exchanging experiences at the regional
and international level. Such linkages may also lead to joint initiatives / projects among regional and
international counterparts. These initiatives may include cooperation for the development of impact
assessment tools and guidance, sharing of expertise, collaboration for research in areas of common
interest etc. CBBIA project’s Asia component is a good example of such cooperation for
strengthening impact assessment practices through tools development. Under this project, experts
from five South Asian countries collaborated for the integration of biodiversity in EIA practice
through the development of EIA Practitioners and Reviewers Guide. The document has been
launched at the 2007 Conference of IAIA ’07. An international research conference on impact
assessment would also be helpful in bringing in new thinking and providing the local experts an
opportunity to interact with international expertise.
An overview of outputs, and their respective activities, under Outcome 3 is provided in Table 3.
Outcome 4: Effective programme management systems and mechanisms developed and put in
place
The institution of effective programme / project management systems is crucial to the achievement
of the objectives of the Programme. An Inception Workshop will be organised at the start of NIAP to
define implementation strategies and develop detailed work plans of all partners for the inception
period. The workshop will also discuss the modalities for the establishment of PCU within ES-PC,
PIUs (in IUCN, Pak EPA and EW-MoE) and the constitution of PAC and PMC to govern the overall
implementation of the Programme. Lead role for various outputs would be assigned to the
implementation partners and accordingly budget allocation would be made. At end of the inception
period another detailed work planning exercise would be undertaken, which would result in an
operational plan for the implementation period.
Comprehensive work planning would be an annual exercise, matching with the EKN’s requirement
for submission of the annual work plan, normally by 1st of November in the preceding year. The role
and responsibilities, and budget allocation for the implementation partners would be determined
through annual work planning.
An overview of outputs, and their respective activities, under Outcome 4 is provided in Table 4.
4.1. PIUs / PCU operationalised Establish PCU in ES and PIUs in EW, Pak EPA and IUCN,
(This output will be achieved in the including contracting and training staff
inception phase)
4.2. Implementation mechanisms for Organise inception planning and workshop
the programme instituted Institute and operationalise PAC
(This output will be initiated during Develop an overall work plan for the inception and
the inception phase) implementation periods and annual work plans
Develop and implement programme monitoring,
evaluation and reporting systems
NIAP includes a coherent M&E approach that will provide insight into the degree to which the
Programme is achieving results. Programme M&E will ensure accountability, informed decision-
making and learning. It will conform to EKN’s and IUCN Pakistan’s requirements and procedures.
PCU will be responsible for internal planning, monitoring and reporting. PCU will develop a
Programme monitoring framework, which will include but not be confined to the following:
Progress reporting on results on annual basis, employing detailed indicators (both quantitative
and qualitative);
Media analysis throughout the duration of the Programme to provide an overview of the
attention given to EIA / SEA in the media and the type of discussion / debate generated. This is
an indicator for the effectiveness of awareness raising activities.
It is planned that the continuous learning from Programme initiatives will feed into the design and
implementation of activities on an ongoing basis. Regular M&E of Programme implementation will
be carried out by PCU and augmented by M&E expertise from IUCN Pakistan Country Office.
In determining the implementation and execution modalities of NIAP, the following factors have
been taken into account:
The technical capacity, relevant field experience, cost effectiveness and past performance;
The existence and availability of managerial personnel and organisational support capacity to
carry out the functions associated with execution and implementation of the Programme; and
The Programme will be jointly implemented by EW-MoE, Pak-EPA (MoE), ES-PC and IUCN Pakistan.
NCEA will be the key international partner in this Programme. Its main role would be to provide
technical support to the programme. This technical assistance would be through NCEA’s own
financial resources whereas the Programme would have to bear the cost of international consultants
from NCEA’s network that will be engaged on need basis.
IUCN Pakistan will be entrusted with management of the Programme, assuming ultimate
responsibility for the achievement of Programme objectives. However, PCU will be housed in ES-PC.
Once the Programme is approved by the donor and a contract is signed, Memorandums of
Understanding (MoUs) will be signed amongst the four Programme partners (EW, Pak EPA, ES and
IUCN Pakistan), clearly specifying the functions, responsibilities, deliverables, measures for ensuring
financial accountability and reporting requirements of each of the partners. A MoU will also be
signed between IUCN Pakistan and NCEA clearly specifying NCEA’s role and responsibilities in the
Programme.
