Alexander

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�\u9658?\par\pard\ql \li500\sb124\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex209
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 �*\par\pard\ql \li20\sb97\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql \li7617\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1278\sb167\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql
\li759\sb87\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
;�s\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^\par\pard\ql
\li654\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex80
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 N�-\par\pard\ql \li452\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^\par\pard\column \qj
\li8712\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li8712\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li8712\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li480\ri0\sb35\sl-160\slmult0\fi220
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ^ \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
^\par\pard\ql \li20\sb105\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
*v*\par\pard\column \ql \li9691\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9691\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
�\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7395\colsr20\colno2\colw4345\colsr16
0\ql \li7195\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 *\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex84 <*\par\pard\ql
\li1225\sb53\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \\ \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li2515\sb0\sl-
1040\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2515\ri2317\sb355\sl-1040\slmult0\tx4166 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex142 \ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs100 IvTodiales \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 1<&2 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 4|Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 � \par\pard\ql \li1756\sb406\sl-598\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 PIOHEER LEUEL U/U+ Q
UmWIlS\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw1692\colsr160\colno2\colw3316\c
olsr160\colno3\colw2404\colsr160\colno4\colw3888\colsr160\li724\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft874\shptop2263\shpright1350\shpbottom3023\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shp
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{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fRecolorFillAsPicture}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fUseShapeAnchor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn
fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn
fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt\pard\plain \qj\sl759 \li0\ri0
\expndtw0\charscalex99\ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs66 1{\par}}}}
\par\pard\ql \li873\sb165\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 P-7\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-598\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-598\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-598\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 2\par\pard\ql \li724\sb1\sl-222\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 p.25\par\pard\column \ql
\li25\sb131\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Uocabularu\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u8226? Words easily
confused\par\pard\qj \li25\ri653\sb45\sl-211\slmult0\tx136 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226? Lexical set: positive and negative \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 character traits\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1187\sb12\sl-
249\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226? Word building: word webs \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? Phrasal verbs\par\pard\qj \li20\ri643\sb0\sl-
252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? Collocations related to
education \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? Idioms related to
learning\par\pard\ql \li20\sb30\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226?
Words with multiple meanings\par\pard\qj \li1963\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1963\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li131\ri1228\sb107\sl-252\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Topic-related vocabulary \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Verbs with prepositions \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Phrasal verbs with
'down'\par\pard\ql \li131\ri191\sb19\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Verbs used in a figurative sense \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Words that
describe groups of animals, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 people and
things\par\pard\qj \li136\ri1632\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
Idioms with animals \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Collocations\par\pard\column
\ql \li20\sb165\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Grammar\par\pard\ql \li34\ri47\sb215\sl-
216\slmult0\tx136 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18
\u9632? Present Simple - Present \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Progressive
- Present Perfect\par\pard\qj \li116\ri421\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Simple - Present Perfect \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Progressive\par\pard\qj \li34\ri1269\sb10\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 \u8226? Stative verbs \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 > Future
forms\par\pard\qj \li34\ri471\sb47\sl-206\slmult0\tx131 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226? Expressions with future \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 meaning\par\pard\ql \li5323\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li25\ri419\sb12\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226? Articles -
Nouns \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? Determiners -
Pronouns\par\pard\column \ql \li92\sb155\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Reading\par\pard\qj
\li29\ri1193\sb203\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A book review: What Color Is Your \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Parachute?\par\pard\ql \li29\sb40\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills:\par\pard\qj \li24\ri755\sb35\sl-
216\slmult0\tx145 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226? Answering multiple-choice
questions: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Ruling out incorrect options /
Checking\par\pard\qj \li125\ri913\sb0\sl-219\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
an option against the evidence in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
text\par\pard\qj \li24\ri1092\sb29\sl-220\slmult0\tx135 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Guessing the meaning of unknown \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 words\par\pard\qj \li7872\sb0\sl-220\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li7872\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li7872\sb0\sl-220\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li7872\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li24\ri956\sb134\sl-
220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A magazine article: Staging Reality in
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Wildlife Documentaries\par\pard\ql \li24\sb45\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills:\par\pard\qj
\li24\ri1451\sb19\sl-225\slmult0\tx135 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u9632?
Reconstructing a gapped text: \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Identifying
reference items\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1075\sb30\sl-254\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 A short text: Elephants and Memory \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills:\par\pard\ql \li29\sb35\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Answering multiple-choice
questions\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4886\colsr110\colno2\colw345
2\colsr110\colno3\colw3212\colsr160\ql \li979\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
12\charscalex90 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Listening\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Three short extracts \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Developing skills:\par\pard\qj \li984\ri47\sb0\sl-
257\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226? Answering multiple-choice
questions: Identifying \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the focus of a
question\par\pard\qj \li979\ri0\sb38\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A
segment from a radio show discussing games in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
education\par\pard\ql \li984\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Developing skills:\par\pard\qj \li984\ri9\sb25\sl-259\slmult0\tx1084 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 \u8226? Answering multiple-choice questions: Developing
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 note-taking skills\par\pard\qj
\li984\ri147\sb116\sl-247\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Five short
extracts in which people are talking \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 about a
conservation project they are currently \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Involved
in\par\pard\ql \li984\sb56\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing
skills:\par\pard\qj \li984\ri347\sb54\sl-240\slmult0\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 \u8226? Multiple matching: Working on the transcript \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 to justify answers and to determine possible\par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb32\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 distractors / Identifying
purpose and opinion\par\pard\ql \li734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
5| Page\par\pard\column \ql \li4996\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4996\sb0\sl-
Speaking\par\pard\ql \li4996\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri0\sb15\sl-
247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A short
interview presenting oneself: \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Giving personal
information and opinion on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 a variety of
topics\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1824\sb11\sl-278\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills: \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\u8226? Taking a short turn\par\pard\qj \li20\ri105\sb30\sl-244\slmult0\tx131
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 �Identifying features that contribute to the \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 appropriacy of a response\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri235\sb43\sl-240\slmult0\tx131 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Using
words/phrases to express opinion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and
possibility; to add points; to give\par\pard\qj \li121\ri158\sb2\sl-244\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 reasons, explanations and examples; to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 sound natural; to ask for clarification and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 repetition; to gain time to think\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Expounding on the topic of animals using \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 prompt cards\par\pard\ql \li25\ri1521\sb2\sl-
283\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills: \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Structuring a long turn\par\pard\ql
\li25\ri57\sb25\sl-247\slmult0\tx136\tx141 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?
Using linking words/phrases to address \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the
topic; to sequence points; to add more \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
points\par\pard\column \ql \li8548\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8548\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Writing\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1742\sb242\sl-
287\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A covering
letter \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills:\par\pard\qj
\li30\ri697\sb27\sl-244\slmult0\tx131 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Focusing
on language, content, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 structure, style and
register\par\pard\ql \li30\sb66\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?
Developing proofreading and\par\pard\ql \li126\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 editing skills\par\pard\qj \li8577\sb0\sl-278\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li49\ri996\sb1\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 An essay
based on prompts \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Developing skills:\par\pard\qj
\li49\ri595\sb1\sl-283\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? Focusing on
language and content \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226? Using linking
words/phrases\par\pard\qj \li145\ri592\sb0\sl-241\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 to list/sequence points; to add \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 more points; to express contrast, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 result/consequence; to make\par\pard\ql
\li145\ri503\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\tx2421 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 statements; to
give examples \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and opinion; to sum up \tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 /
\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs80 � \par\pard\li1411\sb0\sl-
414\slmult0\fi0\tx7545\tx8313 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex83
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 rti�iS7E'0EEB0�HIIDHESD\tab \up4
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 %\tab \dn4 \expndtw-
9\charscalex92 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 <>\par\pard\ql \li8280\sb0\sl-
558\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex67 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 v> \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 # \par\pard\ql \li8544\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 ^ \par\pard\ql \li9190\sb0\sl-576\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf30\f31\fs64 +4 \par\pard\ql
% \par\pard\li1540\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi1027\tx2769 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100
\u8226?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw4505\colsr160\colno2\colw1861\
colsr160\colno3\colw589\colsr160\colno4\colw4345\colsr160\ql \li1540\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 WHAT MATTERS
MOST\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 IS HOW YOU SEE YOURSELF\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 ^>l*\par\pard\column \qj \li102\ri86\sb0\sl-
333\slmult0\fi105 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 hi
rTTiTr: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex84 YOU LIKE IS \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex83
FREEDOM\par\pard\ql \li5899\sb0\sl-391\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1254\sb307\sl-
L\par\pard\ql \li4665\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4665\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li20\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\tx371 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 bb\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\par\pard\column \ql \li6676\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6676\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 \u8364?��\par\pard\column \ql \li2425\sb0\sl-
450\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 t\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri2667\sb0\sl-354\slmult0\fi187 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex86
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 YOU DO IS \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91
HAPPINESS\par\pard\ql \li8327\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8327\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 DISCUSS:\par\pard\ql \li721\sb109\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Read the
quotes.\par\pard\ql \li222\sb4\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 What are
they trying to say?\par\pard\qj \li433\ri2012\sb102\sl-192\slmult0\tx842 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 Which quote do you like \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 most? Why?\par\pard\ql \li155\ri1858\sb96\sl-
192\slmult0\fi336 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Which are meant to be \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 thought-provoking and which\par\pard\ql \li865\sb3\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 humorous?\par\pard\qj
\li251\ri1964\sb102\sl-192\slmult0\fi33\tx2245 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 ' Do
you have any dreams \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 or ambitions that you
think \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 ^ you will achieve? \tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 a \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6489\sb0\sl-
234\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Everybody is
a
genius.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6459\colsr40\colno2\colw5261\c
olsr160\ql \li2351\sb2\sl-407\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 m\par\pard\ql \li4483\sb125\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 A\par\pard\ql \li2976\sb12\sl-
335\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 a\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 c->\par\pard\ql \li1680\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 In thii module udu will\par\pard\qj
\li1680\ri0\sb155\sl-196\slmult0\tx1823 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u8226? discuss issues related to employment,
education, dreams \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 and ambitions\par\pard\qj
\li1680\ri0\sb91\sl-192\slmult0\tx1819 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \u8226? learn
how to use appropriate tenses to talk about present \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 time and link past time to present\par\pard\qj
\li1680\ri0\sb100\sl-187\slmult0\tx1819 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \u8226? learn
how to use appropriate forms/tenses to refer to the \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 future\par\pard\qj \li1680\ri0\sb101\sl-
192\slmult0\tx1814 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \u9632? expand your vocabulary by
learning positive and negative \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 character
traits; phrasal verbs; collocations and idioms\par\pard\ql \li1675\ri0\sb0\sl-
249\slmult0\fi143 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 related to learning \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \u8226? expand your vocabulary by distinguishing between
words\par\pard\column \ql \li20\ri2395\sb0\sl-277\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 But if you judge a fish by
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 its ability to climb a tree, \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 it will live its whole life \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 believing that it is stupid.\par\pard\ql \li7007\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 /\par\pard\ql \li8755\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 i \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\qj \li1819\ri5261\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 easily confused; by learning words with multiple
meanings; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 by learning to create word webs \par\pard\ql
\li1670\sb1\sl-173\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226? learn how to write
a covering letter \par\pard\ql \li1670\sb118\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \u8226? acquire skills and strategies that will help you in
exams \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li724\sb36\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex164
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 6| Page
@\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw2590\colsr160\colno2\colw4175\colsr1
60\colno3\colw4685\colsr160\ql \li1387\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \\\par\pard\column \ql \li2750\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Reading\par\pard\ql \li25\sb52\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 H. Discuss.\par\pard\ql
\li53\ri880\sb43\sl-206\slmult0\tx160 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? What
would you expect a book entitled \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 'What Color
Is Your Parachute'' to be about?\par\pard\column \ql \li7075\sb0\sl-192\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li7075\sb0\sl-192\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri1935\sb135\sl-
192\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 B. Now read a review of the book
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 'What Color Is Your Parachute?' and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 check your prediction. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1252\sb0\sl-506\slmult0\par\pard\li1252\sb3\sl-506\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex92 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs44 WHAT COLOR IS YOUR PARACHUTE?-
a
review\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4187\colsr60\colno2\colw2826\co
lsr60\colno3\colw4637\colsr160\qj \li1353\ri0\sb180\sl-199\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 What Color Is Your
Parachute?, the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 annually updated jobseeker's
manual \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 by American author Richard Bolles.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 hasn't sold millions of copies because \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 of Its colourful cover or unusual title. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 While It Is, at Its core, a compilation \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 of effective advice for job hunters In \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 the ever-changing job market, the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 book endures because it Is relevant \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 to societies changing over time; It \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 delves into the human issues relating \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 to employment, and the emotional and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 psychological aspects of unemployment \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 and job-hunting. First published in 1970. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 when the act of changing careers was \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 sometimes referred to as 'bailing out'\par\pard\qj
\li1353\ri0\sb2\sl-199\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 - with the
connotations of parachuting \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 from a plane - the book
has become an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 International best-
seller.\par\pard\qj \li1353\ri0\sb50\sl-199\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Part of the charm of What Color Is Your \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Parachute? is its colloquial style, which \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 engages the reader, giving the book a \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 warm and relaxed tone which serves \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 to transform the subject matter Into \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 something altogether less dry and more \line \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 Interesting. While many self-Improvement \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 and self-help books can be too wordy and \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 serious, Bolles' style Is friendly, accessible \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 and. at times, delightfully eccentric. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 An unconventional sense of humour \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 provides a refreshing counterpoint to \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 the book's more serious content.\par\pard\qj
\li1348\ri0\sb45\sl-199\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Bolles begins by
providing a context -\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the state of the current
job market. Even \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 In difficult economic times, he
claims, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 the number of Job vacancies usually
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 exceeds the number of job hunters. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 In this environment, he gives insight \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Into employer mentality, advises on \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 application and interview techniques, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 and discusses everything from choosing \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 the proper paper for a CV to initiating \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 a productive discussion about salary. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Given the wide range of topics discussed, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 the most efficient approach to this book \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 is probably to tackle it with a pick and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 choose attitude. It Is unlikely that all its \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 advice will be useful to everyone: tech-\line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 savvy graduates may roll their eyes at \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 the obvious statement that the Internet \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 serves as a modern-day CV, but may \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 not be familiar with the etiquette of the\par\pard\ql
2\charscalex100 8\par\pard\column \ql \li20\ri0\sb164\sl-201\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 face-to-face interview. Whatever your \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 profession or experience, however, there \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 will always be some relevant advice. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Bolles'Job-hunting strategy begins with \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 the idea that finding employment Is not \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 about attempting to fit yourself Into \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 a specific position within a company. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Instead, employment comes from \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 elevating your level of self-awareness, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 realising your own particular skills and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 qualities, and then creating a space for \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 yourself In which you will be successful. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Simply put, once you understand your \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 own identity, you will be able to identify \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 a place that needs someone with that \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 identity - and persuade them to hire \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 you even though they might not be \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 recruiting. Whether this strategy holds \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 true In today's ruthless job market or \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 not is up for debate, but Bolles uses this \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 theory to justify an In-depth discussion \line \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 of self-awareness. Creating a professional \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Identity, recognising one's own interests \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 and enhancing Individual, specialised \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 skills take up a large part of the book.\par\pard\column
\qj \li20\ri1831\sb155\sl-200\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 It is
obvious that enhancing self-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 awareness is not a
passive task. Indeed, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 what makes this book stand
out from \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 many of its peers is its interactive
nature, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 as it makes demands of its reader in the
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 form of lengthy, meticulous diagrams \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 and exercises to be completed. One \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 in particular, a detailed and complex \line \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 activity called the 'flower diagram', which \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 is designed to develop self-awareness \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 and understanding of Identity, comes \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 with 75-or-so pages of guidelines and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 instructions. Undertaking this exercise \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 calls for honest introspection and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 deep self-analysis. If one criticism \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 can be made of this book, it Is that it \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 cannot be used to Its full advantage \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 without considerable reader Input \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 and effort. Although I found the many \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 exercises in introspection invaluable, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 they would perhaps seem less relevant \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 to experienced professionals or job \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 hunters.\par\pard\ql \li7276\sb0\sl-437\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 n \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li6734\sb93\sl-
/\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 f^m \par\pard\ql \li782\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li782\sb88\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex151 7 | Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf34\f35\fs92
60\qj \li1060\ri263\sb94\sl-196\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 C. Read TIP 1 in the Reading Reference which provides
information about multiple-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 choice questions.
Then read the first paragraph of the review again and do the\par\pard\ql
\li1055\sb30\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 activities that
follow.\par\pard\qj \li1051\ri247\sb13\sl-230\slmult0\tx1156 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \u8226? Read question I below and the four answer choices
(a, b. c. d). Choose the one that best \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
answers It.\par\pard\qj \li1051\ri1166\sb0\sl-210\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \u8226? Underline the section in the first paragraph that
reflects the same meaning. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \u8226? Determine why the
other three options are incorrect.\par\pard\qj \li1200\ri1339\sb111\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1416 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 1. According to the first
paragraph, what makes the book so successful? \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a. its clever design and marketing\par\pard\ql
\li1420\sb46\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b. the fact that it is
timeless\par\pard\ql \li1420\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c.
the fact that it has no competitors in the field\par\pard\ql \li1420\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. the fact that it targets a specific
audience\par\pard\qj \li1060\sb0\sl-201\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1060\sb0\sl-
201\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1060\ri427\sb29\sl-201\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 D. Read questions 2-6 below, without reading the answer
choices, and locate the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 part of the text where
the answer can be found. Can you answer the questions?\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\sb104\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 I. Read TIP 2 in
the\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1376\sb4\sl-196\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
Reading Reference about \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 guessing the meaning
of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 unknown words. Then\par\pard\ql
\li25\ri1367\sb0\sl-199\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 look at the
highlighted \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 words/phrases in the text \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 and try to guess what\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1484\sb0\sl-
198\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 they mean. What part \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 of speech is each word? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
Which clues did you use \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 to guess the
meaning?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1347\sb173\sl-198\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 G. Match the highlighted \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
words/phrases with their \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 meanings and check your
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 answers. There is one\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1378\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 extra meaning which
you \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 do not need to
use.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw8081\colsr160\colno2\colw1578\col
sr160\colno3\colw1791\colsr160\ql \li1209\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1209\sb52\sl-184\slmult0\tx1420 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 2.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Why does the reviewer refer to the phrase bailing
out?\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a. to
explain the book's seemingly unrelated title\par\pard\ql \li1420\sb61\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 b. to indicate the level of risk involved
in changing careers\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 c. to emphasise the gravity of the book's topic\par\pard\ql
\li1200\ri2544\sb0\sl-290\slmult0\fi216 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 d. to compare
finding a job to a dangerous activity \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 3. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 What is the reviewer's opinion of Bolles' writing
style?\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb33\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 a.
Sometimes too much time is spent explaining simple points.\par\pard\ql
\li1411\sb60\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 b. Bolles' humour
sometimes gets in the way of understanding.\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb56\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c. The book's thoughtful style suits Its subject
matter.\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 d. The
informal tone makes the topic more appealing.\par\pard\column \ql \li121\sb53\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 1. delve into\par\pard\ql \li116\sb85\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 2. connotation\par\pard\ql \li116\sb85\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 3. colloquial\par\pard\ql \li121\sb85\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 4. counterpoint\par\pard\ql
\li116\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 5. savvy\par\pard\ql
\li121\sb90\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 6. etiquette\par\pard\ql
\li111\sb85\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 7. recruit\par\pard\ql
\li116\sb79\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 8.
Invaluable\par\pard\ql \li20\sb109\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a.
informal\par\pard\ql \li25\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b.
knowledgeable\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1171\sb0\sl-384\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex88 \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs48 \u9633? \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex94 \u9633? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex90 \u9633? \line \up0
colsr160\ql \li1200\sb99\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 4. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 What advice does the
reviewer give to potential readers?\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a. Some sections are outdated and should be
ignored.\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b.
The book need not be read cover to cover.\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 c. Skipping sections will hinder
understanding.\par\pard\ql \li1200\ri1307\sb0\sl-292\slmult0\fi216 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 d. The application and interview tips are the most useful
sections. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 5. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 When
discussing Bolles' job-finding strategy, the reviewer implies that\par\pard\ql
\li1411\sb34\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a. it may be too
optimistic in the current economic situation.\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 b. too much focus is placed on self-
awareness.\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c.
heightened self-awareness is unachievable for most.\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 d. the concept is greatly
simplified.\par\pard\ql \li1200\sb133\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
6. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 What negative point does the reviewer make about
the book?\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a.
The tasks are too demanding for readers with average intelligence.\par\pard\ql
\li1416\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 b. It doesn't work well if
the reader lacks self-confidence.\par\pard\qj \li1411\ri515\sb30\sl-
216\slmult0\tx1627 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c. To fulfil its purpose, the book
requires the reader to carefully examine his/her \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 thoughts and feelings.\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb51\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 d. Some of the instructions are too
complex.\par\pard\qj \li1046\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1046\ri4795\sb105\sl-196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 E. Answer
questions 2-6 by \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 choosing from the
answer\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb16\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 choices
given (a, b, c or d) the one\par\pard\column \qj \li30\ri1631\sb0\sl-
199\slmult0\tx251 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 c. to accept sth without
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 questioning It\par\pard\ql \li25\sb51\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. to explore, to research\par\pard\ql
\li25\sb51\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 e. extremely
useful\par\pard\ql \li25\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 f. a
contrast\par\pard\ql \li30\sb51\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 g. a
related idea\par\pard\ql \li25\sb51\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 h.
rules of behaviour\par\pard\ql \li30\sb51\sl-184\slmult0\tx241 \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex92 I.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 to take on new
members\par\pard\ql \li30\sb176\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 H.
Discuss.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1499\sb22\sl-220\slmult0\tx136 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \u8226? Would you be interested \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 in reading this book?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb50\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \u8226? Are there any specific\par\pard\qj
\li126\ri1358\sb3\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 questions you would
want \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 it to answer?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1581\sb19\sl-
216\slmult0\tx141 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u8226? Have you ever tried to
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 find a Job? How did you\par\pard\ql
\li121\sb32\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 go about it?\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri1365\sb27\sl-220\slmult0\tx141 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \u8226? How
easy is It to find a job \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
nowadays?\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 ''*-c*-j* jk
60\colno3\colw3447\colsr160\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 that best reflects the information \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 in the text. To make sure you\par\pard\qj
\li1051\ri296\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 have chosen the
correct options, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 determine why the other
three \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 are incorrect.\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex166 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 8|
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb36\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex91
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 *�-��mus...\par\pard\ql \li20\sb16\sl-92\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex140 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs8 """\u9632?CMIKH\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 'S YOUR\par\pard\ql \li7113\sb0\sl-92\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li7113\sb0\sl-92\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2905\sb85\sl-92\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs8 \u9632?\u9632?
ai\par\pard\ql \li3121\sb17\sl-187\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex53
>"A,\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 HUN \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 *RS
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 " \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex44 "�\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 *-CH*NCt \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\u8226?"*RS\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri2598\sb92\sl-192\slmult0\fi62 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Color is \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 arachute?\par\pard\ql \li8788\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 l*"*
60\ql \li710\sb0\sl-340\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-340\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Colloquial \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
Connotation\par\pard\qj \li720\ri311\sb0\sl-339\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Counterpoint \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 Delve
into\par\pard\qj \li715\ri761\sb10\sl-335\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142
Etiquette \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 Invaluable \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Recruit\par\pard\ql \li720\sb40\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Savvy\par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-345\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Enhance (v.) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Elevate (v.) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Boost (v.)\par\pard\ql \li715\sb43\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Exceed (v.)\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb16\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Manage
(v.)\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
Run (v.)\par\pard\ql \li710\ri379\sb14\sl-345\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Operate (v.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Undertake
(v.)\par\pard\qj \li715\ri211\sb261\sl-350\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
Occupation (n.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Profession (n.) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Position\par\pard\ql \li710\sb53\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Vocation (v.)\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li715\sb93\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Career
(n.)\par\pard\qj \li720\ri23\sb0\sl-507\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
Employment (n.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Economic (adj.)\par\pard\qj
\li715\ri0\sb292\sl-355\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Economical
(adj.) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Financial (adj.)\par\pard\qj
\li720\ri67\sb255\sl-355\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Productive (adj.)
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Effective (adj.) \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Efficient (adj.)\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li715\sb105\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex154 9|
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li3240\sb0\sl-115\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7872\sb109\sl-
V<\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex79 .i\par\pard\ql \li20\sb199\sl-414\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 Phrases with their
meanings\par\pard\ql \li581\sb37\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Informal\par\pard\qj \li581\ri5983\sb24\sl-
326\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 a related idea \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 a contrast\par\pard\qj \li581\ri4725\sb8\sl-340\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 to explore. To research \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 rules of behaviour\par\pard\ql \li586\sb25\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Extremely useful\par\pard\qj
\li581\ri4489\sb5\sl-350\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 to take on new
members \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Knowledgeable\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex150 \ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Words Easily
Confused\par\pard\ql \li581\sb56\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 to increase or improve\par\pard\qj
\li581\ri1535\sb5\sl-350\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 to improve one's mood
and make them feel happy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 to make sth increase or
become better\par\pard\ql \li581\sb39\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
to be more or greater than\par\pard\qj \li3796\sb0\sl-302\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li581\ri681\sb11\sl-302\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 to succeed in doing
sth. (especially sth. which involves a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 certain degree
of difficulty) / to be in charge of a\par\pard\ql \li581\sb8\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 business.\par\pard\ql \li581\ri3467\sb95\sl-345\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 to be in charge of a business \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 to know how to use sth. To handle\par\pard\ql
\li581\sb38\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 to start doing sth for
which you are responsible\par\pard\ql \li581\ri858\sb276\sl-348\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a job; this word is especially used in forms \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a job; especially one for which special skills are
needed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 a job in a company\par\pard\ql \li581\sb53\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 a type of work which you believe is your
purpose in life\par\pard\ql \li581\ri2130\sb350\sl-350\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a series of jobs in a specific area of work \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 the situation in which people have paid work\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex122 relating to the system of a country's / society's/ region's
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 economy/ relating to money\par\pard\qj
\li576\ri2177\sb48\sl-350\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 using money/
resources sensibly / cheap(er) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 relating to
money\par\pard\ql \li581\ri4055\sb244\sl-364\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
doing or achieving a lot \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 producing the intended
result\par\pard\qj \li581\ri763\sb38\sl-302\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 capable of producing the desired result without wasting
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 time, energy or resources
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 @ \par\pard\ql \li902\sb72\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs32\ul
Vocabulary related to positive and negative character
traits\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4054\colsr160\colno2\colw7546\c
olsr160\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb288\sl-
Promising (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li715\sb162\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 procrastinate (v.)\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb20\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 perfectionism (n.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
:\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb19\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
diligence (n.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li720\sb152\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3806 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 absent-minded (adj.)\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
systematic (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 articulate (adj.)\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li710\sb152\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 wit (n.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb20\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 focused
(adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li720\sb162\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3806 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 humble (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-456\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li715\ri81\sb32\sl-456\slmult0\tx3811 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 acts on his
own\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
initiative\par\pard\ql \li715\sb130\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 ambitious (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
:\par\pard\ql \li720\sb161\sl-299\slmult0\tx3806 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
impatient (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb177\sl-299\slmult0\tx3811 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 opinionated (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
:\par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-458\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-458\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li715\ri1070\sb27\sl-458\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 team
player (n.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 observant (adj.) \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 persuasive (adj.)\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li739\sb269\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 10 |
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li4214\sb0\sl-455\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li20\ri1062\sb9\sl-455\slmult0\fi19 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 showing signs of
being successful or every good \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 to delay doing sth you
should do, usually because \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 you don't want to do
it\par\pard\qj \li34\ri1334\sb6\sl-456\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 the
state of doing things perfectly and not being \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
satisfied with anything less\par\pard\ql \li29\ri1573\sb3\sl-458\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 thorough and careful effort or work \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 tending to forget things, or thinking about sth \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 different from what is around you\par\pard\qj
\li34\ri1275\sb0\sl-456\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 done according to a
careful plan or system in an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 efficient way\par\pard\ql
\li34\sb129\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 expressing thought
clearly\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1223\sb34\sl-455\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 the ability to use words in a clever and a musing \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 way\par\pard\ql \li29\ri2301\sb0\sl-459\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 concentrated on a specific aim \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 not acting or thinking that you are more \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 important than other people\par\pard\ql \li34\sb129\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 acts without being encouraged or urged by
others\par\pard\ql \li4214\sb0\sl-457\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri1046\sb27\sl-
457\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 determined to be rich, successful,
etc. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 irritated because sth isn't happening as
quick as \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 you want it to happen or in the way you
want it to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 happen\par\pard\ql
\li25\ri1315\sb4\sl-458\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 sb who has
strongs feelings about sth and is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 unwilling to change
them, even if they are being \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
unreasonable\par\pard\qj \li34\ri1145\sb6\sl-455\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 sb who works well with others, especially at work \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 good at noticing things that happen\par\pard\qj
\li34\ri1172\sb1\sl-456\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 good at making people
do or believe what you tell \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 them
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Vocabulary Related to Character
Traits\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb80\sl-115\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 V< I
l.i\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4284\colsr160\colno2\colw7316\cols
r160\qj \li705\sb0\sl-455\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li715\ri452\sb82\sl-455\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 strive hard to succeed
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 set long-term goals\par\pard\ql \li705\sb0\sl-
take risks\par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-459\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li705\ri1873\sb27\sl-459\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 be a quitter
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 have strong \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
motivation \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Diligent\par\pard\ql \li720\sb130\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 narrow-minded\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Conscientious\par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Knowledgeable \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
Studious\par\pard\ql \li715\sb131\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
Dedicated\par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1573\sb24\sl-
460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (in)competent \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 meticulous\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li739\sb124\sl-299\slmult0\tx1156\tx1338 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
11\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 |\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137
299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li25\sb67\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 try
hard to achieve sth\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1378\sb29\sl-460\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 decide on sth you want to achieve after a long \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 time\par\pard\qj \li20\ri992\sb0\sl-456\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 to do sth even though you know it could have an \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 unpleasant or dangerous ending\par\pard\ql \li30\sb129\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 sb who gives up easily\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1383\sb37\sl-451\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 have a strong
willingness and eagerness to do \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
sth\par\pard\ql \li30\sb141\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 sb who
words hard and is careful\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1370\sb29\sl-455\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 unwilling to listen to ideas different from your \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 own\par\pard\qj \li30\ri2242\sb10\sl-451\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 sb who words hard and is careful to do \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 everything correctly\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1162\sb11\sl-
457\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 sb who knows a lot about one or more
subjects \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 sb who spends a lot of time reading or
studying \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 sb who spends a lot of time and effort on
sth, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 usually because it is important to
them\par\pard\ql \li30\ri2200\sb0\sl-459\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
(not) capable of doing sth effectively \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 sb who
pays careful attention to details
Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li2592\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2592\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
Uocabulary\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4990\colsr160\colno2\colw66
10\colsr160\qj \li2616\ri136\sb5\sl-192\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 II. Complete the sentences \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 with the correct form of the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 words In the boxes. In some \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 cases, more than one answer \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 may be correct.\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb175\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2500\tx3378\tx4137 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 enhance\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 elevate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 boost\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 exceed\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb171\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 1. He started telling jokes
to\par\pard\qj \li1536\ri329\sb12\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the
mood but everyone still felt awful about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 the
incident.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb99\sl-184\slmult0\tx4291 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 2. Their expenses\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
their\par\pard\qj \li1540\ri375\sb3\sl-249\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
monthly budget so they have implemented \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 cost-cutting
measures.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb93\sl-184\slmult0\tx4190 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 3. If you want to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
the\par\pard\qj \li1536\ri265\sb12\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
flavour of vegetables, try adding some herbs \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 and
virgin olive oil.\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb99\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 4. In an effort to\par\pard\ql \li1536\ri249\sb7\sl-
244\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 productivity, we'll allow our
employees to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 come In to work anytime they wish,
provided \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 they complete their eight-hour
shift.\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1507\sb121\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2438\tx3033\tx3945 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 manage\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 run\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 operate\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 undertake\par\pard\ql \li1334\ri929\sb132\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1540\tx3265 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 5. While my colleague was
away, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
the task of\par\pard\ql \li1540\sb46\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
responding to customer requests.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb113\sl-184\slmult0\tx4262
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 6. While trying to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
the\par\pard\qj \li1540\ri291\sb10\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 huge
workload, he realised he needed to get \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 better at
organising and prioritising things.\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb100\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 7. Five years ago my cousin moved to\par\pard\ql
\li1531\ri125\sb12\sl-244\slmult0\tx3110 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Japan to
teach English, and now she \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a language school
there.\par\pard\ql \li1339\ri1132\sb53\sl-240\slmult0\tx1540 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 8. You need to be able to \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 heavy machinery to get that job.\par\pard\ql
\li1329\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1670\sb102\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2827\tx3926 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 occupation\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 profession\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
position\par\pard\qj \li1579\ri225\sb0\sl-267\slmult0\fi278\tx2827\tx3633 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 vocation\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 career\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 employment \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 The firm
deals with cases concerning human \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 rights, and
they need lawyers who do not\par\pard\qj \li1579\ri439\sb0\sl-
240\slmult0\fi4\tx4233 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 consider their\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 just \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 another job. but
a(n)\par\pard\qj \li1334\ri298\sb44\sl-244\slmult0\tx1579 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 10. In the form in front of you. please fill in only
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 your name, date of birth, contact details
and\par\pard\qj \li1329\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1329\ri164\sb45\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1583 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 11. His acceptance of the transfer
to our branch in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Barcelona depends on
whether his wife will\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb51\sl-184\slmult0\tx3532 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 find\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 In the
city.\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb104\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 12. Mrs
Andrews worked her way up from a very\par\pard\ql \li1574\ri202\sb14\sl-
240\slmult0\fi4\tx3882 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 low-level\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 to CFO of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Johnson & Sons,
building herself a successful\par\pard\qj \li1574\ri739\sb5\sl-
240\slmult0\tx3801 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 20-year\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 corporate
world.\par\pard\ql \li940\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li940\sb70\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex79 10\par\pard\ql \li782\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex147 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 12 |
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li999\sb78\sl-184\slmult0\tx2065\tx3246 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 economic\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 economical\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
financial\par\pard\ql \li5150\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li30\sb11\sl-
184\slmult0\tx4210 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 13. Which would you say is the
most\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 . way to\par\pard\ql \li284\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 use paper In the office?\par\pard\ql
\li30\sb109\sl-184\slmult0\tx3702 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 14. If you were to
ask for his\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 support for\par\pard\ql
\li274\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 your shop, he would agree
immediately.\par\pard\ql \li30\sb109\sl-184\slmult0\tx3913 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 15. Many countries experienced\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 . growth\par\pard\qj \li274\ri2582\sb14\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 when the Internet was introduced, due to the ease of
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 conducting business abroad.\par\pard\ql
184\slmult0\tx2219\tx3193 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 productive\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 effective\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
efficient\par\pard\ql \li30\sb161\sl-184\slmult0\tx3039 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 16. It's been a very\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 year
for the company.\par\pard\ql \li274\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 We opened ice cream parlours in three new
locations.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb109\sl-184\slmult0\tx4187 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 17. Their language teaching methods must be\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 C\par\pard\ql \li274\sb87\sl-153\slmult0\tx2286\tx3740 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 very\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as all\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 S\par\pard\ql \li274\sb1\sl-
258\slmult0\tx4460 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 their
students pass the exams.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 t\par\pard\ql \li3346\sb0\sl-176\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 r^r-\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 18. Mrs White is a very \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 secretary and will be able to\par\pard\ql \li274\sb50\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 reorganise the office In no
time\par\pard\qj \li5184\sb0\sl-192\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li5184\sb0\sl-192\slmult0
192\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 B. Read the descriptions below and
determine which refers to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 an employee and which
to a university student. Then decide \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 if the
character traits in bold are positive, negative or can be \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 both.\par\pard\qj \li202\ri1894\sb150\sl-
208\slmult0\fi4\tx371 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ITom Bailey is a promising young
man. Some might think that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \u8226? he
procrastinates, but the truth is that it's his perfectionism \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 that sometimes prevents him from meeting deadlines. His
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 diligence in research is famous among his peers,
and though he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 can occasionally be absent-minded,
his approach is systematic. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Apart from this. Tom
Bailey is a cultured and articulate individual, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
who is able to express himself clearly and with wit Nevertheless, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 he remains focused and humble despite his impressive
academic \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 performance.\par\pard\qj
\li5184\sb0\sl-208\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li202\ri1898\sb40\sl-208\slmult0\tx447
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 2 Although Mr Anderson has been with us for only a
short \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226? time, he often acts on his own
Initiative. Mr Anderson is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a highly ambitious
Individual and, unfortunately, that has made \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 him
a rather Impatient and opinionated person, traits that do \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 not make him a team player. On the other hand, he has
proven \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 himself observant and persuasive, and
that has driven up sales.\par\pard\ql \li5184\sb0\sl-190\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li63\ri1833\sb174\sl-190\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 [. Think of
people you know and describe them using \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
vocabulary from the texts above and the box below. Don't \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 simply mention the character traits the person possesses,
but \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 also provide evidence of these by mentioning
something that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 person does or has done which
exhibits these qualities.\par\pard\ql \li231\sb132\sl-184\slmult0\tx2195\tx3956
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 strive hard to succeed\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 set long-term goals\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
take risks\par\pard\ql \li596\sb27\sl-184\slmult0\tx1734\tx3726 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 be a quitter\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 have strong
motivation\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 diligent\par\pard\ql \li466\sb22\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1940\tx3318 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 narrow-minded\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 conscientious\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
knowledgeable\par\pard\ql \li226\sb23\sl-184\slmult0\tx1225\tx2324\tx3726 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 studious\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 dedicated\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (in)competent\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
meticulous\par\pard\qj \li5184\sb0\sl-206\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li54\ri1899\sb33\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. Mary strives
hard to succeed in her new Job. which makes her \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
extremely dedicated, effective and reliable.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 \u8364? \par\pard\ql \li11486\sb0\sl-46\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632? \par\pard\qj
\li1622\sb0\sl-200\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1622\ri2502\sb107\sl-200\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 D. Word webs help you learn
and expand your vocabulary. Look at the word web below and complete \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 the missing
words.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5312\colsr160\colno2\colw2797\c
olsr160\colno3\colw3341\colsr160\ql \li1934\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 employed (adj.).\par\pard\ql \li1934\sb61\sl-
1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 (opposite
adj.)\par\pard\qj \li1675\sb0\sl-235\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1675\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex104 employer. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\par\pard\ql
\li1675\sb19\sl-184\slmult0\tx3787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (noun
person)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 word families and\par\pard\ql
\li3887\sb1\sl-164\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 parts of speech\par\pard\qj
\li1924\sb0\sl-201\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1924\ri1056\sb19\sl-
201\slmult0\tx3710 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
(noun). \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 unemployment (opposite noun)\par\pard\qj
\li3849\ri345\sb89\sl-211\slmult0\tx4060 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 definition
and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 example\par\pard\ql \li1660\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 /\par\pard\qj \li1660\ri1014\sb90\sl-244\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 definition: to pay sb to
work for you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 example: 5\par\pard\ql \li772\sb0\sl-
recruit\par\pard\ql \li7070\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li7070\sb0\sl-
synonyms\par\pard\ql \li5472\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5472\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 employ\par\pard\ql \li7080\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 antonyms\par\pard\qj
\li6196\sb0\sl-206\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li744\ri173\sb92\sl-
206\slmult0\fi931\tx1677 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 sack / give \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 lay oH \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 sb the
sack\par\pard\column \ql \li8433\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8433\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 take on\par\pard\ql \li9302\sb0\sl-
appoint\par\pard\ql \li8419\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8419\sb0\sl-
make sb redundant\par\pard\ql \li9412\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1013\sb128\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 dismiss\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs56 J
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632? \par\pard\ql
Uocnbulnrv\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6492\colsr160\colno2\colw51
08\colsr160\qj \li1631\ri456\sb26\sl-196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 H. Read the dialogues and guess what the phrasal
verbs in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 bold mean. Then write them next to the
definitions a-h.\par\pard\qj \li1627\ri275\sb204\sl-206\slmult0\tx2016 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 1. A: How are you coping with your course? Have you managed
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 to catch up? Being away for almost a month
must have left\par\pard\ql \li2016\sb24\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
you with quite a few gaps.\par\pard\qj \li1819\ri196\sb28\sl-206\slmult0\tx2016
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 B: Tell me about it. Unfortunately, no matter how much
studying \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I've been doing for the past two
weeks, I barely scraped through\par\pard\ql \li2011\sb24\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 the exam With a 54% result, I was really close to
falling.\par\pard\ql \li1627\sb171\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 2.
A: Have you seen Charlotte?\par\pard\qj \li1814\ri211\sb13\sl-230\slmult0\fi9
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B: No, but knowing her. she's probably poring over
some book. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 A: You're probably right. She told me
yesterday she wants to\par\pard\ql \li1823\ri786\sb0\sl-221\slmult0\fi196 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 brush up on her Spanish for her trip to Argentina. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B: I bet, If she
puts her mind to it, she'll become almost\par\pard\ql \li2020\sb15\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 bilingual by next month.\par\pard\qj
\li1622\ri592\sb158\sl-206\slmult0\tx2016 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 3. A: Hey.
Jack I didn't expect to see you at a conference for \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 entrepreneurs.\par\pard\qj \li1814\ri374\sb10\sl-
230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 B: Yeah. well. I've owned a few
businesses through the years. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 A: That's great. I
remember you used to spend more time in\par\pard\qj \li2011\ri528\sb0\sl-
204\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 detention than in class. Didn't you drop
out of school in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 year nine?\par\pard\qj
\li1814\ri535\sb31\sl-206\slmult0\tx2011 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 B: Yeah, but
a year later. I went back to school, retook year \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 nine and managed to sail through my university
entry\par\pard\ql \li2006\sb24\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 exams. I
even qualified for a scholarship for Business School.\par\pard\qj
\li1617\ri727\sb149\sl-211\slmult0\tx2011 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 4. A: I
still don't see why you attended that lecture on new \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 marketing strategies.\par\pard\ql \li1804\ri817\sb4\sl-
230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B: Because I enjoy learning about new
things. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 A: Yeah, but it was irrelevant to your
field of study. You\par\pard\qj \li1809\ri327\sb0\sl-221\slmult0\fi201 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 probably had no idea what the lecturer was talking
about. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B: You're wrong. I caught on very
quickly. Professor Brighton\par\pard\ql \li2001\sb20\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 was very good at putting his ideas across.\par\pard\qj
\li1612\ri529\sb158\sl-225\slmult0\tx1809 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. to
quickly improve your skill or knowledge of sth you have \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 already learnt but partly forgotten:\par\pard\ql
\li1617\sb59\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 b. to convey a message
clearly:\par\pard\ql \li1612\sb70\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 c. to
understand or realise sth:\par\pard\ql \li1612\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 d. to succeed In doing sth but with difficulty:\par\pard\ql
\li1612\sb71\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e. to succeed In a test or
exam very easily:\par\pard\ql \li1608\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 f. to look at or read sth carefully for a long
time:\par\pard\ql \li1608\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 g. to
leave school or university without finishing your studies:\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 h. to improve so as to reach the same level as sb or
sth \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 else:\par\pard\qj \li1776\sb0\sl-
192\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1780\ri341\sb85\sl-192\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 Phrasal verbs are commonly used In everyday speech and Informal
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 writing. They should be avoided In academic writing
and more formal \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conversations.\par\pard\qj
\li1776\ri336\sb25\sl-215\slmult0\fi4\tx1876 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex97 \u9632?
Some phrasal verbs are Inseparable (verb and particle remain together):
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 / came across an overdue library book as I
was cleaning my desk. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8226? Some phrasal
verbs are separable and can sometimes follow two\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb4\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sentence patterns:\par\pard\ql
\li1871\sb3\sl-184\slmult0\tx4041 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Kelly handed
her\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Kelly handed In her\par\pard\ql
\li1871\sb8\sl-184\slmult0\tx3532\tx4041 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 report In on
time.\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex91 OR\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 report
on time.\par\pard\qj \li1886\ri611\sb174\sl-192\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 When the object is a personal pronoun. It usually goes between \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 the verb and the particle: Kelly handed it In on
time.\par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-
Page\par\pard\column \qj \li40\ri1638\sb29\sl-192\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 B. Complete sentences 1-10
with the nouns in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 the box to form
collocations.\par\pard\ql \li673\sb122\sl-184\slmult0\tx2368 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 feedback findings\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
horizons\par\pard\ql \li174\sb22\sl-184\slmult0\tx1192 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
hypothesis\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 knowledge meaning
paper\par\pard\ql \li395\sb27\sl-184\slmult0\tx1369\tx2219 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 plagiarism\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 deadline\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 understanding\par\pard\ql \li6667\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li35\sb108\sl-184\slmult0\tx294 \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex83 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 If you wish to comprehend the
full extent of\par\pard\ql \li280\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
the problem, you need to gain a(n)\par\pard\qj \li284\ri1960\sb23\sl-
235\slmult0\fi1660 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 of the way these \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 organisations work.\par\pard\ql \li40\sb106\sl-
184\slmult0\tx299 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
In my macroeconomics course this term,\par\pard\ql \li284\sb56\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 we were given the option of submitting
a\par\pard\qj \li284\ri1565\sb15\sl-240\slmult0\tx2819 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
5,000-word\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Instead of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
sitting for the exam.\par\pard\ql \li35\sb99\sl-184\slmult0\tx289 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Our team will have to present
our\par\pard\ql \li1945\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 on the
decline of the\par\pard\qj \li284\ri1617\sb15\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 local ecosystem in front of three members of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 the college teaching staff.\par\pard\ql \li35\sb100\sl-
184\slmult0\tx289 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
When Marianne started working on her\par\pard\ql \li280\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 dissertation, she was told to avoid\par\pard\ql
\li1902\sb60\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 , which was a polite
way\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1694\sb0\sl-266\slmult0\fi249\tx290 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 of saying that If she copied someone else's \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 work, she would face severe consequences. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 5. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 In many countries,
vocational training Is not\par\pard\qj \li275\ri1629\sb0\sl-238\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 looked down upon; rather, It is considered an \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 excellent way to acquire\par\pard\qj \li275\ri1605\sb2\sl-
244\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 that will be practical and necessary
in finding \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 a job.\par\pard\ql \li30\sb98\sl-
184\slmult0\tx285\tx2737 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 6.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Receiving\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 is
an\par\pard\qj \li275\ri1605\sb14\sl-242\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
Important part of learning, but sarcastic and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 very
critical comments are not pedagogically \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
acceptable.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb99\sl-184\slmult0\tx285 \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex96 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Luckily, the professor extended
the\par\pard\ql \li1931\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 to Friday.
Otherwise,\par\pard\ql \li25\ri1792\sb0\sl-278\slmult0\fi254 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 my essay would have been overdue. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 8. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Travelling around the world
during his gap\par\pard\qj \li275\ri1753\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx3061 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 year carries the potential. I hope, for Harry \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 to broaden his \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 and
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 become more open-minded.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb99\sl-
184\slmult0\tx280 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
Helen's postgraduate research focused on\par\pard\ql \li275\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3107 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 confirming the\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 that\par\pard\qj \li275\ri1596\sb14\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 aspirin does not in fact help people who have \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 had a heart attack.\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1691\sb50\sl-
244\slmult0\tx280\tx2225 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 10. Our professor said that
we had not grasped \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 the \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 of the activity.\par\pard\qj \li270\ri1783\sb3\sl-
242\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 which was to learn how to collaborate
with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 each other, and not necessarily to find the
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 solution to the problem.\par\pard\li9820\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft9720\shptop14067\shpright11226\shpbottom15647\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage
\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
\expndtw0\charscalex110\ul0\nosupersub\cf40\f41\fs148 A{\par}}}}
\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 \u8364? \par\pard\li11107\sb0\sl-
161\slmult0\fi0\tx11308 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex40
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 \u8226?\u9632?, 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex88
in\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1800\sb129\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \\
\ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs44 Uocabulary \par\pard\qj \li3456\ri1345\sb48\sl-
320\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 C. Read
sentences 1-8 and guess what the idioms in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 bold mean.
