The Project Organization defines the human infrastructure of the project.

This task is designed to define the project organization chart, the roles, and the
relationships of the project team.
The organizational structure clearly identifies roles and responsibilities of
each position, augmenting the existing role definitions where necessary to cover
all of the responsibilities.

An entrepreneur should possess certain abilities, traits or characteristics which are

categorized in five broad categories:
1. Basic traits and attributes :
Opportunity orientation
Clarity of vision
Commitment to goals
Uncertainty handling
Calculated risk taking
leadership
2. Specific traits
Decision making ability
Entrepreneurial business planning
Self motivation
Entre. & Buss Mngt 11
Creativity
Innovation
Tolerance for ambiguity
Goal setting
Technical knowledge

3. Personality traits :
Self – efficiency
Internal locus of control
Self control and confidence
Physical and emotional health
Sense of urgency
Drive to achieve
Initiative and responsibility
Tolerance for failure
Integrity and reliability

4. Behavioral traits :
Emotional stability
Realism
Interpersonal relationships
Patience
Dynamism
5. Supportive traits :
Action – oriented
Prepared to “ break the mould”
Are both thinkers and doers , planners and workers
“hand-on” approach
Accept risk, understand and manage it.

A sick unit is one which is not healthy. To an industrialist, it is a unit which is

making losses. To an investor it is one which skips dividends. To a banker, it is one
which is not repaying its loan or interest.
Sickness are two types, namely:-
 1. Born Sickness
Industrial units born sick are those which are destined for disaster right from their
conception due to various causes.
e.g Lack of experience of promoters, Lack of funds, Lack of good location, Wrong
plant layout.
2. Achieved Sickness
Industries which achieve sickness are those which fail after becoming operational
due to internal causes.
e.g Bad Management, Poor inventory management, Poor labor management

Progress payments
 Periodic payments to a supplier, contractor, or subcontractor for work as it
is completed as desired, in order to reduce working capital requirements.
 The act or practice of paying a contractor in installments as different stages of
work are completed, rather than providing a single lumpsum at the
completion of the project.
 a contractual arrangement common to large
construction projects whereby payment for work done is made at
predetermined stages along the route to completion.
 Payments to a contractor or developer based on the stage of completion of
the project