The Programme will be headed by a National Programme Director (PD) who will be appointed by the
Planning Commission of Pakistan from its own staff as their contribution to the Programme. The NPD
will be responsible for providing strategic guidance to the Programme.
A Project Manager will be appointed by IUCN Pakistan, as the focal person responsible for liaising
with the donor and the partners, overall management of the Programme, ensuring overall
accountability to the donor through PAC, coordinating with government line agencies, and reporting.
He/she would be assisted by four Deputy Project Managers; one in each of the Partner would
undertake management support responsibilities in addition to their core technical responsibilities.
PAC will oversee, guide and advise on Programme activities, and monitor its progress and
performance. The Member (Infrastructure and Environment), PC, will chair the PAC while the
Secretary for Environment, MoE will be the co-chair of PAC. The ToRs for PAC will be developed
during the inception period, and it is envisaged that members will include government agencies,
relevant experts and the implementation partners.
The Programme will be implemented by the respective implementation units established within the
four partners, i.e., ES, EW, Pak EPA and IUCN. Since PCU will primarily be responsible for creating
ownership of the Programme within the public sector, coordinating amongst the Programme
partners and ensuring post-programme sustainability of the efforts, it will be housed in the Planning
Commission of Pakistan. As the Programme will be managed by IUCN Pakistan, PCU will work in
close liaison with IUCN for smooth operations of the Programme.
Separate PIUs will be established in Pak-EPA, EW-MoE and IUCN Pakistan to support Programme
implementation. Operational facilities for NIAP implementation will be provided by the partners
housing PIUs. PIUs will be headed by the respective Programme Directors – designated by the
respective departments/agencies as their in-kind contribution to the Programme.
Programme Implementation Unit Programme Implementation Unit Programme Implementation Unit Programme Implementation Unit
(IUCN) (EW) (Pak EPA) (PC)
DPM/Advocacy Coordinator DPM/Policy Coordinator DPM/EIA Expert DPM/SEA Coordinator
Provincial Interface
Public Administration
Judiciary Acadeima Media Private Sector
Training Institutes
The Programme’s management would primarily be responsibility of IUCN under the contract with
the Embassy. The Project Manager would be overall in-charge of the project. In accordance with the
needs of the respective Partners, other project staff will be hired and deputed in the respective PIUs.
They would have a direct reporting relationship with the Project Manager as well as the Programme
Directors in the respective implementation partners (see Programme’s management organogram at
Figure 2).
EIA Experts will be appointed in federal and provincial EPAs to assist in the implementation of
Programme activities and also to provide support to respective EPAs in EIA related activities.
However, only one EIA Expert will be hired during the inception period for Pak EPA. Remaining EIA
Experts will be hired after assessing the required expertise for each of the EPA. He/She would also
serve as Deputy Project Manager within his/her implementation unit.
A SEA Expert will be appointed in PC to provide support in SEA related activities of the Programme to
PC and other project partners. He/She would also serve as Deputy Project Manager within his/her
implementation unit.
In addition to the above identified staff, the Programme may hire other professionals for short
durations for certain specialised inputs, e.g., legal experts, institutional experts etc. Such individuals
will be hired for short-term assignments which will feed into the Programme and will be engaged as
consultants.
Project Manager
DPM/Advocacy Programme
Finance & Admin Officer
Coordinator Assistant
Support Staff
DPM/Policy Programme
Coordinator Assistant
Programme Director
EW Programme Implementation Unit
(Environment Wing)
Support Staff
Programme
DPM/EIA Expert
Assistant
EIA Expert
EIA Expert EIA Expert EIA Expert EIA Expert EIA Expert
Northern
Punjab Balochistan NWFP Sindh AJ&K
Areas
DPM/SEA Programme
Coordinator Assistant
Programme Director
ES Programme Implementation Unit
(Environmemt Section)
Support Staff
5.7. Sustainability
The design of NIAP makes strong provision for ensuring institutional, operational and financial
sustainability of the Programme. The housing of PCU in PC would provide a strong basis for intra
governmental coordination on EIA and SEA, as well as sustainability of the effort after the
completion of the Programme.