Then match them to the definitions a-h. \par\pard\ql \li1920\sb157\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2275 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1. \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 We told them not to take that road but they ignored us
and \par\pard\qj \li2275\ri2170\sb32\sl-340\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
ended up stuck in traffic for two hours. It seems like some \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 people just have to learn the hard way.
\par\pard\li1920\sb169\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2284 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 I spend so much time on campus that I know it
like the\par\pard\li1920\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
back of my hand!\par\pard\li1920\sb156\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2289 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 He can't become a top
manager if he doesn't work his way\par\pard\li1920\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi360
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 through the junior positions first; after all, you
have to learn\par\pard\li1920\sb80\sl-276\slmult0\fi355 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 to walk before you can run.\par\pard\li1920\sb155\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2280 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 4.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 The project we were given was tough, so I was taken by
surprise\par\pard\li1920\sb75\sl-276\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
when I found out that I had passed with flying colours.\par\pard\li1920\sb156\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Since it's her first week here, can you show the new girl
the\par\pard\li1920\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
ropes?\par\pard\qj \li1920\ri2348\sb104\sl-340\slmult0\tx2280 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 6. The experience taught me a powerful lesson - no more
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 last-minute cramming before an exam.
\par\pard\ql \li1915\sb153\sl-276\slmult0\tx2275 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 7.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 You should ask my cousin about opening a
restaurant. He's \par\pard\ql \li2280\sb84\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 been running one for decades so he knows all the angles.
\par\pard\ql \li1920\sb144\sl-276\slmult0\tx2275 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 8.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 The French course Greg's attending covers a lot
of ground, \par\pard\qj \li2270\ri2273\sb32\sl-340\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 but that was expected since it's intensive and
guarantees \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 success. \par\pard\ql \li1915\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1915\sb57\sl-276\slmult0\tx2265 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to experience the
negative effects of your actions and \par\pard\ql \li2280\sb64\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 improve your future behaviour
b.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to deal with a great amount of
information\par\pard\li1905\sb156\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx2265 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to be very familiar
with sth\par\pard\li1905\sb155\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx2265 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to master a basic skill
before you do sth more difficult\par\pard\li1905\sb157\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx2265
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 e.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to teach sb how to
do a specific job\par\pard\li1905\sb155\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2265 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 f.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to do very
well\par\pard\li1905\sb157\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx2265 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
g.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to learn from one's own unpleasant experiences
rather than\par\pard\li1905\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
from the advice of others\par\pard\li1905\sb161\sl-276\slmult0\fi14\tx2270 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 h.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to possess the skills
and knowledge needed to be able to deal\par\pard\li1905\sb74\sl-
276\slmult0\fi364 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 with sth/sb\par\pard\ql
\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
184\slmult0\fi10377\tx11404 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \\i\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
U\par\pard\li720\sb182\sl-345\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
\ul0\nosupersub\cf41\f42\fs30\ul Language Plus\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb89\sl-276\slmult0\fi292\tx1430 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 >\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Some words can have several meanings for the same part of
speech (e.g.\par\pard\li720\sb175\sl-276\slmult0\fi700 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
term).\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-276\slmult0\fi292\tx1430 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 Some words have
completely different meanings for the different parts of\par\pard\li720\sb175\sl-
276\slmult0\fi710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 speech (e.g. mark).\par\pard\ql
\li1012\sb181\sl-276\slmult0\tx1430 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 > \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 Some words have the same meaning but are associated with
either British \par\pard\qj \li1411\ri646\sb32\sl-460\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 or American English (e.g. mark BrE - grade AmE, term BrE -
semester \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 AmE). \par\pard\ql \li2764\sb135\sl-
345\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf41\f42\fs30\ul Meanings
of the words in each sentence \par\pard\li864\sb196\sl-276\slmult0\fi38\tx1425 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 1.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 term (BrE) (n.) = one of the periods in the year during
which classes are\par\pard\li864\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi556 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 held in universities/colleges\par\pard\li864\sb180\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex131 mark (BrE)/grade (AmE) (v.) = to give a number to assess
the quality of a\par\pard\li864\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi566 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 student's work\par\pard\li864\sb180\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 degree (n.) = a university/college
qualification\par\pard\li864\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1425 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 (second-)degree (adj.)
= used to describe the seriousness of a burn\par\pard\li864\sb175\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 mark (v.) = label/characterise sth\par\pard\li864\sb185\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 term (n.) = a word referring to
sth\par\pard\li864\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx1401 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130
7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 mark (n.) = a spot of dirt on a
surface\par\pard\li864\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx1396 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130
8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 degree (n.) = level\par\pard\li864\sb180\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 (top-)grade (n.) = (high) level\par\pard\ql
\li902\sb180\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 10. term (n.) =
condition \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb188\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex147 16
| Page \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg18}{\bkmkend
\par\pard\ql\li2040\ri1366\sb217\sl-300\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 D. Look at the words in the box. These words can have
several \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 meanings. Complete the sentences with the
correct form of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 these words. \par\pard\ql
\li4204\sb160\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 grade mark term
degree \par\pard\li2044\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2491\tx9700 \up0
1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Which courses are you taking this\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 ?\par\pard\li2044\sb141\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2491\tx9600
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 The teacher spent
the afternoon\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 the\par\pard\li2044\sb103\sl-
276\slmult0\fi446 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 students'
essays.\par\pard\li2044\sb142\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2500\tx9000 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Michael is currently
doing a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 at\par\pard\li2044\sb113\sl-
276\slmult0\fi456 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Manchester
University.\par\pard\li2044\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2500\tx9748 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 He's in hospital
suffering from second-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
burns.\par\pard\li2044\sb142\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2486\tx8524 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 The glasses are in a
box\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 'fragile'.\par\pard\li2044\sb142\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2486\tx5860 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 6.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 The\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 dyslexia refers to a
learning disability.\par\pard\li2044\sb141\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2496\tx7958 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Our dirty shoes
left\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 all over the living\par\pard\li2044\sb108\sl-
276\slmult0\fi451 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 room
floor.\par\pard\li2044\sb137\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2486\tx8375 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 This task requires a
high\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 of concentration.\par\pard\li2044\sb147\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Everything manufactured by this company is top-\par\pard\ql
\li5457\sb104\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 quality.
\par\pard\li2040\sb140\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx7612 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 10.
According to the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 of the agreement, the\par\pard\ql
\li2491\sb108\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 tuition fees should be
paid before the end of the year. \par\pard\ql \li763\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs42 unit i Listening \par\pard\qj \li1185\ri366\sb132\sl-
320\slmult0\tx1646 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex178 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 A.
Listen to three short conversations, and answer \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex179 questions a-c. \par\pard\qj \li2140\sb0\sl-280\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li2140\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2140\sb0\sl-280\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li2140\ri6195\sb234\sl-280\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex186 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 What kind of life do \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex187 you see yourself \par\pard\qj \li2160\ri5678\sb0\sl-
280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex194 leading ten years from \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex181 now? \par\pard\ql \li1920\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex195 To tell you the truth, I don't like \par\pard\ql
\li1915\ri3476\sb9\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex195 thinking that far
ahead. It's difficult \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 to say, but I might be living in
the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex184 countryside \u8212? that would be nice. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex184 Moreover, I hope I will have \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex194 managed to find and keep a job that \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex188 fulfills me in some way. Personally, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex195 I don't care about money that much, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex193 but I hope I will make enough to be \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex194 able to do the things I enjoy. \par\pard\qj \li2956\sb0\sl-
273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2956\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2956\sb0\sl-
273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2956\ri4938\sb268\sl-273\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex186 Can you briefly tell us \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex184 about
a TV programmi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 you watched recently \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex187 and liked? \par\pard\ql \li2328\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex188 Actually, I didn't use to watch TV. But recently
\par\pard\ql \li2323\ri861\sb8\sl-277\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex194 we
got satellite TV and I started watching nature \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex195
documentaries and got hooked. In particular, I \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 enjoy a
series on surviving in the forests of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex191 Alaska.
The episodes I've watched show how a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex190 family decided to
build a house there and what it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 took for them to
bring water and electricity so \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 far into the
heart of the wilderness. Learning \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex194 about other
lifestyles is fascinating. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex145 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 18 | Page
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 -i i u \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 What hobbies are you \par\pard\ql \li3475\sb32\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex196 pursuing at the moment? \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql\li2803\sb141\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex192 Well, I like
to keep fit so I've recently \par\pard\ql \li2779\ri1974\sb8\sl-277\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex191 joined an amateur volleyball team. The \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex196 reason I chose this is because I wanted \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex191 to get involved in a team sport. You see, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex187 exercise alone at home \u8212? I run on a \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex189 treadmill. Besides volleyball, I'm really \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex194 into photography and take snaps of \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex191 everyday life. Whatever interesting \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex195 scenes I capture, I upload them for \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex193 others to enjoy. \par\pard\ql \li1631\sb0\sl-320\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1631\ri741\sb188\sl-320\slmult0\tx2107\tx2083 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex175 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 a) Which question refers to the
present; which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex179 refers to the past; and which
refers to the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex180 future? \par\pard\qj
\li1641\ri491\sb0\sl-320\slmult0\tx2083 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex179 b) Which
tenses do the speakers use to answer \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex180 the
questions? \par\pard\ql \li1631\ri356\sb20\sl-320\slmult0\tx2092\tx2083 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex175 c) Which expressions or linking words/phrases \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex177 do the speakers use? Find them and complete
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex178 the tables below. \par\pard\ql
\li3758\sb299\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex150 Expressing an opinion
\par\pard\qj \li2520\ri5283\sb38\sl-420\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex190
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 In my opinion/view, ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex191 I
believe that ... \par\pard\ql \li2529\ri3167\sb0\sl-420\slmult0\tx3000 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex192 Personally speaking, I think that ... \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex155 1. \par\pard\ql \li2520\sb138\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex191 I find that ... \par\pard\ql \li2520\sb129\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex166 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 It seems to to
me that ... \par\pard\ql \li2520\sb159\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex194 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 I feel that ... \par\pard\qj
\li2520\ri6764\sb30\sl-420\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex189 If you ask me, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex197 I'd say that ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex181 For
me, ... \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
253\slmult0
Expressing Possibility \par\pard\qj \li1252\ri6651\sb40\sl-480\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 Maybe/Perhaps/Probably ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 I
can't say for sure, but I ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I'm not certain, but I
may ... \par\pard\qj \li1252\ri4477\sb0\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139
I've never thought about it, but I suppose ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 2.
\par\pard\ql \li1252\sb149\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 One
possibility I'm considering is ... \par\pard\ql \li1252\sb184\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 I'm thinking of ... but I haven't made up my mind yet.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Giving an example
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 For example, \par\pard\ql \li1219\sb204\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 6. \par\pard\ql \li1219\sb184\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 particularly/especially/specifically
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Using discourse markers to
sound
natural\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4582\colsr160\colno2\colw7018\
colsr160\qj \li1209\ri1821\sb67\sl-470\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Anyway, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
7.\par\pard\qj \li1209\ri1561\sb1\sl-475\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132
Of course, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 You know, ... \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 8.\par\pard\qj \li1214\ri1701\sb0\sl-476\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 I mean, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
Basically, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 9.\par\pard\ql \li1224\sb163\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Hopefully, ...\par\pard\ql
\li1214\sb200\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 I'm afraid
(that)...\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-
20 | Page\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri4764\sb67\sl-465\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 To be honest, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Quite
frankly, ...\par\pard\ql \li20\sb172\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
10.\par\pard\qj \li44\ri4035\sb36\sl-475\slmult0\tx121 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142
I must admit (that)... \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 indeed,
...\par\pard\ql \li82\sb165\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 after
all, ...\par\pard\qj \li63\ri3973\sb35\sl-475\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136
As a matter of fact, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 In fact,
...\par\pard\qj \li87\ri5057\sb1\sl-475\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 In
general, ... \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex143 sort/kind of
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632? \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 A. Read the questions in the box, and answer the
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex172 questions that follow. \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 1. What do you like best about the house you're living
in now? \par\pard\ql \li1468\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 2.
What do you consider to be your most significant achievement? \par\pard\ql
\li1468\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 3. What fun activities have
you recently engaged in? \par\pard\ql \li1463\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 4. Why is the course you're doing important to you?
\par\pard\ql \li1468\sb24\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 5. Do you
prefer holidaying with a small or large group of friends? \par\pard\ql
\li1468\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 6. What kind of job would
you like to do in the future? \par\pard\ql \li1473\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 7. What -would you say is the best thing that has ever
happened to you? \par\pard\ql \li1468\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 8. Do you think you could spend a week without using the
Internet? \par\pard\ql \li1468\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 9.
How important is fitness to you? \par\pard\qj \li1488\ri1145\sb1\sl-
280\slmult0\tx1920 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 10. Would you say you're more
mature now than you were three years \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 ago?
\par\pard\ql \li1483\sb24\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 11. What are
your plans for the coming year? \par\pard\ql \li1488\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 12. How do you choose your friends? \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 1. Do the questions ask about
general topics or for personal information and opinion? \par\pard\ql
\li1084\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 2. Which tense(s) would you
use to answer each question? \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri1496\sb2\sl-
260\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 3. In an exam situation, what would
you say if you didn't hear or understand the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
question? \par\pard\ql \li1075\sb6\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 4.
In an exam situation, what would you say if you needed more time to think?
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Asking for clarification
or repetition \par\pard\ql \li1224\sb201\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Could you repeat that, please? \par\pard\ql
\li1224\ri3797\sb32\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Sorry. Would you
mind saying that again, please? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Could you please
rephrase the question? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Sorry, did you
say ...? \par\pard\ql \li1224\sb130\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 I'm
afraid I didn't understand/get that. \par\pard\ql \li4569\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li4569\sb242\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Gaining time
to think \par\pard\qj \li1224\ri4373\sb52\sl-480\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Well, let's see now. Erm..., how shall I put it? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Let me think/see. \par\pard\ql \li1219\sb150\sl-299\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 You know, that's an interesting question. \par\pard\ql
\li1224\sb181\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 I've never given it a lot
of thought. You see, ... \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 -i in \par\pard\ql \li724\sb298\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Unit lb Writing a Covering
Letter \par\pard\ql \li1075\sb238\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 A.
Discuss: \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb36\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8226? The difference(s) between a CV and a covering
letter \par\pard\ql \li1800\sb44\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141
\u8226? Situations where/when someone needs to write a covering letter \par\pard\ql
\li1800\sb44\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 \u8226? When applying for
a position, what is more important? \par\pard\ql \li2520\sb44\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 a) proving one has related qualities \par\pard\ql
\li2889\sb24\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 (degree, certificates)
\par\pard\ql \li2524\ri4925\sb8\sl-320\slmult0\tx2889 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140
b) one has the necessary traits \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 (e.g. hard-
working, creative) \par\pard\ql \li1065\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
{\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK "http://www.jobsearch.co.uk/" }}{\fldrslt
{\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul www.jobsearch.co.uk}}} \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Employer: A Design Location: London Position:
Graphic Design Intern \par\pard\qj \li1060\sb0\sl-310\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li1060\ri1085\sb246\sl-310\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 We
offer three places in our six-month programme, requiring 15-20 hours per \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 week. Candidates with exceptional potential will be
considered for paid \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 employment. \par\pard\qj
\li1051\ri1094\sb168\sl-313\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Ideal
candidates should be ambitious, confident and possess creative flair. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 They will be expected to work in a fast-paced environment,
meet strict \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 deadlines, prioritise multiple projects
and be able to see a project through \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 from inception to
completion \par\pard\ql \li1070\sb198\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135
Requirements \par\pard\ql \li1420\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
\u8226? BA or MA in Graphic Design / Media
Arts\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7855\colsr160\colno2\colw3745\col
sr160\qj \li1420\ri0\sb5\sl-316\slmult0\tx1790 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex146 \u8226?
Some experience in print and web design \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134
provided)\par\pard\qj \li1420\ri1774\sb0\sl-312\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex141 \u8226? Experience in animation a plus \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex140 \u8226? Software: Adobe Creative Suite\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Contact personnel department at
\ul0\nosupersub\cf24\f25\fs20\ul infotaiadesiqnstudio,co.uk\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 22|Page\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb38\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 (portfolio must be
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 To whom it may concern, \par\pard\ql \li1248\sb227\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 I am writing to express my interest in
your graphic design internship \par\pard\qj \li1252\ri944\sb29\sl-300\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 programme, as advertised online atjobsearch.co.uk. I
have been following the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 progress of A Design and I am
familiar with your work. \par\pard\ql \li1248\sb219\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 I have a BA (Hons) in Graphic Design from the University of
Edinburgh and I \par\pard\ql \li1257\sb67\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 have been freelancing for the past five months. As you will
see from my \par\pard\ql \li1238\ri921\sb20\sl-310\slmult0\fi19 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 portfolio, I have worked for a variety of local businesses
and online companies, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 both in print and digital media.
I am certified for all Adobe programs related to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134
graphic design, and continue to develop my expertise by following online \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 tutorials and attending training courses on new software. I
am a hard worker \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 and I am highly self-motivated to
continuously improve. \par\pard\ql \li1238\ri891\sb166\sl-316\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 Working while studying required that I be extremely
disciplined. I managed my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 time in the most efficient
way and learnt to prioritise effectively so as not to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134
fall behind on any of my responsibilities. As a freelancer, I had to take full
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 control of a project from beginning to end,
producing a variety of possible \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 ideas and
styles. Some of these projects involved working with other \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 professionals, such as printers and web developers, which
has helped me \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 acquire valuable skills.
\par\pard\ql \li1248\ri1093\sb167\sl-313\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 I
consider myself an ideal candidate for the internship programme at ADesign \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 and I would appreciate the opportunity you offer to work
alongside \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 experienced professionals. I have
attached my CV for your consideration. I \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 look forward
to receiving a favourable reply. Thank you for your time. \par\pard\ql
\li1238\sb197\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Yours faithfully,
\par\pard\ql \li1248\sb67\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Oliver
Campbell \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 23|Page
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 MYVXSl I I' \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1. Which point in the advertisement does Oliver
Campbell not refer \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 to at all? Why do you
think this is so? \par\pard\qj \li1449\ri1795\sb20\sl-360\slmult0\tx1800 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 2. If he were to add it, where do you think it would be
most \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 appropriate? Why? \par\pard\ql
\li1449\sb32\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 3. What information is
included in each paragraph? Make notes. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb58\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 4. Which of the features below apply to the covering
letter? Tick. \par\pard\ql \li1804\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1804\sb152\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 \u8226?
Sentences \par\pard\qj \li2164\ri5658\sb19\sl-360\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Simple, short sentences \u8212?
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Complex sentences \u8212?-\par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 \u8226?\tab \up0
Content\par\pard\qj \li2174\ri5351\sb0\sl-370\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 positive personality traits \u8212? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 negative personality traits \u8212? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 previous experience \par\pard\ql \li2164\sb12\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 qualifications \u8212? \par\pard\qj
\li2160\ri4391\sb27\sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 examples
demonstrating abilities \u8212? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 physical
description \u8212? \par\pard\li1800\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li1800\sb92\sl-
322\slmult0\fi0\tx2174 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \u8226?\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Register\par\pard\ql \li2164\ri7859\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Formal \u8212? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Informal ---\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1800\sb55\sl-322\slmult0\tx2174 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Language Grammar \par\pard\qj
\li2155\ri7328\sb27\sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Active Voice
\u8212? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Passive Voice \par\pard\qj
\li2174\ri5869\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Linking
words/phrases \u8212? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Relative Clauses
\u8212?-\par\pard\li1454\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li1454\sb64\sl-
322\slmult0\fi345\tx2155 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226?\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Vocabulary\par\pard\li1454\sb48\sl-322\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Descriptive Language \u8212?\par\pard\li1454\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Do you think Oliver
Campbell has a good chance of getting the\par\pard\li1454\sb43\sl-322\slmult0\fi360
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 position? Why / why not?\par\pard\qj
\li1094\ri1526\sb4\sl-360\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 B. Look at
the advertisement and the letter again and find \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 words that mean the following \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex147 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 24 | Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1. Outstanding (ad): \par\pard\ql \li1454\sb58\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 2. The beginning (ad): \par\pard\ql
\li1444\sb38\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 3. Having the official
documents that prove you are qualified \par\pard\li1814\sb53\sl-
322\slmult0\fi0\tx4967 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 (letter):\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 Special skills or knowledge in a\par\pard\ql
\li1809\sb43\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 particular area
(letter): \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb38\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 4.
Able to control your behavior (letter): \par\pard\ql \li1449\sb38\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 5. Positive (letter): \par\pard\ql \li1084\sb60\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 C. Read the
two paragraphs below taken from two \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri729\sb15\sl-
413\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 covering letters which were written for a
managerial \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 position in a firm specializing in online
games. Then, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 identify the mistakes made and write them
on the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 lines below. \par\pard\ql
\li1463\ri636\sb25\sl-368\slmult0\tx1804\tx1814\tx1804\tx1814\tx1800 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1. As is evident from my CV, I
have been employed by several tech \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 giants,
such as Alternate Reality, where I single-handedly set the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 basis for a knew online game and left when the work became
to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 easy. Although I have never worked as a
project manager \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 before, I am intelligent
and ambitious enough to accomplish any \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
challenge that comes my way. Moreover, I am tall and well-built \par\pard\qj
\li1795\ri731\sb0\sl-360\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 - being a rugby
player - meaning that I am a naturally imposing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
figure. \par\pard\qj \li926\sb0\sl-370\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li926\ri711\sb1\sl-
370\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 2. As you can see from my CV, in the last
three years I have worked for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Gaming Zone and Online
Entertainment. Apart from that, I am a hard� \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 working,
honest, resourceful and adaptable individual as well as an \par\pard\ql
\li1003\ri1346\sb0\sl-366\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 excellent
communicator. I am upbeat and work well in a team, so \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
maybe I could become a great project manager. Although in my \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 previous jobs I had an issue with being punctual, I am
working on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 overcoming this weakness. \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex172 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 25|Page
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 26|Page
w\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5940\colsr160\colno2\colw5660\colsr1
60\ql \li1675\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1675\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 R. Choose a,
b, c or d.\par\pard\ql \li1670\sb61\sl-184\slmult0\tx4521 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 1. Most students barely manage to\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 that professor's\par\pard\ql \li1867\sb42\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 exams, with the majority failing on a regular
basis.\par\pard\column \ql \li11054\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 iM\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 '\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 6. For most people, 'love'
has a very\par\pard\ql \li3318\sb0\sl-384\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex86
\ul0\super\cf12\f13\fs57 �\ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs58 m\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 positive\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 as It
reminds them of
happiness\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5935\colsr160\colno2\colw368
7\colsr20\colno3\c
olw1968\colsr160\ql \li1867\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx3998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
a. scrape through\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 c. sail through\par\pard\ql
\li1862\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx3993 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. come
through\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d. go through\par\pard\ql \li1665\sb1\sl-
151\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 2. Businesses these days are looking for
people who are\par\pard\qj \li1871\ri149\sb9\sl-230\slmult0\fi307 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 , or In other words, able to fulfil more than one role \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 if necessary.\par\pard\ql \li1862\sb53\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. resourceful\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 c. versatile\par\pard\ql \li1871\sb42\sl-184\slmult0\tx3998
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 b. ever-changing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d.
action-oriented\par\pard\ql \li1670\sb90\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 3. The new school policy will be the subject of a
heated\par\pard\column \ql \li270\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
and being cared for.\par\pard\ql \li265\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx2368 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 a. connotation\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 c.
compilation\par\pard\ql \li270\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx2368 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 b. content\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d.
context\par\pard\ql \li20\sb78\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 7.
Angelo needs to learn how to put limits to his\par\pard\qj \li270\ri0\sb9\sl-
225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 otherwise nothing and nobody will ever be
good \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 enough for him.\par\pard\ql \li265\sb64\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2368 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. diligence\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 c. introspection\par\pard\ql \li270\sb36\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2373 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. procrastination\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 d. perfectionism\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-
522\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs58 m\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 s? \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb18\sl-
184\slmult0\fi1137\tx6100\tx6345\tx8611 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 between parents and teachers at next week's
city\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex105 8.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex107 150
employees were made\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex108 when the
advertising\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb46\sl-184\slmult0\fi777\tx6340
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 hall meeting.\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex107 agency
closed.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb61\sl-
184\slmult0\fi768\tx4003\tx6340\tx8438 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a.
formation\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 c. fight\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex111 a. redundant\tab \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 c. dismissed\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1094\sb42\sl-184\slmult0\fi768\tx3998\tx6345\tx8438 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 b. debate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d.
counterpoint\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102 b. fired\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex103 d. laid off\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb90\sl-
184\slmult0\fi571\tx6095 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 4. The company I work for
chooses to employ\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex109 9. Being a relief worker means
that Harriet has to be\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb41\sl-
184\slmult0\fi777\tx6350\tx7175 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 because this gives
them the chance to spot new talent.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 highly\tab
\dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to be able to function in the varied
and\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb71\sl-184\slmult0\fi772\tx4003\tx6345
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a. personnel\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 c.
jobseekers\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 often difficult situations she finds
herself in.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb41\sl-
184\slmult0\fi772\tx4003\tx6340\tx8447 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 b.
Interns\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 d. freelancers\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex109 a. studious\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex110 c.
upbeat\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb66\sl-
184\slmult0\fi571\tx6350\tx8443 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 5. When most of the
students confessed they hadn't\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 b.
meticulous\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 d.
adaptable\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb36\sl-
184\slmult0\fi768\tx5404\tx6095\tx7003 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 finished their
project, their teacher agreed to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the\tab \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex101 10. The\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex108 of the situation
was made evident when we\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb42\sl-
184\slmult0\fi768\tx6345 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 deadline.\tab \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex107 spotted our professor walking angrily towards
us.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1094\sb66\sl-
184\slmult0\fi763\tx3998\tx6340\tx8443 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a. meet\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c. extend\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a.
state\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c. accuracy\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
b. set\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 d. make\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b.
gravity\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d. meaning\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1094\sb0\sl-184\slmult0\par\pard\li1094\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0\par\pard\li1094\sb7\sl-184\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
B. Read the text and choose a, b, c or d.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1094\sb86\sl-391\slmult0\fi643 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 To deepen learning, get out the
paints\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5820\colsr40\colno2\colw5900\co
lsr160\qj \li1795\ri0\sb132\sl-242\slmult0\tx4206 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 'Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will
take you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 everywhere,' said once a brilliant physicist.
These words \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 can very well sum up the 1 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 of a three-year study\par\pard\qj \li1795\ri0\sb2\sl-
in fifteen schools In our district. The study compared \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 students' performance in schools where the arts are
taught \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 in isolation for a few hours each week
with schools where\par\pard\qj \li1790\ri0\sb2\sl-244\slmult0\tx3124 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 the arts are 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 in the
daily teaching of language and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 the
sciences.\par\pard\qj \li1795\ri0\sb100\sl-241\slmult0\tx4267 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 The results are impressive. 4\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 . students' academic \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
skills improved, with students themselves noticing how \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 explaining ideas through art helped them understand the
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 concepts more quickly and remember them for
longer.\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4291\sb127\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 1. a. data\par\pard\ql \li4286\sb71\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 2. a. operated\par\pard\ql
\li4286\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 3. a.
incorporated\par\pard\ql \li4286\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
4. a. Quite frankly\par\pard\ql \li4286\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 5. a. inabilities\par\pard\ql \li4291\sb66\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 6. a. exceed\par\pard\ql \li4286\sb51\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 7. a.
limit\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb2\sl-211\slmult0\tx4286 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 8. a.
heightened\par\pard\ql \li3758\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3758\sb236\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex59 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Be�\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 n\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
27|Page\par\pard\column \ql \li270\sb179\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Students with learning
5\par\pard\ql \li270\ri3100\sb15\sl-240\slmult0\fi9\tx1246 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 became more articulate and were \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 able to 6 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 their reading
skills. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Teachers were impressed with
their\par\pard\ql \li275\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 students'
increased ability to think outside\par\pard\ql \li270\ri1832\sb8\sl-
243\slmult0\fi4\tx990 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the 7\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 when facing science problems, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 as well as with the drop in detention time and \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Increase in attendance, as students related school
to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a positive learning and emotional experience.
Parents\par\pard\qj \li270\ri1611\sb5\sl-240\slmult0\fi4\tx3515 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 reported that their children displayed a 8\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 awareness \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 of the power of
images in advertisements and made\par\pard\ql \li280\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 better choices because of it.\par\pard\ql \li5860\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1845\tx3395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 b. findings\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 c. answers\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d.
discoveries\par\pard\ql \li20\sb71\sl-184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3395 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b. run\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c. managed\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 d. conducted\par\pard\ql \li20\sb61\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3400 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 b. entered\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 c. absorbed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
d.featured\par\pard\ql \li25\sb70\sl-184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3395 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b. Among other things\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 c.
For this reason\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 d. Of course\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb65\sl-184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b.
capabilities\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 c. abilities\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 d. disabilities\par\pard\ql \li20\sb66\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b. enhance\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 c. elevate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d.
enlarge\par\pard\ql \li20\sb66\sl-184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3400 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 b. mind\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 c. box\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 d. issue\par\pard\ql \li25\sb65\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1849\tx3400 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 b. lengthy\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 c. valued\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 d. social
\ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs96 B \par\pard\li1286\sb0\sl-
colsr160\ql \li2721\sb171\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 C. Choose a, b, c or d.\par\pard\ql \li1862\sb0\sl-
&\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 1. We were going
to have fish tonight\par\pard\column \ql \li1286\sb0\sl-128\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li20\sb117\sl-128\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6. 'Tom's Just gone to
human resources
again.'\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw2753\colsr160\colno2\colw2970\
colsr160\colno3\colw5727\colsr160\ql \li1680\sb0\sl-400\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 S\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-
s\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri788\sb0\sl-239\slmult0\tx1237 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 but we're finally cooking
pasta \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 because we \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 any for days.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb71\sl-
184\slmult0\tx414 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 '\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
there twice this
morning?'\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5614\colsr160\colno2\colw598
6\colsr160\ql \li1286\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^\par\pard\ql \li1871\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx3662 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 a. haven't had\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 c. aren't having\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb0\sl-144\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. haven't been having d. won't have
had\par\pard\qj \li1579\ri159\sb0\sl-167\slmult0\fi4\tx5150 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 You must be the new office intern. Come on, I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the ropes, If you
like.\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb73\sl-184\slmult0\tx3667 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
a. 'm going to show\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 c. 'II show\par\pard\ql
\li1579\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx3662 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b. show\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 d. 'm showing\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb114\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3931 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 3. Your hands are full of paint\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ?\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb85\sl-184\slmult0\tx3662 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 a. will you be drawing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 c.
have you drawn\par\pard\ql \li1583\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx3667 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 b. will you draw\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 d. have
you been drawing\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb108\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 4. 'Has anyone offered to bring dessert?'\par\pard\ql
\li1579\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx2495 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 'Andrew\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 .'\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb90\sl-184\slmult0\tx3662 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 a. 's going to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 c.
is\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx3662 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b.
does\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 d. Is about to\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb109\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 5. When the sailing race begins later In
the day, the\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb61\sl-184\slmult0\tx2817 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 competitors\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 for windier
weather than last month\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb84\sl-184\slmult0\tx3662 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 a. are going to hope\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 c.
will be hoping\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx3657 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 b. are hoping\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 d. will have
hoped\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1334\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 D. Complete the gaps in the text with one
word only.\par\pard\ql \li1598\sb182\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 Saving the world -\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb1\sl-
364\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 one big idea
at a time\par\pard\qj \li1463\ri790\sb15\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Singularity University is
like no other. It offers a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 10-week long summer
graduate programme for\par\pard\ql \li1454\ri155\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\fi9\tx2862 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 80 students aged 19 to 51. These students, who \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 are among the most brilliant minds worldwide, are
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
entrepreneurs, experts in their fields\par\pard\ql \li1459\sb62\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3076 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 or 2\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 done something that shows\par\pard\qj
\li1454\ri408\sb13\sl-261\slmult0\fi9\tx4295 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
leadership. They do 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 expect to be \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 awarded a degree: they are there for the challenge \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 they are presented with. For ten weeks they
will\par\pard\qj \li1454\ri336\sb0\sl-262\slmult0\tx2898 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 studying the latest in
tomorrow's \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 technology - including nanotech.
artificial intelligence\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Self-assessment\par\pard\column
\ql \li279\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx2382 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 a. Will he already be going\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 c. Hasn't he already been\par\pard\ql \li279\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0\tx2382 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 b. Hasn't he already gone\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 d. Isn't he already going\par\pard\ql \li30\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0\tx898 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 7. We\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 the deal for two hours by that point, so It'll
be\par\pard\qj \li279\ri1826\sb0\sl-199\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a good
time for you to bring in a new pot of coffee and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 some
snacks.\par\pard\ql \li274\sb81\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. will
have been negotiating c. will be negotiating\par\pard\ql \li279\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2382 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. are going to negotiate\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 d. will negotiate\par\pard\ql \li30\sb109\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1350 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 8. Scientists\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 being able to fully map the part of\par\pard\ql
\li279\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 human DNA that is
responsible for controlling cells.\par\pard\ql \li274\sb89\sl-184\slmult0\tx2382
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a. are about to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c.
are due to\par\pard\ql \li279\sb56\sl-184\slmult0\tx2382 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 b. are on the brink of\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d.
are sure to\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1801\sb60\sl-244\slmult0\tx644 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 9. My sister is studying to be a chemical engineer but
she \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 uncertain about which field to
follow.\par\pard\ql \li274\sb75\sl-184\slmult0\tx2377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
a. has been appearing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 c. appears\par\pard\ql
\li274\sb61\sl-184\slmult0\tx2377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b. has
appeared\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 d. is appearing\par\pard\ql
\li25\sb108\sl-184\slmult0\tx879 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 10. We\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 forward to
watching this documentary for ages.\par\pard\ql \li274\sb80\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a. look\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 c. 've been looking\par\pard\ql \li274\sb61\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 b. 're looking\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 d. will be looking\par\pard\qj \li5774\sb0\sl-
264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li5774\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li5774\sb0\sl-
264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li25\ri1933\sb48\sl-264\slmult0\tx1995 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 and robotics - and working in teams on different
projects \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 to help 5 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 the basis and eventually\par\pard\ql \li25\ri1965\sb0\sl-
260\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 help solve some of the world's biggest
problems: \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 poverty, pollution, water shortages,
as well as health \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and energy issues. The aim of
the programme is to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 positively affect the lives
of over a billion people within \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a decade, but
the outcome of the projects is not possible\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2220\sb9\sl-
254\slmult0\tx3265 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 to predict. Many of these 6\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 succeed.
However, this is not regarded as defeat; as a\par\pard\ql \li20\ri2056\sb5\sl-
of fact it is seen as part of learning. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 'One of
the things we try to teach the students is not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
to be scared to fail - if you want to make a big impact.\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri2233\sb0\sl-262\slmult0\tx1950 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 you're 8\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 to have to take a big risk,' \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 says the CEO of SU. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj
\li1320\ri3130\sb5\sl-180\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Read the
following and tick the appropriate boxes. For the points you are unsure of, refer
back to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the relevant sections in the module.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 now i
tun\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5614\colsr160\colno2\colw5986\cols
r160\ql \li1444\ri135\sb113\sl-240\slmult0\fi4\tx1579\tx5401 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 I discuss Issues related to
employment, education, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dreams and
ambitions \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 | \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 )
use appropriate tenses to talk about present time\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb14\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 and link past time to
present\par\pard\ql \li1449\sb94\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 | use
appropriate forms/tenses to refer to the future LJ\par\pard\ql \li916\sb0\sl-
24\par\pard\ql \li744\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li744\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 28|Page\par\pard\column \ql \li25\ri2478\sb146\sl-
206\slmult0\tx164 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 > use
words describing positive and negative \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
character traits; phrasal verbs; collocations and\par\pard\qj \li159\ri2512\sb0\sl-
206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 idioms related to learning: words with
multiple \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 meanings\par\pard\ql \li20\ri4238\sb13\sl-
278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I create word webs \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 I write a covering letter
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 im i
u\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5299\colsr110\colno2\colw3650\colsr4
0\colno3\colw2671\colsr160\ql \li4809\sb259\sl-621\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs54 m\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 monkeu\par\pard\ql \li4267\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
oujI\par\pard\ql \li1694\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1694\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 donkey\par\pard\ql \li2606\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 >.\par\pard\column
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft7426\shptop1659\shpright8256\shpbottom2399\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\sh
pbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
\ul0\super\cf2\f3\fs30 %\ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 �\par\pard\ql \li2665\sb0\sl-
%\par\pard\ql \li2991\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^\par\pard\ql \li1095\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Discuss\par\pard\qj \li342\ri914\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u8226? Match the characteristics \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 below with the animals In \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 the pictures. Can you explain\par\pard\ql \li78\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 why the animals are associated
with\par\pard\ql \li630\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 these
characteristics?\par\pard\ql \li246\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx1302\tx2387 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 cunning\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 stubborn\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 wise\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx841\tx2267
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 quiet\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 hard-
working\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 forgetful\par\pard\ql \li44\ri584\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0\fi249\tx1110\tx2046 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 noble\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 cheeky\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 graceful \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \u8226? Are any animals considered to
have\par\pard\column \ql \li9089\sb0\sl-667\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9089\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs58 48\par\pard\ql \li41\ri1966\sb0\sl-
180\slmult0\tx233 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 %
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 %\par\pard\ql \li454\sb141\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18
*\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw2561\colsr160\colno2\colw2092\colsr1
180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex86 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^
-\par\pard\ql \li2011\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
#*\par\pard\ql \li984\sb0\sl-162\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex181
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 If\par\pard\ql \li1300\sb0\sl-126\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 i'-,\par\pard
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf30\f31\fs64 m{\par}}}}
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 R\par\pard\column \ql \li361\sb0\sl-612\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs68 f\par\pard\ql
>\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li2721\sb0\sl-92\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2721\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex80 \u9632? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex209 .**>.�\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 �\par\pard\column \ql \li173\sb0\sl-144\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 stereotypical characteristics In your
country?\par\pard\ql \li437\ri136\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\fi235\tx3699 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Does your country have an animal \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 as a national symbol? If yes, what does \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 M'\par\pard\ql \li1436\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx3534 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 it represent?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
m"1*\par\pard\ql \li437\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx716 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
k\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226? What Is a food chain? Can you
\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul JL\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 |
F>\par\pard\ql \li437\sb0\sl-144\slmult0\tx3068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 R^
explain how It works?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex171 ^^l ^w -\par\pard\ql
vj\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-168\slmult0\tx2007 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ion\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 &A\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 #'V\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 <*\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql
\u8226?"\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw1379\colsr40\colno2\colw3840\
colsr160\colno3\colw6351\colsr160\ql \li840\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex76 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs6 '\u9632? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226?\u9632?'\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38
H\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb106\sl-172\slmult0\tx934\tx2124 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex187 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 i~.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 mouse\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ae*'f,'\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 m\par\pard\ql \li842\sb198\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 swan\par\pard\qj
\li247\ri1060\sb262\sl-340\slmult0\fi2275 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \\ \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 In this module
you will...\par\pard\column \qj \li5409\sb0\sl-224\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 SiM \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
mtjs\par\pard\ql \li174\sb1\sl-151\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 t r>\par\pard\ql \li1988\sb43\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-11\charscalex87 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 m\par\pard\ql \li7895\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 benuer
\expndtw0\charscalex121 \u8226? discuss Issues related to animals and their
habitats \par\pard\qj \li1646\ri5292\sb120\sl-180\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226? learn how to use articles, nouns, determiners and
pronouns \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 correctly \par\pard\ql \li1646\sb117\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226? expand your vocabulary by learning
topic-related \par\pard\ql \li1780\sb16\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
vocabulary; verbs with prepositions; phrasal verbs
with\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8652\colsr160\colno2\colw2948\col
sr160\ql \li1776\ri2710\sb0\sl-191\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 'down';
verbs used in a figurative sense; idioms; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
collocations; words that describe groups of animals, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
people and things\par\pard\qj \li1646\ri2400\sb97\sl-191\slmult0\tx1780 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \u8226? learn how to find the meaning of a word by
analysing Its \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 different parts\par\pard\ql
\li1646\ri2467\sb14\sl-292\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \u8226? learn how
to write an essay based on prompts \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226?
acquire skills and strategies that will help you in exams\par\pard\ql
29 | Page\par\pard\column \ql \li673\sb109\sl-253\slmult0\tx1158 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs22\ul I\ul0\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex146 \ul0\nosupersub\cf51\f52\fs22\ul '1\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs48 B
\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 s\par\pard\ql \li2856\sb0\sl-234\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Reading 1\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 H. Discuss.\par\pard\qj \li2217\ri710\sb67\sl-
206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 What draws people to watching wildlife
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 documentaries?\par\pard\ql \li2217\ri554\sb18\sl-
220\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 How authentic do you think they
are? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Would you find it interesting to learn how
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 documentaries are filmed? Why?\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 lM I \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 U\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 REC�\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 B. Below is a magazine article about wildlife
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 documentaries. Six paragraphs have been
removed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 from the extract. Without paying
attention to the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 missing paragraphs, read the
text quickly. What Is the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 main Idea of the text
and how does it relate to the title? \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1372\sb41\sl-
SEiHEEimMai\u8482?\u8482?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5672\colsr16
0\colno2\colw5928\colsr160\qj \li1382\ri120\sb0\sl-190\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Lions are the most celebrated
carnivores of the natural \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 world, with a
reputation that puts them firmly at the top \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 of
the food chain. They also sleep around 20 hours a day \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 and, despite popular misconception, they actually have a
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 lowly 17% success rate when hunting alone.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul The job of a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
wildlife documentary filmmaker,\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 determined to capture
the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 fascinating lives of these creatures in
their natural habitat, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
m\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul ost\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 ly
\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul consis\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 ts of sitting
aroun\ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul d waiting for them
t\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 o wake up.\par\pard\qj \li1372\sb0\sl-190\slmult0
190\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf48\f49\fs16\ul
'Filming\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 in tbe wijdjsjiot always possible,' an
industry insider \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 told me on condition of
anonymity, 'it's common practice now \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 to stage
some of the more difficult-to-catch moments - births, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 hunts, and so on - using tame animals from zoos.' These
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 captive animals are transported to 'wild'
settings for filming.\par\pard\qj \li1372\sb0\sl-190\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 In this particular case, the crew filmed a captive-
bred female \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in a man-made artificial den. But,
my contact says, this doesn't \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 affect
authenticity because there was no misrepresentation; \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 the animal's
natural instincts were not influenced in any way. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Nevertheless, I asked, won't audiences feel as though
they're \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 being lied to? He thought for a minute
and then shook his head. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 'Nothing happened that
wouldn't have taken place in nature.'\par\pard\qj \li1372\sb0\sl-190\slmult0
190\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 The real question is perhaps instead
whether real authenticity \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 would be warmly
received by an audience accustomed to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 digitally
enhanced productions. To give an extreme example: \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 imagine footage without sound effects or with
unsynchronised\par\pard\ql \li3681\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3681\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\super\cf23\f24\fs18
MS\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 3K*4aiS\par\pard\ql \li830\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 30 | Page\par\pard\column \qj \li24\ri1730\sb0\sl-
background noises. This would be dismissed as amateurish, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 but it is often the reality: in order to avoid disturbing
the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 animals, a great deal of wildlife footage is shot
from a distance \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 using long-focus lenses. The sounds of
water splashing or \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 wings flapping are created
artificially in the studio.\par\pard\qj \li5832\sb0\sl-191\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li5832\sb0\sl-191\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri1730\sb4\sl-191\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 This is really what it all boils down to. Like any other
part of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 the film industry, the pursuit of viewer
ratings determines \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 what is acceptable during
filming. Audiences demand visual \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 entertainment,
and filmmakers are under pressure to deliver \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
fast-paced, dramatic and often bloody action - by whatever \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 means.\par\pard\qj \li5832\sb0\sl-191\slmult0
191\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 My industry contact frowned when I
asked him about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 documentaries that focus only on the
gory side of nature. 'It's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 a misrepresentation,' he
said finally. 'Yes. nature has violent \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 moments, but
focusing only on these is a type of lying. It \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 creates
an impression based on what is actually a very small \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
part of these animals' lives.'\par\pard\qj \li5832\sb0\sl-190\slmult0
190\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 While he does understand their point
of view in this matter, he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 is critical of any
filmmakers who play around with the truth. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
'Nature is remarkable enough as it is,' he said. 'It's sometimes \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 necessary to interfere to make it possible to show some
of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 these extraordinary things on camera, but we
shouldn't \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 need to misrepresent animals or lead
them into unnatural \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 behaviour.'\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs66 r\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 n\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex232 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 aga\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\ql \li4532\sb1\sl-131\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex149 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 v.\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 D.08.37.11
S\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6910\colsr160\colno2\colw4690\colsr1
60\qj \li1651\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1651\sb0\sl-196\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 (. Read through paragraphs A-G below (six of which
belong to the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 text). What Is the main point of
each?\par\pard\qj \li1747\ri215\sb129\sl-210\slmult0\tx2040 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 A Today, however, the Internet has revolutionised the way
consumers \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 interact with producers and it is
no longer left to the film industry to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 decide
how the audience does or does not feel. As viewers are able to \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 directly and openly express their opinions, filmmakers are
increasingly \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 being required to make decisions
about how far to go for the sake of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 practicality
without deceiving viewers. When does facilitating a scene \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 cross the fine line and turn into falsifying? The audience
wants to see a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 leopard hunting a deer. Is the
end result the same whether the hunt was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 filmed
in grasslands after weeks of waiting or in a recreated environment \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 with two animals bred in captivity?\par\pard\qj
\li1737\ri221\sb102\sl-210\slmult0\tx2030 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B Aside from
issues of time and money, getting good footage when \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 filming in nature requires sizeable helpings of both
patience and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 luck. In such situations, even the
most patient filmmakers begin to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 wonder whether
they can do anything to move things along a bit. In \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 documentaries, interference is generally frowned upon; the
genre \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 has a reputation for authenticity to live
up to. and audiences expect \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 reliability and
factual accuracy. Yet. they also expect visual spectacle - so, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 when nature refuses to cooperate, how do filmmakers deliver
without \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 compromising
authenticity?\par\pard\qj \li1737\ri222\sb97\sl-210\slmult0\tx2059 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 CHe actually believes that the industry should acknowledge
all \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 human interventions, no matter how
small, by displaying statements \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 informing
audiences that certain scenes were staged or that the animal \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 shown was raised in a zoo. But. he realises, this is
something which is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 unlikely to happen; too many
filmmakers would view these as ruinous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 to the
atmosphere of their films.\par\pard\qj \li1732\ri221\sb98\sl-209\slmult0\tx2063
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 D Although the more diehard supporters of authenticity
criticise even \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 these small enhancements as
dishonest, many people approve. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 'In cases like
this, filmmakers are placing the welfare of the animal in \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 question over their work. It's an ethical decision,' wrote
one film critic. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 'Intruding on natural habitats
and harassing the animal to get a good \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 shot
would be far worse.' So. if simulated audio is a deception, it's for a \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 good cause - and a way of compromising with the fact
that most people \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 would have little interest in
watching the unedited 'raw' documentary.\par\pard\qj \li1728\ri221\sb98\sl-
210\slmult0\tx2011 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 EThe lines are also unclear when predator-prey
relationships are \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 brought to the stage.
