Standard Method of Test for Penetration of Bituminous Materials AASHTO Designation: T 49-06 ASTM Designation: D 5-05a AASHTO T 49.06 is identical to ASTM D 5-05a except for the following provisions: 1. Replace all references to ASTM D 36 with AASHTO T 3, 2. Add the following to Section 2; 24 AASHTO Standard: R16, Regulatory Indormation for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests. 3, Replace the last sentence of Section 6.1 with the following: “The weight ofthe spindle shall be checked.” 1S-25 Tat ‘AASHTOily Designation: D5 - 05a Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials’ ‘iy tne ed aire Sed ait Se mberin-edely feng he ga cs a sen tu fn ube ees eae er a a eps Ase epdon flee (eis a era ange ie he ei ze hs sud ser pve far aby gem of te Dap’ of ee 1. Scope (LL This test method eovers determinasion ofthe penetration (of semi-solid and soia bitmsinaus materials 12 The ncolles, conisiers and other conditions described i this est metiod provide forthe determinations of penetr- ions up t 500 ors 1For gulance in pep and vesting emvkion residue specimens Ss test mate ls ee o Section 35 Test Met Daw 13. The values stated in SI unity are to be considered sada, LA This standard does not purport 0 address all af the safety concems, fay, exsociated with tts use. Ut 3 the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish approx priate safety and health practices and determine the applica Ditty of regulatory lindations prior 1 use. 2. Refareneed Documents 21. ASTM Standards: © 136 Test Method fur Softening Puint of Bitumen (Ring- ‘and-Ball Apparatus) 1D 244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsiied Asphals, EL Specification for ASTM Liguid-in-Glass Thermometers 5.77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thes- ELSIE 137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Re- sislance Theemometers 2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Olass ASTM Thermom- ‘ers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids 22. ANS! Standart B46! Surfice Texture? "ses rls dee rcion af AST Cant DOM Bd sea Pring Wena he es ngs Suerte DO on Recipe Te ‘Guna ele spy’ ne |. 208, Pubes une 208. Osgaly sppnedin 19 Lt pon sia ans 8 20S DSA. "or nme AGEN mandate a ee ASTD web SL, oF somes ASTM Carrer eres srt amary. Fr Sa Bok of ETA ‘Stud elven te sans Dstt Say pg ‘ae ASTM ata Shae tm Amen Naor Sede nate, 25. Ad SL Fog en Yo NT 23. 480 Stondant 150 Standard 468. Surface Roughness —Pannmeters, Theit ‘Valucs and General Rules for Specifying Requirements! 3. Terminology 3.1 Dofntons: BLL penetration, n—eomsstency of a bit expressed as the distance in weaths of a standard needle veneally penetrates a semple of dhe material ‘under known conditions of loading, time. and temperature, 4, Summary of Test Method Al The sample is melted (if staring at ambient tempera- tuso} and cooled under contelled conditions, The pewerracion is exesured with 9 penetrometer by means of which a standard needle is applied te the sample under specific eoeitions, s. Wicamee and Use S. The penetration test used as a measure of consis. tency. Higher values of penetrtion indicate softer consieeney, 6. Apparatus 6.1 Penetration Apparanis—Any apparaus that permis the needte holder (spindle) to move verially without speasurable friction and is capable of indicating the dep of penezation 10 the mearest 0.1 mmm, will be acceptable, The Weight of the inde aall be 47.5 * 005 g, The total weight of the needle ‘nd spindle assembly shall be $0.0 + 0.05 g. Weights of $0 = 0.05 g an 100 = 005 g shal ako be provided for total losds 0 100 g and 200g, as requiced for some conditions of the test. ‘The surface on whick the sample container rests shall be a and the azis ofthe plonges sual beat approximately 99° this surface. The apparaus shall have a Toveling indicator. The spindle shall be easly detached for checking ts weight 6.1.1 The Jeveing indicator shall be verted atleast anny ally with a hand-held tevel 62 Penesration Needle 62.1 The needle (see Fig. 1) sll he made ftom fully hardened and tempered stainless stel, Grade 440-C or equsl, HIRC 54 to 60. The standard needle shall be approximately 50 ‘mum (2 in.} in Yength, the Long needle approximately 60 rom in.) The diameter ofall eeedler shall be 1,00 to 1.02 ms (©0394 to 0.0802 in) I shall be symmetrically tapered at one apps 0457 ara 102 Pe, Ps CE Yl aan, PLE I a TS F492 ‘AASHTOGp 05-050 218 0016 mm p00 fo lG2mm 6°60" to 9°40. et (em, a _ as required FIG. 1 Need for Ponetratton Test cen by grinding to a cone having an angle between 8,7 and 9.7" ‘over the entie cone length. The cone should be coasial with the straight body of the needle. The total asia variation ofthe lntersection bevieen the conical and straight surfices shall not be in excess of 0.2 mm (0.008 in). The tuncated tp of the ‘cone shall be within the diameter limits of 0.14 and 0.16 mm. (0.0055 and 6.0063 in.) and square tothe needle axis within ®. ‘The entre edge of the truncated surface atthe tip shall be sharp ‘and free of burrs. When the surface texture is