NIAP is a joint initiative of Pak-EPA, EW, PC (GoP) and IUCN Pakistan (with technical assistance
provided by NCEA), and will be institutionalised in the three key government agencies responsible
for environmental assessment in Pakistan. This mechanism will promote the integration of impact
assessment in national and provincial planning procedures, and encourage maximum GoP ownership
of the Programme objectives. As PC would have primary responsibility for SEA, it will enhance the
probability of SEA being integrated in plans and policies across all sectors. Similarly, Pak EPA along
with the provincial EPAs, with the mandate of monitoring the EIA process in the country, will be
rightly placed for EIA related activities. EW will be responsible for the Programme activities from a
policy perspective. Furthermore, initiatives under NIAP will be synchronised / dovetailed with
ongoing GoP interventions. In this way, various activities started through NIAP can be taken over by
government departments under their own initiatives.
Also, since the Programme will be working at the provincial and district levels through provincial
EPAs and other departments, it will benefit stakeholders across all levels / tiers of government. The
capacity building imparted to the relevant departments / agencies during the course of NIAP will
contribute to its institutional sustainability.
During consultations held for the development of NIAP, GoP has expressed its willingness to co-
finance the Programme during its implementation. In addition to this, the government has also
shown its commitment to ensuring the long term sustainability of NIAP by including it in its MTDF.
Such endorsement and commitment assures the financial sustainability of NIAP after donor
assistance has ended.
NIAP is a long term Programme. The current proposal is donor funded but as mentioned previously,
mechanisms for incorporation in GoP’s planning and budgeting systems have been built in. The
partnering institutions will also continue to raise funds from the government’s budget as well as
other donors to ensure the continuity of the Programme.
Based on the above measures, the following sustainability indicators will be measured during and at
the end of the Programme:
Impact assessment is integrated in national and provincial planning procedures and evinced by
government correspondence;
SEA is integrated in plans and policies across all sectors, through a formal mechanism of PC;
Initiatives under NIAP are synchronised / dovetailed with ongoing GoP interventions; and
The institutional mechanisms established under the Programme are integrated as the regular
functions of the government institutions.
The total duration of the NIAP will be four and a half years split into inception (one year) and
implementation periods (three and half years). The total budget for NIAP is Pak Rs. 358,612,543. An
overall work plan and detailed year-wise budget is given as Annex III, and the partner-wise budget is
given at Annex IV. The cost of technical assistance to be provided by NCEA is not included in the
budget and would be met through its own resources whereas the Programme may bear the cost of
international consultants engaged on need bases.
4. Ensure that all MoUs are prepared, negotiated and signed with programme partners;
5. Supervise preparation and revision of the programme work plans, budgets and financial plans;
6. Organise and coordinate programme activities according to the work plan in order to produce
outputs;
7. Coordinate internal monitoring, mid term review and end of the programme evaluation;
8. Maintain contact and smooth working relations with all programme partners and EKN;
9. Timely prepare and submit six monthly financial reports, annual progress reports and any other
reporting requirements by the donor;
10. Provide regular updates to National Programme Director (NPD) on the progress of the
programme;
11. Identify and resolve conflict situations with the assistance of the NPD, if necessary;
12. Work closely with the partners to establish an effective results-based monitoring and evaluation
system; and
Selection Criteria
1. Post-graduate degree in environmental engineering, environmental sciences, social sciences or
natural resource management with at least 15 years relevant professional experience preferably
in EIA development and implementation;
3. Ability to use tact and diplomacy to resolve conflicts and achieve results; and
2. Design media campaigns for the Programme to promote EIA and SEA;
3. Liaise with media and relevant professionals for awareness-raising and advocacy for the
Programme;
5. Maintain contact and smooth working relations with all project staff;
6. Assist PIU in the production of programme outputs according to the work plan; and
7. Assist PM in the preparation and revision of the programme work plans, budgets and financial
plans related to IUCN Pakistan.
Selection Criteria
1. Post-graduate degree in environmental engineering, environmental sciences, social sciences or
natural resource management with at least 8 years relevant professional experience;
2. Liaise with provincial Environment Departments for inputs and support for policy review and
development;
3. Maintain contact and smooth working relations with all project staff;
4. Assist PIU in the production of programme outputs according to the work plan;
5. Assist PM in the preparation and revision of the programme work plans, budgets and financial
plans related to the Environment Wing; and
Selection Criteria
1. Post-graduate degree in environmental engineering, environmental sciences, social sciences or
natural resource management with at least 8 years relevant professional experience;
6. Liaise with provincial Planning & Departments for inputs and support regarding promotion of
SEA;
7. Maintain contact and smooth working relations with all project staff;
8. Assist PIU in the production of programme outputs according to the work plan;
9. Assist PM in the preparation and revision of the programme work plans, budgets and financial
plans related to the Environment Section;