Obviously, the outcome of a hunt causes harm \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to
one of the animals involved - but, many would argue, it Is entirely \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 natural behaviour. Is it an ethical violation to take two
captive animals, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 one predator, one prey, put them in
an enclosure together and let nature \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 take its course?
Many people, myself included, would say yes. The prey \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
animal has no chance of escape, and the chances of a successful hunt \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 are artificially increased through human
interference.\par\pard\qj \li1728\ri225\sb97\sl-210\slmult0\tx2001 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 FThis, unfortunately, is often seen as justification for
greater levels of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 human interference, as
filmmakers try to make creatures conform to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
audience demands, regardless of whether these are true to their nature. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Practices such as inducing predators into feeding
frenzies or provoking \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 otherwise-docile animals
into attacking may attract viewers, but they \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
also call into question one of the basic principles of the genre:
accuracy.\par\pard\qj \li1728\ri227\sb98\sl-209\slmult0\tx2073 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 GHe went on to describe his involvement in a documentary
about \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Kodiak bears which won enthusiastic
praise for footage of a litter \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 of cubs being
born. Kodiak bears, he explained, give birth during their \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 hibernation period, in dens dug out of the mountainside or
deep snow \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 banks. 'Sending a cameraman in there
would be a death sentence.' he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 said frankly.
Moreover, it's not just dangerous for the human beings \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 involved; many animals react to the presence of outside
threats by killing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 their young. 'Anyway,' he
continued with a laugh, 'even if we could ensure \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
everyone's safety in such a small underground space with a stressed \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 mother bear, imagine the issues they'd have with
lighting.'\par\pard\ql \li777\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li777\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 31|Page\par\pard\column \qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 D. Choose from the paragraphs (A-G) the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 one that best completes the first gap in \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 the text. Follow the steps below.\par\pard\ql
\li34\sb89\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 1. Read the paragraph before
and after\par\pard\ql \li231\sb22\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 gap
1, noting the underlined information.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb71\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 2. What kind of Information might the\par\pard\qj
\li231\ri1589\sb9\sl-206\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 missing paragraph
contain? Think about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 your answers to the previous
activity.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb72\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 3.
Choose from paragraphs A-G the one you\par\pard\ql \li231\sb23\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 think is the most appropriate for gap
1.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 4. Check
whether your option makes sense\par\pard\qj \li231\ri1672\sb13\sl-201\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 with the adjoining paragraphs. Refer to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 the underlined parts.\par\pard\qj \li231\ri1449\sb30\sl-
206\slmult0\tx342 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8226? Does your option contain a
development \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 on the point mentioned in the
first\par\pard\ql \li337\sb25\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
paragraph?\par\pard\ql \li231\ri1440\sb33\sl-206\slmult0\tx342 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? The paragraph after gap 1 begins with \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a piece of direct speech. Does this
reflect\par\pard\ql \li327\ri1468\sb5\sl-206\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 or logically respond to any point \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 expressed in the option you have chosen?\par\pard\ql
\li30\sb72\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 5. In the option you have
chosen, underline\par\pard\qj \li236\ri1687\sb5\sl-206\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 the words which link it to the adjoining \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 paragraphs.\par\pard\ql \li7070\sb0\sl-190\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li30\ri1508\sb50\sl-190\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 E.
Read TIP 3 in the Reading Reference \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 which
provides information about how \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 to reconstruct a
gapped text, and choose \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 the paragraph that best
completes each \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 gap 2-6. There is one extra
paragraph\par\pard\ql \li34\sb2\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 which
you do not need to use.\par\pard\qj \li7070\sb0\sl-189\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li30\ri1553\sb41\sl-189\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 F. Look at the
highlighted words/phrases \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 in the text and the
paragraphs A-G and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 decide what each one of them
refers to.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb80\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 1. In
this particular case (text)\par\pard\ql \li25\sb109\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 2. their (text)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb104\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 3. this (para. C)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb113\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 4. these small enhancements (para. D)\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex101 5. This (para. F) _\par\pard\ql \li25\sb109\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6. they (para. F).\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb109\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 7. He (para.
G)_\par\pard\ql \li20\sb104\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 8. there
(para. G).\par\pard\ql \li7070\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li34\sb126\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 G. Discuss.\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri1520\sb38\sl-206\slmult0\tx131 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8226? Do you
think filmmakers have a duty to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 inform
audiences when they stage scenes?\par\pard\ql \li116\sb19\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Why? / Why not?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1688\sb33\sl-
206\slmult0\tx121 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? Would knowing that a scene
was staged \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 affect the way you view a
documentary? \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg33}
{\bkmkend Pg33}\ql \li10761\sb280\sl-969\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs114 0 \par\pard\ql \li2400\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
Uocabulary\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3948\colsr160\colno2\colw76
52\colsr160\ql \li2390\sb8\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 P. The words\par\pard\qj \li2385\ri139\sb0\sl-
192\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 below are all from \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 the text (pp. 26-27). \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
Read the note and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 write down the\par\pard\qj
\li2385\ri227\sb0\sl-190\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 words that result
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 when removing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
the prefixes and/ \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 or suffixes.\par\pard\qj
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 You may come across words \line \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 that seem too complex to\par\pard\qj \li1560\ri348\sb0\sl-
190\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 understand. Don't panic. Try to \line
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 analyse them by breaking them \line \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 down into their different parts. \line \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 This will help you Interpret their \line \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 meaning.\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1391\sb73\sl-184\slmult0\tx1636 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex79 1.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 interference\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb141\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 2.
increasingly\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1387\sb140\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 3. unedited\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb0\sl-
4. factual\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb85\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 5.
misrepresentation\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
enhancements\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1387\sb140\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 7. justification\par\pard\ql
\li1377\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1382\sb146\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 8. misconception\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb0\sl-
9. ruinous.\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb85\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
10. recreated\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb0\sl-189\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1363\sb0\sl-
189\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1363\sb0\sl-189\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1372\ri306\sb61\sl-189\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B. Now try to
define the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 following words by analysing \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 them.\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb75\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1617 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex83 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
conservationists\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb85\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 2. pre-existing\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb80\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 3. unjustifiable\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb90\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 4. reintroduction\par\pard\ql
uneventful\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb80\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 6.
biological\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb84\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 7.
repeatedly\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb80\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 8.
inactivity\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb85\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 9.
purposefully\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb80\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
10. accessibility\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 32|Page\par\pard\column \ql \li44\ri2002\sb0\sl-
219\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 t. Read the
sentences and circle the prepositions that are used with the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 verbs. In some cases, more than one preposition may be used
with a verb. \line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex88 1. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
There are many who disapprove of / for / off the way zoos treat animals
as\par\pard\ql \li289\sb29\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 objects to
be put on show.\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1879\sb61\sl-225\slmult0\tx294 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 2. To reach the bird sanctuary, head towards / in / for the
village of Nelapattu and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 then follow the
signs that direct you there.\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1768\sb54\sl-225\slmult0\tx299
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 3. The San Diego Zoo decided to collaborate between /
across / with a breeding \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 centre in China to
help them increase their giant panda population.\par\pard\ql \li35\sb83\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 4. Those aboard the safari jeep were
warned towards / against / off throwing\par\pard\ql \li284\sb41\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 food to the wild animals.\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1908\sb62\sl-
225\slmult0\tx299 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 5. People who want to contribute
to / for / with saving different species from \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 extinction can volunteer for one of the programmes
coordinated by a wildlife\par\pard\ql \li289\sb40\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 organisation.\par\pard\qj \li39\ri1767\sb52\sl-
225\slmult0\tx294 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 6. We should discourage people
over / from / off getting pets when they are not \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 capable of looking after them.\par\pard\qj
\li39\ri1818\sb49\sl-225\slmult0\tx294 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 7. Many confuse
the bison and the buffalo, but it's easy to distinguish through / \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Into / between the two if you pay attention to their
anatomy.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1984\sb49\sl-225\slmult0\tx290 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 8. The authorities are being criticised about / for / by
doing very little to stop \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the illegal trade
of endangered animals.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1723\sb53\sl-225\slmult0\tx294 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 9. The fact that the animals are here, instead of in their
natural habitat, means that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 more of them are
protected from / by / against the cold.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1826\sb49\sl-
225\slmult0\tx285 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 10. Experimenting over / In / on
mice is the usual step before a new drug can be \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 tested on humans.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1994\sb172\sl-
192\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 0. Look at the following extract from
the text on page 26. What does 'bolls \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 down to' mean?
What other phrasal verbs with down can you think of?\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1889\sb47\sl-206\slmult0\fi24 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 This Is really
what it all bolls down to. Like any other part of the film Industry, the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 pursuit of viewer ratings determines what Is acceptable
during filming.\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1863\sb180\sl-187\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 E. Read the sentences. Which definition (a or b)
corresponds to each phrasal \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 verb in
bold?\par\pard\qj \li30\ri2036\sb60\sl-196\slmult0\tx242 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 1. The plan to stop funding the breeding programme won't go
down well with \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 animal
conservationists.\par\pard\ql \li222\sb69\sl-184\slmult0\tx2905 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 a. be remembered... by\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b.
be received... by\par\pard\qj \li30\ri2030\sb95\sl-201\slmult0\tx242 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 2. I need quite a few pieces of furniture for my new flat,
but since I'm on a tight \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 budget. I've
managed to narrow down the number to three.\par\pard\ql \li222\sb64\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2905 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a. reduce\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 b. calculate\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1773\sb108\sl-
191\slmult0\tx232 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 3. In the end, our choice of house
comet down to how much we can afford to pay \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
for rent.\par\pard\ql \li222\sb70\sl-184\slmult0\tx2901 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 a. depends on\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b.
shows\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1783\sb99\sl-201\slmult0\tx237 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 4. The minute we walked onto the premises, the person in
charge of the sanctuary \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 laid down the rules
concerning our work there.\par\pard\ql \li217\sb64\sl-184\slmult0\tx2901 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 a. followed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b. officially
stated\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1836\sb64\sl-244\slmult0\tx227\tx2898 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 5. Digestion breaks down food so that the body can use the
nutrients it contains, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a. absorbs and
spreads \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 b. separates or changes\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1843\sb102\sl-191\slmult0\tx232 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 6. After a
hectic day at work, I find that a cup of tea helps me wind down and put
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 my worries aside.\par\pard\ql
\li217\sb70\sl-184\slmult0\tx2896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a. relax\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 b. concentrate\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2158\sb111\sl-
187\slmult0\tx227 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 7. Having to work every weekend ties
me down. I rarely have time to see my \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
friends any more.\par\pard\ql \li217\sb75\sl-184\slmult0\tx2901 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 a. limits my freedom\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b.
exhausts me\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2035\sb108\sl-191\slmult0\tx227 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 8. Having coached the team for years. Peter decided to step
down In favour of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 someone
younger.\par\pard\ql \li212\sb70\sl-184\slmult0\tx2896 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
a. leave an important position\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. vote
colsr160\ql \li1608\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1608\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 F. Read the sentences and match the verbs in bold
with the definitions.\par\pard\qj \li3105\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li3115\ri2173\sb210\sl-220\slmult0\tx3316 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 1. Susan
has been beaveiing away all \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 week. Her exams are coming up.\par\pard\qj
\li3115\ri2160\sb212\sl-220\slmult0\tx3312 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 2. Johnny
had convinced himself he \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 would try
paragliding alongside his\par\pard\qj \li3312\ri2255\sb1\sl-220\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 friends, but at the last moment he \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 chickened out.\par\pard\qj \li3110\ri2014\sb212\sl-
220\slmult0\tx3316 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 3. it wasn't easy, but I finally
badgered \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Lily into coming out for a walk
rather\par\pard\ql \li3307\sb30\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 than
staying inside all day.\par\pard\ql \li3105\ri1953\sb219\sl-220\slmult0\tx3307 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 4.1 don't mind him talking ail the time, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 but this constant 'me. me, me' attitude\par\pard\ql
\li3307\sb26\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 is really stating to bug
me.\par\pard\ql \li3100\ri2231\sb219\sl-220\slmult0\tx3312 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 5. My nephews wanted to play air \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 hockey at the arcade, so I dug into\par\pard\qj
\li3307\ri2392\sb9\sl-211\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 my pocket and
fished out a few \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 coins for them.\par\pard\ql
\li3100\ri2433\sb210\sl-225\slmult0\tx3302 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 6. The
teacher had to leave the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 classroom for a few
minutes, so\par\pard\qj \li3297\ri2544\sb5\sl-215\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 of course the students started \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
monkeying around.\par\pard\qj \li3091\ri2159\sb213\sl-220\slmult0\tx3302 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 7. Mark's little brother kept hounding \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 me, asking to play a game on my\par\pard\qj
\li3297\ri2157\sb9\sl-211\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 phone, and he got so
annoying that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I let him.\par\pard\ql
\li3091\ri2025\sb219\sl-220\slmult0\tx3292 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 8. She's
got no problem paticipating \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 in the
conversations going on around\par\pard\qj \li3287\ri2040\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 the office, but if you ask her anything \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 personal, she just clams up.\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Some verbs relating to \line \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 animals can be used in a\par\pard\ql \li208\sb21\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 figurative sense, not literally.\par\pard\qj
\li8212\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li35\ri1417\sb90\sl-220\slmult0\tx247 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 a. to harass sb continuously, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 especially because you\par\pard\ql \li237\sb35\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 want sth from them\par\pard\qj
\li35\ri1585\sb169\sl-216\slmult0\tx247 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 b. to take sth
out of a bag, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 pocket, etc.\par\pard\qj
\li30\ri1617\sb169\sl-211\slmult0\tx242 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 c. to behave
in a funny or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 silly way\par\pard\ql
\li25\ri1317\sb166\sl-220\slmult0\tx242 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 d. to decide
not to do sth \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 because you are
frightened\par\pard\ql \li25\sb180\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 e.
to stop talking\par\pard\ql \li8207\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb11\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 f. to annoy or irritate\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex112 g. to work hard at sth\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1543\sb162\sl-
220\slmult0\tx242 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 h. to persuade sb to do sth
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 because you tell them\par\pard\ql
\li232\sb31\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 repeatedly\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 t\par\pard\ql \li9393\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 *^\\
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li1483\sb111\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \\ \par\pard\ql \li2774\sb16\sl-248\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Rending 2 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 B. Discuss. \par\pard\ql \li2774\sb96\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u9632? Would you say you have a good or
bad memory? \par\pard\qj \li2774\ri4154\sb43\sl-200\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8226? Have you ever forgotten something important that
you should have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 remembered? What was it? What were the
consequences?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9057\colsr110\colno2\col
w2593\colsr160\qj \li2774\ri1065\sb30\sl-216\slmult0\tx2880 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \u8226? Is it easier for you to remember names or faces? Do
you see people and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 recognise them but just
can't place them?\par\pard\ql \li2774\sb41\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? Read the phrases below. What do they
mean?\par\pard\ql \li2894\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 have a
memory like a sieve have a memory like an elephant\par\pard\qj \li1353\sb0\sl-
187\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1353\sb0\sl-187\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1353\ri777\sb141\sl-187\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 B. Read the
text. Then answer the questions according to the information given in the text.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Choose a, b, c or d.\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb175\sl-
598\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 ELEPHANTS
AND MEMORY\par\pard\qj \li1368\ri3715\sb143\sl-208\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Among the many advanced
cognitive abilities that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 elephants exhibit,
their exceptional memory Is what they \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 are most
known for. Elephant memory Is an area of study \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
that many researchers have sought to understand and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 explain, and recent findings reveal that much has yet to
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 be discovered.\par\pard\qj
\li1368\ri3712\sb76\sl-208\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Elephants
travel In herds typically guided by the oldest \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
female - the matriarch - and her memory is Imperative \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 to their survival. She can remember the location of
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 watering holes and feeding points and is the one
in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 charge of leading the herd to safety when
disaster strikes. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Researchers have found that in
periods of drought, for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Instance, herds with
younger matriarchs are less likely \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 to survive.
The older matriarch is able to recollect \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
Information from decades back. While humans might \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 experience memory loss as they grow older, the exact
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 opposite occurs with elephants. Another study
exhibited \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 how herds with older female leaders
huddled together \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 In the face of a predator,
whereas those with younger \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 matriarchs didn't.
Older matriarchs
seemed to remember \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 encountering dangerous
strangers In the past and knew \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 when to take a
defensive position to ward them off.\par\pard\qj \li1368\ri3641\sb75\sl-
208\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Elephants form strong social ties with
each other and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 build a complex network of
relationships throughout \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 life which depends on
genetic, social and circumstantial \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 factors. Their
strong memory helps maintain these; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 through time and
space, it Is believed that they can \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 keep track of the
location of about 30 other elephants \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 at any given time
when travelling; an impressive figure \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 considering that
they don't always roam in a fixed order \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 and the groups
are frequently changing.\par\pard\qj \li1368\ri3715\sb76\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 At first glance, an elephant's memory seems to be purely
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 utilitarian In nature, serving survival purposes
and family \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 identification needs, but the story
of two elephants, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Shirley and Jenny, poses new
issues. Having spent only \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a few months together
in a circus, the two elephants not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 only
recognised each other when they were reunited over\par\pard\qj
\li1363\ri3715\sb5\sl-208\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 20 years later,
but also displayed gestures of affection and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
friendship. Could this prove that elephants experience \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
and 'remember' feelings of fondness from the past? To \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
this day, even researchers can only guess.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex163 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 34 |
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb26\sl-1012\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs88 '"V\par\pard\ql \li9566\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *
Q\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5926\colsr160\colno2\colw5674\colsr1
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 1. What is the text
about?\par\pard\ql \li1833\sb36\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. how
memory skills benefit elephants\par\pard\ql \li1833\sb52\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b. how elephants' memory Is affected by
external\par\pard\ql \li2030\sb41\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
elements\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 c. a
recent research project on elephants' memory\par\pard\ql \li1833\sb51\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d. elephants' cognitive abilities in
comparison to other\par\pard\ql \li2030\sb42\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 animals\par\pard\qj \li1631\ri367\sb38\sl-
235\slmult0\tx1833 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 2. What can be inferred about
elephants and droughts? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. Their survival
depends on their leader.\par\pard\ql \li1833\sb39\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 b. In periods of drought, the oldest female takes
charge.\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb51\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c.
Periods of drought are the elephants' worst fear.\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb46\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 d. Their survival is a matter of
luck.\par\pard\qj \li1631\ri137\sb62\sl-230\slmult0\tx1828 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 3. What Is suggested about elephants and their
predators? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. Predators tend to attack herds
with young matriarchs.\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb43\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b. Herds with young matriarchs aren't as well
defended.\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb46\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 c.
Young matriarchs perceive danger ahead of time.\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb52\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d. Older matriarchs know when to attack
approaching\par\pard\ql \li2030\sb22\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
predators.\par\pard\qj \li1631\ri957\sb61\sl-230\slmult0\tx1823 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 4. What does the word these (line 26) refer to?
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 a. elephants\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb43\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 b. factors\par\pard\ql \li1823\sb51\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 c. memories\par\pard\ql \li1828\sb47\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d. social ties\par\pard\ql
\li1627\ri167\sb61\sl-230\slmult0\tx1819 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 5. Why Is the
story of Shirley and Jenny mentioned? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a. to
give an example of how elephants that are related\par\pard\ql \li2020\sb15\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 to each other act\par\pard\qj
\li1823\ri380\sb29\sl-211\slmult0\tx2025 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b. to
demonstrate the use of memory in recognising \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
long-lost relatives\par\pard\qj \li1823\ri812\sb19\sl-211\slmult0\tx2020 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 c. to show the likelihood of elephants forming \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 emotional connections\par\pard\qj
\li1819\ri566\sb24\sl-206\slmult0\tx2016 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d. to
emphasise the use of memory for necessary \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
survival information\par\pard\qj \li1622\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1622\ri381\sb135\sl-196\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 (. Look at the
highlighted words/phrases in the text \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 and match them
with their meanings.\par\pard\ql \li3686\sb131\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 a. to gather closely in\par\pard\ql \li1723\sb27\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3878 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 1. imperative\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 a group, usually because\par\pard\ql \li3883\sb18\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 of fear or cold\par\pard\column \ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Uncnbulnry\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 n. Read the sentences. What do the words In bold \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 refer to?\par\pard\qj \li82\ri1656\sb143\sl-206\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Elephants travel in herds typically guided by the
oldest \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 female - the matriarch.\par\pard\ql
\li82\ri2135\sb34\sl-230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Our cat just had
a litter of five kittens. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 During our scuba
diving trip, we saw a school of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 colourful
fish.\par\pard\qj \li6086\sb0\sl-191\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri1700\sb111\sl-
191\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B. Some words that describe groups of
animals can \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 also be used to describe groups of people
or things. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Complete each set of sentences below with
the\par\pard\ql \li25\sb2\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 correct form
of a word from the box.\par\pard\ql \li318\sb119\sl-184\slmult0\tx927\tx2233
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 flight\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 colony
flock\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 herd pack swarm\par\pard\ql
1.\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1629\sb61\sl-244\slmult0\tx136\tx2360 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u8226? As a young boy, my
nephew used to spend a lot of time \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 looking
at \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 of ants.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb99\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? Hong Kong is a former British\par\pard\ql
\li6105\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li44\ri1485\sb156\sl-244\slmult0\tx1633
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u9632? I've always tried to teach my children not to
follow the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 but to choose their own course in
life.\par\pard\ql \li39\sb99\sl-184\slmult0\tx1753 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex84
\u8226? A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 of cattle was grazing in the
field.\par\pard\qj \li6105\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li39\ri1854\sb164\sl-
240\slmult0\tx136 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8226? When Tony moved to a block
of flats that had no lift, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 I had to help him
carry dozens of boxes up three\par\pard\ql \li1623\sb52\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 of stairs.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb113\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2247 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8226? We saw a.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 . of birds migrating south.\par\pard\ql \li121\sb56\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Winter is on Its way.\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 4.\par\pard\ql \li25\ri1537\sb69\sl-240\slmult0\tx126
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u8226? You won't find
any shepherds this far down during the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
summer - they're all higher up in the mountains, tending\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri2821\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi100\tx2180 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to
their\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 of sheep. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
\u8226? When STOMP came to our city,
crowds\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw3521\colsr160\colno2\colw2255\c
olsr160\colno3\colw5674\colsr160\ql \li1718\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 2. huddle\par\pard\ql \li1723\sb113\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 3. ward sb/sth off Q\par\pard\ql \li1718\sb133\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 4.
roam\par\pard\ql \li1718\sb143\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 5. utilitarian\par\pard\ql \li1718\sb147\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 6. reunite\par\pard\ql \li1622\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 D. Discuss.\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\sb60\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b. to Join together
again\par\pard\ql \li25\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c. serving
a useful purpose;\par\pard\ql \li226\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 practical\par\pard\ql \li20\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 d. to prevent sth unpleasant\par\pard\ql \li25\sb75\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 e. extremely necessary\par\pard\ql
\li222\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 or important;
vital\par\pard\ql \li20\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 f. to
wander about\par\pard\column \ql \li116\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 to see their one and only performance.\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 5.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1547\sb61\sl-
\u8226? Apart from the drought In the area, the villagers feared \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 that a \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 of grasshoppers
might come\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1691\sb0\sl-271\slmult0\fi95 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 and destroy what remained of their crops. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8226? As the doors opened for the launch of the new
gadget,\par\pard\qj \li121\ri1545\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi1492 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 of people rushed inside to get their \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 hands on one of their own. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1622\sb99\sl-184\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8226? What do you do
to remind yourself of something or
to\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5921\colsr160\colno2\colw5679\colsr
160\ql \li1723\sb23\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 remember
things?\par\pard\ql \li1622\ri99\sb28\sl-206\slmult0\tx1718 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? Do you think mobile phones and computers are making
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 our ability to remember better or worse? Can
you think of\par\pard\ql \li1718\sb24\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
any examples?\par\pard\qj \li1627\ri278\sb24\sl-211\slmult0\tx1718 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 . Do you agree that a person's memory deteriorates with
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 age? What kinds of problems does memory loss
cause?\par\pard\ql \li815\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li815\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 35|Page\par\pard\column
\qj \li25\ri1674\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx131\tx2888 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u8226? They won't sell you a single piece of
cardboard paper -\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 you have to get a \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 of ten.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb100\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8226? In the wilderness of Alaska, it is common to come
across\par\pard\ql \li116\sb60\sl-184\slmult0\tx1744 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 of wolves on the hunt.\par\pard\ql
\li25\sb109\sl-184\slmult0\tx2550 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226? Avoiding
the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 of paparazzi waiting\par\pard\qj
\li116\ri1606\sb10\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 outside the hotel
would be difficult, so they left through \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 the back
door. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg37}{\bkmkend
Pg37}\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-483\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb257\sl-
483\slmult0\fi2769\tx11107\tx11457 \dn7 \expndtw0\charscalex123
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Vocabulary and Meanings\ul0\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex49 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 \u8226?-, 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 .i\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb73\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33\tx1343\tx3383 \dn2 \expndtw-8\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 amphibians\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 animals
that live both in water and on land but lay their\par\pard\li720\sb1\sl-
267\slmult0\fi2663 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 eggs in
water\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw1160\colsr160\colno2\colw10440\c
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 2.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
4.\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 6.\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
7.\par\pard\ql \li724\sb184\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
8.\par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 10.\par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-
11.\par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li748\sb111\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 12.\par\pard\ql \li772\sb0\sl-
3.\par\pard\ql \li772\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li772\sb185\sl-
5.\par\pard\column \ql \li48\sb91\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 domesticated \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 to place
animals under human control for food or\par\pard\ql \li2083\sb8\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 companionship\par\pard\ql \li29\sb86\sl-
299\slmult0\tx2088 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 venomous\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Poisonous\par\pard\qj \li39\ri2761\sb135\sl-
302\slmult0\tx1378 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 flora\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 the plants and animals
that inhabit a place \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 fauna\par\pard\ql
\li43\sb85\sl-299\slmult0\tx2088 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 nocturnal\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 active during the night\par\pard\ql \li43\sb147\sl-
299\slmult0\tx2093 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 rodents\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 small mammals with large sharp front teeth, such as
rabbits\par\pard\ql \li2083\sb8\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 and
mice\par\pard\ql \li39\sb85\sl-299\slmult0\tx2084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
aquatic\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 growing or living in, on or near
water\par\pard\ql \li39\sb133\sl-299\slmult0\tx2088 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130
parasite\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 a small animal or plant that lives on or
in another animal or\par\pard\ql \li2079\sb9\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 plant and feeds from it\par\pard\ql \li43\sb80\sl-
299\slmult0\tx2088 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 omnivores\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 animals that are naturally able to eat both meat and
plants\par\pard\ql \li39\sb137\sl-299\slmult0\tx2084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
fossil\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 the remains of an animal or plant that
turned into stone or\par\pard\ql \li2074\sb9\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 were preserved in stone\par\pard\ql \li39\sb85\sl-
299\slmult0\tx2084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 skeleton\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 the structure of bones that
supports a human or animal\par\pard\ql \li2079\sb3\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 body\par\pard\ql \li39\sb66\sl-299\slmult0\tx2088 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 herbivores\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 animals that
eat only plants\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Idioms and Meanings\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 butterflies\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 in my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 to feel very
nervous, especially because of sth you\par\pard\ql \li29\sb8\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 stomach\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 have to do\par\pard\ql \li29\sb229\sl-299\slmult0\tx3072
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 a lone wolf\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 sb who
prefers to be alone\par\pard\ql \li29\sb234\sl-299\slmult0\tx1676\tx2401\tx3068
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 elephant\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 in\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 a very obvious
problem/ situation that people don't\par\pard\ql \li29\sb3\sl-299\slmult0\tx3058
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 room\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 want to
discuss\par\pard\ql \li29\sb239\sl-299\slmult0\tx3068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132
the lion's share\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 the largest or best part of
sth\par\pard\ql \li29\sb234\sl-299\slmult0\tx3068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 eats
like a horse\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 to always eat a lot of
food\par\pard\ql \li3063\sb229\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 to feel
awkward because you are not like the
people\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw1169\colsr160\colno2\colw2874\c
8.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-234\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 a fish out of water\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb0\sl-
crocodile tears\par\pard\qj \li1329\sb0\sl-311\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li20\ri0\sb63\sl-311\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 a leopard
doesn't \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 change its spots\par\pard\column \ql
\li34\sb3\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 around you or you are in an
unfamiliar situation\par\pard\qj \li20\ri636\sb222\sl-302\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 tears that are not really an expression of hurt or \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 worry; fake\par\pard\qj \li34\ri643\sb231\sl-
307\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a person's character, especially a bad
one, doesn't \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 change \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\ql \li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb278\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex158 36|Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Uncnbulnry \par\pard\ql \li2332\sb16\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 C. Read the two
encyclopaedia entries and match the words in bold with their
meanings.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw3586\colsr110\colno2\colw227
4\colsr160\colno3\colw2110\colsr160\colno4\colw3380\colsr160\qj
\li1435\ri0\sb189\sl-208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 SNAKES belong to the
family \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of reptiles, together with lizards,
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 crocodiles and turtles, but \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 snakes differ in that they are \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 legless and very lexible. Of the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 more than 3,000 snake species, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 about 600 are venomous but \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 only 200 of them are medically \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 dangeous to humans. All snake \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 species have a similar diet of \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 rodents (such as rats, mice and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 squirrels), amphibians (such as \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 fogs), and even other reptiles. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 They can be found on every \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 continent except Antarctica \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 and some islands, such as \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Ireland, Iceland and New\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\ri159\sb179\sl-214\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 usually
descendants of plants \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 and animals that made
it \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 there by air or by sea, a rather \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 diicult journey for snakes who \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 prefer warm tropical waters. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Since most snakes are not \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 dangerous, some people have \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 domesticated them and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
keep them as pets. One such \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 example is the
python regius or \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 pall python, which curls into a
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ball when it feels threatened. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 It is also a nocturnal snake, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 unlike other species which arc \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 more active during the day.\par\pard\ql \li1378\sb162\sl-
u/3\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri0\sb184\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 CRUSTACEANS arc any kind \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 of animal that lives in water \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 and has a hard outer shell TkJj \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 group includes shrimp i rabs \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 lobsters and other species. As \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 a group, crustaceans\par\pard\ql \li20\ri599\sb10\sl-
207\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 are categorised as \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 omnivores, since \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 the
individual \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 species may either \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex146 be herbivores \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 and eat
plants, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 or carnivores and\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri0\sb0\sl-209\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 consume
fish.Unlike \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 humans, who have an internal
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 skeleton, these creatures have \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 an external hard skeleton\par\pard\column \qj
\li20\ri1236\sb179\sl-208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 The hard external
surface of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 these aquatic animals can \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 often provide a home for \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 other species. For example, the\par\pard\qj
\li160\ri1259\sb1\sl-211\slmult0\tx664 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 symbion acts
as a parasite and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ataches itself to
cold-\par\pard\qj \li851\ri1251\sb1\sl-206\slmult0\tx952 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 water lobsters, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
feeding off their\par\pard\ql \li635\ri1249\sb4\sl-
208\slmult0\fi364\tx1010\tx1010\tx957\tx851 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 meal
leftovers. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Interestingly, \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex143 crustaceans \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 have a
rich fossil \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 record, with most \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 of them belonging\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1264\sb0\sl-
210\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to the Carboniferous Period, \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which began about 359 million \line \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 years
ago.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5955\colsr160\colno2\colw4145\col
sr60\colno3\colw1450\colsr160\ql \li1444\sb0\sl-153\slmult0\tx5471 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 Zealand. The reason is that\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex206 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 '-\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 I mil lora
and fauna are\par\pard\qj \li1435\sb0\sl-225\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1435\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex112 1. animals that live both in water and on land but lay
their \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 eggs In water:\par\pard\qj
\li1435\ri646\sb30\sl-230\slmult0\tx1646 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 2. to place
animals under human control for food or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
companionship:\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb62\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
3. poisonous:\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb76\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
4. the plants and animals that Inhabit a place:\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb0\sl-
5. active during the night:.\par\pard\qj \li1435\ri443\sb37\sl-
230\slmult0\tx1651 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 6. small
mammals with large sharp front teeth, such as \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 rabbits and mice:\par\pard\column \qj \li29\ri1926\sb0\sl-
154\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 to protect their soft tissue \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 underneath.\par\pard\ql \li2040\sb62\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 'WW'*\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 7. growing or living in, on
or near water:\par\pard\ql \li25\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
8. a small animal or plant that lives on or in another\par\pard\ql \li284\sb42\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 animal or plant and feeds from
it:\par\pard\qj \li25\ri0\sb37\sl-230\slmult0\tx299 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 9.
animals that are naturally able to eat both meat and \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 plants:\par\pard\qj \li25\ri71\sb35\sl-225\slmult0\tx299
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 10. the remains of an animal or plant that turned into
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 stone or were preserved In
stone:\par\pard\qj \li25\ri155\sb30\sl-230\slmult0\tx294 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 11. the structure of bones that supports a human or
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 animal body:\par\pard\ql \li20\sb67\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 12. animals that eat only
plants:\par\pard\column
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft10210\shptop5537\shpright11253\shpbottom6757\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\
shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 J{\par}}}}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1435\sb0\sl-184\slmult0\par\pard\li1435\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 D. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of
the phrases in the box. What do the idioms mean?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1435\sb133\sl-184\slmult0\fi883\tx5304\tx6571\tx8380 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 a leopard doesn't change its spots\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 a lone wolf\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a fish out of
water\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 crocodile
tears\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5835\colsr40\colno2\colw5885\col
sr160\ql \li2294\sb27\sl-184\slmult0\tx3863 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 eat like a
horse\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 elephant in the room\par\pard\qj
\li1435\ri635\sb129\sl-230\slmult0\tx1848 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 1. A: Your
presentation about illegal logging was \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
exceptional.\par\pard\qj \li1646\ri347\sb25\sl-225\slmult0\tx1857 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 B: Really? Couldn't you tell my voice was shaking?
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Every time I have to talk in public I
have\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri1330\sb228\sl-254\slmult0\tx1646 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 2. A: Won't Duncan be coming with us? \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 B: Nah, he's\par\pard\ql \li1852\sb25\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 He prefers doing his own thing most of the
time.\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 3. A:
The dinner seems to be going very well.\par\pard\qj \li1646\ri726\sb28\sl-
230\slmult0\tx1852 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B: I don't know; everyone's making
small talk \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 but no one's willing to mention
the\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1641\sb100\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A: You mean the fact that Charlotte quit
university?\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 4.
A: I don't understand why that animal charity received\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb42\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 so much criticism.\par\pard\ql
\li1646\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B: Well, apparently, they
spent\par\pard\qj \li1848\ri0\sb9\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 of
the donations on salaries and organising fundraising \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
events rather than actually treating animals.\par\pard\ql \li1027\sb0\sl-
34\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
184\slmult0\tx1604 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 the
lion's share\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 butterflies in one's
stomach\par\pard\qj \li188\ri1811\sb134\sl-225\slmult0\tx615 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 5. A: I can't keep up with my nephew. Every time he
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 comes over, he asks if there's any food
around.\par\pard\qj \li404\ri1984\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi201\tx3841 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 He\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 B: Well, he is a growing teenager.\par\pard\ql
\li192\sb59\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6. A: I think we should
help Claire out. She's like\par\pard\qj \li6043\sb0\sl-225\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li399\ri1457\sb33\sl-225\slmult0\tx610 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B: I know.
It's not easy coming to a metropolis like this \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 after living your whole life in a small coastal
town.\par\pard\ql \li188\sb58\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 7. A:
It's a shame Mr Black's retiring early. I liked him as\par\pard\ql \li600\sb42\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a boss: he was strict but
fair.\par\pard\qj \li399\ri2073\sb41\sl-220\slmult0\tx610 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 B: I agree. However, some of the others in our \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 department must be thrilled.\par\pard\ql
\li394\sb60\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A: Yeah I noticed
the\par\pard\ql \li605\sb46\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 many of
them shed during his announcement.\par\pard\ql \li188\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 8. A: I'm quite disappointed in Michael. I thought
that\par\pard\qj \li600\ri1688\sb9\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
after what happened, he would stat being more \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 humble
and kind.\par\pard\ql \li399\sb54\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B:
Well \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg39}{\bkmkend
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 UJrit I n Q An essay based on
pompts\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5974\colsr160\colno2\colw5626\c
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 B Discuss.\par\pard\qj \li2371\ri519\sb44\sl-
211\slmult0\tx2476 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \u8226? Look at the sign. What do
you think It's \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 trying to say? Whee might it
be found?\par\pard\ql \li2908\sb234\sl-690\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs60 I\par\pard\ql \li1008\sb3\sl-391\slmult0\tx1655
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 >\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 tEAVENOtWN.\par\pard\ql \li1593\sb0\sl-272\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 BUT^FOOTPWNTS^\par\pard\qj \li1852\ri1682\sb198\sl-
292\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 TAKE NOTHINi \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 BUTPICTURE\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-206\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1579\ri336\sb33\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 The quotes 0-4) below are related to wildlife
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 conservation. Match each one to the sentence (a-
d) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 that best captues the meaning being expressed. Then
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 discuss the issues raised in each
quote.\par\pard\ql \li1507\sb159\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 I f Plans to protect air and water, wildeness
and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql \li1761\sb0\sl-196\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226? wildlife, are in fact plans to protect
man.\par\pard\ql \li3998\sb6\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Stewart L
Udall\par\pard\ql \li1507\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1507\sb8\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1751 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 I.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
4C A true conservationist is a man who knows\par\pard\ql \li1756\sb0\sl-196\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 ' that the world is not given by his fathers
but\par\pard\ql \li2040\ri516\sb0\sl-206\slmult0\tx3585 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 borrowed from his childen. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 John Jan\\es Audubon\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb143\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1766 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 i.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 _r" In the end. we will conserve only what we love\par\pard\ql
\li1766\sb1\sl-199\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ' We will love only what we
understand. We will \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 ~\par\pard\ql \li2044\sb1\sl-
196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 understand only what we are
taught.\par\pard\ql \li4387\sb25\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Sura Piouim\par\pard\ql \li1507\sb85\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 4. C Earth
provides enough to satisfy every man's\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1605\sb118\sl-
191\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 B Read
the writing task and answer the questions \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 that
follow.\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1268\sb61\sl-212\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Your class has listened to a radio discussion programme
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 on the measures that need to be taken by
governments \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 to protect endangered animal
species. You have made the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 notes
below:\par\pard\qj \li207\ri1644\sb168\sl-211\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Measures governments need to take to protect \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 endangered animal species:\par\pard\ql \li212\sb48\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \u8226? habitat
preservation\par\pard\qj \li212\ri3056\sb10\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \u8226? captive breeding programmes \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 \u8226? hunting regulations\par\pard\ql \li6326\sb0\sl-
226\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li212\ri1541\sb50\sl-226\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Some opinions expressed in the discussion: \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 'Sometimes the only thing that stands between the \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 survival and extinction of an endangered species is
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 the breeding of that animal in captivity.' \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 'People who hunt and kill animals illegally
should be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 severely punished."\par\pard\ql
\li217\ri1445\sb44\sl-208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 'Saving an
endangered species goes hand in hand \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 with saving its
natural habitat. You can't have the one \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 without the
other.'\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1801\sb165\sl-211\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 measures in your notes. You should explain
which\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1510\sb0\sl-208\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
measure is more effective in protecting endangered \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 animal species and provide reasons to support your \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 opinion. You may. if you wish, make use of the
opinions\par\pard\qj \li49\ri1312\sb0\sl-208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 words as far as possible.\par\pard\ql \li68\sb152\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 1. Can you identify the key words?
Underline them.\par\pard\ql \li68\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
2. What is the topic of discussion?\par\pard\ql \li68\sb71\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 3. What does the writing task require you to
do?\par\pard\qj \li68\ri1931\sb57\sl-206\slmult0\tx289 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
4. What should you do if you decide to make use \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 of the opinions
provided?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7366\colsr160\colno2\colw163
6\colsr160\colno3\colw2448\colsr160\ql \li1766\sb0\sl-225\slmult0\tx5587 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 * needs, but not every man's
greed.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34
5\par\pard\ql \li3940\sb1\sl-185\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Mahatmf Gandhi\par\pard\qj \li1497\sb0\sl-211\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li1497\ri1935\sb140\sl-211\slmult0\tx1708 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 a. We have to preserve our
natural heritage not onlv \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 for ourselves but
also for future generations\par\pard\ql \li1497\sb71\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 b. We have adequate natural resources if we
make\par\pard\ql \li1699\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
sustainable use of them.\par\pard\ql \li1488\sb48\sl-218\slmult0\tx6100\tx6359 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 c It is in our best interests to preserve the
ratural\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 '\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 .,\par\pard\ql \li1703\sb22\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 environment as our survival
depends on :t.\par\pard\ql \li1488\sb61\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 d. Education is the key to conserv anon because
;t\par\pard\ql \li1703\sb1\sl-199\slmult0\tx6302 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 helps people develop an 3ppecis:.j-\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 *\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 natural environment and an understanding of \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 its importance \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 L\par\pard\ql \li5587\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 '\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 a\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 St*\par\pard\li7526\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
\par\pard\li7526\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li7526\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
\par\pard\li7526\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex91\ul0\nosupersub\cf46\f47\fs96 i{\par}}}}
\par\pard\column \ql \li9312\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9312\sb0\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex91 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 *f
Pg40}\par\pard\qj \li1545\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1545\sb0\sl-180\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li1545\ri5824\sb51\sl-180\slmult0\fi19\tx1699 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 : \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137
Read the sample essay for the writing task in activity I \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 and complete the tasks that
follow.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7174\colsr160\colno2\colw1009\
colsr110\colno3\colw3317\colsr160\qj \li1488\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 The extinction of animal species is a natural process
that has occurred \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 coninuously over the course of
Earth's history. However, the mass\par\pard\qj \li1507\ri616\sb0\sl-220\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 extincions evident today ae dearly not part of that
process. It is dear \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that governments need to take
urgent measures to ensue that animal \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 spedes ed-listed
as endangered ae potected.\par\pard\qj \li1531\ri1113\sb35\sl-211\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Firstly, and arguably most importantly, governments must
take \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 measues both to restoe and to protect the
natural habitats of\par\pard\qj \li1550\ri518\sb0\sl-213\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 endangered animals. Many of these ae being destroyed at an alarming
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 rate by human activity such as urban expansion
logging and mining. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 We cannot expect to save spedes
fom exincion if we do not\par\pard\qj \li1574\ri536\sb0\sl-209\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 peserve the natural habitats in which they live.