measured 42 ‘aceordsnce with American National Suandard BA6.1 or ISO. 468 che surface roughness eight, Ra, of che tapered cone shal be 0.2 to 03 yim (8to 12 pin.) arithmetic average The surface roughtess height, Ra, of the needle shank shall be 0.025 to 04125 um (1 to 5 pia). The needle shall be mounted in a ‘non-coroding metal ferule. The ferule shall be 32 = 005 sn (0.126 + 0.002 in.) in diameter and 38 * F rae (1.50 = (0.04 in.) in lengt. The expened Jength of the standard needle shall be within te limits of 40 so 45 mam (1.57 (01.77 in) and the exposed length of the long needle sail be $0 co 55 mm (197 10 2.17 in). The needle shall be rigidly zwousied ia the feerule. The 1un-out (tora-indicator reading) ofthe needle tip and any portion of the needle relative to whe ferrule axis shall noc exceed | mm (0.04 in), The weight of se ferrule needle assembly shall be 250 = 0.06 g, (A dill hole at the end af tbe ferrule ora flat onthe sie is permissible fo control the weight ) “Individual identification markings shal be placed on the ferrule of each needle; the same markings shall not be epested by & ‘manufactorer within a 3-year period. ‘62.2 Neoiles used in testing materials for conformance to specifications shall be shown Co have met the requirements of| 6.2.1 when tested by a qualified agency. 16.3 Sample Container—A metal of glass cylindrical, et- bottom contziner of essensially the following dimensions shall be used: Fer genera ok 200 ‘bere om Ina a Forgeneraans wage 200 a4 3 ‘Sera rs Sate Fergereraan 3010 £00 ‘oar rm rc ea, on 64 Water Bath—A bath capable of maintining a tempers lure of 25 = 0.1°C (77 = 0.2°F) or any other emperature of test within O.1°C, The bath shall have a pesforted. shelf supported in a position not less chan 50 mm From the bottom and not lest than 100 mm below the Higui level inthe Bh. TF penetration ests are to be made in the ath tel, an additional Shelf strong enough to support the penetrometer shall be ‘provided, Brine may be used in the bath for deeeminations at low temperatures, za ff ee [Nove 2-The use of sited iter i recommenced forthe beth Take cate ta grid sontmiaon sf he bush waar by suo aie cgi, Felewse agen, or ater chemical; af Deir peace nay act te penetration values cere 65 Transfer Dish—When wsed, the ranser dish shall have 1 capacity of atleast 350 mL and of sufiient deoth of water to eover the large sample container. It sll ho provided with some means for obtaining 3 finn bearing and preventing rocking of the container. 4 three-Tegged stand with three-point comact for the sample coatuiner is u convenient way of encuring this. 66 Timing Device—For hand-opetatedspeneteometers a0y convenient timing device such as an cleiric timer, 9 slop watch, or other spring activated device may be nsed provided. itis graduated in 0.18 o¢ less and is acoarde 19 within =0.1 8 toe a 60s interval. An audible seconds counter adjusted to provide I beat act 0.5 s may also be used. The ttve for a TLecount interval mast be S = O.1 s. Any sutomatic timing device atached to« penetrometer must be accurately calibrated to provide the desired test interval within +0.) s. 627 Thermometers—Calibrated. Tiquid-in-gloss.thermor- ters of suitable range with subdivisions and maximum scale ceror of 0,1°C (02°F) or any other thermometnc device of ‘equal accuracy. precision and sensitivity shal be used. Ther- mometers shall conform to the requltoments of Specification B I or Speciticstion E 2251, Other thermomeric devices shall conform to the requirements of Speciiemion E 1137, 67.1 Suituble thermocetes commonly used are: Amu Ninbar ance acon Seraccnuern Sec areer Beleco mir 62.2 The thermometer sed for the wee bath shall peri ‘dically be calibrated in sccotdsnee with Test Method E77-An alternate thermomeric device shall periodically be calibrated i accordance with Specification E1137 17. Preparation of Test Specimen, 7.1 Bthe sample s rot suficienty Avid as received, heat the sample with care, stirring when possible to prevent local ‘overheating, uni rns Become suficiently Sid to pour [x n0| base should the temperature be raised vo mare than 60°C above the expected softening point for tr pitch in accordance with ‘Test Method D 36, orto more than 90°C above it for petroleum ssphalt (bitumen). Heat samples forthe minimum cime neees- say to ensure that they are suficently uid. Stir to ensure that the sample is homogeneous, Avoid ineorporaing bubbles into the samp, 7.2 Pour the sample into the sample container to & depth such thet, when cooled to the temperature of test the depth of the sampie is at least 120% of the depth to which the needle is expected to penetrate, Pou separste potions foreach variation intest conditions. 1rthe sample container is less than 65 mm in diameter and the expected penetration is greater than 200, pour Ure separate portion for each variation in test conditions. ‘Nowe 3-H alien: materi ave seceded of he seeps coma ea ho ie, 7. Allow to coot in air at a wemperatre betwoen 15 and 30°C for 1 10 1:5 h forthe small (55 % 35 mm) container and 182 ‘AASHTO