10. Represent the PIU and the Environment Section at relevant forums.
Selection Criteria
1. Post-graduate degree in environmental engineering, environmental sciences, social sciences or
natural resource management with at least 8 years relevant professional experience preferably
in SEA;
2. Excellent understanding of EIA process, its implementation status in Pakistan and new
developments / research in EIA and SEA;
2. Provide support to the Pak EPA in the effective implementation of EIA process;
4. Maintain contact and smooth working relations with all provincial EIA Experts;
5. Assist PIU in the production of programme outputs according to the work plan;
6. Assist PM in the preparation and revision of the programme work plans, budgets and financial
plans related to Pak EPA;
7. Provide regular updates to Programme Director (NPD) on the progress of EIA related activities;
Selection Criteria
1. Post-graduate degree in environmental engineering, environmental sciences, social sciences or
natural resource management with at least 8 years relevant professional experience preferably
in EIA development and implementation;
2. Excellent understanding of EIA process, its implementation status in Pakistan and new
developments / research in EIA internationally;
1
During the implementation period, one EIA Expert is proposed to be placed in each of the provincial EPAs. However, their
need and required expertise would be established after a detailed assessment of provincial EPAs during the inception
period. Their TORs would then be developed accordingly.
4. Ensure the daily postings of entries into accounting system as per the guidelines;
5. Ensure that Project Advances Accounts and all Staff Accounts checked and deductions are made
on monthly basis;
6. Complete monthly close off and send back up to IUCN Finance with the checklist;
7. Complete year-end accounts in accordance with the instructions issued from IUCN;
9. Ensure that Debit/Credit notes for Partners are prepared and send as and when they incur;
10. Prepare current account reconciliations for partners on a monthly basis and report for any two
months long reconciling item;
11. Prepare funds request on monthly basis and send to IUCN Finance for transfer of funds;
13. Prepare monthly payroll for the staff, payroll reconciliation, disburse the salaries and distribute
the salary slips on monthly basis;
14. Calculate/deduct the tax from the payroll and deposit on a monthly basis;
16. Prepare and distribute Project Analysis Reports to the Project Manager on monthly basis;
17. Preparation of six monthly and yearly financial reports for the project according to the donor
requirement;
18. Coordinate the internal/external audits of the project in coordination with IUCN Finance and
submission of report to IUCN for further submission to the donor;
20. Assistance in preparation of work plans for linking it to the budgets of concerned projects;
21. Improve systems and procedures to enhance internal controls to satisfy internal audit
requirement;
24. Handle field level financial matters, i.e. petty cash/bank transactions;
27. Support in organisation of workshops, seminars etc and meetings along with coordination and
follow up; and
28. Carry out any other relevant tasks as required by and mutually agreed with the line manager.
Selection Criteria
1. Graduate in financial discipline
4. Self-driven personality with credibility and aptitude & ability for problem solving and decision
making.
7. Ability to deliver under pressure, multi tasking and possess emotional stability
6. Ensure adequate supply of stationery for staff, its distribution and inventory of stocks;
9. Supervise of support staff, check overtime claims of support staff before Project Director signs
them;