Governments globally \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 must potect places of special
inteest against human interfeence.\par\pard\qj \li1588\ri489\sb0\sl-231\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 This can best be achieved though the ceation of
wildlife reserves and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sanctuaries that ae protected by
law.\par\pard\ql \li1612\ri547\sb14\sl-209\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
Secondly, the introducion of sticter huning regulaions is a very \line \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 important part of the soluion Many endangered spedes, for
instance \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 igers, dephants, bears and seals, are
ruthlessly slaughtered for their \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 body parts. It
would be a good idea for governments to ensue that\par\pard\ql
\li1651\ri618\sb5\sl-212\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the full force of
the law is used to punish those who for whatever \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
reason, hunt animals that inhabit potected areas or ae on the bink \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 of exincion In addiion, laws that pohibit the buying and
selling of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 products fom endangered spedes must also be
passed.\par\pard\qj \li1689\ri826\sb34\sl-211\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
On balance, although both measues are necessary. I personally \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 consider establishing wildlife reserves and sanctuaies a
pioity.\par\pard\ql \li1708\ri527\sb0\sl-210\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Apat from saieguarding endangeed or criically threatened spedes, \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 these reserves also pated the natural habitats in which they
live. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 They, therefore, ensure the preservaion of
whole ecosystems,\par\pard\qj \li1728\ri725\sb0\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 which are of value to us because of their unique and
irreplaceable \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 biodiversity.\par\pard\ql
\li1521\sb107\sl-161\slmult0\tx1727 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 What does the
writer focus on in each pat of the essay? Match each\par\pard\ql \li1732\sb51\sl-
161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 part to the function it serves (a-
c).\par\pard\ql \li4684\sb136\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 a. states
which approach\par\pard\column \ql \li44\sb27\sl-161\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 listing/\par\pard\qj \li39\ri40\sb0\sl-235\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 sequencing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
P�,nts\par\pard\qj \li7334\sb0\sl-187\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li7334\sb0\sl-
\li34\ri0\sb174\sl-187\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 adding more \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 points\par\pard\qj \li7334\sb0\sl-182\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li25\ri95\sb71\sl-182\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 expressing
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 contrast\par\pard\qj \li7334\sb0\sl-
\li20\ri112\sb4\sl-191\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 expressing \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 result/\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-175\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 consequence\par\pard\ql
\li7334\sb0\sl-182\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri92\sb23\sl-182\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 making \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 statements\par\pard\column \qj \li53\ri1216\sb0\sl-
219\slmult0\tx1919 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 to start with, in the first
place. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 2. \tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 , \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 thirdly,
finally.\par\pard\ql \li58\sb51\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 last
but not least\par\pard\qj \li8452\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li8452\sb0\sl-
\li49\ri1388\sb153\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 furthermore, what is
more, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 another point worth\par\pard\qj
\li44\ri1238\sb0\sl-231\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 mentioning is. not
only... but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 also, not to mention, another \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 key aspect/point/fact\par\pard\ql \li8452\sb0\sl-
\li34\ri1293\sb128\sl-227\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 on the other hand,
even \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 though, in spite of (the fact \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 that), despite (the fact that). \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 all the same, nevertheless, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 nonetheless, while, whereas, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 unlike, by contrast, in\par\pard\ql \li29\sb58\sl-
161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 contrast (to)\par\pard\ql \li8452\sb0\sl-
8.\par\pard\qj \li24\ri1957\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\fi4\tx404 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 (h\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 gs g resu, as
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 a consequence.\par\pard\ql \li24\sb45\sl-
161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 consequently, in this case\par\pard\ql
\li960\sb0\sl-226\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri1247\sb155\sl-226\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 it is evident/apparent/ \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 obvious that, it appears that, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 it seems that, we must take \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 into account the fact that, it \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 goes without saying that, it is \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 important to remember that\par\pard\ql \li960\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 10.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
,\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4515\colsr160\colno2\colw2504\colsr1
\expndtw0\charscalex134 Introduction: paragraph 1\par\pard\ql \li960\sb0\sl-
paragraph 2\par\pard\ql \li1896\sb0\sl-126\slmult0\tx3014 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 Main Part:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 paragraph
3\par\pard\ql \li960\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1896\sb114\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 Conclusion: paragraph
4\par\pard\column \ql \li221\ri547\sb19\sl-182\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 he/she prefers and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
justifies his/her opinion\par\pard\ql \li25\ri491\sb143\sl-191\slmult0\tx236
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 b. raises the issue in \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 question and comments\par\pard\ql \li231\sb30\sl-
161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 briefly\par\pard\qj \li20\ri470\sb154\sl-
187\slmult0\tx231 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 c. develops two points and \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 provides information in\par\pard\qj
\li221\ri386\sb2\sl-196\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 support of the
arguments \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 presented\par\pard\column \ql
\li20\sb46\sl-161\slmult0\tx1139 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 giving an\tab \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex93 11-\par\pard\ql \li20\sb45\sl-161\slmult0\tx1139 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 example\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 (take) for
example, that is. in\par\pard\ql \li1138\sb69\sl-161\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 particular, to illustrate\par\pard\qj
\li1134\ri1302\sb123\sl-225\slmult0\tx3068 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 12.\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 , \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 from my point of
view. I am\par\pard\ql \li1138\sb58\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 in
favour of. it is my belief\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1505\sb0\sl-130\slmult0\tx1139
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 giving\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 that, the way
I see it. I am \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 opinion\par\pard\qj
\li1134\ri1341\sb0\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 convinced that. I
strongly \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 believe, there is no doubt in \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 my mind that \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li960\sb0\sl-
126\slmult0\fi758 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Read the main part of the essay
again. Which two of the notes
has\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw1669\colsr20\colno2\colw5495\colsr
160\colno3\colw4426\colsr160\li960\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li960\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft860\shptop13717\shpright1492\shpbottom14677\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\s
hpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 5.\par\pard\column \qj \li34\ri461\sb0\sl-
the writer chosen to discuss? What reason(s) d\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
provide to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 develop the notes?\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri441\sb0\sl-211\slmult0\fi14\tx4429 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Has the
writer made reference to any of the opinions e \u8226? p< =ssed? If \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 yes. which one(s~ and \u8226?Aêre' What do you notice
at; \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 wording \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 of
the opinion(s) incluoed?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri448\sb0\sl-217\slmult0\tx2358 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Which measure docs\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 gle
out? How does he sê justify his/ \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 her
choice7\par\pard\qj \li25\ri518\sb0\sl-210\slmult0\tx3976 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 Look at the highlighted v.c \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d put them in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
the correct category\par\pard\column \ql \li1133\sb102\sl-161\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 13.\par\pard\ql \li1138\ri1505\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 to sum up. all in all. in \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 conclusion, on the whole.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb52\sl-
161\slmult0\tx1143 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 summing up\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 taking everything into\par\pard\ql \li1138\ri1275\sb12\sl-
232\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 account/consideration, in \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 short/brief, overall, all things \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 considered \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li700\sb1\sl-
it\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf56\f57\fs136 A\par\pard\ql
39 | Page \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg41}
{\bkmkend Pg41}\par\pard\ql \li2337\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2337\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Writing \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 D. Complete the collocations below using the words in
the box. The words may be used more than once \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Those in
bold appeared in the sample
essay.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5475\colsr20\colno2\colw6265\co
lsr160\ql \li4435\sb79\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
habitats\par\pard\qj \li1516\ri0\sb112\sl-244\slmult0\tx1718 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 1. be In danger of / be on the bink of / be on the verge
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 of / be threatened with /
face\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb109\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 2. adopt
/ implement / pass / introduce / take\par\pard\ql \li1507\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 3. endangered / fragile / native / natural /
threatened\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb84\sl-184\slmult0\tx1197\tx2392 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 measures\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 extinction\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 species\par\pard\ql \li357\sb181\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 4. conserve / damage / destroy / preserve / protect /
restore\par\pard\qj \li5827\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li357\ri1491\sb70\sl-
244\slmult0\tx568 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 5. animal / protected / endangered /
extinct / plant / rare / \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
threatened\par\pard\ql \li357\sb95\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 6.
imminent / mass / total / widespread\par\pard\qj \li352\ri1443\sb78\sl-
244\slmult0\tx573 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 7. desperate / drastic / effective /
necessary / preventatlve / \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 urgent /
radical \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1502\ri2723\sb185\sl-200\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 E. Read the writing task below and underline the key
words/phrases. Before you write the essay, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 take time
to think about the topic. Answer the questions on the right. Make
notes.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5662\colsr160\colno2\colw5938\c
olsr160\qj \li1497\ri270\sb169\sl-211\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Your
class has watched a discussion on how schools \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
can raise students' awareness of the importance of\par\pard\ql \li1492\sb23\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 wildlife conservation. You have made the
notes below:\par\pard\qj \li1670\ri462\sb210\sl-225\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Ways schools can raise students' awareness \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 of the importance of wildlife conservation: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8226? celebrating National Wildlife Day\par\pard\ql
\li1675\sb39\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226? excursions / field
trips\par\pard\ql \li1680\sb56\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \u9632?
compulsory wildlife conservation volunteering\par\pard\qj \li1675\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Some opinions expressed In the discussion: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 'Students should be taught that we all have\par\pard\ql
\li1675\ri336\sb0\sl-218\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a role to play in
wildlife conservation.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 'Excursions help
students see from up close \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 what they've been
learning about in class.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 The whole school is
involved so it's fun and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 informative for both
students and teachers alike.'\par\pard\qj \li1492\sb0\sl-211\slmult0
Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
the points in your notes. You should explain\par\pard\qj \li1488\ri448\sb0\sl-
210\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 which way would be more effective in
raising \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 students' awareness of the importance of
wildlife \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 conservation, providing reasons to
support your \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 opinion. You may. if you wish, make
use of the\par\pard\qj \li1488\ri254\sb0\sl-210\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 use your own words as far as possible.\par\pard\column
\qj \li5836\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li39\ri1840\sb35\sl-
216\slmult0\tx260 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 1. Why should schools raise
students' awareness of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 importance of
wildlife conservation?\par\pard\qj \li5836\sb0\sl-215\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 2. Should world international days, such as National
Wildlife \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Day and World Environment Day, be
celebrated in schools?\par\pard\ql \li245\sb22\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 If yes. why? If no. why not?\par\pard\ql \li5832\sb0\sl-
\li30\ri1451\sb203\sl-216\slmult0\tx246 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 3. What kind
of excursions/field trips can help enhance \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
students' understanding of conservation programmes and\par\pard\ql \li236\sb27\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 their importance?\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1491\sb206\sl-215\slmult0\tx241 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 4. How can
coming into contact with wildlife help raise one's \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 sensitivity to conservation issues?\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri1620\sb207\sl-211\slmult0\tx236 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 5. Why should
young people be encouraged to take part in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
wildlife conservation volunteering? \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql
\li1492\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1492\sb111\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 F. Refer to the Writing Reference (plan and TIP). Then
write the essay set in activity E \par\pard\ql \li1492\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 (220-260 words), using ideas from the activities above, as
well as phrases from the box
below.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5792\colsr160\colno2\colw5808\c
olsr160\qj \li1660\sb0\sl-191\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1660\ri554\sb59\sl-
191\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 When writing, try to use chunks of
language, such as \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 set expressions/phrases,
collocations and specific word \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 combinations.
This not only enriches your writing but \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 also
helps you reduce the number of errors you make.\par\pard\ql \li4675\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex181 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ""\u8226?\par\pard\column
\qj \li29\ri2641\sb202\sl-220\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 adopt/develop/take a hands-on approach
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 active/direct involvement\par\pard\qj
\li29\ri1537\sb0\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 be/become/get
actively/emotionally/personally involved \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 make a
positive/significant/invaluable contribution\par\pard\ql \li29\sb28\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 hold/organise/stage an
event\par\pard\qj \li24\ri1728\sb26\sl-192\slmult0\tx188 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 be involved in / engage in / participate in / take part
in / \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 undertake an activity\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 go on / make / organise /
arrange an excursion \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li2913\sb0\sl-
180\slmult0\fi0\tx5952 \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \\\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
broaden/deepen/develop/enhance/enrich/improve/\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-
144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 increase one's understanding of
develop/gain/cultivate/have a deep/growing \par\pard\ql \li6095\sb22\sl-184\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 appreciation of \par\pard\ql \li5942\sb16\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 arouse/awaken one's curiosity \par\pard\ql
\li5942\sb36\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 take / call for
decisive/drastic/immediate/urgent action \par\pard\ql \li3220\sb0\sl-115\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li3220\sb8\sl-115\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 i* \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex142 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 40 |\tab \up0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 R. Read the text and
choose a. b. c or d.\par\pard\ql \li1785\sb90\sl-696\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs68 Black bears\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 The black bear, which is distributed across parts
of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 the Americas, is renowned for its insatiable
appetite. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Considered a(n) 1 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 , it enjoys a wide range of food. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 from berries and nuts to fish and insects, but is known
to\par\pard\qj \li1785\ri134\sb2\sl-244\slmult0\tx2279\tx5663 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 off plant matter mostly. The
black bear 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
relaxed attitude towards its dietary requirements,\par\pard\qj
\li1790\ri129\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\tx5582 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 eating almost
anything it comes across. Aside 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 its \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 extraordinarily sensitive hearing, it has a superior
sense \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 of smell, allowing it to seek out food
over considerable\par\pard\qj \li1785\ri139\sb0\sl-244\slmult0\tx4722 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 distances. This has resulted in bears 5\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 into residential \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 areas,
attracted by the smell of food 6\par\pard\qj \li1790\ri133\sb101\sl-
240\slmult0\tx4110 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 As a response to reductions in food
supplies during winter, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 the black bear prepares
for 7 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 . constructing its winter \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 home and then settling in for the months ahead.
During\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1631\sb31\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1871\tx3321\tx4857 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex83 1.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 a. herbivore\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b.
carnivore\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e. omnlvore\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb65\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4857 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 2. a. graze\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 b. feed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c.
digest\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb71\sl-184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4857 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 3. a. exhibits\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 b.
Illustrates\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 c.fosters\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb65\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4857 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 4. a. with\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 b. from\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
c.to\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb61\sl-184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4857 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 5. a. Interfering\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b.
provoking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 c. wandering\par\pard\ql
\li1636\sb66\sl-184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4862 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 6. a.
materials\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 b. goods\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 c. crops\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb65\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4862 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 7. a. hibernation\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 b. slothfulness\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c.
preservation\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb71\sl-184\slmult0\tx3321\tx4857 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 8. a. plenty\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b.
deal\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c. amount\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb65\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3321\tx4857 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 9. a. month\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 b. course\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c.
season\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb66\sl-184\slmult0\tx3326\tx4857 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 10. a. Inferring\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 b.
tracking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 c. ensuring\par\pard\column \ql
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 �\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs42 BS \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
�\par\pard\ql \li3885\sb0\sl-272\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 3?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-128\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 this\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri4401\sb0\sl-144\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 period, a bear
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 loses a significant\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri3443\sb0\sl-225\slmult0\tx467 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 of its total body fat, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
as much as one third. Therefore\par\pard\ql \li25\ri3448\sb0\sl-
241\slmult0\tx1067 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 over the 9\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 of spring and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 summer,
when food is available, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 a large propotion of its
day\par\pard\ql \li25\sb52\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 is dedicated
to feeding\par\pard\qj \li20\ri4251\sb12\sl-244\slmult0\tx870
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 thus 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 that it
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 generates adequate\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri4078\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 body fat to
survive the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 harsh winter months.\par\pard\ql
\li481\sb177\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 d. insectivore\par\pard\ql
\li481\sb71\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 d. consume\par\pard\ql
\li486\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 d. stages\par\pard\ql
\li486\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 d. of\par\pard\ql
\li486\sb70\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 d. Intruding\par\pard\ql
\li486\sb61\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 d. remains\par\pard\ql
\li486\sb71\sl-184\slmult0\tx4571 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 d. enclosure\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 tv\par\pard\ql \li481\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 d. number\par\pard\ql \li481\sb66\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 d.time\par\pard\ql \li481\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 d. calculating \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1646\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B. Complete the second sentence so
that It has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1646\sb8\sl-184\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Do not change the word given. You must use between three
and eight words, including the word given.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1646\sb0\sl-184\slmult0\par\pard\li1646\sb6\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx1896\tx9417
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Rose was asked
several times by her boss to book tickets for the insect house but she forgot
to.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 repeatedly\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1646\sb109\sl-184\slmult0\fi249\tx6720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Despite
Rose's\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to book tickets for the insect house, she
forgot to.\par\pard\ql \li1646\sb145\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 2.
The aim of the project is to monitor the small number of gorillas left in the area.
\par\pard\li1891\sb120\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx7895 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The
aim of the project Is to keep\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 gorillas left In the
area.\par\pard\ql \li1641\sb152\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 3. It
was wonderful to see how the trip to the aquarium benefited all of my students.
\par\pard\li1896\sb119\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx7809 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex106 It
was wonderful to see how\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 . the trip to the
aquarium.\par\pard\ql \li1641\sb133\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 4.
We know that trying to prohibit farmers from shooting wild animals is useless when
their livestock is in danger. \par\pard\li1891\sb127\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx6868 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 We know that\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 farmers from
shooting wild animals when their\par\pard\ql \li1896\sb65\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 livestock Is in danger. \par\pard\ql \li1646\sb136\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 5. The injured lion's health has hardly
improved In the last 48 hours. \par\pard\li1891\sb126\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx6532
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 There has.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 . the
injured lion's health in the last 48 hours.\par\pard\ql \li1646\sb146\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6. I heard that all the sanctuary workers
agree with the new measures. \par\pard\li1900\sb120\sl-184\slmult0\fi0\tx6724
\dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex108 I heard that\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 the new
measures.\par\pard\ql \li9772\sb434\sl-1296\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
\ul0\nosupersub\cf57\f58\fs144 A \par\pard\ql \li715\sb247\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex150 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 42 | Page
B\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3449\colsr160\colno2\colw8151\colsr1
60\qj \li1444\sb0\sl-304\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1684\ri1009\sb227\sl-
304\slmult0\fi182 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex82 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 8>
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex78 SS\par\pard\ql \li1444\sb0\sl-288\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 a\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 C. Complete the gaps in the text with one word
only.\par\pard\ql \li5833\sb75\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-208\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Why people love
birdwatching\par\pard\ql \li4978\sb0\sl-307\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs33 Of\ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs68
P\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5619\colsr160\colno2\colw2495\colsr2
0\colno3\colw3476\colsr160\ql \li1281\sb0\sl-153\slmult0\tx1986 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 Every year In the United Kingdom,
thousands\par\pard\ql \li1516\ri288\sb0\sl-179\slmult0\fi148\tx4151 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 of people head 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the
countryside. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 armed with their binoculars and desperate
to catch \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 sight of their favourite bird. Indeed,
2\par\pard\qj \li1516\ri179\sb5\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
British have long been birdwatching enthusiasts and, as \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 a recreational activity, It dates back far in
time.\par\pard\ql \li1516\sb105\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 So what
exactly is It that draws people 3\par\pard\column \ql \li1465\sb0\sl-144\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 :for these\par\pard\qj \li20\ri307\sb0\sl-
151\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Individuals, nothing is more \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 tranquil than listening to the\par\pard\ql
\li20\ri0\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\tx2114 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 delightful chatter
birds engage in. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Incredibly, some birders,
having \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 educated 6 \tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 . over \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 the years on all the
different bird\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb73\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\li1511\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5614\colsr160\colno2\colw5986\colsr160
\ql \li1511\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 birdwatching? Well, for a great 4\par\pard\qj
\li1511\ri295\sb11\sl-244\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 birders, It is a
love of the great outdoors which excites \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 them, the
oppotunity to roam through the country's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 fields and
forests, and all for the joy of encountering \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 bird
behaviour in its natural environment. For others, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
birdwatching offers the ultimate way to wind\par\pard\ql \li1305\sb0\sl-184\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb118\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 0. Choose a,
b, c or d.\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb113\sl-184\slmult0\tx2380 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 1. At first\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I thought it
was a snake, but it turned out\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb23\sl-184\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 to be the garden water hose.\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb51\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. sight\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 c. look\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb22\sl-184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b. glance\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 d.
view\par\pard\qj \li1310\ri466\sb58\sl-206\slmult0\tx1511\tx3659 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 2. It has been shown that a pet can really help to ease
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 loneliness and, therefore, \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 the life of Its owner\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb19\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 enormously.\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb52\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a. safeguard\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 c. coordinate\par\pard\ql \li1516\sb27\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 b. evolve\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 d. enrich\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb70\sl-184\slmult0\tx4257
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 3. A local entrepreneur made a very\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 donation to the\par\pard\qj \li1511\ri472\sb1\sl-
211\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 animal shelter, which will be used to
buy necessary \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 medical supplies.\par\pard\ql
\li1511\sb47\sl-184\slmult0\tx3642 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. sizeable\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c urgent\par\pard\ql \li1521\sb22\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3642 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 b. profitable\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 d. dramatic\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb71\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3047 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 4. I've always been\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 against any spot which involves\par\pard\qj
\li1511\ri644\sb13\sl-201\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Inflicting pain on
animals, especially hunting and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
bullfighting.\par\pard\ql \li1507\sb50\sl-184\slmult0\tx3642 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 a. morally\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 c.
steadily\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb27\sl-184\slmult0\tx3642 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 b. purely\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 d.
firmly\par\pard\ql \li1305\sb75\sl-184\slmult0\tx2951 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
5. It goes without\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 that you're welcome to use
our\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb23\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 beach
house anytime you wish.\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb51\sl-184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 a. knowing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 c.
doing\par\pard\ql \li1511\sb22\sl-184\slmult0\tx3647 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
b. acting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 d. saying\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Self-assessment\par\pard\column
\ql \li5774\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri2896\sb112\sl-
sounds, are even able to distinguish \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7 \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 species of birds simply \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 from their singing. When one thinks of all \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 that birdwatching has to offer, it Is really\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri3026\sb5\sl-240\slmult0\fi4\tx1484 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 surprise that people \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 take
great pleasure in the activity.\par\pard\ql \li5774\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li20\sb102\sl-184\slmult0\tx3202 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6. Even though
Kieran tried his best to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 me into\par\pard\ql
\li270\sb27\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 going fishing with him at
the weekend, I refused.\par\pard\ql \li265\sb46\sl-184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 a. bug\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c.
badger\par\pard\ql \li274\sb22\sl-184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
b. chicken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d. hound\par\pard\ql \li20\sb76\sl-
184\slmult0\tx3361 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 7. If this bothers you so much, you
could\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 the issue at\par\pard\ql \li270\sb27\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 next month's staff meeting.\par\pard\ql
\li265\sb46\sl-184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a. raise\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 c. rise\par\pard\ql \li274\sb23\sl-184\slmult0\tx2377
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b. praise\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 d.
describe\par\pard\ql \li20\sb75\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 8. The
beach clean-up effot was a huge success; the\par\pard\qj \li270\ri1980\sb9\sl-
206\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 was over 200 bags of rubbish being
collected by the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 volunteers.\par\pard\ql
\li270\sb43\sl-184\slmult0\tx2377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. effect\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c. outcome\par\pard\ql \li270\sb27\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b. reaction\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 d. development\par\pard\ql \li20\sb75\sl-184\slmult0\tx2756
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 9. Exceeding the speed limit is a\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 of the law and will\par\pard\ql \li274\sb28\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 not go unpunished.\par\pard\ql
\li270\sb46\sl-184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. regulation\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 c. misconception\par\pard\ql \li265\sb22\sl-
184\slmult0\tx2377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b. violation\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 d. deception\par\pard\ql \li20\sb76\sl-
184\slmult0\tx1628 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 10. We must take\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 measures if we do not want to see\par\pard\ql
\li270\sb22\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the bird flu spreading to
humans once more.\par\pard\ql \li265\sb51\sl-184\slmult0\tx2367 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 a. protected\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c.
common\par\pard\ql \li270\sb23\sl-184\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
b. preventative\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 d. ethical
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1320\ri3130\sb11\sl-180\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes. For the
points you are unsure of, refer back to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the relevant
sections in the module. \par\pard\ql \li1463\sb120\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 now i
inn.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5163\colsr40\colno2\colw6557\cols
r160\qj \li1449\ri41\sb86\sl-278\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u9658? discuss Issues related to animals and their
habitats \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I use articles, nouns, determiners and
pronouns\par\pard\ql \li1449\sb78\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ) use
topic-related vocabulary; verbs with prepositions;\par\pard\qj \li1579\ri0\sb4\sl-
208\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 phrasal verbs with 'down'; verbs in a
figurative sense; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 idioms; collocations; words that
describe groups of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 animals, people and
things\par\pard\ql \li916\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li916\sb160\sl-
184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 42\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb163\sl-184\slmult0\tx601 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex144 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 LJ\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 I find the meaning of a word by analysing
Its\par\pard\ql \li596\ri3584\sb0\sl-256\slmult0\fi129 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
different parts \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 r write an essay based on
prompts \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg45}{\bkmkend
\ul0\nosupersub\cf59\f60\fs34\ul Pioneer Cl+ Modules l&Z \line\ul0\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf59\f60\fs34\ul Language Notes
\ul0\nosupersub\cf60\f61\fs24\ul Language Plus (A) \par\pard\li791\sb195\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 enhance (v.) = o
increase or improve\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 elevate (v.) = o improve
one's mood and make them feel happy\par\pard\li791\sb184\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx1132 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 boost (v.) = o make sth increase or become
better\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 exceed (v.) = o be more or greater
than\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 manage (v.) = o succeed in doing sth (especially
sth which involves a certain\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi364 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 degree of difficulty) I to be in charge of a
business\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 run (v.) = o be in
charge of a business\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 operate (v.) = o know
how to use sth, to handle\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1137 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 undertake (v.) = to
start doing sth for which you are responsible for\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 occupation (n.) = a job; this word is especially used in
formal\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi350 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130
documents/forms\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 profession (n.) = a job;
especially one for which special skills are needed\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 position (n.) = a job in a company\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex131 vocation (n.) = a type of work which you believe is your
purpose in life\par\pard\li791\sb189\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 career (n.) = a series
of jobs in a specific area of work\par\pard\li791\sb176\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 employment (n.) = the situation in which people have paid
work\par\pard\li791\sb184\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1147 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 economic (adj.) = relating to the system of a
country's/ society's/region's\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi350 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 economy / relating to money\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 economical (adj.) = using money/resources sensibly /
cheap(er)\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 >
financial (adj.) = relating to money\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 position (n.) = a
job in a company\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1132 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 vocation (n.) = a type
of work which you believe is your purpose in life\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 productive (adj.) = doing or achieving a
lot\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 effective (adj.) = producing the intended
result\par\pard\li791\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 efficient (adj.) = capable of producing the
desired result without wasting\par\pard\li791\sb185\sl-276\slmult0\fi350 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 time, energy or resources\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex150 44 | Page
Lan\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 a\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul
ua\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 a\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul e Plus
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 1\u8212?i \par\pard\qj \li791\ri1414\sb35\sl-
460\slmult0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 > Some
words can have several meanings for the same part of speech (e.g. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 term). \par\pard\qj \li791\ri617\sb0\sl-
460\slmult0\tx1147 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 > Some words have completely
different meanings for the different parts of \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 speech (e.g. mark). \par\pard\qj \li791\ri640\sb17\sl-
440\slmult0\tx1132 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 > Some words have the same meaning
but are associated with either British or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
American English (e.g. mark BrE - grade AmE, term BrE - semester AmE). \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Language Plus \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb161\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 promising
(adj.) = showing signs of being successful or very good \par\pard\qj
\li1555\ri644\sb48\sl-460\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 procrastinate
(v.) = to delay doing sth you should do, usually because \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 you don't want to do it \par\pard\li1569\sb149\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0\tx4272 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 perfectionism Cn.)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 = the state of doing things perfectly and not
being\par\pard\li1569\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
satisfied with anything less\par\pard\li1569\sb176\sl-299\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 diligence (n.) = thorough and careful effort or
absent-minded (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 = tending to forget things,
or thinking about sth\par\pard\li1569\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 different from what is around you\par\pard\li1569\sb171\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0\tx3201\tx4022 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 systematic\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 = done according to
a careful plan or system in an\par\pard\li1569\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 efficient way\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb166\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 articulate (adj.) = expressing thought clearly \par\pard\qj
\li1560\ri2181\sb48\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 wit (n.) = the
ability to use words in a clever and amusing way \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
focused (adj.) = concentrated on a specific aim \par\pard\qj \li1569\ri634\sb20\sl-
460\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 humble (adj.) = not acting or thinking
that you are more important than \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 other people
\par\pard\qj \li1564\ri627\sb20\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 acts on
his own Initiative = acts without being encouraged or urged by \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 others \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb133\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 ambitious (adj.) = determined to be rich, successful,
etc. \par\pard\qj \li1555\ri629\sb48\sl-460\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 impatient (adj.) = irritated because sth isn't happening as
quick as you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 want it to happen or in the way you want
it to happen \par\pard\li715\sb153\sl-299\slmult0\fi432\tx1569 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 opinionated (adj.)
- sb who has strong feelings about sth and is unwilling\par\pard\li715\sb161\sl-
299\slmult0\fi849 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 to change them, even if they are
being unreasonable\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb237\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0\tx1156\tx1343 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 45\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 |\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 \u8226? team player (n.) = sb
who works well with others, especially at work \par\pard\qj \li1147\ri647\sb58\sl-
460\slmult0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \u8226? observant (adj.) = good at
noticing things that happen persuasive (adj.) = \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 good at making people do or believe what you tell them
\par\pard\ql \li777\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li777\sb294\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Language plus \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 strive hard to succeed = try hard to achieve sth
\par\pard\ql \li1420\sb181\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 set long-
term goals = decide on sth you want to achieve after a long time \par\pard\qj
\li1420\ri641\sb65\sl-440\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 take risks = to do
sth even though you know it could
have an unpleasant \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 or dangerous ending
\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb157\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 be a quitter
= sb who gives up easily \par\pard\qj \li1425\ri643\sb48\sl-460\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 have strong motivation = have a strong willingness and
eagerness to do \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 sth \par\pard\ql \li1425\sb153\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 diligent = sb who works hard and is
careful \par\pard\ql \li1430\sb161\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
narrow-minded = unwilling to listen to ideas different from your own
conscientious \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 = sb who works hard and is
careful to do everything \par\pard\ql \li1425\sb161\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 correctly \par\pard\ql \li1425\sb181\sl-299\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 knowledgeable = sb who knows a lot about one or more
subjects \par\pard\ql \li1425\sb161\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
studious = sb who spends a lot of time reading or studying \par\pard\qj
\li1420\ri649\sb48\sl-460\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 dedicated = sb
who spends a lot of time and effort on sth, usually because \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 it is important to them \par\pard\qj
\li1430\ri3457\sb20\sl-460\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (in)competent =
(not) capable of doing sth effectively \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 meticulous = sb
who pays careful attention to details \par\pard\ql \li1003\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Meanings of the words in each sentence
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 term (BrE) (n.) =
one of the periods in the year during which classes are\par\pard\li1142\sb161\sl-
299\slmult0\fi566 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 held in
universities/colleges\par\pard\li1142\sb177\sl-299\slmult0\fi0\tx1718 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 mark (BrE)/grade (AmE)
(v.) = to give a number to assess the quality of\par\pard\li1142\sb161\sl-
299\slmult0\fi566 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 a student's
3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 degree (n.) = a university/college
qualification\par\pard\qj \li1142\ri1600\sb17\sl-480\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 4. second degree (adj.) = used to describe the seriousness
of a burn \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 5. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 mark (v.) =
label/characterize sth \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li715\sb91\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex159 46|Page
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 6. term (n.) =
a word referring to sth \par\pard\li772\sb192\sl-299\slmult0\fi374\tx1718 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 mark (n.) = a spot of
dirt on a surface\par\pard\li772\sb181\sl-299\slmult0\fi374\tx1713 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 degree (n.) =
level\par\pard\li772\sb177\sl-299\slmult0\fi369\tx1713 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 (top)grade (n.) = (high)
level\par\pard\li772\sb171\sl-299\slmult0\fi398 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 10.
Term (n.) = condition\par\pard\li772\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li772\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Language Notes\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-
299\slmult0\fi2880 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 (Countable & Uncountable
Nouns)\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi105\tx1281 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 singular verb: mathematics, measles, evidence, glass,
freedom, time,\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi508 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 luggage, meat, news plural verb: efforts, clothes, goods,
scissors,\par\pard\li772\sb156\sl-299\slmult0\fi513 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
experiences\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi105\tx1291 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 both singular and plural
verbs: staff Suggested answers\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1281
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Mathematics is one
of my favourite subjects at school.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Measles is a highly infectious disease that can cause
serious health\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi508 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 complications.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-
299\slmult0\fi100\tx1281\tx10180\tx10660 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Evidence is mounting that he committed the crime. The
glass\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 on\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
the\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi513 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 sliding
door is cracked and needs to be replaced.\par\pard\li772\sb152\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Freedom of speech is an essential aspect of
democracy.\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Time is a scarce
resource and must be used wisely.\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex121 My luggage is heavy because I bought a lot of
souvenirs.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1286 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Lean meat constitutes an
essential part of your diet if you are trying to\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-
299\slmult0\fi508 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 build
muscle.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1281 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Bad news travels
fast.\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi105\tx1286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 His efforts to upgrade the school system have
failed.\par\pard\li772\sb161\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The clothes I bought
yesterday were on sale.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 All the goods sold at
that store are on sale.\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The scissors are on that
desk over there.\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-299\slmult0\fi100\tx1286 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 My experiences while
volunteering in Africa have made me aware of global\par\pard\li772\sb157\sl-
299\slmult0\fi508 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 issues.\par\pard\li772\sb162\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex122 All staff is/are required to attend the meeting scheduled
for Wednesday.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex161 47|Page
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 glass,
freedom, time, meat, efforts, experience \par\pard\ql \li768\sb184\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 Uncountable \par\pard\li873\sb198\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex132 This bottle is made of glass. - hard transparent
substance\par\pard\li873\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx1286 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 My glasses are on that
table over there. Spectacles\par\pard\ql \li878\sb174\sl-276\slmult0\tx1281 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 > \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Countable - I need to
buy 10 crystal water glasses for the dinner party \par\pard\qj
\li1281\ri741\sb32\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 tomorrow. - a
container which you use to drink liquid from and which is \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 made from glass \par\pard\ql \li873\sb152\sl-
276\slmult0\tx1276 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 > \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135
Uncountable - Freedom contributes significantly to individual happiness.
-\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 the general
state of being free to say, do, act. etc, as you wish \par\pard\ql \li873\sb164\sl-
Countable - The freedoms that are most important to me are freedom of
\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 choice and
freedom of speech. - specific aspect of freedom \par\pard\li873\sb196\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex131 Uncountable - He's got a lot of free time. \u8212? period
spent doing sth\par\pard\li873\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx1305\tx10483 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Countable - Departure
times vary so you have to check the timetable,\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 - the\par\pard\ql \li1267\sb176\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 point(s) in the day when something is supposed to
happen \par\pard\ql \li873\sb184\sl-276\slmult0\tx1310 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
> \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Uncountable - He doesn't eat meat because he is
a vegetarian. - the flesh of \par\pard\ql \li1296\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 animals that is eaten as food \par\pard\ql \li873\sb184\sl-
Countable - The buffet had a wonderful array or cold meats and salads.
-\par\pard\qj \li1300\ri799\sb12\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 when
the emphasis falls on variety and the dfferent types that exist e.g beef, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 turkey, chicken, roasted smoked, etc.
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 Uncountable - it took a great deal of effort to
admit that she had been\par\pard\li878\sb180\sl-276\slmult0\fi393 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 wrong. - difficulty\par\pard\ql \li873\sb173\sl-
Countable - Efforts are being made to save species that are verging on \par\pard\ql
\li1281\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 extinction. - a series of
activities aimed at achieving a specific goal \par\pard\ql \li873\sb184\sl-
Uncountable - He hasn't got any work experience.- knowledge or \par\pard\ql
\li1296\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 experience gained from
working in a specfic field/ occupation \par\pard\ql \li878\sb184\sl-
Countable - He has written a book about his travel experiences. - specfic
events/occurrences/incidents that you have gone through and that have had \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 a very big impact on you \par\pard\ql \li777\sb132\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf60\f61\fs24\ul Language
Notes (D) \par\pard\qj \li873\ri743\sb32\sl-460\slmult0\tx1267 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 > butterflies in my stomach (=
to feel very nervous especially because of sth \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 you have to do) \par\pard\ql \li878\sb152\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 > a lone wolf (= sb who prefers to be alone)
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex148 48 | Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs88 t& \par\pard\ql \li878\sb0\sl-234\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 > elephant in the room = a very
obvious problem/ situation that people don't \par\pard\ql \li1271\sb144\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 want to discuss) \par\pard\qj
\li873\ri4163\sb28\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 > the lion's share
(= the largest or best part of sth) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 > eats like a
horse (= to always eat a lot of food) \par\pard\qj \li873\ri644\sb0\sl-
460\slmult0\tx1286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 > a fish out of water (= to feel
awkward because you are not like the people \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
around you or you are in an unfamiliar situation) \par\pard\qj
\li873\ri1010\sb0\sl-460\slmult0\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 > crocodile
tears (= tears that are not really an expression of hurt or worry; \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 fake) \par\pard\qj \li873\ri641\sb17\sl-
440\slmult0\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 > a leopard doesn't change its
spots (= a person's character, especially a bad \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 one, doesn't change) \par\pard\ql \li768\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul Transition & Linking Words & Phrases for
Writing \par\pard\ql \li873\sb161\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 > to begin with: to start listing things
\par\pard\qj \li873\ri4912\sb28\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 > from
my point of view: to express opinion \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 > lastly: to add
a final idea \par\pard\ql \li873\sb133\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
> on top of that: to add an idea \par\pard\qj \li878\ri6274\sb45\sl-440\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 > for instance: to give an example \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 > additionally: to add an idea \par\pard\qj
\li878\ri874\sb4\sl-460\slmult0\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 > that's a
really interesting question: to introduce the topic and gain some \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 time to think \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
Pg51}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw7030\colsr160\colno2\colw623\col
sr40\colno3\colw1263\colsr110\colno4\colw2554\colsr160\qj \li1703\sb0\sl-
\li1703\ri138\sb185\sl-225\slmult0\tx5788\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex188
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 successful (adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex194
manag \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex193 unsuccessful \tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 (\par\pard\column
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 H{\par}}}}
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 achieve\par\pard\column \ql \li1708\sb0\sl-
\u9632?\u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex80 \u9632?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb53\sl-
D\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw6811\colsr110\colno2\colw1601\colsr6
(opposite adj.)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex180 rive\par\pard\qj
\li2529\ri545\sb2\sl-268\slmult0\fi3335 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 -\line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex205 word families\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-
KU\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb109\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex186
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 accomplis\par\pard\column
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 D{\par}}}}
artel parts of\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex203 synonyms\par\pard\ql
\li3086\sb1\sl-204\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex212 speech \par\pard\ql
\li1391\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1391\ri7678\sb85\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex173 successfully (adv.) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex191
unsuccessfully \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex187 (opposite adv.)
\par\pard\li1401\sb7\sl-621\slmult0\fi1924 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex99
r\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5481\colsr40\colno2\colw880\colsr60\
colno3\colw5309\colsr160\ql \li3633\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex189
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 success (n.)\par\pard\qj \li2481\ri439\sb9\sl-
225\slmult0\tx2961 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex211 definition and \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex210 example\par\pard\qj \li1401\sb0\sl-227\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1401\ri0\sb80\sl-227\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex200 definition: to achieve
sth \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex196 that you have been trying \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex196 to do or get\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-
504\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs56 J\par\pard
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs66 c{\par}}}}
\par\pard\column \ql \li1743\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex212
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 antonyms\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
230\slmult0\tx2401 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex197 ose\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex191 go wrong\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex162
fail\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7092\colsr160\colno2\colw796\cols
r160\colno3\colw3562\colsr160\qj \li1401\ri1494\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex199 example: He studied hard \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex185
strt<i succeeded in getting \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex186 into Medical
school.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-468\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 I\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb16\sl-160\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 )\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3915\col
sr160\colno2\colw7685\colsr160\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 the others\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Another\par\pard\ql \li729\sb171\sl-
3.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 the other
(day)\par\pard\ql \li729\sb175\sl-276\slmult0\tx1315 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Other\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 every other (day)\par\pard\ql \li734\sb161\sl-
6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 one
another's\par\pard\ql \li734\sb171\sl-276\slmult0\tx1319 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 other than\par\pard\ql
\li729\sb128\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 50 |
Page\par\pard\column \qj \li4075\sb0\sl-566\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li20\ri6404\sb245\sl-566\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 the rest \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 one more\par\pard\qj \li20\ri5726\sb0\sl-
439\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 a few days ago \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 additional\par\pard\qj \li20\ri5398\sb3\sl-436\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 every second day \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 each
other's\par\pard\ql \li20\sb129\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 apart
from \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg52}{\bkmkend
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 \\< I.II \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 English \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 I \par\pard\ql \li3993\sb0\sl-713\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 Grammar \par\pard\ql \li2611\sb0\sl-360\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li2611\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2611\ri2427\sb139\sl-
4ôon�cdoi Kion o4^ our obtVrt-y ho \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139
express ourêWes." \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs88 IS \par\pard\ql \li11481\sb0\sl-46\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 /. \par\pard\ql \li1094\sb0\sl-324\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 [-Let'iMii l:otius
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 L2lArSlHll
CLMltlUllOUS\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4284\colsr160\colno2\colw
4641\colsr160\colno3\colw2525\colsr160\ql \li979\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li979\sb12\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 We use the present
simple:\par\pard\ql \li1036\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1036\sb27\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1367 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
for permanent states,\par\pard\qj \li1382\ri1040\sb7\sl-263\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 repeated actions and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 daily
routines.\par\pard\qj \li1377\ri1330\sb86\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He works in a bank. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (permanent
state)\par\pard\qj \li1382\ri469\sb0\sl-257\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He
takes the tram to work every \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 morning.\par\pard\column
\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1585\sb12\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 We use the present continuous:\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 for actions taking
place\par\pard\ql \li1988\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 now, at
the moment of\par\pard\ql \li20\sb43\sl-230\slmult0\tx1993 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex291 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *%\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 speaking.\par\pard\ql
4\par\pard\qj \li1983\ri816\sb0\sl-175\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 He is giving the baby a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
bath at the moment.\par\pard\column
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs80 I{\par}}}}
\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5916\colsr160\colno2\colw5684\colsr160
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (daily routine repeated actions)\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex100 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 for general truths
and\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 laws of
nature.\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb124\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 The sun sets in the west.\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 c)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 for timetables \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
(planes,\par\pard\qj \li1411\ri3118\sb16\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 trains, etc.) and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
programmes.\par\pard\qj \li1406\ri2424\sb91\sl-259\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 The plane from Brussels \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
arrives at 8:30.\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 d)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 for sports
commentaries, reviews and narration.\par\pard\qj \li1411\ri2078\sb106\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1608 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a) Peterson overtakes Williams
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 and wins the race, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (sports\par\pard\ql \li1617\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 commentary)\par\pard\qj \li1420\ri2062\sb19\sl-
254\slmult0\tx1617 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 b) Mike Dalton plays the part of
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Macbeth, (review)\par\pard\qj
\li1425\ri2069\sb6\sl-259\slmult0\tx1617 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 c) Then the
prince gets on his \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 horse and quickly rides
away,\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
(narration)\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1425 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
to give instructions or directions (instead of the\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 imperative).\par\pard\qj
\li1435\ri66\sb96\sl-264\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 You sprinkle some
cheese on the pizza and then you bake \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex72 it. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 (Instead of: Sprinkle some cheese on the
pizza ...)\par\pard\qj \li1041\ri60\sb131\sl-257\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 The present simple is used with the following time \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 expressions: usually, often, always, etc., every
dayl \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 weeklmonth lyear, in the morning Iafternoon
I evening, at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 night, at the weekend, on Mondays,
etc.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb147\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex149 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 52 |
b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 for temporary actions; that is actions that are
going\par\pard\ql \li366\ri2999\sb17\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 on
around now, but not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 at the actual moment of
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 speaking.\par\pard\qj \li817\ri2813\sb139\sl-
249\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 S I'm looking for N \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 '\\a new /ob these days. ,\par\pard\qj
\li376\ri2990\sb229\sl-264\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (He is not
looking for a job at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the moment of
speaking.)\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li44\sb14\sl-
207\slmult0\tx385 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 c)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
with adverbs such as: always, constantly,\par\pard\qj \li380\ri942\sb2\sl-
268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 continually, etc. for actions which happen
very often, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 usually to express annoyance,
irritation or anger.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb99\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 a) I'm always meeting Sara\par\pard\ql \li582\sb0\sl-
280\slmult0\tx2949 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 when I go shopping,\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 r\par\pard\ql \li591\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (action
which happens\par\pard\ql \li582\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx4278 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 very often)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\ql \li3179\sb0\sl-162\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 *\par\pard\ql \li390\ri3352\sb0\sl-
184\slmult0\tx597 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 b) You're constantly \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 interrupting me when\par\pard\qj \li587\ri3288\sb0\sl-
262\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 I'm talking, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 (expressing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 annoyance
irritation)\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li49\sb41\sl-
207\slmult0\tx400 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 d)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
for actions that we have already arranged to do in\par\pard\qj
\li395\ri908\sb10\sl-259\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the near future,
especially when the time and place \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 have been
decided.\par\pard\qj \li404\ri3653\sb91\sl-259\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 They're moving into \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
their new house next\par\pard\qj \li404\ri3256\sb1\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 week. (The time has been \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
decided.)\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 e)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 for changing or
developing situations.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri889\sb41\sl-296\slmult0\fi398 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 More and more species are becoming extinct. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 The present continuous is used with the following time \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 expressions: now, at the moment, at present, these \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 days, still, nowadays, today, tonight, etc.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 AM I U \par\pard\ql \li6830\sb0\sl-252\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 l-llrSlrlll L-
(rl\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 llrCl COllU\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28
uunw\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5806\colsr160\colno2\colw5794\col
sr160\ql \li868\sb186\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the present perfect:\par\pard\ql
\li931\sb158\sl-207\slmult0\tx1262 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex144 for an action which started in the past and\par\pard\qj
\li1271\ri66\sb8\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 continues up to the
present, especially with state \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 verbs such as be,
have.\par\pard\qj \li1271\ri2093\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
like, know, etc. In this case, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 we often use for
and since.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb186\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 We use the present perfect continuous:\par\pard\ql
\li78\sb153\sl-207\slmult0\tx423 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 to put emphasis on the duration of an action
which\par\pard\qj \li423\ri899\sb16\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
started in the past and continues up to the present, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex143
especially with time\par\pard\qj \li423\ri3220\sb5\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 expressions such as for, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
since, all
morningldayl\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3784\colsr60\colno2\colw7
916\colsr160\qj \li1276\ri0\sb91\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Rachel
has had the dog for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 three years. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 (She got the dog \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 three
years ago and she still \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 has it.)\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex100 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 for an action which
has\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 recently
finished and whose\par\pard\column \ql \li2545\sb0\sl-369\slmult0\tx5531 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 year, etc.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf28\f29\fs66 i\par\pard\ql \li20\sb95\sl-161\slmult0\tx2555
\u9632?\u8226?"*,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18
Sam has been talking on\par\pard\ql \li2550\sb1\sl-204\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 the phone for half an hour.\par\pard\ql \li308\sb0\sl-
224\slmult0\tx2565\tx5862 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex145
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 H ..\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (He began talking on the\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs33 ^V\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs110
s\par\pard\qj \li2545\ri3217\sb33\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 phone half an hour ago \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 and he is still
talking.)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5873\colsr160\colno2\colw572
7\colsr160\qj \li1291\ri2106\sb2\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex155 result
is visible in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 present.\par\pard\ql
\li1286\sb109\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 She has just washed her
hair.\par\pard\qj \li1291\ri561\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\fi4\tx4636 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 (She has now wrapped her hair\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex179 *!*< \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 in a towel, so the
action has finished.)\par\pard\ql \li960\sb185\sl-207\slmult0\tx1291 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 c)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 for an action which
happened at an unstated time\par\pard\qj \li1300\ri114\sb3\sl-244\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 in the past. The exact time is not mentioned \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 because it is either unknown or unimportant.\par\pard\qj
\li1296\ri1204\sb0\sl-296\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 The emphasis is
placed on the action. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The Taylors have bought
a\par\pard\ql \li1296\sb17\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 sailing
boat. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (The exact time is\par\pard\ql \li4598\sb0\sl-
*\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb114\sl-207\slmult0\tx376 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 for an action
which started in the past and lasted\par\pard\qj \li371\ri886\sb6\sl-240\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 for some time. The action may have finished \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 or \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 may still be going
on.\par\pard\qj \li371\ri3298\sb0\sl-243\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 The
result of the action \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 is visible in the
present.\par\pard\qj \li6393\sb0\sl-243\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li6393\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Her feet hurt. She has \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
been walking all morning. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (The result of the
action is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 visible in the present \u9632? her
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 feet hurt.) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql
\li1300\sb0\sl-162\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 unknown or unimportant.
What \par\pard\ql \li1300\sb0\sl-162\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 is
important is the fact that they \par\pard\ql \li1305\sb18\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 now own a sailing boat.) \par\pard\ql \li3859\sb0\sl-
p\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs76 1 \par\pard\li964\sb0\sl-162\slmult0\fi0\tx1310 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 d)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 for an action which has happened within a
specific\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5873\colsr160\colno2\colw5727
\colsr160\qj \li1310\ri90\sb0\sl-199\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 time
period which is not over at the moment of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
speaking. We often use words and expressions \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
such as today, this morning evening week month. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
etc.\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb35\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 She has
taken fifteen pictures \up0 \expndtw-12\charscalex88 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36
V\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb22\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 today. (The time period - today -\par\pard\ql
\li1320\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx4353 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 is not over yet.
