A Partial Sum Expression For An Interesting Summation

Cristian Bicheru

1/12/2019

Problem:

Find a closed form expression for

m
X cos(n)
.
n=1
n

Solution:

We will take a similar approach as the one we took in the case m → ∞. First, note that
Z ∞
1
e−nt dt = .
0 n

Thus
m ∞  Z m 
X cos(n) X −nt
= cos(n) e dt
n=1
n n=1 0

m Z
X ∞ 
−nt
= cos(n)e dt
n=1 0

m Z ∞ 
1X ni −ni −nt
= (e + e ) e dt
2 n=1 0
Z "m #
1 ∞ X ni −ni −nt
= (e + e ) e dt
2 0 n=1
Z "m m
#
1 ∞ X eni X e−ni
= + dt
2 0 n=1
ent n=1 ent
Z " ei eim e−i e−im
#
1 ∞ et e mt e t e mt
= i − i + −i − i dt
2 0 1 − eet 1 − eet 1 − eet 1 − eet
1 ∞ ei 1 ∞ eim
Z   Z  
e−i e−im
= + dt − + dt.
2 0 et − ei et − e−i 2 0 emt − em+i emt − em−i
Applying the result we got in the other solution, we get

eim

1  1 ∞
  Z  
1 e−im
= log  csc − + dt.
2 2  2 0 emt − em+i emt − em−i

Using the same method for integration as the two integrals we saw in the previous solution, we get that
 e − em+i  ∞
 mt
 e − em−i 
      mt 
1 1  1 i−im 1
= log  csc
 − e log 

 + ei−im log 
    .
2 2  2mem emt emt  
0

1
Let  mt
 e − em−i 
   mt m+i 

1  + 1 log  e − e

f (t) = ei−im log   .
2mem emt  ei−im  emt 

We once again need to find f (0) and

lim f (t).
t→∞

First  
1   1  
f (0) = ei−im log 1 − em−i  + log 1 − em+i  .
2mem ei−im
And now for the limit
 mt
 e − em−i 
 mt
 e − em+i 
  
1 i−im 1
lim f (t) = lim e log 

 + ei−im log 
  
t→∞ t→∞ 2mem emt emt 

m−i  m+i 
    
1 i−im 1 − e

 + 1 log 1 − e

= lim e log 
t→∞ 2mem  emt  ei−im  emt 
 
1 i−im 1
= e log |1| + log |1|
2mem ei−im
= 0.
Therefore
m     
X cos(n) 1 1  1 i−im
 
m−i  1  
m+i 
= log  csc
 + e log 1 − e
 + i−im log 1 − e
 .
n=1
n 2 2  2mem e