10. Support the professional staff in composing, formatting and circulating technical reports;
12. Carry out any other relevant tasks as required by and mutually agreed with the line manager.
Selection Criteria
1. Graduate in any discipline;
A-3 DPM/Policy Coordinator, EW Person-month 90,000 12 1,080,000 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 5,802,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Environment Wing, MoE
A-4 DPM/SEA Coordinator, ES Person-month 125,000 - - 12 1,650,000 12 1,815,000 12 1,996,500 6 1,098,075 6,559,575 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Environment Section, Planning
Commission of Pakistan
A-5 DPM/EIA Expert, Pak EPA Person-month 125,000 12 1,500,000 12 1,650,000 12 1,815,000 12 1,996,500 6 1,098,075 8,059,575 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Pak EPA
A-6 EIA Expert, Punjab EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Punjab EPA
A-7 EIA Expert, Sindh EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Sindh EPA
A-8 EIA Expert, NWFP EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in NWFP EPA
A-9 EIA Expert, Balochistan EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in Balochistan EPA
A-10 EIA Expert, AJK EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in AJK EPA
A-11 EIA Expert, NA EPA Person-month 90,000 - - 12 1,188,000 12 1,306,800 12 1,437,480 6 790,614 4,722,894 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed in NA EPA
A-12 Finance & Admin Officer Person-month 45,000 12 540,000 12 594,000 12 653,400 12 718,740 6 395,307 2,901,447 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X To be placed with the Project Manager
A-13 Programme Assistant (1+1+1+1) Person-month 40,000 48 1,920,000 48 2,112,000 48 2,323,200 48 2,555,520 24 1,405,536 10,316,256 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X One Programme Assistant in each of the units,
IUCN, EW, EPA, ES i.e., IUCN, Environment Wing, Pak EPA &
Environment Section
A-14 Support Staff (1+1+1+1) Person-month 18,000 48 864,000 48 950,400 48 1,045,440 48 1,149,984 24 632,491 4,642,315 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X One Support Staff in each of the units, i.e., IUCN,
IUCN, EW, EPA, ES Environment Wing, Pak EPA & Environment
Section
Sub-Total A 9,924,000 19,694,400 21,663,840 23,830,224 13,106,623 88,219,087
B Operations
B-1 Premises (rent, utilities, janitorial, month 85,000 12 1,020,000 12 1,122,000 12 1,234,200 12 1,357,620 6 746,691 5,480,511 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
security)
B-2 Communications (tel, fax, internet) month 140,000 12 1,680,000 12 1,848,000 12 2,032,800 12 2,236,080 6 1,229,844 9,026,724 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X This budget is for 1 PCU and 3 PIUs
B-3 Consumables month 200,000 12 2,400,000 12 2,640,000 12 2,904,000 12 3,194,400 6 1,756,920 12,895,320 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X This budget is for 1 PCU and 3 PIUs
B-4 Repairs & Maintenance month 170,000 12 2,040,000 12 2,244,000 12 2,468,400 12 2,715,240 6 1,493,382 10,961,022 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X This budget is for 1 PCU and 3 PIUs
Sub-Total B 7,140,000 7,854,000 8,639,400 9,503,340 5,226,837 38,363,577
C Travel
C-1 Airfare & Accommodation Person-trips 45,000 75 3,375,000 75 3,712,500 75 4,083,750 75 4,492,125 50 3,294,225 18,957,600 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X It covers air ticket, accommodation & daily
subsistence allowance
C-2 Vehicle running & rental Per km 15 180,000 2,700,000 180,000 2,970,000 180,000 3,267,000 180,000 3,593,700 100,000 2,196,150 14,726,850 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X This budget is for 1 PCU, 3 PIUs and 6
coordinators placed at provincial EPAs
Sub-Total C 6,075,000 6,682,500 7,350,750 8,085,825 5,490,375 33,684,450
D Capital Items
D-1 Laptops Laptop 120,000 9 1,080,000 7 924,000 - - - - - - 2,004,000 X X This equipment would fulfil needs of all
professional staff in PCU, 3 PIUs and 6 provincial
placements
D-2 Multimedia projectors Multimedia 240,000 4 960,000 - - - - 960,000 X
projector
D-3 3kVA UPS UPS 75,000 4 300,000 - - - - 300,000 X
D-4 Colour laser printers Printers 200,000 4 800,000 - - - - 800,000 X This equipment would fulfil needs of all
professional staff in PCU, 3 PIUs and 6 provincial
placements
D-5 Dual-side black & white printers Printers 70,000 9 630,000 7 539,000 - - - 1,169,000 X X
D-6 Other IT Accessories LS 250,000 1 250,000 1 275,000 1 302,500 1 332,750 1 183,013 1,343,263 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X This equipment would fulfil needs of all
professional staff in PCU, 3 PIUs and 6 provincial
placements
Sub-Total D 4,020,000 1,738,000 302,500 332,750 183,013 6,576,263
E Outputs
E-1.1 Mapping of EIA practice 3,185,000 - - - - 3,185,000 Visit to 4 provincial capitals for meetings to
share EIA mapping tool and data collection for
mapping exercise. One national workshop to
share findings of EIA mapping exercise. This
includes involvement of NCEA experts, local
consultants and partners. EIA mapping report to
be published.