She may take\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 *\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 more pictures.)\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs58 i*\par\pard\ql \li1329\ri1130\sb0\sl-
187\slmult0\tx1751 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 BUT:
She took twenty pictures yesterday. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (The
time period \u9632? yesterday - is over.)\par\pard\qj \li950\ri71\sb120\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1502 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Note: We use the present perfect to
announce a piece \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 of news and the past
simple or past continuous\par\pard\ql \li1502\sb22\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 to give more details about it.\par\pard\qj
\li1507\ri69\sb97\sl-240\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 The police have
finally arrested Peter Duncan. He \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 was trying to
leave the country when they caught \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
him.\par\pard\qj \li945\ri61\sb161\sl-243\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 The
present perfect is used with the following time \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
expressions: for, since, already, yet, always, just, ever, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 never, so far, today, this week/month, etc., how long,
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 lately, recently, still (in negations),
etc.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 c)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 to express anger, irritation or annoyance.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf42\f43\fs42 s\par\pard\ql \li337\sb0\sl-
206\slmult0\tx2089 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 ^
Somebody\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32
m\par\pard\qj \li337\ri3558\sb0\sl-222\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 has been giving \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 away
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 ^^ our plans.\par\pard\ql \li1983\sb89\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (The speaker is irritated.)\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri831\sb142\sl-244\slmult0\tx601 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Note: With the
verbs live, work, teach and feel (= have \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 a
particular emotion) we can use the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 present\par\pard\qj
\li596\ri825\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 perfect or present
perfect continuous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 with no \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 difference in meaning.\par\pard\ql \li601\sb84\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 We have lived/have been living here for
twenty years.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri817\sb136\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex140 The present perfect continuous is used with the \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 following time expressions: for, since, how long,
lately, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 recently.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf62\f63\fs78 i? \par\pard\ql \li11107\sb124\sl-138\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 S< I u \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 /\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs48 .(iv'is-rbs ot L-
iequcf-Licy \par\pard\ql \li2107\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2107\sb316\sl-
Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, \par\pard\ql \li2553\ri2045\sb6\sl-
386\slmult0\fi4\tx3182\tx3196\tx3263\tx3273 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 sometimes,
seldom /rarely, never, etc.) come before \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 the main verb
(read, work, etc.) but after the verb to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 be, auxiliary
verbs (do, have, etc.) or modal verbs \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 (can, should,
etc.). Adverbs of frequency go \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 before the auxiliary
verbs in short answers. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. Susan often goes
skiing at the weekend. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Kim is sometimes
rude to other people. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 You can always call
me if you need help. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Do you help your
mother with the housework?' \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Yes, I usually
do.' \par\pard\ql \li2136\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2136\sb45\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \u9830? Expressions such as every day,
once/twice a \par\pard\qj \li2587\ri2007\sb2\sl-390\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 week/month, etc., most mornings/evenings, etc. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 go at the beginning or the end of a sentence. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Usually, often, sometimes, normally and occasionally
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 can go at the beginning or the end of a sentence
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 for more emphasis. \par\pard\ql \li2611\ri4374\sb0\sl-
390\slmult0\tx3230\tx3220
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. We go on holiday twice a year. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 Usually, I finish work at five. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 I feel bored sometimes. \par\pard\ql
\li2164\ri1993\sb309\sl-380\slmult0\tx2620\tx2616 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139
\u9830? The adverbs never, seldom and rarely have a \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 negative meaning and are never used with the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 word not. \par\pard\ql \li2620\sb48\sl-
322\slmult0\tx6283 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. I rarely go to bed late.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (NOT: / raroly don't go ...) \par\pard\ql
IS\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6862\colsr160\colno2\colw4738\colsr
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 c> p \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 esent form.\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 6\par\pard\ql
\li1128\sb6\sl-253\slmult0\tx1367\tx1646 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex70 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 Tortoises ...live... \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (live)
to be very old.\par\pard\column \qj \li7022\sb0\sl-326\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li20\ri1156\sb124\sl-326\slmult0\tx409 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a) Put the
verbs in brackets into the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 correct
tense.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6113\colsr160\colno2\colw5487\c
olsr160\qj \li1118\ri283\sb1\sl-355\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 I've heard of one which is over a hundred years
old. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62 A: \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 Are you still busy9\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb86\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1651\tx3844 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex86 Yes. I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 (read) this article for
an\par\pard\ql \li1665\sb102\sl-253\slmult0\tx4828 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91
hour and I still\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89 (not/finish).\par\pard\ql
\li1118\sb102\sl-253\slmult0\tx1377\tx1665\tx5198 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 More and
more people\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 (go) to\par\pard\ql \li1675\sb97\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 university these days.\par\pard\ql
\li1396\sb98\sl-253\slmult0\tx1660 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex95 Yes. I think it's a good thing.\par\pard\ql
4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 I\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 (have) a party tonight. Do you\par\pard\ql
\li1670\sb107\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 want to
come?\par\pard\qj \li1128\ri2068\sb14\sl-355\slmult0\fi273 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B: \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 Yes. What time does it start9
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 A: \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex97 Why are your shoes wet?\par\pard\qj \li1137\ri312\sb0\sl-
348\slmult0\fi273\tx4545 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 (wash) the car. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex62 A: \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 What's the
matter9\par\pard\qj \li1142\ri307\sb15\sl-350\slmult0\fi268\tx4334 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex69 B: \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 I\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex94 (break) my ankle. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex60 A: \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 What do I need to do
next?\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb86\sl-253\slmult0\tx1679\tx3983 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex85 You\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex100 (add) the sugar to the\par\pard\ql \li1694\sb98\sl-
253\slmult0\tx4799 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 mixture and you\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex85 (mix) it well.\par\pard\ql \li1147\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1411\tx1684\tx4646 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex60 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89 Who\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 (use) my car9\par\pard\ql \li1420\sb92\sl-253\slmult0\tx1790
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91
have.\par\pard\ql \li1147\sb98\sl-253\slmult0\tx1411\tx1684 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex94 Are you new here9\par\pard\ql \li1425\sb111\sl-
10\charscalex86 No. Actually, I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 (live) here for
almost\par\pard\ql \li1699\sb98\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 ten
years.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb97\sl-253\slmult0\tx1415\tx1703 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex82 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex70 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 Pete is playing his music very loud.\par\pard\qj
\li1060\ri292\sb23\sl-355\slmult0\fi374\tx4420 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 Again! He\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93
(always/do) that! \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 11 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62
A: \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 Have you made plans for Saturday
yet?\par\pard\qj \li1080\ri282\sb0\sl-345\slmult0\fi355\tx3412 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex69 B: \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 I\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex96 (go) to the cinema with Jack. \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex82 12 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex72 A: \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 Mr Collins is a very good
teacher.\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb91\sl-253\slmult0\tx1703\tx4406 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 Well, he\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex94 (teach) Maths for\par\pard\ql \li1713\sb102\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 twenty-five years, you know.\par\pard\ql \li1089\sb97\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1430\tx1708 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 13\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex62 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 Are you going to the
concert on Saturday night?\par\pard\ql \li1444\sb103\sl-
10\charscalex88 Yes. Actually. I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93
(already/buy)\par\pard\ql \li1713\sb102\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex94 the tickets.\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb97\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex60 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex90 Hello,
Simon.\par\pard\ql \li1454\sb107\sl-253\slmult0\tx1723\tx4214 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex90 Oh! We\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex96 (always/meet) each\par\pard\ql \li1728\sb98\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex96 other in this supermarket.\par\pard\ql \li763\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Dear Kathleen.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri821\sb213\sl-
369\slmult0\fi465\tx2794 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1) ...'m witing... \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex100 (write) to tell you my news. My \line \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex100 school 2) \tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 (choose) me to
spend \line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 six weeks at a school in the USA. I'm
very happy about it!\par\pard\ql \li246\sb101\sl-253\slmult0\tx3601 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex91 At the moment. 13)\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (pack)
things\par\pard\ql \li25\sb112\sl-253\slmult0\tx3707 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100
for my trip, because 14)\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 (leave) next\par\pard\ql
\li30\sb112\sl-253\slmult0\tx3284 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 week. My mother
5)\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 (book) the ticket.\par\pard\ql
\li265\sb116\sl-253\slmult0\tx2339 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex87 6)\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (wait) for this opportunity
for\par\pard\qj \li30\ri825\sb17\sl-369\slmult0\tx4110 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 ages, so I'm very excited. I \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex87
7)\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 (finish) \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 reading
two books about the USA and 18)\par\pard\ql \li1695\sb92\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (borrow) another one from the school\par\pard\qj
\li44\ri806\sb12\sl-379\slmult0\tx3011 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex83 library. \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 1 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex84 9)\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex100 (become) more and \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 more nervous every
day!\par\pard\qj \li39\ri808\sb7\sl-360\slmult0\fi225 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100
Well, I must go now. I've got a lot of things to do. I'll \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex90 write to you from the USA.\par\pard\qj \li6321\sb0\sl-
360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li2199\ri2790\sb24\sl-360\slmult0\fi14
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex82 Love. \line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89
Tracy\par\pard\qj \li6321\sb0\sl-331\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li6321\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 b) Which of the present forms in the text \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 above are used to express:\par\pard\ql \li68\sb243\sl-
253\slmult0\tx327 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100
actions which happened at an unstated time in the\par\pard\ql \li6326\sb0\sl-
past\par\pard\ql \li73\sb26\sl-253\slmult0\tx352 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
2\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 actions which started in the past and continue
up to\par\pard\ql \li351\sb155\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 the
present with emphasis on duration\par\pard\ql \li102\sb213\sl-253\slmult0\tx380
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 actions happening
at or around the moment of\par\pard\ql \li385\sb241\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex100 speaking\par\pard\ql \li121\sb131\sl-253\slmult0\tx400 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 changing and
developing situations\par\pard\qj \li140\ri1151\sb0\sl-504\slmult0\tx429 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 5 actions that we have arranged to do in the near
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 future
\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs48 Side Vi-
lh\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5887\colsr160\colno2\colw5713\colsr
160\qj \li1041\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1041\ri114\sb210\sl-
360\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 State
Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 an
action and therefore do not normally have continuous \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
tenses. These include:\par\pard\qj \li1104\ri112\sb78\sl-364\slmult0\tx1377 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 a) verbs which express likes and dislikes: like, love,
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore, etc.
e.g. \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 / love\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb88\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 chocolate ice cream.\par\pard\qj
\li1104\ri108\sb23\sl-355\slmult0\tx1382 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 b) verbs of
the senses: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
look, sound. We often use can or could with these\par\pard\qj \li1382\ri106\sb8\sl-
357\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 verbs when we refer to what we see,
hear, etc. at \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 the moment of speaking, e.g. Jim must
be at home. I \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 can see his car parked
outside.\par\pard\qj \li1118\ri118\sb0\sl-361\slmult0\tx1387 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 c) verbs of perception: know, believe, understand,
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 realise, remember, forget, notice,
recognise, think,\par\pard\qj \li1396\ri426\sb0\sl-357\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 seem, see ûnderstand), expect (=think), etc. \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 e.g. /expect they will be late.\par\pard\qj \li1118\ri104\sb0\sl-
360\slmult0\tx1401 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 d) some other verbs such as be,
contain, include, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 belong, fit, need,
matter, cost, mean, own, want,\par\pard\qj \li1396\ri93\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 owe, have (^possess), require, weigh, wish, keep \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex100 (=continue), etc. e.g. My uncle owns a
hotel.\par\pard\qj \li1075\ri84\sb96\sl-355\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 Some of the above verbs are used in continuous tenses \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 when they describe actions and not states. Study the
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 following examples:\par\pard\ql \li1219\sb177\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1468 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex93 I think he's lying. \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 (=
believe)\par\pard\ql \li1478\sb107\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100
I'm thinking about the plan. (= am considering)\par\pard\ql \li1204\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 2 The food tastes delicious. (= has a
delicious flavour)\par\pard\ql \li1483\sb107\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex96 He is tasting the food. (= is testing the flavour
of)\par\pard\ql \li1214\sb111\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 3 I can
see some people. (= perceive with my eyes)\par\pard\ql \li1583\sb107\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 see what you mean. (= understand)\par\pard\ql
\li1488\sb98\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 I'm seeing my doctor
tomorrow. (= am meeting)\par\pard\ql \li1209\sb112\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex100 4 It looks as if they've finished the job. \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex100 (= appears)\par\pard\ql \li1488\sb102\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex88 Mike is looking out of the window, (is directing his
eyes)\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97
This perfume smells nice. (= has a nice smell)\par\pard\ql \li380\sb102\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 He is smelling the milk. (= is
sniffing)\par\pard\ql \li107\sb107\sl-253\slmult0\tx381 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 The baby's hair feels like
silk. \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 (= has the texture of)\par\pard\qj
\li107\ri1204\sb2\sl-369\slmult0\fi273 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 She is feeling
the baby's forehead. (= is touching) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 Bob has a Porsche. (= possesses)\par\pard\qj \li380\ri1033\sb0\sl-
354\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 He's having a shower at the moment.
(= is taking a \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 shower)\par\pard\ql \li112\sb95\sl-
The chicken weighs 2 kilos. (= has a weight of)\par\pard\ql \li380\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 The butcher is weighing the meat.
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 (= is measuring\par\pard\ql \li390\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 how heavy it is)\par\pard\ql
\li117\sb107\sl-253\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex94 This dress fits you perfectly. (= it is the right
size)\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1828\sb14\sl-360\slmult0\fi350 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex96 We are fitting new locks. (= are putting in) \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex84 10 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 He appears to be nervous. (=
seems)\par\pard\ql \li40\ri1046\sb0\sl-355\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex97 He is appearing in a new play. (= is taking part) \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex77 11 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 He is a rude person. (= character
- permanent state)\par\pard\qj \li395\ri1028\sb0\sl-364\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 He is being rude. (= behaviour - temporary situation, \line \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex90 usually with adjectives such as careful, silly,
(im)polite. \line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex88 lazy, etc.)\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Note: a) The verb enjoy can be used in continuous
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tenses to express specific
preference.\par\pard\qj \li846\ri1498\sb0\sl-358\slmult0\tx1207 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 e.g. I'm enjoying this party a lot. (specific \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex95 preference)\par\pard\ql \li232\sb133\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89 BUT: I enjoy going to parties. (I enjoy parties in
general.)\par\pard\qj \li6609\sb0\sl-364\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li582\ri997\sb50\sl-
364\slmult0\tx870 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 b) The verbs look (when we refer to
a person's \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appearance), feel (= experience
a particular\par\pard\qj \li856\ri991\sb2\sl-357\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 emotion), hurt and ache can be used in either \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 the continuous or simple tenses with no \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex100
difference in meaning.\par\pard\ql \li860\sb89\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 e.g. You looklare looking great today.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 7 a Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple
or the present continuous. \par\pard\li1104\sb0\sl-
253\slmult0\fi19\tx1368\tx1646\tx6192\tx6455\tx6844\tx8731 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 Why ...are you smelling... (you/smell) the soap?\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 8\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A:\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 really\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (enjoy) home-made
food.\par\pard\li1104\sb102\sl-253\slmult0\fi273\tx1656\tx3417\tx6465\tx6744\tx9475
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 B\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 It\tab \dn2
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (smell) lovely. It's like roses!\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B:\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 So do I, and I\tab \dn2
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (enjoy) every bit\par\pard\li1104\sb112\sl-
253\slmult0\fi0\tx1372\tx1641\tx3969\tx6744 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 2\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Why\tab \dn2
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (you/taste) the soup9\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 of
this meal.\par\pard\li1104\sb107\sl-
10\charscalex92 B\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 To see if it\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 (taste) good. I think\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 9\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex70 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Why\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (you/feel) the radiator9\par\pard\li1104\sb97\sl-
253\slmult0\fi552\tx6470\tx6753\tx8827 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 it needs more
salt.\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 It\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (feel) cold in here. Is the\par\pard\li1104\sb112\sl-
253\slmult0\fi4\tx1372\tx1656\tx4435\tx6748 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 3\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 I\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 (feel) very tired.\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92
heating on?\par\pard\li1104\sb93\sl-
253\slmult0\fi278\tx1651\tx6115\tx6465\tx6744\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92
B\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 You should go to bed early.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 That famous opera singer\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92
(appear)\par\pard\li1104\sb106\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx1377\tx3743\tx6748 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 (see) Andy this evening.\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 at the
opera house tonight.\par\pard\li1104\sb103\sl-
253\slmult0\fi278\tx1660\tx3460\tx6475\tx6744\tx9043 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92
B\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (see). So.
you don't want to\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 Yes. He\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (appear) to be
feeling\par\pard\li1104\sb111\sl-253\slmult0\fi556\tx6753 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 come to the cinema with me, do you9\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 better after his operation.\par\pard\li1104\sb98\sl-
10\charscalex92 How much\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 11\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex70 A:\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Chris\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 (be) a sensible person, isn't\par\pard\li1104\sb112\sl-
253\slmult0\fi2433\tx6753 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (the bag of
apples/weigh)9\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 he?\par\pard\li1104\sb97\sl-
253\slmult0\fi283\tx1761\tx6480\tx6748\tx10444 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 B:\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 don't know yet. The man\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex72 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Yes, but in this case
he\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (be)\par\pard\li1104\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0\fi575\tx6767 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (weigh) the bag now.\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 rather foolish.\par\pard\li1104\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0\fi19\tx1387\tx1675\tx2663\tx6129\tx6480\tx6767\tx9062 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (think) about buying a new car
soon.\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex62
A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 My dad\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (fit)
the old blind from\par\pard\li1104\sb102\sl-
253\slmult0\fi292\tx1665\tx3907\tx6763 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 Why? I\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (think) your car
is fine.\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 the living room in my bedroom
today.\par\pard\li1104\sb103\sl-253\slmult0\fi561\tx6494\tx6772\tx9278 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 You don't need a new one.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 B\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Really?\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 (it/fit) that window9\par\pard\li1104\sb107\sl-
253\slmult0\fi24\tx1391\tx1670\tx4598\tx6129\tx6480\tx6772\tx10295 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 What\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (you/look) at9\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex92 13\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 My back\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92
(hurt).\par\pard\li1104\sb102\sl-253\slmult0\fi297\tx1670\tx3398\tx6494\tx6763 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex69 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 The sky. It\tab
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 (look) as if it's going to rain.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 B\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 Why don't you lie down for a
while9\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
60\ql \li1046\sb273\sl-368\slmult0\tx2001 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex83
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 L-o.si\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
["oiius\par\pard\ql \li921\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li921\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the
past simple:\par\pard\column \ql \li11481\sb0\sl-46\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 y\par\pard\ql \li984\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 l;Uisi Co Ultimo Lie'\par\pard\ql \li850\sb193\sl-
past
continuous:\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5887\colsr160\colno2\colw5
713\colsr160\qj \li984\ri121\sb181\sl-249\slmult0\tx1267\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 a) for an action which happened at a definite time in \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 the past. The time is stated, already known or
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 implied.\par\pard\column \ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 for an action which was
in progress at a stated time\par\pard\ql \li308\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 in the past. We do not mention when the
action\par\pard\qj \li294\ri3736\sb0\sl-307\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 started or finished. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 At seven
o'clock \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li6331\sb47\sl-828\slmult0\fi0\tx9244 \up2
\expndtw0\charscalex107 yesterday evening they\tab \dn5 \expndtw0\charscalex143
\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs76 U\ul0\nosupersub\cf49\f50\fs68 L\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 were having dinner.
\par\pard\li6340\sb0\sl-180\slmult0\fi9\tx8486 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (We do
not know when\tab \up3 \expndtw-9\charscalex71 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
*\u8226?\par\pard\li6340\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 they stated or finished\par\pard\li6340\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 their
dinner.)\par\pard\li6340\sb196\sl-230\slmult0\fi3129 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 %\par\pard\li1003\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 r\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 for an action
which was in progress when another\par\pard\li1003\sb16\sl-207\slmult0\fi5347
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 action interrupted it. We use the past continuous
for\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5921\colsr160\colno2\colw2936\cols
r160\colno3\colw2593\colsr160\qj \li1233\ri464\sb0\sl-224\slmult0\tx1377 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 They went camping by the lake last month. (When did
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 they go camping? Last month. The time is
stated.)\par\pard\qj \li1003\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1003\ri131\sb16\sl-
249\slmult0\tx1296 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 b) for actions which happened
immediately one after \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 the other in the
past.\par\pard\ql \li1300\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1300\sb75\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 #\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 First she paid the driver, then she got out of the
taxi.\par\pard\qj \li1022\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1022\ri119\sb28\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1305 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 c) for past habits or states which
are now finished. In \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 such cases we can also
use the expression used to.\par\pard\ql \li5371\sb185\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 V\par\pard\column \ql \li289\ri113\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\tx2604 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 the action in progress \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
(longer action) and the \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\u8226?\par\pard\ql \li299\sb12\sl-
253\slmult0\tx2622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex154 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 past
simple for the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28
U\par\pard\qj \li299\ri511\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 action which interrupted \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex90
it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 (shorter action).\par\pard\qj \li294\ri536\sb84\sl-
252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He was walking down the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 street when he ran into an \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
old friend.\par\pard\qj \li6081\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li6081\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex115 c) for two or more simulta� \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 neous past actions.\par\pard\qj \li303\ri748\sb145\sl-
249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 She was talking on her \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 mobile phone while she \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
was driving to work.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb83\sl-966\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf63\f64\fs84 i\par\pard\ql \li10540\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex84 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8226?
v\par\pard\ql \li9259\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li112\sb37\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 f
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 d) to describe the
atmosphere, setting, etc. in
the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5225\colsr160\colno2\colw6375\cols
r160\ql \li2371\sb138\sl-529\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 i\par\pard\column \qj \li1019\ri3086\sb2\sl-
254\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 introduction
to a story \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 before we describe
the\par\pard\ql \li20\sb6\sl-278\slmult0\tx1024 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 f\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 main events.\par\pard\ql \li1014\sb88\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 One beautiful autumn\par\pard\qj
\li1009\ri3096\sb1\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 afternoon. Ben was
strolling \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 down a quiet country lane. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 The birds were singing and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 the leaves were rustling
in\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5887\colsr160\colno2\colw5713\colsr
160\ql \li1031\sb55\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Kitchens were/used
to be very different a hundred years ago.\par\pard\qj \li984\ri61\sb173\sl-
248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 The past simple is used with the following
time \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 expressions: yesterday, then, when, How
long ago ...?, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 last nightlweeklmonthlyearlTuesday,
etc., three days! \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 weeks, etc. ago, in 1997,
etc.\par\pard\ql \li734\sb218\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex149
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 58 | Page\par\pard\column \ql \li357\sb36\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 the
breeze.\par\pard\qj \li6047\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri884\sb153\sl-
249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 The past continuous is used with the
following time \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 expressions: while, when, as, all
morning evening day \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 night, etc.
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 M I
n\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5744\colsr160\colno2\colw5856\colsr1
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 l-ut?l l;oiiooi\par\pard\ql \li873\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the past perfect:\par\pard\qj
\li935\ri70\sb190\sl-244\slmult0\tx1214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 a) for an
action which happened before another past \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
action or before a stated time in the past.\par\pard\ql \li2227\sb185\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3830\tx4454 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 k\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 h. A\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 k\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb0\sl-
391\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 J\par\pard\ql
* *�\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1372\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 '\par\pard\qj \li1440\ri287\sb134\sl-
249\slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 She had finished work when she met
her friends \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 for coffee. (She finished work first
and then she met\par\pard\ql \li2956\sb30\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 her friends.)\par\pard\qj \li955\ri43\sb177\sl-
249\slmult0\tx1243 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 b) for an action which finished in
the past and whose \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 result was visible in the
past.\par\pard\column \ql \li1100\sb2\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 l-usl l-oiiooi
Continuous\par\pard\ql \li5904\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb6\sl-
past perfect continuous:\par\pard\qj \li82\ri1012\sb190\sl-244\slmult0\tx375
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 a) to put emphasis on the duration of an action
which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 started and finished in the past
before another past\par\pard\qj \li365\ri1014\sb10\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 action or a stated time in the past, usually with \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 since or for.\par\pard\ql \li8294\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf45\f46\fs58 Tt\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf66\f67\fs72 J\par\pard\qj \li581\ri1308\sb188\sl-
249\slmult0\tx1287 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 They
had been looking for a house for six months \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
before they found one they liked.\par\pard\ql \li5985\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
b) for an action which lasted for some time in the
past\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5043\colsr160\colno2\colw6557\col
sr160\ql \li3897\sb0\sl-496\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 m\par\pard\li1459\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
\par\pard\li1459\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex118\ul0\nosupersub\cf65\f66\fs198 m{\par}}}}
\par\pard\column \ql \li1095\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 and whose result was visible in the past.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\par\pard\ql \li5270\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\par\pard\ql \li5289\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li106\sb112\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 >
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li1329\sb0\sl-250\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1329\ri6153\sb4\sl-250\slmult0\fi76\tx2832 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 He was happy. He had signed an impotant contract. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 (The action finished in the past and its result was visible
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 in the past, too.) \par\pard\ql
\li950\sb186\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Note: The past perfect is
the past equivalent of
the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5806\colsr160\colno2\colw5794\cols
r160\ql \li1526\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 present
perfect.\par\pard\qj \li940\ri61\sb135\sl-240\slmult0\tx1603 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 e.g. a) He had fixed the old armchair. It looked brand
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 new. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (The
action \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 -had fixed happened in the\par\pard\qj
\li1598\ri71\sb3\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 past. The result
looked brand new was also \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 visible in the
past.)\par\pard\qj \li1334\ri82\sb107\sl-254\slmult0\tx1622 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 b) He has fixed the old armchair. It looks brand new.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (The action \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 -
has fixed - happened in the past.\par\pard\qj \li1612\ri57\sb0\sl-
244\slmult0\fi19 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 The result \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 - looks brand new - is still visible in the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 present.)\par\pard\qj \li960\ri56\sb119\sl-247\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 The past perfect is used with the following time \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 expressions: before, after, already, just, for, since, till
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 until, when, by, by the time, never,
etc.\par\pard\qj \li974\ri119\sb112\sl-249\slmult0\tx1593 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Note: We can use the past perfect or the past simple
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 with before or after without any difference
in\par\pard\ql \li1603\sb35\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
meaning.\par\pard\qj \li1593\ri36\sb11\sl-240\slmult0\tx2025 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. They went out after it had stopped I stopped
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 raining.\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex149 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 59 | Page\par\pard\column
\qj \li193\ri964\sb0\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Last Friday Ron had to fly to New York. His flight
was delayed. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 He was annoyed. He had been waiting at
the airport for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 three hours. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 (He waited at the airpot for three hours and\par\pard\ql
\li428\sb31\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 the result of the action
was visible in the past, too.)\par\pard\qj \li25\ri954\sb186\sl-
249\slmult0\tx630 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Note: The past perfect continuous
is the past equivalent \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 of the present
perfect continuous.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri945\sb121\sl-244\slmult0\tx712 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 e.g. a) I had been driving for ten hours, so I felt
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 exhausted. (The action - had been driving -
lasted\par\pard\qj \li706\ri951\sb5\sl-244\slmult0\tx4570 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 lor some time in the past. The result\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 felt \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 exhausted- was also visible
in the past.)\par\pard\qj \li428\ri946\sb121\sl-244\slmult0\tx721\tx3031 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 b) I have been driving for ten hours, so I feel \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 exhausted. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 (The
action \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 have been driving -\par\pard\qj
\li711\ri948\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 stated in the past.
The result \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 -feel exhausted- is \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 still visible in the present.)\par\pard\qj
\li39\ri942\sb126\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 The past perfect
continuous is used with the following \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 time
expressions: for, since, how long, before, until, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 etc.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Put the verbs in brackets into the past \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 simple or the past continuous.\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-
8\charscalex85 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 The sun 1) ...was shining...
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (shine) and the birds\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2702\tx5227 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 (sing) as Mike 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
(drive)\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx5150 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
down the country lane. He 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 (smile).\par\pard\ql
\li1372\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx3479 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 because he
5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (look forward) to the journey\par\pard\ql
\li1372\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3753 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ahead. Mike
6)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (enjoy) driving, especially\par\pard\ql
\li1372\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3518 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 when he 7)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (go) somewhere new. Then.\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4511 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 suddenly, the engine 8)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (begin) to make\par\pard\qj \li1372\ri154\sb1\sl-
263\slmult0\tx5275 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 a strange noise and the car
9)\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (stop) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 dead
in the middle of the road. Mike \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 10)\par\pard\ql
\li1391\sb34\sl-207\slmult0\tx4977 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (try) to start it,
but nothing 11)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (happen).\par\pard\ql
\li1387\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 He 12)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 (sigh), then \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 13)\par\pard\qj
\li1387\ri129\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\fi9\tx4948 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (get out)
of the car. As he 14)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (push) the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 car to the side of the road. Mike 15)\par\pard\ql
\li1396\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (start) to wish he had
stayed at home.\par\pard\ql \li1104\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1104\sb90\sl-207\slmult0\tx1660\tx3249 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 B\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 John 1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (enter) his
flat and 2)\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx4348 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (close) the door. He 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
(hang up) his coat\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx3522 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 when he 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (hear) a
strange noise. A tap\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx2668 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (run) in the kitchen. He
6)\par\pard\ql \li1406\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx4867 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
(walk) into the kitchen and \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 7)\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 (turn) it off.\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx3263
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Then, he 8)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (freeze).
Someone 9)\par\pard\ql \li1411\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx4732 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 (stand) behind him. He 10)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
(take) a deep\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx3642 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 breath and 11)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (turn)
around. His flatmate.\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3695 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Steve. 12)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (lean) in the
doorway. 'You\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1430\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2985 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 13)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 (give) me a fright!' John exclaimed\par\pard\ql
\li1416\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3057 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Steve 14)\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (laugh) at him. John 15)\par\pard\ql \li2040\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 (start) to laugh, too. I \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex100 16)\par\pard\qj \li1425\ri140\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\tx3336 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 (think) you had gone to London today.' he said. No.'
\line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 17) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (reply)
Steve. Unfortunately. I\par\pard\ql \li1435\sb39\sl-207\slmult0\tx3167 \up0
\expndtw-7\charscalex100 18)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (miss) the
train.'\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Choose the correct
answer.\par\pard\qj \li6067\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li317\ri1028\sb192\sl-
254\slmult0\fi38 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Were you expecting James and Paul to
stay for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 dinner?'\par\pard\qj
\li317\ri1539\sb6\sl-259\slmult0\fi48\tx2598 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 No, but I
...A... a lot of food, so it didn't matter.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 A
had prepared \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 B was preparing \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 C had been preparing\par\pard\ql \li327\ri1072\sb118\sl-
263\slmult0\tx375\tx1729 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Tony has been singing for
years, hasn't he?' \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Yes. He \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 his first record when he was sixteen.\par\pard\ql
\li317\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1719\tx3433 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A
made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B was making\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 C had made\par\pard\ql \li375\sb172\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 There was a power cut last night.'\par\pard\qj
\li332\ri1005\sb5\sl-264\slmult0\fi187\tx1911 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 know.
I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 some paperwork when the lights \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 went out.'\par\pard\qj \li327\ri1959\sb0\sl-
259\slmult0\tx2622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 A had
been doing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B was doing \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 C had done\par\pard\ql \li337\ri2080\sb121\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Did you see Paul Simon in concert?' \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 No. I was hoping to get tickets, but they \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 A had sold out \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 B sold
out \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 C were selling out\par\pard\ql
\li385\ri1883\sb129\sl-254\slmult0\tx2233 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 The
restaurant was packed last night.' \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Yes.
Luckily, I \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a table in advance.'\par\pard\qj
\li341\ri1806\sb11\sl-254\slmult0\tx2631 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A was
booking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B had booked \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 C had been booking\par\pard\ql \li399\ri2013\sb123\sl-
263\slmult0\tx1576 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Did you watch the film
yesterday?' \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 No. It \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 by the time we got home.'\par\pard\qj \li346\ri1734\sb5\sl-
259\slmult0\tx2636 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A finished\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 B was finishing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 C had
finished\par\pard\ql \li404\sb168\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Did
you stay up late last night?'\par\pard\ql \li404\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx1527 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 No. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 all day. so I went
to bed early.'\par\pard\qj \li356\ri2214\sb10\sl-254\slmult0\tx2641 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 A had been working\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 B
worked \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 C was working\par\pard\ql \li408\sb174\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Did you enjoy your
holiday?'\par\pard\qj \li360\ri1356\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\fi43\tx1820 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Yes. We\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 most of our time
on the beach.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 A had spent B were spending
C spent\par\pard\ql \li413\sb168\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Kim
looked tired this morning.'\par\pard\ql \li370\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx2108 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 1 know. She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 all night
long.'\par\pard\qj \li365\ri1801\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\tx2655 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 A studied\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 B had studied
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 C had been studying\par\pard\ql \li20\sb164\sl-
So what happened?'\par\pard\qj \li375\ri966\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\fi38\tx1508 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 We\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 through the woods when
we heard \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
gunshot.'\par\pard\ql \li370\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx2986 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 A had walked B walked\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 C were walking
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 Ub'C-d io/lic usod to/ \par\pard\ql \li955\sb62\sl-
414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Goi used io/Would-\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 4 We use used to + infinitive to refer to past
habits\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5734\colsr160\colno2\colw5866\c
olsr160\qj \li1267\ri138\sb16\sl-259\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 or
states. In such cases, used to can be replaced \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
by the past simple with no difference in meaning.\par\pard\qj \li1324\ri125\sb0\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1660 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 e.g. They used to travel/travelled
a lot when they \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 were younger. (They don't
any more).\par\pard\qj \li1012\ri129\sb146\sl-263\slmult0\tx1276 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 \u9830? We use the past simple, and not used to. in the
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 following cases:\par\pard\ql
\li1003\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1324 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 to refer to an action which happened at a
definite\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 time
in the past.\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
e.g. I drove to work yesterday. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (NOT: I uocd to
drive\par\pard\ql \li1670\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 to work
ycotcrdoy.)\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1329 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 to say how many times an action
happened at a\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
definite time in the past.\par\pard\ql \li1339\ri113\sb15\sl-259\slmult0\tx1684
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. / went to the cinema four times last month.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (NOT: I used to go to the cinema four times
lest\par\pard\qj \li1027\sb0\sl-76\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1680\ri3420\sb9\sl-
mmA^MmUm\ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs8 \\ \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 r
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 1 i\\Jt MM. /\par\pard\qj \li1027\ri107\sb193\sl-
\u9830? We use would/used to for repeated actions or \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 routines in the past.\par\pard\qj \li1296\ri922\sb0\sl-
315\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g. We would/used to eat out on
Sundays. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 We do not use would with state
verbs,\par\pard\ql \li1353\ri349\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\tx2088 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. a) They used to live in London. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (NOT: They would live in Londoii. \u8226?
state)\par\pard\ql \li1800\ri1202\sb1\sl-264\slmult0\tx2092 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 b) I used to have a pet dog. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 (NOT: I would hove o pet dog.)\par\pard\ql
\li1036\sb182\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \u9830? Be used
to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 + noun pronoun -ing form \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 = be\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb67\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 accustomed to, be in the habit of\par\pard\ql
\li1363\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. a) They are used to
the cold \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (present)\par\pard\ql \li1699\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 b) I don't mind walking. I'm used to
it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (present)\par\pard\qj \li1703\ri404\sb15\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1991 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 c) She wasn't used to living in the
country, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (past)\par\pard\qj
\li1051\ri90\sb137\sl-268\slmult0\tx1320 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \u9830? Get
used to +
noun pronoun -ing form = become \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 accustomed
to\par\pard\qj \li1372\ri85\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\tx1708 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
e.g. a) I am getting used to the weather, (present) \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 b) He didn't like using the computer at first,
but\par\pard\ql \li1991\sb44\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 he got
used to it. (past)\par\pard\qj \li1713\ri85\sb2\sl-268\slmult0\tx1991 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 c) She will soon get used to wearing contact \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 lenses, (future)\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 61|Page\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 14� Choose the correct answer.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex111 'Sharon looks different now. doesn't she?'\par\pard\qj
\li366\ri1341\sb14\sl-254\slmult0\fi43\tx1941\tx3405 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
Yes. She ...&... to have long dark hair, didn't she?' \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 A is used \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B used \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C would\par\pard\ql \li5894\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li63\sb82\sl-207\slmult0\tx399 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I have never driven an automatic car
before.'\par\pard\ql \li385\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2247 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
You will soon\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 to it.'\par\pard\ql \li341\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1945\tx3418 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A get used\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 B be used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 C
used\par\pard\ql \li73\sb134\sl-207\slmult0\tx404 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 How is Sarah?'\par\pard\ql \li394\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2391 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 She's fine. She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 to life in the countryside.'\par\pard\ql \li346\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1950\tx3193 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 A got used\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 B used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 C is getting
used\par\pard\ql \li73\sb139\sl-207\slmult0\tx409 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Have you always worked as a
nurse?'\par\pard\ql \li404\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx1551 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
No. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a childminder.'\par\pard\qj
\li351\ri1988\sb10\sl-254\slmult0\tx2694 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A was used
to being\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B used to be \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 C am used to being\par\pard\ql \li78\sb131\sl-
'Do you remember when we were little?'\par\pard\ql \li404\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1916 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Yes. Dad\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 always read us a bedtime story.\par\pard\ql \li356\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3202 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 A was used to B would\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 C got used to\par\pard\ql \li82\sb134\sl-
Aren't you tired?'\par\pard\ql \li413\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1561 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 No. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 to walking long
distances.'\par\pard\ql \li361\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1964 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 A am used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B got used
C used\par\pard\ql \li92\sb163\sl-207\slmult0\tx414 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Jane had trouble with her job at
first.'\par\pard\ql \li409\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1902 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
Yes. She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to working on her own.'\par\pard\ql
\li366\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1964 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A used\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 B got used C wasn't used\par\pard\ql \li92\sb168\sl-
'Did you find your degree course difficult?'\par\pard\ql \li413\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2410 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Yes. but I soon\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 to it.'\par\pard\ql \li370\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1969
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 B got used
C was used\par\pard\ql \li97\sb139\sl-207\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Do you remember Uncle
Danny?'\par\pard\ql \li418\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1825 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
Yes. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 always bring us presents.'\par\pard\ql
\li375\sb53\sl-207\slmult0\tx1974 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A would\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 B was used C used\par\pard\ql \li20\sb133\sl-
Have you ever lived in a flat before?'\par\pard\ql \li433\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 No. but I will\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 to it.'\par\pard\ql \li380\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1983
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A be used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 B get
used C used\par\pard\ql \li25\sb139\sl-207\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Why are you so
tired?'\par\pard\ql \li438\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx2007 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
Because I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to getting up early in the
morning.\par\pard\ql \li385\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1988\tx3231 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 A am used\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 B used\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 C am not used\par\pard\ql \li30\sb138\sl-
Do you know that man?'\par\pard\ql \li390\ri1738\sb19\sl-
249\slmult0\fi43\tx1839\tx1989\tx3232 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Yes. He\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 to work for me.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 A was
used \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B used \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 C
is used \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg63}{\bkmkend
IS\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5927\colsr20\colno2\colw5813\colsr1
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 l:tib*i Studio\par\pard\qj \li945\ri29\sb169\sl-
249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 The past
simple is used for actions which happened in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 the past
and are not related to the present.\par\pard\ql \li950\sb160\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 We use the past simple:\par\pard\ql \li1070\sb129\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1286 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 for an action which happened at a definite time
in\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx3753 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 the
past. The time is\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
-\par\pard\ql \li1296\sb53\sl-196\slmult0\tx5126 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 stated, already known\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 1980\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 or implied.\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb196\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Simon Cook painted his\par\pard\ql
\li1296\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx3652 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 first picture
in \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 1980.\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ;\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (When? In 1980. The time \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\ql \li1296\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 is
stated.)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12
M\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1084\sb172\sl-
\u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 for an action which began and finished in
the past.\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 pW+B+2al\par\pard\ql
\li1886\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1699\ri757\sb69\sl-249\slmult0\fi187
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Mr Clark taught Maths
for thirty years. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (He is no longer a teacher. He
has retired.)\par\pard\ql \li1008\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1099\sb30\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex115 for an action which happened in the past and
cannot\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 be
repeated.\par\pard\qj \li1382\ri0\sb62\sl-254\slmult0\tx1943 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 e.g. a) Mike won more than twenty medals when he was
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 an athlete. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
(He is no longer an athlete. He cannot\par\pard\ql \li1953\sb30\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 win another medal.)\par\pard\ql \li1718\sb43\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b) I once spoke to Frank Sinatra. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 (He is no longer\par\pard\ql \li1943\sb42\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 alive. I won't speak to him again.)\par\pard\ql
\li1108\sb197\sl-207\slmult0\tx1324 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 for an action which happened within a specific
time\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 period
which is over at the moment of speaking.\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb105\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1723 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 e.g.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 / wrote three letters this morning. (The time period
is\par\pard\ql \li1728\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 over. It is
evening or night now.)\par\pard\qj \li1008\sb0\sl-254\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1008\ri0\sb19\sl-254\slmult0\tx1526 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Note: We use
the past simple to talk about actions which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
if the time is not stated, e.g. Charles Dickens wrote\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 :iob*oin Pouooi\par\pard\qj \li53\ri985\sb174\sl-
249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 The present
perfect is used for actions which happened \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 in the past
and are related to the present.\par\pard\ql \li63\sb155\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 We use the present perfect:\par\pard\qj
\li178\ri975\sb91\sl-254\slmult0\tx418 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \u8226? for an
action which happened at an unstated time in the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 past. The exact time is either unknown or
unimportant,\par\pard\qj \li404\ri3489\sb0\sl-275\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 and therefore it is not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
mentioned or implied. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Simon Cook has painted
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 a lot of pictures. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
(When?\par\pard\ql \li418\sb0\sl-392\slmult0\tx4359 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 We
do not know.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs80
n\par\pard\qj \li413\ri3490\sb0\sl-175\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 The exact time is not \line \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 mentioned or implied.)\par\pard\qj \li193\ri956\sb145\sl-
249\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \u8226? for an action which started
in the past and continues \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 up to the
present.\par\pard\ql \li2516\sb21\sl-364\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139
\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 C3\par\pard\ql \li3917\sb6\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A bientot\par\pard\ql
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 '\par\pard\ql \li1652\sb120\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Bonjo
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 ur\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A bientot!\par\pard\ql
\li130\ri951\sb134\sl-249\slmult0\fi513 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Mrs Nelson has
taught French for twenty years. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (She stated
teaching French twenty years ago and she is still\par\pard\ql \li1575\sb36\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 teaching French today.)\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \u8226? for an action which happened in the past and
may \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 be repeated.\par\pard\ql
\li490\ri1052\sb0\sl-247\slmult0\tx1067 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. a) Ben is
an athlete. He has won more than ten \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 medals.
(He is still an athlete. He may win some\par\pard\ql \li1057\sb36\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 more medals.)\par\pard\qj \li836\ri933\sb15\sl-
240\slmult0\tx1071 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 b) I've spoken to Celine Dion. (She
is still alive. I may \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 speak to her
again.)\par\pard\qj \li217\ri926\sb61\sl-254\slmult0\tx462 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \u8226? for an action which happened within a specific time
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 period which is not over at the moment of
speaking.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri921\sb2\sl-287\slmult0\fi427 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g. I've written two letters this morning. (The time
period \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 were performed by people who are no longer
alive, even \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Oliver Twist.'
\par\pard\ql\li1027\sb142\sl-345\slmult0\tx1771 \dn2 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 16 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the
present perfect. \par\pard\li1296\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li1296\sb152\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0\tx1579\tx1689\tx2932\tx6124\tx6830\tx9609 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 1) ...'ve seen...\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (see)
this film before.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 C A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (just/hear
from)\par\pard\li1296\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\fi9\tx1583\tx6715 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 B\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Me too. but I love this
actor. He 2)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 an old friend of
mine.\par\pard\li1296\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\fi292\tx6441\tx6720 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (play) a lot of good roles.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex90 B:\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Oh.
really?\par\pard\li1296\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\fi4\tx1579\tx3907\tx6432\tx6715\tx9681 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Tom Cruise? I 3)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (meet) him. you know.\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex87
A:\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes. Jim 2)\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105
(write) to me. I\par\pard\li1296\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\fi14\tx1588\tx6724\tx8611 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 B\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Really9 When?\tab
\dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 3)\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (get) the letter
this morning.\par\pard\li1296\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\fi9\tx1579\tx3201\tx6446\tx6720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 When I 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (be) in Los
Angeles on holiday.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 g:\tab \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex105 That's nice. When 4)\par\pard\li1296\sb121\sl-
218\slmult0\fi4\tx6739 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 A: Who is that man?\tab \up2
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (you/first/meet) him?\par\pard\li1296\sb13\sl-
230\slmult0\fi14\tx4603\tx6734\tx9652 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B: He's an
artist. He 1)\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (paint) a lot of\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (live) next
door\par\pard\li1296\sb40\sl-218\slmult0\fi297\tx6724 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex105
beautiful pictures.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 to me for three years, but he
6)\par\pard\li1296\sb73\sl-207\slmult0\fi9\tx3710\tx8587 \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex105 A: I think Van Gogh 2)\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex105
(paint) the most beautiful\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (move) away last June
and I\par\pard\li1296\sb3\sl-218\slmult0\fi297\tx4516\tx6729\tx9268 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex105 pictures ever. But his life 3)\tab \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (be) miserable.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 7)\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (not/see) him since.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 62 | Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 [:ob-i Simple\par\pard\ql \li964\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? The past simple is used for
actions\par\pard\column \ql \li11481\sb0\sl-46\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li2876\sb37\sl-249\slmult0\tx3755 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 -osi\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex186
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 -o\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 rU\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? The past continuous is used for\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 \u9830? The past perfect is used for an
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1243\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx4588\tx7963 \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex127 which happened immediately one\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a past action which was in\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
action which happened
before\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7803\colsr160\colno2\colw3797\c
olsr160\ql
\li1243\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx4593 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 after the other in
the past.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 progress when another action\par\pard\ql
\li4598\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 interrupted
it.\par\pard\ql \li3028\sb63\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 l \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 l\par\pard\ql
10\charscalex90 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 he \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex77
Ho\par\pard\ql \li1257\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1257\sb0\sl-
^\par\pard\ql \li1257\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1929\sb152\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \\\par\pard\ql \li1267\sb62\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4612 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 When Jim came home, they\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 When Jim came home. Mary was\par\pard\ql
\li1262\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx4602 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 watched a film on
TV. (Jim came\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 watching a film on TV. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 (She was\par\pard\qj \li1257\ri331\sb8\sl-
244\slmult0\tx4598\tx4598 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 home and then they watched a
film\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 still watching the film when Jim \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 together.) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 came
home.)\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri932\sb0\sl-249\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 another past action or a specific \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 time in the past.\par\pard\ql \li8087\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li144\sb13\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex79 THE \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex78 END\par\pard\qj \li1031\sb0\sl-243\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 When Jim came home. Mary had \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 already watched the film on TV. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 (She watched the film first. Jim \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 came home afterwards.) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1031\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li1031\sb17\sl-207\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \u9830? We can use the past simple, past continuous or past
perfect without any difference in meaning with verbs
such\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1031\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\fi278 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 as think, hope, mean, expect, etc. for things we hoped or
wished to do, but didn't.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1031\sb85\sl-
207\slmult0\fi273\tx1684 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 / expected/was expecting/had expected him to call me. but
he didn't.\par\pard\li1732\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li1732\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0\tx6196\tx6940 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 Put the verbs in
brackets into the correct\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 j q\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 Put the verbs in brackets into the
correct\par\pard\li1732\sb14\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx6196 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135
tense.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 10>
tense.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6003\colsr160\colno2\colw5597\c
olsr160\ql \li1267\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1267\sb114\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1535 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
What ...were you doing... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (you/do) at ten
o'clock\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 this
morning?\par\pard\ql \li1276\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx3882 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (read) some
important\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
documents in my office.\par\pard\ql \li1271\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1540 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Why are you so
disappointed?\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1555\tx4171 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Because I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (hope) that I would\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 pass the test, but I didn t.\par\pard\ql
\li1276\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1555 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Have you found your bag yet?\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1559\tx4415 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex91 B\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 No. but I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (report) it
stolen\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to the
police yesterday.\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Did you enjoy the play last night?\par\pard\qj
\li1560\ri253\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi9\tx5236 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 No. even
though I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (read) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 good
reviews of it before I bought the tickets.\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb29\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Have you written your report
yet?\par\pard\qj \li1564\ri240\sb13\sl-244\slmult0\fi2500 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 (just/start) when you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 came in.
actually.\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb36\sl-207\slmult0\tx1564 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Sorry I'm late.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Where have you been? I\par\pard\ql \li1583\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (expect) you an hour ago.\par\pard\ql
7\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex88 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 We\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (go) to an antique market\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 yesterday.\par\pard\qj
\li1036\ri231\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\fi268\tx4103 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex91 B\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (you/buy) anything? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 A \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Were you surprised that
the factory closed down?\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx1578\tx5183 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex86 B\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Not really. In fact,
I\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (know)\par\pard\ql \li1583\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 it was going to happen.\par\pard\ql
\li1300\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1574 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Julia did well in the test, didn't she?\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Yes. She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (study) very
hard for it.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb197\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex146 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 63 | \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex163 Page\par\pard\column \ql \li6163\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li20\sb95\sl-207\slmult0\tx322\tx1830 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex93
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 When Simon
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex90 1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 ...arrived...
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 (arrive) at the cinema,\par\pard\ql \li322\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3442 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 dozens of people 2)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 (queue) outside.\par\pard\ql \li322\sb53\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2564 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 They 3)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 (wait) to see the same film\par\pard\ql \li327\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4350 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 as Simon. Simon, however. 4)\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (buy)\par\pard\qj \li327\ri821\sb19\sl-
254\slmult0\tx4287 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 a ticket in advance, so he
5)\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (walk) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 straight
to the front of the queue and 6)\par\pard\qj \li327\ri803\sb0\sl-
255\slmult0\fi9\tx3687 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (enter) the cinema. He
7)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (feel) relieved \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
that he didn't have to queue. He 8)\par\pard\qj \li346\ri2231\sb0\sl-254\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 (reach) his seat just as the lights 9) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (go down) for the start of the film.\par\pard\ql
\li6182\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li39\sb87\sl-207\slmult0\tx346\tx3562 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 B\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Last weekend. Cathy
1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (hire) a car and\par\pard\ql \li337\sb57\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 (drive) to the seaside. When\par\pard\ql \li341\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1959 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 she 3)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (arrive) the wind 4)\par\pard\ql \li356\sb56\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4465 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 (blow) and the sky \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (be)\par\pard\ql
\li346\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3850 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 cloudy. She
6)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (get out) of\par\pard\qj \li341\ri790\sb18\sl-
249\slmult0\tx3750 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 the car and 7)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 (take) a walk \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 along the
seafront. Then she 8)\par\pard\qj \li346\ri779\sb2\sl-259\slmult0\fi14\tx2738
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (decide) to go for fish and chips at a nearby
restaurant \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 that she
9) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (see) earlier and liked the\par\pard\ql
\li356\sb34\sl-207\slmult0\tx4253 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 look of. By the time
she 10)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (leave)\par\pard\ql \li351\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 the restaurant, it \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 11)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (already/grow)\par\pard\ql
\li351\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3788 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 dark. As she 12)\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (walk) to her\par\pard\ql \li356\sb53\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2794 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 car it 13)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (begin) to rain. However,\par\pard\qj \li361\ri774\sb0\sl-
262\slmult0\tx3217\tx2810 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Cathy 14)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 (not/mind) because \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 she
15) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (have) a wonderful day.
\u9632?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5926\colsr160\colno2\colw589\c
20,\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Underline the correct tense.\par\pard\column \ql
a,\par\pard\column \ql \li6825\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb166\sl-
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Choose the
correct
answer.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5916\colsr160\colno2\colw5684\
colsr160\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
1\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 Lynne was singinglhad sung as she was cleaning
the\par\pard\ql \li1377\sb121\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex88
windows.\par\pard\ql \li1118\sb117\sl-253\slmult0\tx1382 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 Mr Todd was teaching/had been
teaching for thirty\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb126\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex93 years when he retired.\par\pard\ql \li1118\sb112\sl-
7\charscalex100 I phoned Jack because I wantedlhad wanted to ask\par\pard\ql
\li1387\sb116\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 him a
question.\par\pard\ql \li1113\sb126\sl-253\slmult0\tx1372 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 They had walked had been
walking for hours when\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb132\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex95 they stopped for a rest.\par\pard\ql \li1118\sb111\sl-
7\charscalex100 The shop had been selling had sold the table by the\par\pard\ql
\li1382\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 time I got
there.\par\pard\ql \li1123\sb116\sl-253\slmult0\tx1377 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 Joe was happy. He was
winninglhad won first prize in\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb117\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex91 the competition.\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb116\sl-
10\charscalex95 It was raininglhad rained while they were playing
the\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex90 football
match.\par\pard\qj \li1132\ri195\sb22\sl-374\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
8 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 Rob was opening/opened the box and looked
inside. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 Eve was
delighted to hear that she was getting had\par\pard\ql \li1391\sb101\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 got the job.\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb121\sl-
10\charscalex94 People used (o worklwere working very long hours in\par\pard\ql
\li1396\sb126\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 those
days.\par\pard\qj \li1051\ri185\sb13\sl-374\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex75
11 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 I was running when I slippedlwas slipping on the
ice. \line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 12 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 They were
already buyinglhad already bought the\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb100\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex94 tickets when they went to the concert.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Carol had broken/was breaking her arm, so
she\par\pard\ql \li1406\sb122\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex90 couldn't
write for six weeks.\par\pard\ql \li1060\sb116\sl-253\slmult0\tx1396 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex80 14\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 We had been stayinglstayed in
a hotel by the sea last\par\pard\ql \li1406\sb122\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex92 summer.\par\pard\ql \li1060\ri171\sb27\sl-374\slmult0\tx1486
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex82 15 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 Elvis Presley
sanglhad sung lots of hit songs. \line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 16 \tab
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 opened/was opening the door and stepped outside.
\line \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 17 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 They had
stood/were standing outside when the\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb110\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 results were announced.\par\pard\ql \li1065\sb107\sl-
6\charscalex100 Alexander Graham Bell had inventedlinvented the\par\pard\ql
telephone.\par\pard\ql \li1070\sb122\sl-253\slmult0\tx1415 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex82 19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 She broke the glass while she
had washed/was\par\pard\ql \li1416\sb121\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex93 washing it.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex163 64 | Page\par\pard\column \ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
He went to bed ...5... he had brushed his teeth.\par\pard\ql \li332\sb122\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1705\tx3385 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A before\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 B after\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 C while\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 I was watching
television\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 the doorbell rang.\par\pard\ql
\li337\sb131\sl-253\slmult0\tx1710\tx3385 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A
when\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B as soon as\tab \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 C while\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li78\sb17\sl-253\slmult0\tx347\tx1590 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex95 She\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex97 hadn't finished the
washing-up when\par\pard\ql \li337\sb127\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex94 the guests arrived.\par\pard\ql \li337\sb131\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1715\tx3390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A yet\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 B just\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 C still\par\pard\ql
\li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li78\sb7\sl-253\slmult0\tx347\tx3678
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 We had been
walking for hours\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 we reached\par\pard\ql
\li342\sb136\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 the campsite.\par\pard\ql
\li342\sb126\sl-253\slmult0\tx1720\tx3395 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A since\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 B for\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C
before\par\pard\ql \li83\sb251\sl-253\slmult0\tx352\tx3256 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 John was repairing the
car\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89 Steve was tidying\par\pard\ql
\li347\sb136\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex96 the
garage.\par\pard\qj \li88\ri1626\sb0\sl-475\slmult0\fi263\tx1725\tx3400 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex100 A while\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 B before\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 C after \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 6 \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex93 We went to Spam on holiday\par\pard\ql \li351\sb74\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1725\tx3405 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 A tomorrow\tab \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 B next year\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 C last
year\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li92\sb27\sl-
253\slmult0\tx366\tx2133 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex90 I fell asleep\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 I closed
my eyes.\par\pard\ql \li356\sb121\sl-253\slmult0\tx1734\tx3405 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 A just\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B as soon as\tab \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 C already\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
8\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex95 did Jane and Ted get married?\par\pard\ql
\li356\sb131\sl-253\slmult0\tx1734 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 A How long\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 B How long ago C While\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-
253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li97\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\tx371\tx2843 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 She hasn't seen Jim\tab \up0
\expndtw-10\charscalex91 she left school.\par\pard\ql \li361\sb126\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1734\tx3414 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A for\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 B just\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C since\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-10\charscalex80 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex94 He won't go
home\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex91 he has finished his work.\par\pard\ql
\li366\sb122\sl-253\slmult0\tx1739\tx3419 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 A how
long\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 B until\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 C
yet\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb12\sl-
10\charscalex89 have lived in Kent\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 ten years
now.\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1450\sb0\sl-471\slmult0\fi340\tx1739\tx3419 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 A since\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B for\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 C before \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex80 12 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex91 We haven't finished work\par\pard\ql \li371\sb87\sl-
253\slmult0\tx1749\tx3424 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A yet\tab \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex100 B until\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C just\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-10\charscalex82 13\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex92 did Tina meet
Steve9\par\pard\ql \li376\sb121\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A How
long B How long ago C While
colsr160\ql \li998\sb79\sl-299\slmult0\tx2265 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 L:UtU \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex96
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Hz\tab \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex86
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 [-\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 01 IIS\par\pard\ql \li864\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Ifuliui? Siiui'k\par\pard\ql \li864\sb184\sl-
future simple:\par\pard\ql \li926\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li926\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1209 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
in predictions about the\par\pard\ql \li1209\sb13\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 future usually with the\par\pard\qj \li1209\ri2821\sb4\sl-
249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 verbs think, believe, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 expect, etc.,\par\pard\qj \li1209\ri2365\sb2\sl-242\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 the expressions be sure, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 be afraid, etc., and the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
adverbs probably,\par\pard\ql \li1209\ri1767\sb13\sl-230\slmult0\tx2428 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 perhaps,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 ^ I'm afraid
we \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 certainly, etc. won't be on time
ft\par\pard\ql \li2894\sb1\sl-202\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 me
meeting\par\pard\ql \li935\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li935\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 for on-the-
spot\par\pard\ql \li1228\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
decisions.\par\pard\ql \li2121\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2121\sb0\sl-
\li2121\ri2466\sb164\sl-240\slmult0\fi316 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 I'll take
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 this leg of lamb\par\pard\column \ql
\expndtw0\charscalex119 We use be going to:\par\pard\qj \li77\ri894\sb198\sl-
240\slmult0\tx375 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 a) for plans, intentions or
ambitions we have for the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
future.\par\pard\qj \li6067\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li754\ri3098\sb216\sl-
240\slmult0\fi24 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 / m going to become a \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 famous violinist one day\par\pard\ql \li1335\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (ambition)\par\pard\ql \li6067\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Now that they've won the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
lottery, they are going to buy \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 a big house,
(intention/plan)\par\pard\qj \li6067\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li97\ri874\sb27\sl-244\slmult0\tx400 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) for actions
we have already decided to do in the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 near
future.\par\pard\ql \li390\ri3415\sb101\sl-240\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 They are going to get \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
married in three months.\par\pard\qj \li390\ri3172\sb2\sl-244\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (They have already decided \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 to
do it.)\par\pard\qj \li394\ri3663\sb68\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
BUT: They're getting \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 married next
month.\par\pard\ql \li404\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (They
have decided
and\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5883\colsr160\colno2\colw3450\cols
r160\colno3\colw2117\colsr160\qj \li960\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li960\ri95\sb164\sl-244\slmult0\tx1243 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c) for
promises (usually with the verbs promise, swear, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 guarantee, etc.), threats, warnings, requests,
hopes\par\pard\ql \li1252\sb31\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 (usually
with the verb hope) and offers.\par\pard\ql \li984\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
207\slmult0\tx2567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex155 /^ Idont\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex265 ^^\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 understand this\par\pard\qj \li984\ri2827\sb10\sl-
235\slmult0\tx2952 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 exercise. Will you help me \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 V with it? (request) \tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \\\par\pard\column \ql \li337\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 arranged to do it.)\par\pard\ql \li6091\sb0\sl-
240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li68\ri1164\sb116\sl-240\slmult0\tx361 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 c) in predictions when \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 there is evidence that\par\pard\qj \li356\ri906\sb0\sl-
248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 something will happen \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 in the near future.\par\pard\qj \li356\ri1272\sb157\sl-
240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Look at the clouds! It's \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 going to rain.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-360\slmult0
r\\\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw3867\colsr160\colno2\colw2537\cols
r60\colno3\colw5146\colsr160\ql \li969\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 *v\par\pard\column \ql \li2036\sb64\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Note:\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri922\sb145\sl-242\slmult0\tx1273 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex139 ^ Of course! ^
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 III explain it to you \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 ^ (offer) \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
^\par\pard\column \qj \li34\ri846\sb37\sl-240\slmult0\tx260 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 1) We normally use be going to to talk about \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 something we intend to do and will to give\par\pard\ql
\li255\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 details or make
comments.\par\pard\qj \li250\ri845\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\tx836 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g. A: I'm going to have a party next week. I'll \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
invite all my friends.\par\pard\ql \li596\sb31\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 B: That'll be great.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri837\sb13\sl-
244\slmult0\tx265\tx275 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 2) We normally use the present
continuous rather \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 than be going to with
verbs which express \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 movement, especially
the verbs go and come. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li969\sb0\sl-
162\slmult0\fi0\tx6854 \up1 \expndtw0\charscalex112 d) for
actions/events/situations which will definitely\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex112
e.g. Sam is going to the market in a few minutes.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li969\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\fi297\tx7195 \up2 \expndtw0\charscalex112 happen in the
future and which we cannot control.\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Sheila is
coming o my house for tea this\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li969\sb125\sl-
207\slmult0\fi312\tx7200 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex112 The temperature will reach 40
�C tomorrow.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 afternoon.\par\pard\qj
\li935\ri903\sb158\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 The future simple
and be going to are used with the following time expressions: tomorrow, the day
after tomorrow, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 tonight, soon, next week month year,
in a weeklmonthlyear, in two/three days/weeks, etc. \par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex172 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 65|Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs88 IS \par\pard\ql \li11092\sb11\sl-161\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 M I
U\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5801\colsr160\colno2\colw5799\colsr1
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 tAiuir Ceiiiuiuoi.t?\par\pard\ql \li888\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the future continuous:\par\pard\qj
\li940\ri71\sb191\sl-249\slmult0\tx1214\tx3989\tx4488 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
a) for an action which will be in progress at a stated \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 future time. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8212? \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u8212?\par\pard\ql \li4060\sb0\sl-943\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf61\f62\fs82 %\u9660?\par\pard\ql \li964\sb0\sl-220\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li964\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2740\ri234\sb31\sl-
^^"^^"~ This time \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 * nexr weiek, we'll
be cruising\par\pard\ql \li3715\sb26\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
round the islands.\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb0\sl-288\slmult0\tx2447 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex329 i#^\par\pard\qj \li964\sb0\sl-244\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 b) for an action which will definitely happen in
the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 future as the result of a routine or
arrangement.\par\pard\ql \li993\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li993\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Don\par\pard\ql \li993\ri3191\sb7\sl-
216\slmult0\fi153\tx2203 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 callJulie\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 seeing \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 herlater \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 so\par\pard\ql
\li1540\sb13\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 pass \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 the\par\pard\ql \li1252\sb4\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 message \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 on\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex119 c) when we ask politely about someone's plans for the
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 near future (what we want to know is if our
wishes\par\pard\ql \li1262\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 fit in
with their plans.)\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Will you be\par\pard\qj \li1550\ri2464\sb13\sl-
244\slmult0\tx2078 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 using the photocop\\er \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 forlong\par\pard\column \ql \li1700\sb82\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 lrL'.U'.ll5 l-
LHiecl\par\pard\ql \li5961\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li25\sb67\sl-
future perfect:\par\pard\ql \li20\ri3087\sb184\sl-251\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 for an action which will be \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 finished before a stated future \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 time.\par\pard\qj \li25\ri3318\sb150\sl-249\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 She will have delivered all the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 newspapers by 8 o'clock.\par\pard\qj \li5975\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex132 The future perfect is used with the following time \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 expressions: before, by, by then, by the time,
until/till. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Note: \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Until/till are only used in negative sentences.\par\pard\qj
\li606\ri1259\sb0\sl-243\slmult0\tx870 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 a) She will
have finished the repot by tomorrow. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
(NOT:... untiHtill tomorrow.)\par\pard\qj \li615\ri881\sb7\sl-244\slmult0\tx861
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 b) She won't have completed the repot until Hill 5
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 o clock.\par\pard\ql \li5990\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 V-VXVAC-
L:lHHrCt ClUlUllUUliS\par\pard\ql \li49\sb188\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the future perfect
continuous:\par\pard\qj \li49\ri3255\sb187\sl-247\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 to emphasise the duration \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 of an action up to a certain \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 time in the future.\par\pard\qj \li54\ri3366\sb94\sl-
247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 By the end of next month, she \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 will have been teaching for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
twenty years.\par\pard\ql \li6004\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6004\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 The future perfect continuous is used
with: by ... for.\par\pard\qj \li73\ri840\sb166\sl-244\slmult0\tx645 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Note: After the time expressions by the time, until,
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 before, we use the present simple because
they\par\pard\qj \li634\ri845\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
introduce time clauses. The future perfect and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
the future perfect continuous may come either \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
before or after the time clause.\par\pard\ql \li644\sb88\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Study the following examples:\par\pard\ql \li634\sb76\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 a) I won't have finished cleaning the
house until
you\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4592\colsr160\colno2\colw1683\cols
r160\colno3\colw5175\colsr160\qj \li1924\ri1219\sb49\sl-235\slmult0\fi163 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 I need to make \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 some
photocop\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 ie<\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-
r*\par\pard\ql \li188\sb0\sl-162\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 NoWhy\par\pard\column \ql \li222\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 come back\par\pard\qj \li20\ri846\sb4\sl-
249\slmult0\tx251 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 b) By the time they reach York, they
will have been \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 travelling for four hours.
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li955\ri890\sb0\sl-240\slmult0\tx1502 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Note: We can use the future simple, future continuous or
future perfect to make a prediction about the present or \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 past, that is to say what we believe may be happening or
have happened. \par\pard\ql \li1502\sb32\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 Study the following examples: \par\pard\ql \li1497\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. a) 'There's somebody on the phone for
you.' 'That'll be my mother.' \par\pard\ql \li1848\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 b) Don't call her now - she'll be sleeping. \par\pard\ql
\li1848\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 c) It's seven o'clock. Dad
will have left the office by now. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\colno3\colw5065\colsr160\ql \li921\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 l:KH?l-Ul Silllpk\par\pard\qj \li921\ri306\sb195\sl-
present simple for future actions when we \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 refer to
programmes, timetables, etc.\par\pard\ql \li921\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. The bus arrives in Liverpool at 7:30.\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex124 We use the present continuous for actions we have \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 decided and arranged to do in the near
future.\par\pard\ql \li935\sb45\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g.
I'm flying to Lisbon tomorrow morning.\par\pard\qj \li1041\sb0\sl-259\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li1271\ri298\sb83\sl-259\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 We
use the present simple or present perfect, and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 not
future forms, after words and expressions such \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 as
while, before, after, until/till, as, unless, when, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
whenever, if, suppose/supposing, once, as soon as, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 as
long as, by the time, in case, on condition that, etc. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
e.g. Call me as soon as you get back.\par\pard\ql \li1665\sb44\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 (NOT: ... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 03 soon 03
you will get bock.)\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb181\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 We use future forms:\par\pard\qj \li1286\ri285\sb6\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 a) with when when it is used as a
question word. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 When it is used as a time
word we use the present\par\pard\ql \li1516\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 simple.\par\pard\ql \li1516\ri1210\sb10\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1852 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. IVhen will they get
married? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I'm not sure when they will visit
us.\par\pard\ql \li1857\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 BUT: I
will let you know when I decide.\par\pard\ql \li1305\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 b) with if \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 (= whether) when
it is used after\par\pard\qj \li1521\ri283\sb10\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 expressions which show ignorance, uncertainty, \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 etc. such as I don't know, I wonder, I doubt,
etc.\par\pard\column \ql \li83\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx361 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\par\pard\ql \li361\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 B:\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-
A:\par\pard\ql \li380\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89
B:\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb71\sl-
B:\par\pard\ql \li30\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 14\tab
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\par\pard\ql \li390\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\par\pard\ql \li30\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx390 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 15\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\par\pard\ql
\li394\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 16\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\par\pard\ql
\li399\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 27\par\pard\column \ql \li20\ri962\sb0\sl-
242\slmult0\tx3569 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Are
you having a party next weekend? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Yes. I hope
I \tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 (finish) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
decorating the house by then.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb32\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 What are your plans for tonight?\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri941\sb16\sl-240\slmult0\tx2445 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Well. I\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (meet) Steve at eight \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 o'clock.\par\pard\ql \li30\ri2595\sb1\sl-
244\slmult0\fi105 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 must buy some bread. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 You'd better hurry. The shops \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
(close) in half an hour.\par\pard\ql \li35\ri948\sb1\sl-244\slmult0\fi4\tx2172 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Shall I call you at ten o'clock tomorrow? \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 No. I \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (leave) for work
by then. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Are you coming to the disco on Friday
night?\par\pard\qj \li45\ri928\sb9\sl-240\slmult0\tx3006 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 I can't. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (study) for
my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 exam then.\par\pard\ql \li40\ri942\sb0\sl-
247\slmult0\tx3823 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Are you excited about going to
California? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Yes! This time tomorrow I \tab
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex85 (fly) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 across the
Atlantic.\par\pard\ql \li49\sb22\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 It's
seven o'clock.\par\pard\qj \li40\ri923\sb8\sl-244\slmult0\tx2805 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Yes. John\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (leave) the
office \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 by now.\par\pard\ql \li45\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 There's somebody at the
door.\par\pard\qj \li49\ri934\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\tx2704 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 Oh. That\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (be) the postman.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I've left my jacket at home.\par\pard\ql
\li1878\sb32\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (go) back and get it for
you\par\pard\qj \li49\ri920\sb10\sl-242\slmult0\fi9\tx2292 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Have you booked a taxi to take you to the airport? \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Yes.lt \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (come) at
eight o'clock \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 in the morning.\par\pard\qj
\li54\ri1975\sb5\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Are you nervous about
the interview? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Yes. This time tomorrow,
I\par\pard\ql \li73\sb32\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (talk) to the
managing director.\par\pard\qj \li1041\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Fill in the future simple, the present \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 simple or the present
perfect.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw1422\colsr40\colno2\colw4560\
colsr160\colno3\colw5588\colsr160\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 26\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
|\par\pard\column \qj \li79\ri763\sb8\sl-259\slmult0\tx430 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 e.g. / don't know if/whether
he'll move house. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I doubt if/whether she'll
pass her exams.\par\pard\ql \li420\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
BUT: If you call her. give her my regards.\par\pard\qj \li1051\sb0\sl-
225\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri265\sb40\sl-225\slmult0\fi332 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Put the verbs in brackets into
the correct \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 P future tense.\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 My car is being
repaired and I
don't know when it\par\pard\ql \li328\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 1) ...will be... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (be) ready.
I doubt whether I 2)\par\pard\ql \li1912\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 (be able to) collect it before the\par\pard\qj
\li318\ri870\sb13\sl-249\slmult0\tx3904 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 weekend. I
wonder if John 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (give) me \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 a lift to the party on Saturday. I'll ask him when
he\par\pard\ql \li318\sb36\sl-207\slmult0\tx1705 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (come) home.\par\pard\ql \li30\sb163\sl-
207\slmult0\tx332\tx457 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex96 B\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 was calling to ask if you'd like
to go out after we\par\pard\qj \li328\ri870\sb4\sl-
254\slmult0\fi14\tx2200\tx2181 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex96 1)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (finish) work tomorrow or if you \line \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 2) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (want) to watch a video
instead.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6022\colsr160\colno2\colw5578
\colsr160\ql \li1060\sb25\sl-207\slmult0\tx1305 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A: Your house is very small.\par\pard\qj
\li1320\ri338\sb0\sl-254\slmult0\tx1603 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B: I know.
I ...'m going to move... (move) to a bigger \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
house next year.\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb35\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 2 A: I have got a new job!\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4195 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 B: Wonderful! I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 (call) Mum and tell\par\pard\ql \li1608\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 her the good news.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 3 A: How old is your daughter?\par\pard\ql
\li1329\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx4262 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 B: She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (be) fourteen next\par\pard\ql \li1603\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 week.\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 4 A: I must phone Julia.\par\pard\qj
\li1329\ri1816\sb9\sl-249\slmult0\tx1617 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 B: Well,
don't phone her now. She \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
(sleep).\par\pard\ql \li1060\sb26\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 5 A:
Have you been living here long?\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx5327 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 B: Yes. By next month. I\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95
(live)\par\pard\ql \li1617\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 here
for ten years.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb187\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174
207\slmult0\tx4100 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Call
me back as soon as you 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (get)
in.\par\pard\ql \li327\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx3366 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 I'll
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 wait until I \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 4)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 (hear) from you.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb168\sl-
207\slmult0\tx332 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 C\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
I will leave the hotel early in case there 1)\par\pard\qj \li322\ri856\sb3\sl-
249\slmult0\fi14\tx1586 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (be) a lot of traffic. I don't
know how long the journey \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2) \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 (take) or what time the plane 3)\par\pard\ql
\li1786\sb36\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (land), but I \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 4)\par\pard\ql \li342\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 (call) you as soon as I 5)\par\pard\qj
\li342\ri1328\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\tx1912 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (arrive) at
the airport. Then, I will wait until you 6) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
(come) to collect me.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb161\sl-207\slmult0\tx342 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 D\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Paula is drinking tea as she is
waiting for Charles. She\par\pard\ql \li332\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx3236 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 wonders if he 1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (be) late
as usual.\par\pard\qj \li332\ri908\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\fi4\tx4129 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 She will wait until the clock 2)\tab \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 (strike) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 five and then she will call
him in case he 3)\par\pard\ql \li1273\sb50\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 (forget).
Pg69}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw1293\colsr40\colno2\colw2553\col
sr160\colno3\colw7724\colsr160\li796\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li796\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
{\*\shpinst\shpleft696\shptop856\shpright1432\shpbottom1756\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpb
ypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10001\shplid10001
\expndtw0\charscalex106\ul0\nosupersub\cf29\f30\fs80 I{\par}}}}
-UlUK-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
LLllLUO\par\pard\column
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex120\ul0\nosupersub\cf34\f35\fs92 �{\par}}}}
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 rtTUS\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 Ge \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 OOLLlO
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li935\sb181\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx5990 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use the future simple:\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 We use be going to:\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \u8226? when we make a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
\u8226? when we make a\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li935\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0\fi278\tx6292 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 prediction based on\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 prediction based on\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li935\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\fi278\tx6287 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex115 what we
think,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 what we can see\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li935\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\fi278\tx6297 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 believe or
imagine.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 (evidence) or what
we\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li935\sb38\sl-230\slmult0\fi278\tx6292 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex115 In the year 2020 people\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
know.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li935\sb77\sl-207\slmult0\fi278\tx6287 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 will drive electric cars.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
She is going to cut the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li935\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\fi5347 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 sunflowers.\par\pard\li935\sb0\sl-
241\slmult0\par\pard\li935\sb241\sl-241\slmult0\fi62\tx6292 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \u8226? for on-the-spot\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
for actions we have\par\pard\li935\sb19\sl-241\slmult0\fi283\tx6297 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex117 decisions.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 already decided
to do\par\pard\li935\sb30\sl-207\slmult0\fi5366 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 in the
future.\par\pard\li935\sb122\sl-218\slmult0\fi3907\tx7281 \up3 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 �\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Do you
like\par\pard\li935\sb78\sl-207\slmult0\fi6311 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 this
blouse?\par\pard\li935\sb1\sl-171\slmult0\fi1104\tx9767\tx10152 \dn1
\expndtw0\charscalex100 / like this one\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex96 Yes\tab
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex97 Why\par\pard\li935\sb35\sl-207\slmult0\fi840\tx7329
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 letter than the othe\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex109
I'm going to\par\pard\li935\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\fi1228\tx6907 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 III take it.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 vg/ve it to
my daughter\par\pard\li935\sb62\sl-207\slmult0\fi6551 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex143
as a gift, ^y\par\pard\li935\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li935\sb85\sl-
207\slmult0\fi5184\tx6777\tx8784 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 13 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 I'm really thirsty after all\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 that hard work.\par\pard\li935\sb1\sl-
322\slmult0\fi43\tx1723\tx6494\tx6777\tx9518 \dn5 \expndtw0\charscalex134
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 28.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex116
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in the future simple or be going to.\tab \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex95 B\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 (make) some
tea.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5964\colsr160\colno2\colw5636\col
sr160\ql \li935\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li998\sb122\sl-
8\charscalex84 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 have you finished your essay
yet?\par\pard\qj \li988\ri480\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\fi264\tx1618 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex83 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 No. but I'm sure I ..."// finish...
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (finish) it on time. \line \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex84 A: \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
have decided what to wear for the party.\par\pard\qj \li988\ri241\sb0\sl-
248\slmult0\fi264\tx4247 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 B: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Really? What\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (you/wear),
then? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex87 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Why do you need hot soapy water?\par\pard\qj
\li993\ri245\sb0\sl-244\slmult0\fi264\tx4463 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 B:
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Because I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (wash) the
car. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 Did you post those letters?\par\pard\ql \li1262\sb32\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1526\tx4396 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 B:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 No, I forgot. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (post)
them this\par\pard\ql \li1531\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
afternoon.\par\pard\ql \li998\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1247\tx1531 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex88 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 Did you book a table at the restaurant?\par\pard\qj
\li993\ri240\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\fi268\tx4862 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 B
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Yes. but I don't expect it\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 (be) busy. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 A \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I'm hungry.\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Me too. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (make) us
something\par\pard\ql \li1531\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to
eat.\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1252\tx1526 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 What are you doing this weekend?\par\pard\ql
\li1267\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1531\tx4482 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex90 B:\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Oh. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
(probably/visit)\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 my grandparents.\par\pard\ql \li1008\sb43\sl-
8\charscalex96 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Look at that dog!\par\pard\qj
\li1008\ri225\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\fi268\tx3791 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex91 B
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Oh yes! It\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (swim)
across the river. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex96 A
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Tony is nearly eighteen, isn't he?\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (work) for
his father\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
when he leaves school.\par\pard\ql \li935\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1262\tx1540 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex95 10\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Are you going into town today?\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb37\sl-
2\charscalex100 Yes. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (give) you a lift if you
like.\par\pard\ql \li935\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1266\tx1545 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex83 11\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Your shirt is dirty.\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb38\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex106 Oh dear! I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (change)
into\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 another
one.\par\pard\ql \li940\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1266\tx1559\tx4482 \up0 \expndtw-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 I hope we\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (not/arrive)
late\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 for the
meeting.\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1559 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Don't worry. There's plenty of
time.\par\pard\ql \li734\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li734\sb193\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 14 A\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 Did you give Steve his present?\par\pard\ql \li390\sb62\sl-
2\charscalex100 No. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (give) it to him tonight
at\par\pard\ql \li673\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
dinner.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
15 A: Watch out! You\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (bang) your\par\pard\ql
\li678\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 head on the
doorframe.\par\pard\ql \li395\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 B:
Oh! I didn't realise it was so low.\par\pard\qj \li6201\sb0\sl-167\slmult0
167\slmult0\fi772 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Underline the correct tense.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex188 29>\par\pard\ql \li6201\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li97\sb101\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 A Next
Saturday. Daisy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 1) \ul0\nosupersub\cf69\f70\fs18\ul
is flying\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 /flies to Paris for a\par\pard\ql
\li404\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 business meeting. Her
secretary has already booked\par\pard\qj \li395\ri715\sb15\sl-264\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 the flight. The plane \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2) will
leave/leaves at nine \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 o'clock in the morning
and one of her business clients\par\pard\qj \li400\ri710\sb2\sl-268\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 3) will have met/will be meeting her at the airport
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 when the plane lands. She doesn't know how long
the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 meeting will last, but she \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 4) will have returned/will \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 have been returning home by Thursday
evening.\par\pard\qj \li6220\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li116\ri707\sb62\sl-
264\slmult0\tx424 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 B Florence 1) is going to
become/will be becoming a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 doctor when she
finishes medical school. She thinks\par\pard\qj \li419\ri700\sb2\sl-268\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 she 2) will probably work/will have probably worked
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 in a hospital for most of her career. This time
next \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 month, she 3) will have revised/will be
revising hard \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 for her exams. By the time she
gets her degree she\par\pard\qj \li414\ri697\sb3\sl-266\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 4) will have been studying/will have studied medicine \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 for five years. Florence hopes she \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 5) will have \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 passed/will
pass all the exams with excellent grades.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 35>\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in the correct
present or future forms.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb124\sl-207\slmult0\tx294
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 'It's bad news
about Janet crashing her new car, isn't it?'\par\pard\ql \li327\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1767 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Yes. She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 for months to buy it.'\par\pard\ql \li284\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1465\tx2799 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A saved\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 B is saving\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C had been
saving\par\pard\ql \li25\sb149\sl-207\slmult0\tx299 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 There's someone here to see you.'\par\pard\ql
\li337\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Oh, that\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 my sister. Send her in.'\par\pard\ql \li298\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2156\tx3409 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 A will have been\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 B was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 C will
be\par\pard\ql \li29\sb134\sl-207\slmult0\tx308 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 'Whose is this earring?'\par\pard\ql \li351\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3419 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 I don't know. I found it when I\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 the house.' \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1219\sb77\sl-195\slmult0\fi1031\tx3010\tx3076\tx6556 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex155 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u9632? v \u8212?\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex187 \ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs6 \u9632?
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 ^\t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf50\f51\fs6 \u8226?.\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 p\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A was cleaning B had cleaned C am
cleaning\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6051\colsr160\colno2\colw5549
\colsr160\ql \li1219\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1219\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1449\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 If you \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1) ...like... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (like)
watersports, you 2)\par\pard\ql \li2289\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (love) Aquaworld. As soon as you 3)\par\pard\ql
\li2731\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (arrive) at this unique
theme park, you\par\pard\ql \li1219\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx3398 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 (be greeted) by visitor
hosts\par\pard\ql \li1224\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3451 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
who 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (show) you to a luxury
chalet.\par\pard\ql \li1228\sb53\sl-207\slmult0\tx3710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
Once you 6)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (be) in your swimsuit, you\par\pard\qj
\li1224\ri263\sb18\sl-254\slmult0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 7)\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (be able to) enjoy a wide \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 variety of watersports, from swimming to water-
skiing.\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb44\sl-207\slmult0\tx4017 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 You 8)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (find) plenty to do
and\par\pard\qj \li1233\ri265\sb14\sl-254\slmult0\tx3422 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 you 9)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (have) the chance
to try many \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 exciting activities. Aquaworld
10)\par\pard\ql \li1252\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (open)
at9am every day and 11)\par\pard\qj \li1248\ri267\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\fi9\tx5438
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (close) at 8 pm. There 12)\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 (be) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 special facilities for children
and lifeguards 13)\par\pard\qj \li1248\ri254\sb10\sl-249\slmult0\fi1401 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 (supervise) all activities. Visit Aquaworld \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 for an experience you \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
14)\par\pard\ql \li1262\sb55\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
(never/forget)!\par\pard\ql \li1296\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1296\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Choose the correct answer.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 ... A... about buying a new car recently.'\par\pard\ql
\li1564\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 'Really9 What sort of
car?'\par\pard\qj \li1296\ri229\sb0\sl-307\slmult0\fi263\tx1699 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 A have been thinking B have thought C thought
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 haven't
seen Mark for weeks.'\par\pard\qj \li1564\ri164\sb0\sl-242\slmult0\fi4\tx2951
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 'Well, I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 him this
afternoon. Why don't you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 come along?'\par\pard\ql
\li1564\sb29\sl-207\slmult0\tx3095\tx4679 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A have
met\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B am meeting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
C meet\par\pard\ql \li1305\sb129\sl-207\slmult0\tx1607 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 We'd better take a taxi to the
station.'\par\pard\ql \li1612\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3431 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Yes. The train\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 in fifteen
minutes.'\par\pard\qj \li1305\ri596\sb0\sl-301\slmult0\fi264\tx3105\tx4689 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 A has left\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B will have
left\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C leaves \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 'Where is the newspaper?'\par\pard\ql \li1627\sb22\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4641 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 I threw it away. I thought
you\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 reading it.'\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4583 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A have finished B
finished\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 C had finished\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex102 feel very tired.'\par\pard\ql \li1631\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4507 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 How can you be tired? You\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a thing all day.'\par\pard\qj \li1579\ri916\sb5\sl-
254\slmult0\tx3916 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 A haven't been doing\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 B aren't doing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C haven't
done\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb116\sl-207\slmult0\tx1626 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Cathy doesn't study enough.'\par\pard\ql
\li1588\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx4108 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 'I know. I'm afraid
she\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 her exam.'\par\pard\qj \li1588\ri720\sb4\sl-
249\slmult0\tx3710 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A won't pass\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 B won't be passing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 C won't
have passed\par\pard\ql \li734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li734\sb10\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex149 Page\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb132\sl-
10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 to reach Jane on the phone all
day.'\par\pard\ql \li370\ri1052\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\fi52\tx1586\tx3482 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Don't you know? She's gone on holiday.' \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 A tried \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B have been
trying \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 C have tried\par\pard\ql \li24\sb130\sl-
I want to visit Katie.'\par\pard\ql \li418\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx4455 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Well, don't visit her
before five o'clock. She\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 '\par\pard\qj
\li375\ri1887\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\tx2242 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A is
working\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 B will be working \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 C will have worked\par\pard\ql \li34\sb139\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex112 That\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 like Dad's
car.'\par\pard\ql \li384\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 'It is.
He must have finished work early.'\par\pard\ql \li380\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1921
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 A sounds\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B had
sounded C has sounded\par\pard\ql \li34\sb144\sl-207\slmult0\tx394 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 'Is that a new
jumper?'\par\pard\ql \li433\sb56\sl-207\slmult0\tx1546 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 No. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 it from Laura
yesterday.'\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1090\sb0\sl-310\slmult0\fi340\tx1115 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 A have borrowed B had borrowed C borrowed \line \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 14 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 to the library
today?'\par\pard\ql \li389\ri1019\sb0\sl-254\slmult0\fi43 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes. Would you like me to return your books?' \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 A Will you have gone B Will you have been going \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 C Will you be going\par\pard\ql \li49\sb130\sl-
'How is your grandfather?'\par\pard\ql \li447\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx2218 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 His condition\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 day by
day.'\par\pard\ql \li399\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1945 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 A
improves\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 B has improved C is
improving\par\pard\ql \li53\sb139\sl-207\slmult0\tx447 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 16\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 When did you speak to
Sue?'\par\pard\ql \li548\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx2218 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
met her as I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 to work.'\par\pard\ql \li399\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1945\tx3519 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 A had walked\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 B was walking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 C am
walking\par\pard\ql \li58\sb144\sl-207\slmult0\tx457 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100
17\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Shall we go shopping?'\par\pard\ql
\li456\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx3490 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I can't go until the
babysitter\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 '\par\pard\ql \li404\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1950\tx3524 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 A arrives\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 B will arrive\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 C
arrived\par\pard\ql \li63\sb138\sl-207\slmult0\tx466 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100
18\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 I've invited Sam to my paty.'\par\pard\ql
\li461\sb58\sl-207\slmult0\tx2247 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 I doubt if he\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He's studying for an exam.\par\pard\ql \li409\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1954\tx3529 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A comes\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 B will come\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 C is
coming\par\pard\ql \li68\sb139\sl-207\slmult0\tx476 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 I'm sorry I'm late.'\par\pard\ql
\li423\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1254 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex49 "I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 here for over an hour.'\par\pard\qj \li58\ri860\sb0\sl-
314\slmult0\fi360\tx477 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 A have been waiting B have
waited C was waiting \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 20 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 I'm having trouble with the car.'\par\pard\ql
\li476\sb29\sl-207\slmult0\tx2286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 I'm sure John\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 you fix it if you ask him.'\par\pard\ql
\li423\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx3543 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 A is going to help
B helps\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 C will help\par\pard\ql \li63\sb138\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 How long\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
James?'\par\pard\ql \li476\sb57\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Since
we were children.'\par\pard\qj \li428\ri1812\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\tx2458 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 A have you known\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 B do you
know \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 C did you know\par\pard\ql \li68\sb129\sl-
207\slmult0\tx481\tx1527 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 22\tab \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 You\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 a good teacher one
day.'\par\pard\ql \li437\ri1019\sb6\sl-259\slmult0\fi47\tx1974\tx3549 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Do you really think so?' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
A were \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 B will be \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 C are being
Pg71}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5926\colsr160\colno2\colw5674\co
lsr160\ql \li964\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li964\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 IN OTHER WORDS\par\pard\qj
\li964\ri281\sb187\sl-254\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex145 Study these
examples. The second sentence \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 has a similar
meaning to the first sentence.\par\pard\ql \li1031\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 I've never heard such a sad story.\par\pard\qj
ever\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 It's the saddest story I have ever heard.
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 He stated painting
fifteen years ago.\par\pard\qj \li1080\ri523\sb0\sl-254\slmult0\fi254\tx2155
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 been\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 He has been
painting for fifteen years. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 She hasn't finished decorating the flat yet.\par\pard\ql
\li1334\sb44\sl-207\slmult0\tx2155 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 still\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 She is still decorating the flat.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 I've never eaten Chinese food before.\par\pard\ql
\li1329\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2159 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 first\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 It's the first time I have ever eaten\par\pard\ql
\li2164\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Chinese
food.\par\pard\ql \li1089\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1334 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 When did they graduate from college?\par\pard\ql
\li1343\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2169 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 since\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 How long is it since they graduated from\par\pard\ql
\li2169\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 college?\par\pard\ql
\li1343\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx2174 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 ago\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 How long ago did they graduate from\par\pard\ql
\li2174\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 college?\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 He didn't begin talking until everyone had sat
down.\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 before
He waited until everyone had sat down\par\pard\ql \li2179\sb48\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 before he began talking.\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb47\sl-
We haven't been to the theatre for a year.\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2174 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 time\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 The last time we went to the theatre was a\par\pard\ql
\li2183\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 year ago.\par\pard\qj
last\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 We last went to the theatre a year ago.
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 It's two years since I
went on holiday.\par\pard\qj \li1104\ri317\sb0\sl-257\slmult0\fi259\tx2284 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 have not been on
holiday for two years. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
It was the first time they had travelled by boat.\par\pard\qj \li1031\ri260\sb5\sl-
249\slmult0\fi331\tx2183 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 never\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 They had never travelled by boat before. \line \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex95 10 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Jack was about to have
dinner when his boss called.\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb41\sl-207\slmult0\tx2183 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 point\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Jack was on the
point of having dinner\par\pard\ql \li2193\sb56\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 when his boss called.\par\pard\qj \li1046\sb0\sl-
215\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1046\ri185\sb83\sl-215\slmult0\fi4\tx1751 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex73 *%m\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Complete each sentence
with two to five \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 ** * P words, including the
word in bold.\par\pard\ql \li1060\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1075\sb118\sl-
She began to play tennis when she was 10.\par\pard\ql
\li1320\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx2035 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 since\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 She ...has been playing tennis since... she\par\pard\ql
\li2035\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 was 10.\par\pard\qj
\li1060\ri1796\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\tx1315\tx2035 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 2 I
bought this coat three years ago. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 for
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I\par\pard\ql \li2035\sb39\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 three years.\par\pard\qj \li1065\ri1431\sb5\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1324\tx2040 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 3 I haven't finished writing
the repot yet. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 still \tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 I\par\pard\ql \li2040\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 the repot.\par\pard\qj \li1065\ri1647\sb0\sl-
261\slmult0\tx1324\tx2045 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 4 We've never seen such a
funny film. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 ever \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 It's the\par\pard\ql \li2049\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 seen.\par\pard\qj \li1070\ri1839\sb14\sl-
254\slmult0\tx1334\tx2054 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 5 He's never played football
before. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 time \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 It's the first\par\pard\ql \li2054\sb44\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 football.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 6 John hasn't played golf for years.\par\pard\ql
\li1334\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx2054\tx5025 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 time\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 The\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 golf
was\par\pard\ql \li2059\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 years
ago.\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li729\sb65\sl-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
When did Mary move to Liverpool?\par\pard\ql \li370\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1119\tx4609 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 since\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 How long is it\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
to\par\pard\ql \li1114\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Liverpool?\par\pard\ql \li97\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx385 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 It was the first time I had met
a film star.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3980 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 never I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 a film
star\par\pard\ql \li1119\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
before.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx380 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We didn't stat tidying up until after the guests
had left.\par\pard\ql \li385\ri880\sb9\sl-249\slmult0\tx3923 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 before We waited until the guests \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 tidying up.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb35\sl-207\slmult0\tx390
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Kate was about to
leave the house when the postman\par\pard\ql \li385\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 came.\par\pard\ql \li389\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx1244 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 point\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Kate was\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri880\sb5\sl-254\slmult0\fi1809\tx395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 the house
when the postman came. \line \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 11 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 It's four weeks since I spoke to Paul.\par\pard\ql
\li394\sb40\sl-207\slmult0\tx4575 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 have\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 for\par\pard\ql \li1239\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 four weeks.\par\pard\ql \li29\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx395
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 When did they
announce their engagement?\par\pard\ql \li394\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1254 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 ago\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 How
long\par\pard\ql \li1244\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 their
engagement?\par\pard\ql \li34\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx395 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We haven't played squash for
six months.\par\pard\ql \li404\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1139 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 last\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 We\par\pard\ql
\li1138\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 six months
ago.\par\pard\ql \li44\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx414 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Kim was on the point of closing the shop when
a\par\pard\qj \li399\ri3612\sb14\sl-249\slmult0\tx1259 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
customer walked in. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 about \tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex96 Kim\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1336\sb11\sl-249\slmult0\fi1204\tx415
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 the shop when a customer walked in. \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 15 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 He is the kindest man
I've ever met.\par\pard\ql \li409\sb40\sl-207\slmult0\tx1369 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 never\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 have\par\pard\ql
\li1263\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 man before.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 They are still discussing the problem.\par\pard\ql
\li409\ri3054\sb13\sl-249\slmult0\tx1268 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 finished
They \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 the problem yet.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex111 Mike stated studying medicine four years
ago.\par\pard\ql \li418\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1278 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
been\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mike\par\pard\ql \li1263\sb47\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 four years.\par\pard\ql \li58\sb48\sl-
The waiter didn't take our order until everyone had\par\pard\ql \li418\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 decided what they wanted.\par\pard\qj
\li428\ri797\sb14\sl-249\slmult0\tx1283 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 before The
waiter waited until everyone had \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
decided what they wanted\par\pard\ql \li4009\sb41\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 our order.\par\pard\ql \li6105\sb0\sl-345\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 38, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 ense.\par\pard\qj \li39\ri783\sb250\sl-
259\slmult0\fi225\tx4159 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Kate Teale 1) ...has
decided... (decide) to open her own \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 restaurant.
Yesterday, she \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 2) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
(have) a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 meeting with her bank manager and she
3)\par\pard\ql \li49\ri784\sb0\sl-254\slmult0\tx1052 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
(ask) him for a loan. He agreed, so Kate 4) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
(be able) to stat making plans. In fact, she\par\pard\ql \li39\sb40\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
(already/find) a building for her\par\pard\qj \li44\ri779\sb18\sl-
249\slmult0\tx3654 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 restaurant and she 6)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 (look) at tables \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 and
chairs next week. By the end of the month, work on the\par\pard\qj
\li49\ri784\sb0\sl-261\slmult0\fi4\tx2641 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 restaurant
7)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (begin) and by the summer, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 everything will be ready. Kate 8)\par\pard\qj
\li54\ri769\sb2\sl-256\slmult0\fi9\tx2920 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (hope) that
her business will be a success. At the moment. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
she 9) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (interview) people to be \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 chefs and waiters.
60\ql \li1060\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb108\sl-
.OlilLuoLi LlUSlOLOS\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 /\par\pard\ql \li1060\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-8\charscalex81 I'll \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 call you when I will
finish. x\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 I'll
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 call you when I finish. /\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex114 have read this book a month ago. x\par\pard\ql
\li1065\ri1684\sb0\sl-297\slmult0\fi230\tx1387 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 I read
this book a month ago. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 have met him two days before. X\par\pard\ql
\li1396\sb16\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 have met him before.
/\par\pard\ql \li1070\sb114\sl-207\slmult0\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Take a map in case you will get lost.
x\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Take a map in case you get lost. /\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex115 When was the last time you have been to the\par\pard\ql
\li1296\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 cinema? X\par\pard\qj
\li1084\ri314\sb0\sl-294\slmult0\fi215\tx1397 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 When was
the last time you went to the cinema? / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 haven't seen him since I have finished school.