E-3.10a International Visit IAIA meetings 300,000 - - 4 1,320,000 4 1,452,000 4 1,597,200 4 1,756,920 6,126,120 X X X X X X X
E-3.10b International Visit for exposure 300,000 - - 4 1,320,000 4 1,452,000 4 1,597,200 4 1,756,920 6,126,120 X X X X
E-3.10c International Conference 5,500,000 - - - - - - 1 7,320,500 - - 7,320,500 X X
E-4.1 PIUs / PCU operationalised - - - - - - This output will require setting up of PCU and
PIUs which will include procurement and
operationalisation of the units. Equipment,
furniture and other necessary items will be
purchased. Operationalisation will require
paying rent and utilities.
E-4.2 Implementation mechanisms for 3,540,000 1,210,000 2,420,000 1,464,100 2,086,343 10,720,443 Inception workshop is held which will involve
project instituted inviting participants from all over the country
and Netherlands. Programme Advisory
Committee will be set up which will require
holding quarterly meetings. Monitoring and
evaluation will include regular internal
monitoring, mid term review and end of the
programme evaluation.
F International Consultant Person-month 600,000 12 7,200,000 12 7,200,000 12 7,200,000 12 7,200,000 6 3,600,000 32,400,000 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Local Seminars
Air/Land Fare Round trip 15,000 2 30,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 8,000 2 16,000
Venue Per day 25,000 1 25,000
National Seminar
Air/Land Fare Round trip 15,000 15 225,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 8,000 15 120,000
Venue Per day 25,000 1 25,000
Material Lump sum 25,000 1 25,000
Meals Per person 1,500 50 75,000
470,000
Provincial Workshop
Air/Land Fare Round trip 15,000 10 150,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 8,000 30 240,000
Venue Per day 15,000 3 45,000
Material Lump sum 10,000 1 10,000
Meals Per person 1,500 90 135,000
580,000
National Workshop
Air/Land Fare Round trip 15,000 15 225,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 8,000 45 360,000
Venue Per day 25,000 3 75,000
Material Lump sum 25,000 1 25,000
Meals Per person 1,500 120 180,000
865,000
Training Workshops
Air/Land Fare Round trip 15,000 15 225,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 8,000 45 360,000
Venue Per day 25,000 3 75,000
Material Lump sum 25,000 1 25,000
Meals Per person 1,500 150 225,000
910,000
International Expert
Fee Person-days 55,000 30 1,650,000
Air Fare Round trip 125,000 1 125,000
Boarding & Lodging Person-night 20,000 30 600,000
Visa Lump sum 5,000 1 5,000
Other travel costs Lump sum 20,000 1 20,000
2,400,000
International Conference
International airfare Round trip 125,000 20 2,500,000
Domestic air/land fare Round trip 15,000 40 600,000
Boarding & lodging Person-night 15,000 120 1,800,000
Venue Per day 50,000 2 100,000
Material Lump sum 100,000 1 100,000
Meals Per person 2,000 200 400,000
5,500,000
Inception Workshop
International airfare Round trip 125,000 5 625,000
Domestic air/land fare Round trip 15,000 30 450,000
Boarding & lodging Person-night 15,000 70 1,050,000
Venue Per day 50,000 1 50,000
Material Lump sum 100,000 1 100,000
Meals Per person 2,000 120 240,000
2,515,000
B Operations
B-1 Premises (rent, utilities, janitorial, 5,480,511 - - - 5,480,511
security)
B-2 Communications (tel, fax, internet) 3,510,393 1,103,266 3,309,799 1,103,266 9,026,724
C Travel
C-1 Airfare & Accommodation 6,228,925 3,249,875 6,228,925 3,249,875 18,957,600
C-2 Vehicle running & rental 4,719,090 3,335,920 3,335,920 3,335,920 14,726,850
Sub-Total C 10,948,015 6,585,795 9,564,845 6,585,795 33,684,450
D Capital Items
D-1 Laptops 480,000 240,000 1,044,000 240,000 2,004,000
D-2 Multimedia projectors 240,000 240,000 240,000 240,000 960,000
D-3 3kVA UPS 75,000 75,000 75,000 75,000 300,000
D-4 Colour laser printers 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 800,000
D-5 Dual-side black & white printers 280,000 140,000 609,000 140,000 1,169,000
D-6 Other IT Accessories 164,855 100,745 976,918 100,745 1,343,263
Sub-Total D 1,439,855 995,745 3,144,918 995,745 6,576,263
E Outputs
E-1.1 Mapping of EIA practice 3,185,000 3,185,000
E-1.2 EIA review mechanism (including 5,392,500 5,392,500
tools to support its effective
implementation) developed