X\par\pard\qj \li1084\ri866\sb0\sl-283\slmult0\fi326 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
haven't seen him since I finished school. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I'm learning English since 1996. X\par\pard\qj
\li1089\ri1160\sb0\sl-283\slmult0\fi312 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 ve been
learning English since 1996. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 He stopped smoking a year before X\par\pard\ql
\li1320\sb23\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 He stopped smoking a year
ago. /\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb114\sl-207\slmult0\tx1315 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Sharon found a job last
month. She had left school\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 six months ago. X\par\pard\qj \li1320\ri279\sb3\sl-
244\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Sharon found a job last month. She had
left school \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 six months before. /\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 They still have called us. X\par\pard\ql
\li1108\ri1516\sb0\sl-294\slmult0\fi215 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 They still
haven't called us. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 He hasn't still bought a computer, x\par\pard\qj
\li1334\ri1486\sb0\sl-238\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 He still hasn't
bought a computer. / \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 She still is abroad,
x\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb31\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 She is still
abroad. /\par\pard\ql \li1104\sb115\sl-207\slmult0\tx1319 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 They haven't reached yet
a decision, x\par\pard\qj \li1108\ri1265\sb0\sl-293\slmult0\fi215 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 They haven't reached a decision yet. / \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 They will have returned until
noon, x\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb18\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 They
will have returned by noon \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 /\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex114 used to go to the cinema twice last month. X\par\pard\ql
\li1435\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 went to the cinema twice
last month \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 /\par\pard\ql \li1027\sb0\sl-
39.\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Correct the mistakes.\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I'm playing chess since I was
eight years old.\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 2 I used to eat at that restaurant three times last
week.\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 3 They
haven't still delivered my television.\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 4 We haven't read yet his letter.\par\pard\ql
\li1041\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 5 I have met that man a
week ago.\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 6 We
moved to Glasgow a year before.\par\pard\qj \li1046\ri143\sb11\sl-
240\slmult0\tx1320 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 7 Mike and Kelly got married last
week. They had met \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 each other four years
ago.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 8 I'll
make the dinner when I will get home.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 9 Take some food in case you will get
hungry.\par\pard\qj \li974\ri356\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\tx1330 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 10 The house will have been built until the end of May.
\line \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 11 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Peter still
is at school.\par\pard\ql \li984\sb25\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
12 When was the last time you have seen Tony?\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
207\slmult0\tx5439 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 13 I
have seen this film three months before.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80
\ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri904\sb15\sl-
240\slmult0\tx395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 14 She
hasn't been to a paty since she has returned from \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 her holiday.\par\pard\ql \li6110\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 40 * Choose the correct answer.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 The play had
stated ...C... we got to the theatre.\par\pard\ql \li385\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1973\tx3591 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 A while\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 B until\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 C by the
time\par\pard\ql \li116\sb115\sl-230\slmult0\tx390\tx1863 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Tom
has\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 had some good news.\par\pard\ql
\li389\sb39\sl-207\slmult0\tx1978\tx3596 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A still\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 B
yet\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C just\par\pard\ql \li120\sb134\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex113 Do you know\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 she had been
working there\par\pard\ql \li399\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
before she retired?\par\pard\ql \li394\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1978 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 A when\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 B how long C
how long ago\par\pard\ql \li125\sb134\sl-207\slmult0\tx404\tx3241 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 They will have had dinner\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 eight.\par\pard\ql \li399\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1988\tx3610 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 A before\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 B until\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 C
by\par\pard\ql \li135\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx418\tx1249 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 hadn't cleaned the house when the guests\par\pard\ql
\li408\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 arrived.\par\pard\ql
\li404\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx1993\tx3615 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 A
still\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 B yet\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C
just\par\pard\ql \li135\sb133\sl-207\slmult0\tx413\tx2996 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 We have been training\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 six months.\par\pard\ql \li408\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1997\tx3615 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 A since\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 B for\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 C
while\par\pard\ql \li140\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx1119 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 did you move to Essex?\par\pard\ql
\li413\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3620 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A How long ago B
How long\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 C While\par\pard\ql \li140\sb134\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex113 She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 eats beans because
they make her ill.\par\pard\ql \li418\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx2002\tx3620 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 A ever\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 B never\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 C always\par\pard\ql \li145\sb138\sl-207\slmult0\tx428
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 I'm tired. I have
been working very hard\par\pard\ql \li418\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2007\tx3625 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 A so far\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 B just\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 C lately\par\pard\ql \li63\sb138\sl-207\slmult0\tx1133
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Paul leaves, he
will have typed ten letters.\par\pard\ql \li423\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1964\tx3630 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 A By the time\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 B By then\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 C
Before\par\pard\ql \li73\sb129\sl-207\slmult0\tx428\tx3212 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 James was washing the car\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Sue was cutting the\par\pard\ql \li428\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 grass.\par\pard\ql \li428\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3634 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 A as soon as B before\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 C while\par\pard\ql \li73\sb129\sl-
Colin has invited ten people to his paty\par\pard\ql \li428\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2017\tx3634 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A yet\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 B ever\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 C so far.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 Noun\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb0\sl-414\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 Wouus\par\pard\column \ql \li2572\sb0\sl-
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb73\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 Ârticles - Word Formation\par\pard\ql
y\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6382\colsr160\colno2\colw5218\colsr1
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Nouns are: abstract \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
(love, freedom, etc.), proper \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (Joe, Europe, etc.),
group (family, team, crowd, group, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 etc.) or common
(chair, hat. boy. etc.).\par\pard\qj \li1651\ri451\sb84\sl-242\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Most nouns which refer to jobs, social status, etc. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 have the same form for men and women eg doctor, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 teacher, etc.\par\pard\column \ql \li6542\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Others have different
forms:\par\pard\ql \li20\sb129\sl-207\slmult0\tx2204 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
actor - actress\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 king - queen\par\pard\ql
\li30\sb29\sl-207\slmult0\tx2204 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (bride) groom -
bride\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 monk \u9632? nun\par\pard\ql \li25\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2204 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 duke - duchess\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 prince \u9632? princess\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1312\sb8\sl-
244\slmult0\fi4\tx2214\tx2205 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 hero - heroine\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 waiter - waitress \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
host \u9632? hostess \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 widower - widow, etc.
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Co U Lli ob lo Wo U lib"/ U
LlCO U Lli ob lo N.0 U
lib',\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7534\colsr160\colno2\colw4066\co
lsr160\ql \li5904\sb428\sl-598\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex162
\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs52 t^ \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 l\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 ^>\par\pard\ql \li4027\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
*\par\pard\ql \li6307\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6307\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
207\slmult0\tx6470 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 <\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
*\par\pard\column \qj \li7694\sb0\sl-241\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li7694\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Scientists do a lot of research in \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 order to find cures for various \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 diseases A lot of money is spent \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 on equipment every year, but the \line \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 information collected is
invaluable.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6420\colsr160\colno2\colw5
180\colsr160\qj \li1684\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1684\ri446\sb19\sl-
240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Countable nouns are nouns which we can
count. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 They have singular and plural forms. We
usually \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 form the plural by adding -s. (Look at
Appendix 1).\par\pard\qj \li1689\ri444\sb107\sl-244\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Irregular Plurals: man - men, woman - women, foot -\line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 feet, tooth - teeth, louse - lice, mouse - mice, child
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 -\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 children, goose -
geese, ox \u8226? oxen\par\pard\qj \li1699\ri438\sb106\sl-244\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Some nouns have the same form in the singular \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 and the plural. These are:\par\pard\ql \li1699\sb27\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 a) some kinds of animals \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \{sheep, deer) and fish\par\pard\ql \li1924\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (trout, cod. salmon, etc.)\par\pard\qj
\li1915\ri434\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx2241 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. A sheep
was grazing in the field. Some sheep \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 were
grazing in the field.\par\pard\qj \li1708\ri686\sb10\sl-235\slmult0\tx1920 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 b) the words aircraft, spacecraft, hovercraft, etc.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g. One hovercraft was approaching the
pot.\par\pard\ql \li2256\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Two
hovercraft were approaching the pot.\par\pard\ql \li1713\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 c) some nouns ending in -s: crossroads,
means,\par\pard\ql \li1924\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 series,
species, works, etc.\par\pard\qj \li1929\ri427\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx2246 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 e.g. A car is a means of transpot. Cars are a means
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 of transpot.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 72 | \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex149 Page\par\pard\column
\qj \li6580\sb0\sl-242\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri912\sb11\sl-242\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Uncountable nouns are
nouns which we cannot \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 count. They do not have
different plural forms. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Uncountable nouns
include:\par\pard\qj \li20\ri924\sb21\sl-244\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 a) many types of food: flour, yoghut, butter, meat, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 cheese, spaghetti, rice, sugar, etc.\par\pard\ql
\li35\sb27\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 b) liquids: cofee, lemonade,
oil, petrol, wine, water, etc.\par\pard\ql \li30\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 c) materials: crystal, wood, plastic, silver, china, glass,
etc.\par\pard\qj \li30\ri919\sb3\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 d)
abstract nouns: knowledge, beauty, justice, help, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
freedom, education, love. etc.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri914\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 e) others: research, luggage, baggage, hair, weather,
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 behaviour, advice, news, accommodation,
information, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 fun, equipment, litter, rubbish,
furniture, crockery, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 cutlery, jewellery, machinery,
money, etc.\par\pard\qj \li30\ri880\sb76\sl-242\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 We use the following nouns with uncountable \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 nouns to show quantity: a piece of cakelpaper/newsl \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 advicelinformation/furniture, a glass/bottle of water, a
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 jar of jam/honey, a rasher of bacon, a packet of ricel
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 tea, a loaf/slice of bread, a pot of yoghut/honey,
a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 pot/cup of tea, a kilo of meat, a tube of
toothpaste, a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bar of chocolate/soap, a can of soda, a
carton of milk. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a bowl of sugar/soup, etc.\par\pard\qj
\li54\ri879\sb0\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Some of the above nouns
can also be used with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 plural countable
nouns.\par\pard\ql \li54\sb27\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 e.g. a
kilo of tomatoes, a bowl of cherries
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 Nouns - Articles - Word
To\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 tion\par\pard\li1036\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Countable nouns:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Uncountable nouns:\par\pard\li1036\sb135\sl-
230\slmult0\fi57\tx5798 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u9830? can take singular or
plural verbs.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u9830? always take singular
verbs.\par\pard\li1036\sb29\sl-230\slmult0\fi302\tx6062
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. The window is open.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. Gold is more expensive than
silver.\par\pard\li1036\sb34\sl-230\slmult0\fi676\tx6436 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 The windows are open.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Milk
comes from cows.\par\pard\li1036\sb130\sl-230\slmult0\fi62\tx5807 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u9830? always go with a an the my. etc. in the
singular.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u9830? do not go with a/an/one/two,
etc.\par\pard\li1036\sb39\sl-230\slmult0\fi307\tx1703\tx6067 \dn2 \expndtw-
9\charscalex94 e.g.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 / paid the bill. This is my
pen.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. Wafer is good for
you.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5590\colsr160\colno2\colw6010\col
sr160\qj \li1104\ri105\sb85\sl-268\slmult0\tx1343 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\u9830? can be used alone or with some any many few in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 the plural.\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb28\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex96 e.g. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 / love apples.\par\pard\ql
\li1703\sb29\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 I bought some apples to
make a pie.\par\pard\qj \li969\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li969\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Some nouns can be used as countable or \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 uncountable, with a difference in meaning.\par\pard\ql
\li969\sb125\sl-230\slmult0\tx1161 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Would you like a glass of lemonade?\par\pard\qj
\li1171\ri626\sb2\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Tina can't see
without her g/asses. (spectacles) \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The vase is made of
glass, (the material)\par\pard\qj \li974\ri86\sb97\sl-263\slmult0\tx1166 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 He went to the
newsagent's to buy a paper, (newspaper) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 He
wrote my phone number on a piece of paper, (the\par\pard\ql \li1166\sb30\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex91 writing material)\par\pard\qj
\li1166\ri931\sb5\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Don't forget to
bring all the necessary papers \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100
(documents)\par\pard\ql \li979\sb115\sl-230\slmult0\tx1161 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Susan has got shot, dark
hair, (all the hair on her head)\par\pard\ql \li1180\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 There is a hair in my soup!\par\pard\qj
\li984\ri96\sb107\sl-259\slmult0\tx1180 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 I've bought an iron as a wedding gift for Tom and Jane,
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 (for ironing clothes)\par\pard\ql
\li1185\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 This chair is made of
iron, (the material)\par\pard\ql \li984\sb163\sl-230\slmult0\tx1175 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Vou shouldn't eat too
much chocolate.\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb35\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 We gave her a box of chocolates.\par\pard\ql \li988\sb158\sl-
230\slmult0\tx1175 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 Your room is a mess!\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb34\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 We haven't got enough room to put you up.
(space)\par\pard\qj \li988\ri1121\sb131\sl-264\slmult0\tx1171 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The table is made of wood,
(the material) \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 A lot of wolves live in the
woods, (forest)\par\pard\qj \li993\ri62\sb135\sl-259\slmult0\tx1180 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Mr Davis has a lot of
experience in accounting, (length \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex97 of time
doing it)\par\pard\qj \li1180\ri407\sb6\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 He had a few unpleasant experiences while living \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 abroad, (events)\par\pard\ql \li993\sb154\sl-230\slmult0\tx1180
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 I haven't
got any time to lose.\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb29\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 How many times did Rick phone? (occasions)\par\pard\ql
73 | Page\par\pard\column \qj \li77\ri1507\sb94\sl-263\slmult0\tx352 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u9830? can be used alone or
with some Iany/much I litle I \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 the/my,
etc.\par\pard\ql \li342\sb24\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g.
Don't forget to buy (some) coffee.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1503\sb103\sl-
263\slmult0\tx582 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Note: We use a/an, one/two, etc.
with uncountable \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 nouns such as coffee, tea,
soda, etc. when we\par\pard\qj \li567\ri1840\sb1\sl-263\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 order something in a restaurant, cafe, etc. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. We'll have three coffees, please.\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex103 A couple of, several, (a) few, many, a (good, large,
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 great) number of and both are used with
countable \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 nouns, e.g. a couple of friends. (Too)
much, (a) litle, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a great/good deal of, a
small/large amount/quantity \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 of are used with
uncountable nouns, e.g. a small \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 amount of money.
A lot of, lots of, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (hardly) any, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 some, no, plenty of are used with countable and \line
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 uncountable nouns, e.g. plenty of
friends/money\par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6076\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Compound Nouns\par\pard\qj \li6139\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Compound nouns are nouns that
are made of two \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 or more parts and are formed as
follows:\par\pard\ql \li409\sb120\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a)
noun \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 + noun. The plural is usually formed
by\par\pard\ql \li634\ri2162\sb16\sl-259\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
adding -s -es to the second noun. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g. ticket
inspector \u8212? ticket inspectors\par\pard\qj \li418\ri1224\sb101\sl-
259\slmult0\tx654 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 b) -ing form/adjective + noun. The
plural is formed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 by adding -s -es to the
noun.\par\pard\qj \li639\ri2171\sb2\sl-263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
e.g. swimming pool \u8212? swimming pools \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g.
greenhouse \u8212? greenhouses\par\pard\qj \li418\ri1221\sb97\sl-
264\slmult0\tx649 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 c) noun + in-law. The plural is
formed by adding -s \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 to the noun.\par\pard\ql
\li644\sb29\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 e.g. sister-in-law -*
sisters-in-law\par\pard\qj \li428\ri1215\sb102\sl-264\slmult0\tx659 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 d) noun + adverb. The plural is formed by adding
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 -s to the noun.\par\pard\ql \li649\sb29\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 e.g. runner-up -� runners-
up\par\pard\qj \li428\ri1211\sb107\sl-259\slmult0\tx664 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 e) verb + adverb particle. The plural is formed by
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 adding -s to the word.\par\pard\ql
\li654\sb29\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 e.g. breakthrough -*
breakthroughs \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg75}
6\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6276\colsr40\colno2\colw5444\colsr16
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 I^WH \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 Âr\up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 ticles - Word Formation\par\pard\ql \li1488\sb353\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex94 b*LLlO,ulo.l7l:luLul Voib\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 [:OLlUb'\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Vi'if lib-v;
sUiyiiUa vul> k-itiib- vvllli:\par\pard\qj \li1742\ri287\sb202\sl-
235\slmult0\tx1948 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 a)
nouns which refer to school subjects: economics, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 physics, mathematics (maths), politics, etc.\par\pard\ql
\li1747\sb24\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 b) nouns which refer to
sports: gymnastics, athletics.\par\pard\ql \li1958\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 bowls, etc.\par\pard\qj \li1747\ri278\sb6\sl-
240\slmult0\tx1963 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 c) nouns which refer to games:
billiards, dominoes, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
darts, draughts, etc.\par\pard\qj \li1756\ri263\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\tx1963 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 d) nouns which refer to illnesses: measles, mumps,
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 etc,\par\pard\ql \li1751\sb29\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e) the word news.\par\pard\qj \li1963\ri466\sb0\sl-
235\slmult0\tx2299 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. I think physics is a very
interesting subject. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The news isn't very
encouraging. I'm afraid.\par\pard\qj \li1761\ri247\sb96\sl-235\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 plural nouns when we talk about an amount of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 money, a time period, weight, distance, etc.\par\pard\ql
\li1761\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. Five hundred thousand
pounds was donated to\par\pard\ql \li2097\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 build a new hospital wing.\par\pard\qj
\li1761\ri239\sb96\sl-237\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 group nouns such
as jury, family, team, group, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 crew, crowd, class,
audience, committee, council, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 army, club, press,
government, company, etc. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 when we mean the group as a
unit. But we use \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 plural verbs when we mean the
individuals who \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 make up the group.\par\pard\ql
\li1766\sb24\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. The jury is ready to
give the verdict. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (We mean\par\pard\ql
\li2126\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the jury as a
unit.)\par\pard\qj \li2092\ri240\sb10\sl-235\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 The jury are all staying at the Park Hotel. \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex95 (We \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 mean the individual members of the
jury.)\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2303\sb29\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 VYl1 list
I'li'.uU vc-ib kuiiic- vvllli:\par\pard\qj \li1780\ri254\sb161\sl-
240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 nouns
such as: clothes, people, police, stairs, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (good)
looks, surroundings, outskirts, premises, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 earnings,
wages, cattle, poultry, etc.\par\pard\ql \li1780\ri234\sb0\sl-256\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. Designer clothes are rather expensive. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 nouns which refer to objects that consist of two \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 parts, such as: trousers, binoculars, shorts, shoes,
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 gloves, pyjamas, tights, glasses, earrings,
socks, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 scissors, etc.\par\pard\qj
\li1790\ri235\sb78\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We do not use a/an
or a number with these words. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 We use the phrase pair
of... instead.\par\pard\ql \li1790\ri1804\sb4\sl-230\slmult0\tx2145 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. Where are your gloves? \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 I was given a pair of gloves\par\pard\qj \li1550\sb0\sl-
\li2193\ri142\sb122\sl-211\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Fill in the
gaps with an appropriate noun + \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 of to indicate
quantity.\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1564\sb100\sl-
a ...carton/glasejug o \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 f... orange
juice\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1804\tx5361 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 cheese\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb33\sl-
2\charscalex100 a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 bread\par\pard\ql
\li1550\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1809\tx5452 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 coffee\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex146 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 74 | \up0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex157 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 5 a\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 water\par\pard\ql \li97\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx4096 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex153 6 a\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 wine\par\pard\ql
\li97\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3707 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex156 7 a\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 chocolate\par\pard\ql \li97\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx4000 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex159 8 a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 crisps\par\pard\ql
\li97\sb29\sl-207\slmult0\tx3985 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex156 9 a\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 honey\par\pard\ql \li20\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx4081 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 10 a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 meat\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
spaghetti\par\pard\ql \li20\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx4120 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136
12 a\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 flour\par\pard\ql \li6355\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
207\slmult0\tx827 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 n\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
Fill the gaps with a, an, or some where\par\pard\ql \li351\sb9\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 � necessary.\par\pard\ql \li6355\sb0\sl-235\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li635\ri933\sb67\sl-235\slmult0\tx2167 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
We had ...ton... delicious food last night. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 We
had ...a... delicious meal last night. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 There
is \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 beautiful furniture in that
shop.\par\pard\ql \li639\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx2176 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
There is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 beautiful table in that shop.\par\pard\ql
\li649\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx2881 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 I'm thirsty. I
need\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 drink.\par\pard\ql \li654\sb29\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2886 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 I'm thirsty. I need\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 water.\par\pard\ql \li649\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2910
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 She's just bought\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
expensive clothes.\par\pard\ql \li649\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2910 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 She's just bought\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
expensive dress\par\pard\ql \li126\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx654\tx2579 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 They booked\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 room in advance\par\pard\ql \li649\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2397 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 They booked\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 accommodation in advance.\par\pard\ql \li131\sb28\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 The band played\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 lovely
song.\par\pard\ql \li649\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2872 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
The band played\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 lovely music.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 We had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 heatwave last
week.\par\pard\ql \li654\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2161 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 We
had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 hot weather last week.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex102 I can't do this job alone. I need\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 assistant.\par\pard\ql \li664\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx3957
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 I can't do this job alone. I need\tab \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 help.\par\pard\ql \li136\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx669\tx2421 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He has got\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 heavy luggage to carry\par\pard\ql \li668\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2421 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He has got\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 heavy suitcase to carry\par\pard\ql \li59\sb28\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex106 need\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 cutlery to eat this
food with.\par\pard\ql \li668\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1979 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 I need\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 knife and fork to
eat this food with.\par\pard\ql \li64\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx673\tx2512 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex83 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 She has got\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 impotant job to do.\par\pard\ql \li668\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2512 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 She has got\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 important work to do.\par\pard\ql \li64\sb29\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 He found\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 coin on the
ground.\par\pard\ql \li673\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2296 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
He found\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 money on the ground.\par\pard\qj
\li803\ri855\sb15\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Complete the
sentences using the noun in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 brackets in the
singular or plural form and\par\pard\ql \li217\sb0\sl-200\slmult0\tx808 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 3 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100
,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 a/an where
necessary.\par\pard\ql \li6446\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li164\sb54\sl-
207\slmult0\tx419\tldot\tx4554 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 He gave me a box of my favourite
...chocolates\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li419\sb28\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (chocolate)\par\pard\ql \li150\sb28\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 His favourite food is\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
(chocolate)\par\pard\ql \li155\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx419\tx3025 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 She bought\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 on her way to work.\par\pard\ql \li424\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (paper)\par\pard\ql \li150\sb33\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 He placed all the impotant\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 in his\par\pard\ql \li424\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 briefcase, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
(paper)\par\pard\ql \li159\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx429\tx2915 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I need some\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 to write this message\par\pard\ql \li419\sb24\sl-
207\slmult0\tx731 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 on.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 (paper)\par\pard\ql \li159\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx429\tx4115
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Hurry up! We don't
have much\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex96 (time)\par\pard\ql \li164\sb38\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 She has visited us several\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 this month.\par\pard\ql \li438\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 (time)\par\pard\ql \li169\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx438\tx2795 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He has no\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 but he is keen to learn.\par\pard\ql \li443\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (experience)\par\pard\ql \li169\sb24\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 She had a lot of exciting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
during her\par\pard\ql \li433\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
travels, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (experience)
(3\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5533\colsr20\colno2\colw6207\colsr1
207\slmult0\tx1319\tx4622 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 We went for a
walk in the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 after lunch.\par\pard\ql
\li1339\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (wood)\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 His desk is made of\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
(wood)\par\pard\ql \li1017\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx1324\tx3686 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Jane is in her\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 reading a book, (room)\par\pard\ql \li1017\sb28\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 We have got plenty of \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 for
a party\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 m
here, (room)\par\pard\ql \li1022\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1338\tx3910 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 I am going to have my \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 cut tomorrow, (hair)\par\pard\ql \li1022\sb38\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 There was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 in my soup,
(hair)\par\pard\ql \li1031\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1343\tx4212 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 16\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 I'm thirsty. I need \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 of water, (glass)\par\pard\ql \li1031\sb19\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Susan only wears her \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 when
she\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 reads,
(glass)\par\pard\ql \li1036\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1338 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86
18\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 This ornament is made of
coloured\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
(glass)\par\pard\ql \li1036\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx1348\tx4173 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Helen bought \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 in the sale at the\par\pard\ql \li1027\ri0\sb14\sl-
230\slmult0\fi321\tx5107 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 electrical store, \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 (iron) \line \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 20 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 The old gate was made of \tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex97
(iron)\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb132\sl-368\slmult0\tx4105 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 Nouns - Articles - Word\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 IIY,? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 tion\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 6 M\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Underline the
correct word.\par\pard\ql \li1128\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li519\sb191\sl-
8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I have a Physics exam
tomorrow.\par\pard\qj \li505\ri1524\sb0\sl-238\slmult0\fi263\tx770 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Oh dear. Physics is/are a very
difficult subject. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2 \tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex78 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 My office is three miles from my
house.\par\pard\qj \li510\ri1567\sb1\sl-235\slmult0\fi263 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Three miles is/are a long way to
walk to work \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A:
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 My little brother has got measles.\par\pard\qj
\li510\ri1461\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82 B: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Oh dear. Measles is/are quite a serious illness. \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Jane looked nice today, didn't she?\par\pard\ql
\li514\ri1707\sb5\sl-230\slmult0\fi264 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex85 B: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Yes. Her clothes were/was very smat. \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 I've
got two pounds. I'm going to buy a CD.\par\pard\ql \li510\ri1471\sb0\sl-
236\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Two
pounds is/are not enough to buy a CD. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex81 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 The classroom was empty
when I walked past.\par\pard\qj \li519\ri1380\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\fi263 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Yes. The class was/were
all on a school outing. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex81 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Have you just cleaned the
stairs?\par\pard\qj \li519\ri1649\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes. so be careful. They is/are
very slippery. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Did you ask John to fix your
car?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5820\colsr160\colno2\colw5780\col
sr160\qj \li1751\ri181\sb0\sl-163\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Cross out
the expressions which cannot be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 used with the
nouns, as in the example.\par\pard\ql \li1128\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 There are several, many, jnuctf, plenty of, Jso-
WQe\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 things you
can do to help.\par\pard\ql \li1128\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1367 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 He has met a couple of, a few,
very little, plenty of,\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb24\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 too much interesting people.\par\pard\ql \li1132\sb33\sl-
She earns few, hardly any, plenty of, several, a great\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 deal of money.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 We have got no, many, lots of, a great deal of, a
few\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 work to
do.\par\pard\ql \li1142\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1382 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Don't worry, there's a little, plenty of, a
couple of,\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
many, a lot of time.\par\pard\ql \li1142\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1382 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Both, Several, A large quantity
of, Plenty of, Too\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
much students applied for the course.\par\pard\ql \li1142\sb28\sl-
He's got no, hardly any, a little, some, a small\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 amount of qualifications.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex111 She's got hardly any, several, a little, a few, a lot
of\par\pard\ql \li1387\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 experience
in dealing with customers.\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1382 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 There is too much, a
lot of, hardly any, few, several\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 salt in this soup.\par\pard\ql \li1089\sb23\sl-
There is a little, many, too much, a great number of,\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb29\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 some traffic on the roads
today.\par\pard\ql \li1123\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1123\sb0\sl-
What do we call the following things or\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb24\sl-
s,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18
people?\par\pard\ql \li1123\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1195\sb54\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1401\tldot\tx5007 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 A person who drives a bus is ...a bus
driver\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li1180\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1406
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 The screen of a
computer is\par\pard\ql \li1180\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1406 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The juice from an orange
is\par\pard\ql \li1180\sb19\sl-207\slmult0\tx1406 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
4\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A stick for walking with is\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 A cutain around the shower is\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb28\sl-
Someone who cleans windows is\par\pard\ql \li1190\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx1411
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Your husband's
mother is your\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1411 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A chair which rocks
is\par\pard\ql \li1185\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1411 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A brush for your hair is\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Someone who passes by a place or incident is\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-8\charscalex75 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 The keys to your house
are\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb79\sl-
Page\par\pard\column \qj \li97\ri1173\sb5\sl-230\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex82 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes.
His advice was/were that I take it to a garage. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Did you enjoy your
holiday?\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1207\sb1\sl-235\slmult0\fi345 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Yes. thank you. The weather
was/were wondeful. \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 10 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex81 A:
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 These trousers is/are very old.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex104 You should buy a new pair.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb24\sl-
8\charscalex81 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 How is/are the company doing
lately?\par\pard\ql \li25\ri1149\sb10\sl-235\slmult0\fi350 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Great. We opened up two more
branches. \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 12 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A: \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 I am going to travel for two years when I finish
school.\par\pard\ql \li380\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx645 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82
B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Two years is/are a long time to be away from
home.\par\pard\ql \li6748\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6748\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Finish the sentences, as in the
example.\par\pard\ql \li188\sb0\sl-163\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ',\par\pard\ql \li380\ri1658\sb222\sl-235\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 You need a lot of
experience to do this job. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 A lot of
experience ...is needed to do thi&jok... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 They gave us
some interesting information. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The
information\par\pard\qj \li390\ri1946\sb0\sl-238\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 She likes Maths more than any other subject. \line \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Maths\par\pard\qj \li390\ri2901\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 We had mild weather this winter. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 The weather\par\pard\qj \li390\ri2820\sb5\sl-235\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 We called the police immediately. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 The police\par\pard\qj \li400\ri2958\sb0\sl-238\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I told them some exciting news. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 The news\par\pard\qj \li409\ri2162\sb0\sl-233\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 He was irritated because of the bad traffic. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He was irritated because the\par\pard\qj
\li404\ri2158\sb0\sl-236\slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 stayed in very
luxurious accommodation. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The accommodation\par\pard\qj
\li404\ri2158\sb0\sl-234\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 The driver took the
luggage out of the car. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The luggage\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 She gave me very sensible advice.\par\pard\ql
\li409\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 The advice she gave
me\par\pard\ql \li78\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx419 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83
11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 These shorts are too big for me.\par\pard\ql
\li409\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 This pair of
shorts\par\pard\ql \li78\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx419 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex93
12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The hotel is in magnificent
surroundings.\par\pard\ql \li414\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
The hotel surroundings\par\pard\ql \li78\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx424 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex96 13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 She's got long blonde
hair.\par\pard\ql \li424\sb23\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Her hair
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Nou\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Ârticles - Word
Formation\par\pard\ql \li1488\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1488\sb46\sl-
368\slmult0\tx2294 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 Vlio\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 [lrIoiiuuo \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 /-Uiicle
lA7 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 t/Ui*\par\pard\ql \li1454\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We use
a/an:\par\pard\qj \li1545\ri463\sb91\sl-235\slmult0\tx1766 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 \u9830? with singular countable nouns when we talk about
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 them in general.\par\pard\qj
\li1545\ri1694\sb0\sl-278\slmult0\fi225 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 / wanf o buy a dress, (any dress) \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 \u9830? with the verbs to be and have (got).\par\pard\ql
\li1550\ri460\sb0\sl-271\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 e.g. Mary has
(got) a dog. It's a German Shepherd. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u9830?
before Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms when we refer to an unknown\par\pard\ql \li1780\sb10\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 person.\par\pard\qj \li1776\ri449\sb5\sl-
230\slmult0\tx2131 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g. A Mrs Jones called you this
morning. (A person that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 we don't
know.)\par\pard\qj \li1555\ri455\sb73\sl-235\slmult0\tx1780 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 \u9830? to show: a) price in relation to weight (two pounds
a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 kilo), b) distance in relation to speed
(80km an hour)\par\pard\qj \li1468\ri2003\sb0\sl-303\slmult0\fi316 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 and c) frequency (twice a week). \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 We do not use a/an:\par\pard\qj \li1564\ri456\sb67\sl-
235\slmult0\tx1790 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u9830? with uncountable nouns or
plural countable nouns. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We use some instead
of a/an.\par\pard\qj
\li1790\ri1392\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\tx2155 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 e.g. We need
some milk and some flour. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 They bought some
flowers.\par\pard\qj \li1569\ri547\sb68\sl-235\slmult0\tx1795 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \u9830? before an adjective if it is not followed by a
noun. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. This ring is
expensive.\par\pard\column \ql \li11481\sb0\sl-46\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li6782\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li260\sb290\sl-
368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 -
Ouo/Ouob-\par\pard\ql \li6542\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6542\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 narration.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1111\sb0\sl-
268\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. One summer, the family decided
to go to Tahiti. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 One Tuesday, Kate was
walking home from work. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 We can use one day to
refer to the future.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb20\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. One day, you will regret this.\par\pard\qj
\li25\ri1081\sb93\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 We use one or one
of ... when we mean one \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 person/thing out of
many. It usually contrasts with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 another
other(s).\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1379\sb14\sl-235\slmult0\tx395 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. One bus was full, but the others were empty. \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 One of my colleagues is from Italy.\par\pard\qj
\li30\ri1076\sb87\sl-242\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We use a an or one
with no difference in meaning \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 when counting or
measuring distance, weight, time, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
etc.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb27\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 / paid alone hundred pounds for this
bracelet.\par\pard\ql \li399\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 We
bought alone caton of milk.\par\pard\ql \li404\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 They spent alone month cruising down the
Nile.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6152\colsr160\colno2\colw5448\co
lsr160\ql \li1800\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 But: This is an
expensive ring\par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-235\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1800\sb0\sl-
235\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1800\ri201\sb20\sl-235\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 We use a an to refer to an unspecified thing with \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 the meaning any one'. We use one when we are \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 counting, to put emphasis on number.\par\pard\ql
\li1800\sb19\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. He bought a tie.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (We are not talking about a\par\pard\ql
\li2155\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 specific tie.)\par\pard\ql
\li1804\ri190\sb0\sl-265\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. He bought one
tie. (He didn't buy two ties.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 We use one with
the words day, week, month, year, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 winter,
morning, night, etc. or with a specific day or \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
month to say when something happened, usually in\par\pard\ql \li1540\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in a, an, one or ones.\par\pard\ql
207\slmult0\tx1799\tldot\tx2852\tx5783 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 I'm making\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 :... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sandwich. Would you like\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ?\par\pard\ql \li1540\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3777 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 2 There was only\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sandwich
left. All the others\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb23\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 had been eaten.\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3311\tx5135 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 3 We saw\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 giraffe and\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 alligator
at\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the
zoo.\par\pard\ql \li1545\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx5145 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 4
These biscuits are nicer than the\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 I
normally\par\pard\ql \li1804\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
buy.\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx3652 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 5
She paid\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 thousand pounds for her
car.\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx3278 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 day, I will buy a house of my
own.\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx3297\tx5073 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 7 I'd love\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 car like
that\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 over there.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? We use one in the singular and ones in the
plural to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 avoid repeating the noun when it
is clear what we\par\pard\ql \li288\sb35\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 mean.\par\pard\ql \li29\ri1047\sb0\sl-305\slmult0\fi249
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g. My house is the one with the red front door.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u9830? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 We use a/an
with one when there is an adjective\par\pard\ql \li288\sb14\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 before one.\par\pard\ql \li283\ri1068\sb11\sl-
240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. I want to buy a jacket. I want a
leather one. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 BUT: I want to buy a jacket. I
want one with a fur collar.\par\pard\ql \li29\sb138\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \u9830? We use one/ones with this/that.\par\pard\qj
\li34\ri1187\sb0\sl-304\slmult0\fi254 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g. I don't
like this pair of shoes, but I like that one. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \u9830?
We use which one(s) in questions.\par\pard\ql \li293\sb21\sl-207\slmult0\tx648 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 / like the yellow
blouse best. Which one do you\par\pard\ql \li648\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 like?\par\pard\ql \li6312\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex101 of my brothers is\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
policeman.\par\pard\ql \li96\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2208 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 9 I'm looking for\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dress.
I'd like a blue\par\pard\ql \li20\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1887 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 10 I heard\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 amusing joke
yesterday.\par\pard\ql \li24\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx466\tx4229 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 like these three pairs of
trousers. Which\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 do\par\pard\ql \li360\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 you like best?\par\pard\qj
\li29\ri957\sb0\sl-249\slmult0\tx375\tx2243 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 12 Simon
enjoys swimming. He goes to his local pool \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
three times \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 week.\par\pard\ql \li29\sb29\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2506 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 13 I'm tired. I need\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 rest.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1392 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Mr Green came to see
you. He's waiting\par\pard\ql \li375\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 in your office.\par\pard\ql \li34\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx2122
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 15 We had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 exciting
holiday. It was better\par\pard\ql \li370\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1983 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 than the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 we had last year.
m\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5442\colsr20\colno2\colw6298\colsr16
\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 Vlio Dotllilio \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
/-Uitclo llie\par\pard\qj \li1233\sb0\sl-237\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li1233\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 with nouns when we are talking about something
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 specific, that is, when the noun is mentioned
for a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 second time or is already known. In other
words, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 when we can answer the question 'Who?' or
'Which?' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
e.g. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 / bought a shit and a dress. The dress is blue
and\par\pard\ql \li1617\sb23\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 the shit
is green.\par\pard\qj \li1243\ri1578\sb101\sl-235\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 with nouns which are unique. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. the sun, the Eiffel Tower\par\pard\qj
\li1248\ri0\sb90\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 with the names of
cinemas (the Rex), hotels (the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Carlton). theatres (the
Globe), museums (the British \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Museum),
newspapers/magazines \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (the Times but: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Time magazine), ships (the Mary Rose), organisations
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (the EU), galleries (the Tate Gallery)\par\pard\qj
\li1257\ri0\sb92\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 with the names of
rivers (the Nile), seas (the Caspian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Sea),
groups of islands (the Canary Islands), mountain\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Nouns - Articles - Word\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex148 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 oim \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 tion\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Wu liu uol l!bx- Mil-:\par\pard\qj
\li452\ri1326\sb196\sl-230\slmult0\tx721 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u9830? with
uncountable and plural countable nouns when \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
talking about something in general, that is, when\par\pard\qj \li716\ri1330\sb6\sl-
235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 we cannot answer the question 'Who?' or
'Which?'. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. Fish live in water.\par\pard\ql
\li462\ri1325\sb12\sl-331\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u9830? with proper
nouns, e.g. Mark lives in Brighton. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \u9830? with
the names of sports, games, activities, days,\par\pard\qj \li730\ri1321\sb0\sl-
235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 months, celebrations, colours, drinks,
meals and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 languages (when they are not followed by the
word \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 'language'), e.g. / often play chess. We speak
German, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 but: The German language is difficult to
learn.\par\pard\ql \li471\sb108\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 \u9830?
with the names of countries \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 (Italy, but:
the\par\pard\qj \li730\ri1307\sb6\sl-236\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Netherlands, the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Vatican City), \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 cities \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (Paris), streets
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (Oxford Street, but: the High \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Street, the Strand, the Mall, the London road, the A19.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the M6 motorway), squares (Trafalgar Square),
bridges\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5758\colsr160\colno2\colw5842\
colsr160\qj \li1257\ri252\sb3\sl-238\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
ranges (the Alps), deserts (me Sahara Deset), oceans \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
(the Atlantic), canals \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (the Panama Canal),
countries \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 when they include words such as state,
Kingdom, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 republic, etc. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
(the United Kingdom) and names or \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 nouns with 'of
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (the Leaning Tower of Pisa)\par\pard\qj
\li1262\ri238\sb0\sl-235\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 NOTE: the
equator, the Noth/South Pole, the north of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 England,
the southlwestlnothleast\par\pard\qj \li1267\ri259\sb88\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 with the names of musical instruments and dances. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. the piano, the tango\par\pard\qj
\li1267\ri239\sb88\sl-238\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 with the names
of families \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 (the Windsors), and \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 nationalities ending in -sh, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
-ch or -ese \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (the French, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 the Scottish, the Japanese, etc.). Other plural \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 nationalities are used with or without the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 (oe \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Americans, the
Greeks, etcj\par\pard\qj \li1276\ri240\sb91\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 with titles \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 (the King, the
Prince of Wales, the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 President)\par\pard\qj
\li1286\ri233\sb39\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 BUT: 'The' is
omitted before titles with proper \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 names. Queen
Victoria\par\pard\qj \li1281\ri239\sb93\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
with adjectives/adverbs in the superlative form. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g.
He's the most respected man in the firm.\par\pard\qj \li1286\ri228\sb6\sl-
244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 BUT: When 'most' is followed by a noun, it
does not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 take 'the'.\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb22\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. Most children like
catoons.\par\pard\ql \li1291\sb120\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 with
the words morning, afternoon, evening and\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb9\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 night.\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 e.g. We eat dinner in the evening, but: at night,
at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 noon, at midnight, by day/night, at 4 o'clock, etc.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 with historical periods/events, the Middle Ages,
the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Crimean War (but: World War II)\par\pard\qj
\li1300\ri220\sb91\sl-235\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 with the words
oniy, last, first (used as adjectives). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. He was
the first person to arrive.\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li729\sb89\sl-276\slmult0\tx1166\tx1348 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 77\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 |\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex149 Page\par\pard\column \qj \li284\ri1294\sb3\sl-
238\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (Tower
Bridge but: the Bridge of Sighs, the Humber \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Bridge),
parks (Hyde Park), railway stations (Victoria \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
Station), mountains \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (Sen Nevis), individual islands
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva), continents
(Africa)\par\pard\ql \li20\sb115\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\u9830? with possessive adjectives or the possessive case.\par\pard\ql
\li289\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. That is my
car.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1290\sb96\sl-235\slmult0\tx308 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \u9830? with two-word names when the first word is the
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 name of a person or place Gatwick Airpot,
Windsor\par\pard\qj \li294\ri1295\sb5\sl-235\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
Castle BUT: the White House (because 'White' is not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
the name of a person or place)\par\pard\qj \li34\ri1293\sb93\sl-
240\slmult0\tx313 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \u9830? with names of pubs,
restaurants, shops, banks and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 hotels named
after the people who started them\par\pard\qj \li298\ri1293\sb7\sl-232\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 and end in -s or -'s. (Lloyds Bank, Harrods, Dave's \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Pub but: oe Red Lion (pub) (because Red' is not the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 name of a person or place)\par\pard\qj
the words bed, church, college, court, \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
hospital, prison, school, university when we refer\par\pard\ql \li44\ri1276\sb0\sl-
251\slmult0\fi259\tx313\tx318\tx308 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 to the purpose for
which they exist. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. Sarah went to school.
(She is a student.) \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 BUT: Her father went to
the school to see her teacher \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 yesterday.
(He went to the school as a visitor.) \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u9830?
with the word work (= place of work).\par\pard\ql \li308\sb21\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 e.g. He is at work.\par\pard\qj \li44\ri1273\sb60\sl-
280\slmult0\tx327 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u9830? with the words home,
Father/Mother when we talk \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 about our own
home/parents, e.g. Father is at home. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \u9830?
with by + means of transport: by bus car train\par\pard\ql \li54\ri1288\sb0\sl-
269\slmult0\fi259\tx332 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 plane, etc. e.g. She travelled
by bus. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 BUT: She left on the 8 o'clock bus
this morning. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \u9830? with the names of
illnesses, e.g. He's got malaria.\par\pard\qj \li322\ri1263\sb0\sl-
234\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 but: flu/the flu, measles/the measles,
mumps/the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 mumps
\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart
Pg79}{\bkmkend Pg79}\ql \li10704\sb320\sl-824\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex86 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs88 6? \par\pard\ql
NounÂrticles - Word
Formation\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6070\colsr160\colno2\colw553
0\colsr160\ql \li1459\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1459\sb204\sl-
NOTE:\par\pard\qj \li1766\ri264\sb99\sl-238\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 We
use the with the words beach, station, cinema, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
theatre, coast, country(side), ground, jungle, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
seaside, weather, world, shop, library, city, sea \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (BUT
to be at sea = to be sailing), etc.\par\pard\ql \li1766\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. Let's go to the beach\par\pard\qj
\li2140\ri682\sb6\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 We spent the weekend
in the countryside. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The weather is awful
today.\par\pard\qj \li1771\ri292\sb20\sl-326\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 We usually don't use the with the word television. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. I like watching television in the
evenings.\par\pard\ql \li1776\sb13\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 BUT:
Turn on the television, please, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (the
television\par\pard\ql \li2208\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
set)\par\pard\ql \li1776\ri242\sb76\sl-254\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
The is optional with seasons. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. My favourite
season is (the) spring. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 We use the + adjective
to refer to a group of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 people usually with the
adjectives: poor, rich, sick, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 injured, elderly,
unemployed, homeless, disabled, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 young, old,
dead, blind, deaf, handicapped, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mentally
ill.\par\pard\ql \li1790\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g. The
young are usually impatient.\par\pard\qj \li1790\ri233\sb90\sl-244\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 When we refer to a group of people, animals or \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 things we use:\par\pard\qj \li1814\ri595\sb0\sl-
235\slmult0\tx2006 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 1 a/an or the with singular
countable nouns. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. A/The dolphin is a
clever creature.\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb119\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 2 plural countable nouns without a/an or
the.\par\pard\ql \li2006\ri613\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx2328 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. Dolphins are clever creatures. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (NOT: The dolphino ore olcvcr ofcoturco.)\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Fill in the gaps with one of the words from \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Q the list adding 'oe' where necessary.
Use\par\pard\ql \li1876\ri1612\sb0\sl-294\slmult0\tx2160 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 * each word twice. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 prison, school, bed. sea. hospital\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 The minute we reached the beach,
the children ran\par\pard\ql \li1804\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 into ...the sea... to swim.\par\pard\ql \li1550\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0\tx5687 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 2 My brother is in the navy. He is
at\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 for\par\pard\ql \li1809\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 months sometimes.\par\pard\ql \li1555\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4113 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 3 I usually go to\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 at about 11 pm to get a\par\pard\ql \li1809\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 good night's sleep.\par\pard\ql
\li1555\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 4 The cat is sitting
on\par\pard\ql \li1560\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx5159 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 5
The Prime Minister visited\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
yesterday\par\pard\ql \li1809\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 and
talked to the prisoners.\par\pard\qj \li1560\ri1382\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx1819
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 6 The men who robbed the bank are in \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 now.\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 7 The ambulance took the injured people to\par\pard\ql
\li1560\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3926 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 8 I must go
to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 to visit my aunt. She's had\par\pard\ql
\li1814\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 an
operation.\par\pard\qj \li1564\ri125\sb6\sl-240\slmult0\tx1823 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 9 We saw the children in their classrooms as we walked
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 past\par\pard\ql \li1492\sb23\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 10 I want to go to university when I
leave\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb151\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 10a Choose the correct
alternative.\par\pard\ql \li6230\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li106\sb167\sl-
Catherine loves cats/the cats.\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1077\sb7\sl-
239\slmult0\fi72\tx102\tx102\tx112\tx107\tx112\tx112\tx112\tx352 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Look at cats/the cats.' They are
chasing a bird. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 I don't like coffee/the coffee, but I like tea/the tea
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 You cut the
cake/cake and I'll pour coffee/the coffee \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
5 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Life/The life will be very different in the future.
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 6 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Life/The
life of a mayfly is extremely short. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 I enjoy swimming/the swimming in the sea. \line
\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Children/The
children usually like playing games. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Children/The children have gone to the park \line \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 10 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 All people/the people in
this room are my relatives. \line \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 11 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 All people/the people should have freedom of speech
\line \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 12 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Villages/The
villages in this part of the country are\par\pard\ql \li356\sb28\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 very beautiful.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb33\sl-
Breakfast/The breakfast is the most important meal of\par\pard\ql \li356\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 day/the day\par\pard\qj
\li30\ri1120\sb0\sl-242\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Paul was only/the only person who remembered me. \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 15 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 In Stone Age/the Stone Age.
people lived in caves. \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 16 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
I would like to travel to Spain/the Spain\par\pard\qj \li34\ri2031\sb0\sl-
240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 17 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 We
travelled to London by train/the train \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 18 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 He is learning to play flute/the flute\par\pard\ql
\li308\sb31\sl-207\slmult0\tx774 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 |\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Fill in a, an or oe where necessary.\par\pard\ql
\li6335\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li140\sb105\sl-207\slmult0\tx380\tx644
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Shall we go to ...thai., cinema tonight?\par\pard\ql
\li385\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx644\tx3798 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 B:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Yes. It's a long time since I saw\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 film.\par\pard\ql \li125\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx385\tx649\tx3145 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex76 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Have you ever been to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Copenhagen9\par\pard\ql \li385\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx644\tx2530 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex83 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Yes. I think it's\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 prettiest city in Europe.\par\pard\ql \li125\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx380\tx654\tx2559 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Did you see all\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 sights in Paris?\par\pard\ql \li390\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0\tx649\tx2041\tx3956 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 Yes. but\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Eiffel Tower and\tab
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Louvre\par\pard\ql \li644\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 were my favourites.\par\pard\ql \li135\sb28\sl-
8\charscalex88 A\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 What did you have for\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 lunch today9\par\pard\ql \li394\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx745\tx1758\tx3375 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 B\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 had\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 sandwich in\tab
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 office canteen\par\pard\ql \li135\sb38\sl-
8\charscalex92 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Do you buy\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 newspaper every day9\par\pard\ql \li399\sb28\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Yes. I usually buy\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
Independent and my\par\pard\ql \li654\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2219 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 wife reads\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
Times.\par\pard\ql \li140\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx399\tx668\tx2387 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 Danny plays\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 golf very well,
doesn't he9\par\pard\qj \li145\ri1203\sb0\sl-238\slmult0\fi259 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex86 B \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Yes, he practises every weekend with
his friends \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex88 A \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Which station are you meeting John at9\par\pard\ql
\li409\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1402\tx3745 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 B\tab \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 Waterloo Station. It's\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
big place.\par\pard\ql \li759\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
hope I find him easily.\par\pard\ql \li150\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx409\tx668 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Are you going on holiday this summer?\par\pard\ql
\li414\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx668\tx3169 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 B:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Yes. We've booked\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 holiday
for three\par\pard\ql \li154\ri1985\sb0\sl-243\slmult0\fi513\tx2219 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 weeks in\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Canary
Islands. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex76 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 What did you see on your tour today?\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Buckingham Palace and\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Houses\par\pard\ql \li673\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of
Parliament.\par\pard\ql \li77\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx414\tx1489 \up0 \expndtw-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Duponts. who live next door to us. are\par\pard\ql
\li682\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 French.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 French are very friendly people, aren't
they9\par\pard\ql \li82\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx419\tx678\tx1734 \up0 \expndtw-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 That's\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 beautiful dress.
Where did you get it?\par\pard\ql \li423\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx687\tx1460\tx3193
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex80 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex84 In\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 summer sale at\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Harrods.
actually.\par\pard\ql \li82\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx419\tx678\tx2867 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex95 12\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 Who is going to open\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 new shopping
centre?\par\pard\ql \li423\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx783\tx2290 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex83 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 heard that\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Queen is going to do it.
\u9632?\par\pard\li868\sb0\sl-288\slmult0\fi0\tx2016 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 Noun\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 ^"Articles - Word Formation\par\pard\li868\sb0\sl-
1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf35\f36\fs8 -i\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
(\u9632?>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex162 -<\u9632?>\par\pard\li868\sb0\sl-
w\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex144 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
LIU\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36
tou\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6607\colsr160\colno2\colw4993\cols
r160\qj \li1550\ri206\sb216\sl-244\slmult0\tx1838 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? Prefixes are syllables which we add before
certain \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 words to form new words. The
meaning of the new\par\pard\qj \li1838\ri503\sb0\sl-306\slmult0\tx2866\tx4531
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 word depends on the prefix that has been used.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 anti-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
against \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g. antisocial\par\pard\ql
\li1848\sb18\sl-207\slmult0\tx2875\tx4540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 bl-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 two\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g.
biannual\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2870\tx4540 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 co-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 with\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 e.g. co-driver\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2879\tx4540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 ex-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 previous, former\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g. ex-
husband\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx2879\tx4540 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 inter-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 between\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. international\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2875 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 mis-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 done wrongly or\par\pard\ql \li2884\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 badly\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. misbehave\par\pard\ql \li1852\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2875\tx4540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 mono-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 one\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g.
monorail\par\pard\ql \li1852\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx2879\tx4545 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 multl-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 many\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. multinational\par\pard\ql \li1857\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2884\tx4545 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 non-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 not\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. non-
fiction\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx2884\tx4545 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 out-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 more, better\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. outnumber\par\pard\ql \li1848\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2894 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 ovsr-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 (done) to a great\par\pard\ql \li2889\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4550 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 extent\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. overwork\par\pard\ql \li1857\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2884\tx4550 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 post-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 after\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 e.g.
postdate\par\pard\ql \li2894\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx4550 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 before\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g.
prehistoric\par\pard\ql \li1862\sb13\sl-244\slmult0\tx2894\tx4555 \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 pro-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 in favour of\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. pro-government\par\pard\ql \li1867\sb36\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2889\tx4555 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 re-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 again\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 e.g.
redecorate\par\pard\ql \li1867\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx2894\tx4555 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 seml-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 half\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. semi-final\par\pard\ql \li1871\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2898\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 sub-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 under, less\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g.
submarine\par\pard\ql \li1871\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2898\tx4559 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 super-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 big, more\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 e.g. superhuman\par\pard\ql \li1867\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2908 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 trans-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (travel) from one\par\pard\ql \li2903\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 side, group etc to\par\pard\ql
\li2903\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx4564 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 another\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. transcontinental\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2903\tx4564 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 under-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 not enough\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 e.g.
undercooked\par\pard\ql \li1598\sb206\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 \u9830? The prefixes below are used \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 to express opposite\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb48\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 meanings.\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb129\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2611
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 de-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 e.g. defrost,
decompose\par\pard\ql \li1876\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx2615 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 dls-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. dishonest,
dislike\par\pard\ql \li1881\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx2615 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 In-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g. indirect,
independent\par\pard\ql \li1881\sb138\sl-207\slmult0\tx2951 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 BUT: II-\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (before I)
e.g. illogical\par\pard\ql \li2635\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
Inv (before m, p)\par\pard\ql \li1896\ri1515\sb0\sl-
278\slmult0\fi1046\tx2635\tx2630\tx2626 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. immoral,
impractical \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Ir-\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
(before r) e.g. irresponsible \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 but:
unreliable, unreasonable \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 non-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 e.g. non-smoker, non-stop\par\pard\ql \li1896\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2630 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 un-\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. unacceptable, unemployed\par\pard\qj
Suffixes are syllables which we add to the end of \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 certain words to form new words.\par\pard\qj
Nouns referring to people \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 \u8226? verb +
sr/or/ar\par\pard\qj \li1920\ri595\sb0\sl-247\slmult0\fi201 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. teach - teacher, sail - sailor, beg - beggar \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \u8226? noun/verb/adjective + 1st\par\pard\ql
\li2131\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. motor - motorist,
tour - tourist, national - nationalist\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 79 | \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex149 Page\par\pard\column
\ql \li7065\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li318\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u8226? verb +
ant/ent\par\pard\qj \li323\ri1098\sb17\sl-244\slmult0\fi196 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. contest - contestant, study - student \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \u8226? noun + an/Ian\par\pard\qj \li323\ri907\sb0\sl-
253\slmult0\fi201 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. republic - republican, library
- librarian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 \u8226? verb + ee (passive
meaning).\par\pard\ql \li525\sb35\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g.
train \u9632? trainee\par\pard\qj \li20\ri2262\sb87\sl-345\slmult0\tx309\tx1044
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \u9830? Nouns formed from verbs \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 -age \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. pack -
package\par\pard\ql \li299\sb24\sl-207\slmult0\tx1048 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
-al\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. refuse - refusal\par\pard\ql
\li299\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx1048 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 -ance\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 e.g. accept - acceptance\par\pard\ql \li304\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1048 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 -atlon\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. realise - realisation\par\pard\ql \li299\sb24\sl-
-\u8226?nee\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 e.g.
differ - difference\par\pard\ql \li299\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\tx1053 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 -km\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 e.g. revise - revision\par\pard\ql \li308\sb40\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1057 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 -ment\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. en/oy - enjoyment\par\pard\ql \li304\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1057 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 -slon\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. comprehend -\par\pard\ql \li1053\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 comprehension\par\pard\ql \li1072\sb57\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (verbs ending in -d/-t)\par\pard\ql
\li308\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1062 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 -sis\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. hypnotise - hypnosis\par\pard\qj \li40\ri1665\sb0\sl-
346\slmult0\fi273\tx1062 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 -ton\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g. prescribe - prescription \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \u9830? Nouns formed from adjectives\par\pard\ql
\li318\sb104\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 -ance e.g. impotant -
impotance\par\pard\ql \li313\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1072 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 -cy\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. vacant -
vacancy\par\pard\ql \li323\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 -ence
e.g. competent \u9632? competence\par\pard\ql \li318\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx1072
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 -on\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. desolate -
desolation\par\pard\ql \li323\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
-nsss e.g. lonely - loneliness\par\pard\ql \li323\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx1077
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 -ity\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 e.g. formal
\u9632? formality\par\pard\ql \li323\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx1077 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 -ty\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. loyal -
loyalty\par\pard\qj \li54\ri1974\sb0\sl-349\slmult0\fi268\tx1077 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 -y\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. modest -
modesty \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \u9830? Adjectives formed from
nouns\par\pard\ql \li333\sb104\sl-207\slmult0\tx1773 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
-ous\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. fame - famous\par\pard\qj
\li1768\ri1195\sb2\sl-263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. addition
\u9632? additional \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. hero - heroic\par\pard\qj
\li693\ri1138\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\fi1080\tx1773 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g.
expense - expensive \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (with) \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. care - careful\par\pard\ql \li827\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1777 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 (without)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 e.g. care - careless\par\pard\ql \li337\sb101\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1782 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 -y\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
e.g. health - healthy\par\pard\qj \li342\ri1566\sb0\sl-323\slmult0\tx1782 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex94 -�y\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. friend \u9632?
friendly \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Adjectives formed from verbs\par\pard\ql
\li357\sb117\sl-207\slmult0\tx1101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 -able\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g. like - likeable\par\pard\ql \li352\sb52\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 -Ibis\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. defend \u9632? defensible\par\pard\qj
-rve\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. conclude - conclusive \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Verbs formed from adjectives\par\pard\ql \li352\sb98\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1101 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 -en\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. light - lighten\par\pard\ql \li1096\sb53\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. legal - legalise
16\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \}\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Add the correct prefixes to the words
in\par\pard\ql \li1281\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 0 bold.\par\pard\ql \li1065\sb160\sl-
1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Kate is now doing a ...pi 9t... graduate
degree.\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2767 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
2 Mr Bell is an \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 -teacher. He retired ten years
ago.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx2618 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 3
This is an \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 national company. It has offices
all\par\pard\ql \li1300\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 over the
world.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb253\sl-345\slmult0\tx4105 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Nouns - Articles - Word\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 orrre \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 tion\par\pard\ql \li993\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 ?LlUUOll Lli\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 V.V. c\par\pard\qj \li993\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Both my
brother-in-laws work in a bank. X \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Both my brothers-in-
law work in a bank. / \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Two aircrafts are flying in the
sky.
X\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5811\colsr160\colno2\colw5789\colsr1
60\ql \li1051\sb0\sl-158\slmult0\tx2635 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 4 Sharon
is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 weight for her age and height.
She\par\pard\ql \li1300\sb27\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 eats very
little.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx2798 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
5 John is very\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 -social. He is often rude to
people.\par\pard\ql
\li1055\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx2198 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 6 The\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 -finals of the championship are next week.\par\pard\ql
\li1060\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2510 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 7 You can\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 book a vegetarian meal on this flight.\par\pard\ql
\li1065\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3206 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 8 The men tried
to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 code the secret message.\par\pard\ql
\li1065\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx2995 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 9 The
restaurant\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 charged us by �20 for our
meal.\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 but we
refused to pay until they had checked the bill.\par\pard\ql \li993\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4795 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 10 When you've finished reading,
please\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 place the\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 books on the shelves.\par\pard\ql
\li1094\sb113\sl-207\slmult0\tx1761 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex93 4 m\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Add the correct prefixes to form the\par\pard\ql
\li1339\sb1\sl-206\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 jP opposite of the
words in bold.\par\pard\ql \li1012\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1089\sb76\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1324\tldot\tx2200\tx2519 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He s an\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 '\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 interesting person. In fact,
he's rather\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
boring.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx4281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
2 Driving a car without a licence is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
legal.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx2611 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
3 I'm afraid I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 agree with what you just
said.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3686 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 4
I can't do this puzzle. It's\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 possible!\par\pard\ql
\li1080\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2822 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 5 The cake
was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 resistible, so she ate three
pieces.\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx3427 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
6 The waiting room is a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 smoking
area.\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2155 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 7
He is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 literate. He can t read or
write.\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2092 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
8 I am\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 decisive about where to go on
holiday.\par\pard\ql \li1080\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx3762 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 9 The telephone company\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
connected the phone\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 when he failed to pay the bill.\par\pard\ql
\li1012\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3153 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 10 His comment
was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 relevant to our discussion.\par\pard\ql
\li1795\sb152\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Fill in the correct form
of the words in\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb0\sl-192\slmult0\tx1795 \up0 \expndtw-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 brackets.\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1075\sb129\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A Sophie
can be very 1) ...careless... \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (care) at
times.\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx4036 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Although she tries to be 2)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 (help) and is
always\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx3657 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
willing to offer her 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (assist), more often
than\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx2875 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
not her \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 (clumsy)
causes great \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5)\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (frustrate) to her family and
friends.\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb158\sl-207\slmult0\tx2587 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 B The 1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (organise) of
the firework display had\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 been a difficult job. but now the children were
shrieking\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx2687\tx4977 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 with 2)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (excite) as each 3)\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (colour)\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb37\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (explode) lit up the sky. In the warm glow
of\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the bonfire
we could see that every child wore an\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2198\tx4463 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (express) of great 6)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
(happy).\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb148\sl-207\slmult0\tx3911 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 C We are having an \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex87
1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 (extend) built to our\par\pard\ql
\li1377\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3258 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 house. The
2)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (build) have been working on\par\pard\ql
\li1377\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1617\tx2601 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 its\tab \up0
\expndtw-7\charscalex100 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (construct) for two
weeks and now it\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx3162 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 looks quite 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (impress).
The extra space will\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2836 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 be very 5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
(use).\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li729\sb26\sl-
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li346\ri2131\sb0\sl-274\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Two aircraft are flying in
the sky. \u8226? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 My favourite TV series are
'Eastenders'. X \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 My favourite TV series is Eastenders'.
/ \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Could you help me carry my luggages? X \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Could you help me carry my luggage? / \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 What are the latest news? x\par\pard\ql \li356\sb23\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 What is the latest news? /\par\pard\qj
\li356\ri1632\sb61\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Two kilometres are a
long way to go on foot, x \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Two kilometres is a long way
to go on foot. /\par\pard\qj \li365\ri2010\sb30\sl-273\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 The police is after the escaped pisoners. X \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 The police are after the escaped prisoners. / \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 The most of my friends live nearby. X\par\pard\qj
\li375\ri2908\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Most of my friends
live nearby. / \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He goes to work by the train. X \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He goes to work by train. /\par\pard\qj
\li375\ri2487\sb58\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 The robbers were
taken to the court. X \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 The robbers were taken to court.
/\par\pard\ql \li5971\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li5971\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Correct the mistakes.\par\pard\ql \li5971\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 We lost our luggages at the
airpot.\par\pard\ql \li92\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 2 We
went to Bath by the car.\par\pard\ql \li92\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 3 The police is searching for the stolen
painting.\par\pard\ql \li92\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 4
Twenty kilometres are too far to travel to school.\par\pard\ql \li96\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 5 A very reliable means of transport are
the tram.\par\pard\ql \li92\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 6 The
criminal was sentenced to ten years in the prison.\par\pard\ql \li96\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 7 Two hovercrafts almost collided at sea
yesterday.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 8 I
have three sister-in-laws.\par\pard\ql \li96\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 9 The most people enjoy listening to music.\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 10 The news are on TV at six
o'clock every evening.\par\pard\ql \li6047\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Cross out the unnecessary word.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 She likes all the kinds
of films.\par\pard\ql \li111\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 2
There is a great film on the TV tonight.\par\pard\ql \li116\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 3 Millions of people were killed in the World War
II.\par\pard\ql
\li106\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 4 I spent a week looking
for an accommodation.\par\pard\ql \li111\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 5 Jason is at the work. He'll be back at six
o'clock.\par\pard\ql \li121\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 6 I
want a new car. I want one car with a sunroof.\par\pard\ql \li121\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 7 A lot of children learn the English
nowadays.\par\pard\ql \li125\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 8 She
is seriously ill. She's got the malaria.\par\pard\qj \li121\ri1129\sb8\sl-
244\slmult0\tx404 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 9 The most people enjoy spending
their holidays by the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 seaside.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf64\f65\fs94 � \par\pard\li4108\sb82\sl-138\slmult0\fi6998 \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 \u8226?-,\t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex146 1 III\par\pard\li4108\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\li4108\sb40\sl-575\slmult0\fi0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex158 \ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 sion\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex177 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Choose the correct answer.
\par\pard\li2174\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li2174\sb217\sl-
253\slmult0\fi110\tx2678 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 1\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Sam hopes ...3... an astronaut one
day.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-248\slmult0\fi499 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A
becoming B to become C become\par\pard\li2174\sb60\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 you to the airport in my
car if you like.\par\pard\li2174\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi508\tx5035 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A will take\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B m
going to take\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi513 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
C have taken\par\pard\li2174\sb64\sl-253\slmult0\fi95\tx2687\tx5673 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Jane's work is\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 than Sarah's.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
249\slmult0\fi513\tx5040\tx7267 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A good\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B better\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
best\par\pard\li2174\sb64\sl-253\slmult0\fi95\tx2707\tx5956 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 It's cold. I think I\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 another jumper.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
243\slmult0\fi523\tx5049 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A will put on\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B am putting on C put
on\par\pard\li2174\sb66\sl-253\slmult0\fi105\tx2697\tx4440 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Jake\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 at his friend's house last night.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
248\slmult0\fi527\tx5054\tx7833 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A stayed\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B was staying\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
had stayed\par\pard\li2174\sb61\sl-253\slmult0\fi105\tx2707\tx6081 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 They advised her\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 a new lock for the door.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
253\slmult0\fi532\tx5059\tx7286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A buy\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B to buy\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
buying\par\pard\li2174\sb68\sl-253\slmult0\fi115\tx2726\tx2875\tx4622 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 money than
David.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi537\tx5068\tx7291 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A little\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B
less\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C least\par\pard\li2174\sb65\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Would you like\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 to my paty
tonight?\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi547\tx5073\tx7300 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A come\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B to come\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C coming\par\pard\li2174\sb60\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Lisa\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 the house when her
husband came home.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-248\slmult0\fi552\tx5083 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A paints\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B was
painting C has painted\par\pard\li2174\sb65\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2740\tx4487
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Sally\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 by the time I get home tonight.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
249\slmult0\fi556\tx5087\tx7310 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A is leaving\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B will leave\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
will have left\par\pard\li2174\sb64\sl-253\slmult0\fi9\tx2750\tx4387 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Ellen\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 all her money by the time the shops
closed.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi566\tx5092 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A had spent\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B was
spending C spent\par\pard\li2174\sb74\sl-253\slmult0\fi9\tx2740\tx5352 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 You should\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 the windows more often.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
243\slmult0\fi571\tx5097\tx7454 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A cleaning\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B clean\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C to
clean\par\pard\li2174\sb66\sl-253\slmult0\fi14\tx2764\tx4444 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Paul\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 for three hours before he left the
disco.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A
danced B had been dancing C was dancing\par\pard\li2174\sb59\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 This time next month we\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
for our holiday.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\fi585\tx7339 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A are packing B will pack\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 C will be packing\par\pard\li2174\sb70\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 This is the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 day of the
year.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-248\slmult0\fi590\tx5116\tx7344 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 A hot\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B hotter\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C hottest\par\pard\li2174\sb65\sl-
253\slmult0\fi33\tx2769\tx6600\tx6753 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 16\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 That dress is rather\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 I\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 can't afford to buy it.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
249\slmult0\fi595\tx5126 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A expensive\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B more expensive\par\pard\li2174\sb7\sl-
253\slmult0\fi604 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C most
expensive\par\pard\li2174\sb59\sl-253\slmult0\fi43\tx2788\tx7161 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 17\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Dad has finally
managed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 the television.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
249\slmult0\fi604\tx5135\tx7358 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A to fix\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B fix\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
fixing\par\pard\li2174\sb59\sl-253\slmult0\fi48\tx2783\tx6916 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 18\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 The doctor made
John\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 in bed for a week.\par\pard\li2174\sb2\sl-
253\slmult0\fi614\tx5145\tx7363 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A staying\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 B stay\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C to
stay\par\pard\li2174\sb59\sl-253\slmult0\fi52\tx2793\tx5644 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Jenny seems\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 very happy these days.\par\pard\li2174\sb1\sl-
253\slmult0\fi619\tx5145\tx7377 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A to be\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B being\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C
be\par\pard\li2174\sb64\sl-253\slmult0\fi33\tx2793\tx5870 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 20\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 You had better\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 now or you'll be late.\par\pard\li2174\sb2\sl-
253\slmult0\fi628\tx5155\tx7382 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A leaving\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 B leave\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 C to
leave\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb99\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 81\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 |\tab \up0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf67\f68\fs116 6 \par\pard\ql \li6192\ri963\sb91\sl-
\u9830? Each other means one another. Study the following \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 examples: \par\pard\li1003\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0\par\pard\li1003\sb116\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx2131\tx3393\tx4454 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 1 Subject\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Reflexive\tab
\dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex109
Subject\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex109
Reflexive\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6027\colsr160\colno2\colw557
3\colsr160\ql \li1118\sb23\sl-207\slmult0\tx2126\tx3393\tx4449 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 pronouns\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 pronouns\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 pronouns\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
pronouns\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb158\sl-207\slmult0\tx2111\tx3503\tx4401 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 myself\tab \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 it\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 itself\par\pard\ql
\li1224\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx2111\tx3498\tx4396 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110
you\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 yourself\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
we\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 ourselves\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2116\tx3498\tx4401 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 he\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 himself\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 you\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 yourselves\par\pard\ql \li1233\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2116\tx3498\tx4396 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 she\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 herself\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 they\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 themselves\par\pard\ql \li998\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 We use reflexive pronouns:\par\pard\qj
verbs such as behave, burn, cut, enjoy, hurt, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 introduce, kill, look at, teach, etc., or with
prep�\par\pard\qj \li1334\ri345\sb0\sl-258\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
ositions when the subject and the object of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
verb are the same person. We do not use reflexive \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
pronouns after prepositions of place.\par\pard\qj \li1334\ri340\sb25\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1670 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. Sara (subject) has taught
herself how to play the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 guitar.\par\pard\ql
\li1675\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 You look pleased with
yourself.\par\pard\qj \li1675\ri329\sb14\sl-254\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 BUT: She looked behind her because she heard \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 footsteps. (NOT: She looked behind tpt^...)\par\pard\qj
the preposition by when we mean alone = \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 1)
without company = on one's own,\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 2) without help\par\pard\ql \li1406\ri1419\sb48\sl-
254\slmult0\tx1689 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 e.g. Dad fixed the roof by himself.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (= Nobody helped Dad fix the
roof.)\par\pard\ql \li1636\ri541\sb1\sl-254\slmult0\fi48 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 He hates travelling by himselfIon his own. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (= He hates travelling alone, without company.)\par\pard\qj
\li1084\ri320\sb122\sl-259\slmult0\tx1358 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u9830? in
the following expressions: enjoy yourself (have a \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 good time), behave yourself \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
(be good), help\par\pard\qj \li1353\ri317\sb0\sl-259\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 yourself (you are welcome to take something if you \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 want).\par\pard\qj \li1094\ri321\sb120\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 \u9830? to emphasise the subject or
the object of a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 sentence.\par\pard\ql
\li1363\sb67\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 e.g. I spoke to the
manager himself. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 (I spoke to the\par\pard\ql
\li1718\sb52\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 manager, not somebody
else.)\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb167\sl-207\slmult0\tx1665 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
Note:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 1) We do not use reflexive pronouns with
the\par\pard\ql \li1929\ri367\sb0\sl-283\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 verbs
concentrate, feel, meet and relax. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. I feel
nervous. (NOT: I feel Ippcglf nervous.)\par\pard\ql \li1656\sb96\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 2) The verbs dress, wash and shave are not\par\pard\qj
\li1934\ri295\sb5\sl-265\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 normally followed
by a reflexive pronoun. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 However, we can use a
reflexive pronoun \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 with these verbs when we want
to show that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 someone did something with a lot of
effort. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 e.g. She washed, dressed and then
had\par\pard\ql \li2294\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
breakfast.\par\pard\qj \li2275\ri292\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 He had a broken arm, but he managed to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 shave himself.\par\pard\ql \li1953\sb163\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 But we always say dry myself.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex174 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 82|Page\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 LI\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 sOa\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 They are feeding\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 They are feeding\par\pard\ql \li648\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3063 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 themselves.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 each other.\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Complete the sentences using verbs from\par\pard\ql
\li58\sb9\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 10 * the list below and a
reflexive pronoun, as\par\pard\ql \li802\sb9\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 in the example.\par\pard\qj \li797\ri832\sb129\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 fix. make, organise, teach, paint,
decorate, dress, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 grow\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Annie didn't buy her wedding dress. She ...made
it\par\pard\ql \li341\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tldot\tx1112 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
herself\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li58\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 2 Do you like these flowers? I\par\pard\ql \li58\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 3 Look at this picture. My son\par\pard\ql
\li58\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx4580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 4 What a beautiful
room! Did you\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ?\par\pard\ql \li63\sb48\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 5 I didn't call the plumber to fix the
pipe. I\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li63\sb90\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 6 He didn't have piano lessons.
He\par\pard\ql \li68\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 7 My son is
only three, but I don't dress him. He\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li68\sb85\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 8 Nobody
helped Julie with the paty. She\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li92\sb2\sl-207\slmult0\tx250\tx807 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex40 \u9632?*\tab
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Fill in the
appropriate reflexive pronoun or\par\pard\ql \li375\sb14\sl-207\slmult0\tx802
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 j0\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 each other/one
another.\par\pard\ql \li6187\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li97\sb80\sl-
8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Who built your shed for
you?\par\pard\ql \li356\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx644\tldot\tx3358 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 No one. We built it
...ourselves\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li82\sb42\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 2 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Will you keep in
touch with Lucy when she moves?\par\pard\ql \li360\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx644
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Oh. yes. We will
write to\par\pard\ql \li87\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx653 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 3
A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Paul and Sue don't get on very
well.\par\pard\ql \li365\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx653 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89
B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 No. They're always arguing with\par\pard\ql
\li87\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx653 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 4 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Did Mum help Jane to cook dinner?\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 No. She did it all by\par\pard\ql \li92\sb47\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 5 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Why are you and
Marie going into town?\par\pard\ql \li370\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx649\tx3178 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We are going to buy\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 some new clothes.\par\pard\ql
\li92\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx658 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 6 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Did you switch the heating on?\par\pard\ql \li375\sb47\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 No. It switches\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 on every
morning.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx663\tx2914 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 7 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Help\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 to coffee and biscuits.\par\pard\ql \li375\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx653 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Thank you. I will.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx663 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 8 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 How is
Sarah?\par\pard\ql \li380\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx764\tx3783 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 don't know. We haven't
seen\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 for months.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 9 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 What's
the matter with Steve?\par\pard\ql \li380\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx668\tx3826 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 I think he wants to be
by\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 for a while.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 10 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Do
Mark and Ellen work well together?\par\pard\ql \li385\sb47\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Oh, yes. They often help\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
with their work. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg84}
II\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw2222\colsr110\colno2\colw3710\colsr
\expndtw0\charscalex98 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 ^ lot ol\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb233\sl-414\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 - KWli -
/ôiiv^\par\pard\ql \li1065\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1065\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex234 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 **\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 *\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb233\sl-414\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul
/Uow/l:o\ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 w - /\\
littlo/Liiilo\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw6075\colsr160\colno2\col
w2384\colsr160\colno3\colw2991\colsr160\ql \li1065\sb1\sl-250\slmult0\tx2985\tx3580
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex397 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \\� \tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 t\par\pard\ql \li3427\sb132\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 /\par\pard\ql
\li950\sb0\sl-172\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\par\pard\ql \li4147\sb179\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 a a *..\par\pard\qj
\li1723\ri1103\sb70\sl-244\slmult0\tx2467 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 There aren f many cherries, but there are \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a lot of strawberries.\par\pard\ql \li1761\sb17\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Is there much pasta? Yes. there is a
lot.\par\pard\qj \li1305\ri378\sb247\sl-251\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A
lot of lots of are used with both plural countable and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
uncountable nouns. They are normally used in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
affirmative sentences. Of is omitted when a lot/lots are \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 not followed by a noun.\par\pard\qj \li1310\ri399\sb10\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1665 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. There were a lot ofHots of
people at the concet. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There is a lot ofHots
of yoghurt in the fridge.\par\pard\ql \li1315\ri364\sb0\sl-270\slmult0\fi335
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Have you got many books? Yes, I've got a lot.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Much and many are normally used in interrogative
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 and negative sentences. Much is used with
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 uncountable nouns and many with plural countable
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 nouns.\par\pard\column \ql \li6355\sb0\sl-
244\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li140\ri299\sb124\sl-244\slmult0\fi182 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 Laura has got a few \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 peaches. She
can make\par\pard\ql \li692\sb18\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 some
jam.\par\pard\ql \li6235\sb0\sl-575\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6235\sb0\sl-575\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf31\f32\fs50 r\par\pard\ql \li1599\sb308\sl-506\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs44 TT\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Simon has got a little paint \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 He can paint the door.\par\pard\column \qj \li8769\sb0\sl-
5\charscalex100 Lucy has got (very) few \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 peaches.
She can't make\par\pard\ql \li697\sb18\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex94
any jam.\par\pard\ql \li8832\sb0\sl-391\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li8832\sb0\sl-
391\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 v\par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Rick has got (very) litle \line \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 paint. He can't paint the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex94
door.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6094\colsr160\colno2\colw5506\co
lsr160\qj \li1324\ri1268\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\tx1675 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
e.g. Is there much sugar in the cupboard? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
There isn t much sugar in this cake.\par\pard\qj \li1329\ri379\sb0\sl-
284\slmult0\fi331 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Have you got many CDs? I haven't
got many CDs. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 How much and how many are used in
questions \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and negations.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb100\sl-
230\slmult0\tx4286\tx4454 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 How much + uncountable
noun\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
amount\par\pard\ql \li1329\ri504\sb5\sl-249\slmult0\fi9\tx4060 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 How many + countable noun\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 number \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
e.g. How much money have you got?' Not much.'\par\pard\ql \li1756\sb17\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 How many stamps do you need?'
Six.'\par\pard\qj \li1334\ri364\sb101\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
Too many is used with plural countable nouns. It \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 has a
negative meaning and shows that there is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 more of
something than is wanted or needed.\par\pard\ql \li1339\ri359\sb0\sl-275\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 e.g. Vou eat too many sweefs. Your teeth will rot.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Too much is used with uncountable nouns. It
has \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 the same negative meaning as too many. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 eg I've got too much work to do. I can't go out. \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 We use mostlsomelanylmanylmuchl(a) fewl(a) \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 little several one. two, etc. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 + of when a noun \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
follows, preceded by this, that, these, those, a, the \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 or possessives.\par\pard\qj \li1353\ri394\sb0\sl-
244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. Mosf of the people at the party were
from work. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 but: Most people like
paties.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb133\sl-
83\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 |\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex149
Page\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri817\sb0\sl-224\slmult0\tx323 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u9830? A few/few are used with
plural countable nouns \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
(flowers, leters, etc.).\par\pard\ql \li298\sb120\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 A few means not many, but enough.\par\pard\qj
\li298\ri803\sb77\sl-254\slmult0\tx654 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 e.g. There are
a few hotels in this town. You'll probably \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
find a room to spend the night.\par\pard\qj \li313\ri807\sb94\sl-263\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Few means hardly any, almost none and can be \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 used with very for emphasis.\par\pard\qj
\li308\ri791\sb54\sl-264\slmult0\tx697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g. There are
(very) few cupboards in the kitchen. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 There's
not enough room to store my plates and\par\pard\ql \li668\sb34\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 glasses.\par\pard\qj \li34\ri799\sb79\sl-
268\slmult0\tx332 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \u9830? A little little are used
with uncountable nouns \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (milk, time,
etc.).\par\pard\ql \li318\sb119\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 A
little means not much, but enough.\par\pard\qj \li318\ri797\sb64\sl-
259\slmult0\tx692 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. There is a litle petrol in the
tank. It will get us to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 the next
town.\par\pard\qj \li327\ri793\sb106\sl-254\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Little means hardly any, almost none and can be \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 used with very for emphasis.\par\pard\qj
\li322\ri784\sb65\sl-263\slmult0\tx692 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 e.g. There's
(very) litle coffee left. We need to buy \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
some more. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart Pg85}
S\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5940\colsr160\colno2\colw5660\colsr1
60\qj \li1055\ri225\sb174\sl-278\slmult0\fi705\tx1747 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in many, much, how many,
how much or a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex459 \u8226?, \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 ot (of).\par\pard\ql \li988\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Shall we go out
tonight?\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb32\sl-207\slmult0\tx1694\tx3993 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 can't. I don't have
...much\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 money. I'm afraid.\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Can you help me.
please?\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1598\tx3983 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 I'm sorry. I haven't got\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 time at the moment.\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb38\sl-
8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 potatoes are in that
bag?\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1598 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex85
B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Seven. I think. Why?\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 What did you do on
your holiday?\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1598\tx3393 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Well. I read\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 and I relaxed on the beach.\par\pard\ql \li1060\sb43\sl-
8\charscalex83 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 There isn't\tab \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 milk left.\par\pard\ql \li1060\ri912\sb8\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Well. I'll buy some later this afternoon. \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 6 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 A: \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 homework have you got?\par\pard\qj \li1060\ri826\sb4\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Quite\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 I'd better stat now.
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex86 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Did you enjoy your dinner9\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb33\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Yes. I ate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and I'm very
full.\par\pard\ql \li1065\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1329\tx1617 \up0 \expndtw-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Mark is a wonderful athlete.\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb38\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Yes. He has won\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
competitions.\par\pard\ql \li1070\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1334\tx1612\tx3835 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Are there\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 flowers in the
garden?\par\pard\qj \li988\ri1781\sb15\sl-240\slmult0\fi355 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Yes. and they are beautiful too.
\up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 10 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 Are you very busy?\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb33\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex106 No. I haven't got\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to do
today.\par\pard\ql \li993\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx1338\tx1622\tx3978 \up0 \expndtw-
\expndtw0\charscalex112 She has got\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107
clothes.\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1723 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 know. She wears something
different every day.\par\pard\ql \li998\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1343\tx3244 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 times have you seen this film?\par\pard\ql
\li998\ri259\sb12\sl-244\slmult0\fi355\tx2798 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 B: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Three times, but I always cry at the end. \line \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 13 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex83 A: \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 food should we take on the picnic?\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex106 Oh. enough for all four of us.\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1343\tx1631\tx5025 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 14\tab \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex86 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Have you travelled
to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 places?\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1626 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
Yes. I go to a different country every year.\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb0\sl-345\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in the gaps with too much or too
many.\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1113\sb186\sl-
8\charscalex81 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Would you like to spend the
weekend with us?\par\pard\qj \li1099\ri960\sb11\sl-240\slmult0\fi273\tx1742 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 can't. I have ...too
many... things to do. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 Shall we go to London tomorrow?\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 No. It takes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 time to
get there.\par\pard\ql \li1104\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1751 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 3 A:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 had a terrible
nightmare last night.\par\pard\ql \li1382\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1641\tx5179 \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex85 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 That's because you
watch\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 horror\par\pard\ql \li1651\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 films.\par\pard\ql \li1108\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3129 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 4 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 red meat is bad for your health.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex106 I know. I rarely eat red meat.\par\pard\ql \li1113\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 5 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
There are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 people on this train.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex106 know. It's very crowded.\par\pard\ql \li1113\sb28\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1761\tx4171 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 6 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 have spent\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 money this
month.\par\pard\qj \li1123\ri1195\sb19\sl-235\slmult0\fi264 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 B: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 You should have been more sensible.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 7 A: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 This sauce tastes
awful.\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1670\tx4147 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 I think I put\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 salt in it.\par\pard\ql \li1123\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1771\tx3849 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 8 A:\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 food for the
party.\par\pard\ql \li1396\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1670 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89
B:\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I know. There is a lot left over.\par\pard\ql
\li1123\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx4242 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 9 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 There are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 books in this
bag.\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1775 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89
B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 know. It's very heavy, isn't it?\par\pard\ql
\li1046\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx3604 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10 A: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 You are making\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 noise. I
can't concentrate.\par\pard\ql \li1401\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1679 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex92 B:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I'm sorry. I'll try to be
quiet.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Underline the correct
item.\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li112\sb182\sl-
I have a lot of records, but \ul0\nosupersub\cf69\f70\fs18\ul very
few/\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 little/very little CDs.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex111 We have very little/very few/few spaghetti, so I
can't\par\pard\ql \li371\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 make
Spaghetti Bolognese.\par\pard\ql \li102\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx380 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 I'm tired. I didn t get
manylmuchlfew sleep last night.\par\pard\ql \li97\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx380 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 I've made many/much/a
lot of notes, but I haven't\par\pard\ql \li371\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 written my essay yet.\par\pard\ql \li102\sb38\sl-
This coffee is bitter. It needs a few/a little/little more\par\pard\ql
\li375\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 sugar.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 I have invited a few/a lot of/much people to the
paty.\par\pard\ql \li481\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 hope
there will be room for them all.\par\pard\ql \li112\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx496
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 don't have
manylmuchlfew time at the moment. I'll\par\pard\ql \li375\sb24\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 talk to you later.\par\pard\ql \li112\sb38\sl-
have had a few/very few/very litle success in my\par\pard\ql \li385\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 search for a job.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 There are much/a lot ofla litle reasons why he
should\par\pard\ql \li385\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 go to
university.\par\pard\ql \li35\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx395 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 I'd love to come to the beach.
I just need a few/a litle!\par\pard\ql \li385\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 many minutes to get ready.\par\pard\ql \li40\sb33\sl-
There are much little few people who are as hard�\par\pard\ql \li390\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 working as James.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 I have little/a litle/a few work to do before I can
leave\par\pard\ql \li40\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx405 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 I made a lot/a litle/a few biscuits this
morning. Would\par\pard\ql \li395\sb29\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
you like to try one?\par\pard\ql \li44\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx405 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 There weren't fewlmuchlmany
people in town today\par\pard\ql \li404\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 It was very quiet.\par\pard\ql \li49\sb33\sl-
There is a litle I litle I a few chance of his getting the\par\pard\ql
\li400\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 job He has no
experience.\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-345\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li121\sb121\sl-
22>\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Fill in many, tew, much or little.\par\pard\qj
\li6100\sb0\sl-235\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri896\sb78\sl-235\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Claire pushed the door open a 1) ...little... and looked
inside. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 The house was small and there was not
2)\par\pard\ql \li25\sb34\sl-207\slmult0\tx2944 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
furniture. There were a 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 chairs and a table,
but\par\pard\ql \li25\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx2526 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 there
were very 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 signs of comfot. There
was\par\pard\ql \li30\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1912 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 not
5)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 light, but Claire could see that
there\par\pard\qj \li30\ri938\sb10\sl-235\slmult0\tx2200 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 were not 6)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 pictures or
ornaments. It was as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 though the owner of the house
spent very 7)\par\pard\qj \li30\ri933\sb3\sl-244\slmult0\tx2569 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 time there. After a 8)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
more moments, she quietly \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 closed the door and walked
away.\par\pard\ql \li6177\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6177\sb0\sl-
23 & Add of where necessary.\par\pard\ql \li6177\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 A lot ...of... people have mobile phones these
days.\par\pard\ql \li164\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1681 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 2
Many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 her books are very old.\par\pard\ql
\li169\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1633 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 3 Most\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 children enjoy watching catoons.\par\pard\ql
\li169\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx2497 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 4 I've met
several\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 his colleagues.\par\pard\ql
\li174\sb29\sl-207\slmult0\tx1691 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 5 A few\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 birds were singing in the tree.\par\pard\ql \li174\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3193 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 6 Have you ever seen any\tab
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Bruce Willis' films?\par\pard\ql \li174\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1725 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 7 Some\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 my friends live abroad.\par\pard\ql \li174\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1590 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 8 One\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 her books has won an award.\par\pard\ql \li179\sb29\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2627 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 9 I have hardly any\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 free time at the moment.\par\pard\ql \li97\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1696 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 10 A few\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 the guests arrived early.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 loLo\par\pard\ql \li1012\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 There's
somebody on the phone. He must be Sam. X\par\pard\qj \li1017\ri332\sb0\sl-
295\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 There's somebody on the phone . It
must be Sam. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
She earns a lot more than I. X\par\pard\qj \li1022\ri1835\sb0\sl-
270\slmult0\fi225\tx1248 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 She earns a lot more than me.
\u8226? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 She earns a lot more than I do. /
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 The ball
hit him on his head. X\par\pard\ql \li1243\sb25\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 The ball hit him on the head. /\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Don't sit on that chair. One of it's legs is broken,
x\par\pard\qj \li1027\ri543\sb0\sl-293\slmult0\fi230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
Don't sit on that chair. One of its legs is broken. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 This car is my brother's-in-law. X\par\pard\ql
\li1031\ri1511\sb0\sl-285\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 This car is my
brother-in-law's. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 Those are Ben and Tim's bicycles. X\par\pard\qj
\li1036\ri1336\sb0\sl-281\slmult0\fi215 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Those are
Ben's and Tim's bicycles \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 / \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Relax yourself and
put your feet up. X\par\pard\ql \li1267\sb24\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 Relax and put your feet up. /\par\pard\ql \li1036\sb120\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex113 have rarely met someone as polite as Greg. X\par\pard\ql
\li1041\ri613\sb0\sl-293\slmult0\fi326 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 have rarely met
anyone as polite as Greg. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 The girl was wearing a bracelet on every wrist.
X\par\pard\qj \li1041\ri635\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
The girl was wearing a bracelet on each wrist. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 I've seen nearly each film he has directed,
x\par\pard\qj \li1046\ri885\sb0\sl-286\slmult0\fi230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
I've seen nearly every film he has directed. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 They all have been to France before.
X\par\pard\ql \li1051\ri972\sb0\sl-282\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
They have all been to France before. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 We spent the all week lying on the beach.
X\par\pard\ql \li1055\ri277\sb0\sl-272\slmult0\fi215\tx1271 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 We spent all week lying on the beach. / \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 We spent the whole week lying on the beach. / \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 She seems to be
talking on the telephone the whole\par\pard\ql \li1276\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 time. X\par\pard\qj \li1281\ri277\sb8\sl-244\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 She seems to be talking on the telephone all the
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 time. /\par\pard\ql \li1065\sb109\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex109 There isn't nothing in the fridge. It's empty.
X\par\pard\ql \li1286\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 There isn't
anything in the fridge. It's empty. \u8226?\par\pard\ql \li1070\ri343\sb0\sl-
296\slmult0\fi215 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 There is nothing in the fridge. It's
empty. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
The womens' department is on the second floor, x\par\pard\qj \li1070\ri313\sb0\sl-
282\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 The women's department is on the
second floor. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
All my friends bicycles are better than mine. X\par\pard\qj \li1075\ri673\sb0\sl-
284\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 All my friends' bicycles are better
than mine. / \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 The
phone book is right in front of yourself. X\par\pard\ql \li1080\ri271\sb0\sl-
283\slmult0\fi220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 The phone book is right in front of
you. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 We
have very few milk left. We need to buy some. X\par\pard\qj \li1084\ri248\sb0\sl-
285\slmult0\fi215 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 We have very little milk left. We
need to buy some. / \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226? \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 You can buy a spots car or a jeep. Either cars
are\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb24\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 fine with
me. X\par\pard\qj \li1310\ri249\sb8\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 You
can buy a spots car or a jeep. Either car is fine \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 with
me. /\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb102\sl-207\slmult0\tx1305 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
\u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Where have you put the others bags?
X\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Where have
you put the other bags? /\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex161 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 85| \up0
31\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Correct the
mistakes.\par\pard\ql \li6047\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6047\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 We can watch the comedy or the
thriller. Either films is\par\pard\ql \li366\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 fine with me.\par\pard\ql \li93\sb42\sl-
I have very few time. You'd better make it quick.\par\pard\ql \li97\sb53\sl-
The childrens' area is run by experienced staff.\par\pard\qj \li93\ri1188\sb0\sl-
There isn't nothing good on television this evening. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
5 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 The boy had a cut on every knee.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 We have rarely been somewhere as beautiful as
this.\par\pard\ql \li102\ri2383\sb0\sl-259\slmult0\tx385 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 He works a lot harder than I.
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 What have you
told the others staff?\par\pard\ql \li102\sb44\sl-207\slmult0\tx381 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 The cupboard was right next to
himself.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Don't drink the whole lemonade by yourself.
Offer\par\pard\ql \li380\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 some to
your friends.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw-
8\charscalex89 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 She spent all the day talking to
customers.\par\pard\qj \li25\ri1597\sb14\sl-249\slmult0\tx385 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 We all have been invited to
Samantha's paty. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 13 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 The
teacher patted her on her head.\par\pard\ql \li25\sb46\sl-207\slmult0\tx385 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 That dog is hut. One
of it's paws is bleeding.\par\pard\qj \li30\ri1937\sb18\sl-249\slmult0\tx390
\up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 15\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 These are Jane
and Claire's school bags. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 16 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 All my clients files are on the desk.\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex109 I've visited nearly each house on this list. \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 18 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 This jacket is my fathers-in-
law.\par\pard\ql \li35\sb40\sl-207\slmult0\tx395 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 There's someone here to see you. She must be
your\par\pard\ql \li395\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105
sister.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx410 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
20\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Feel yourself free to ask any question you
like.\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-
Cross out the unnecessary word.\par\pard\ql \li6100\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex114 The teacher wants all of students to paticipate in
the\par\pard\ql \li409\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 concet at
the end of term.\par\pard\ql \li136\sb48\sl-207\slmult0\tx419 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 She concentrated herself on the
exam questions.\par\pard\ql \li140\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx424 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Neither of the coach nor the
players were happy with\par\pard\ql \li414\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 their performance in the game.\par\pard\ql \li140\sb47\sl-
They spent the all morning looking for a place to put up\par\pard\ql
\li419\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 their tent.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Please.don't hesitate to call any one time you
want.\par\pard\ql \li145\sb52\sl-207\slmult0\tx424 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 There it seems to be something wrong with the
alarm\par\pard\ql \li424\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
system.\par\pard\ql \li150\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Every one citizen has to pay
taxes.\par\pard\ql \li150\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx429 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 John's sister she got engaged to a young doctor
last\par\pard\ql \li428\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
week.\par\pard\ql \li155\sb47\sl-207\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 There she is a woman at the door. It's our
new\par\pard\ql \li433\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
neighbour.\par\pard\ql \li73\sb57\sl-207\slmult0\tx433 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
These jumpers are quite expensive, but the others\par\pard\ql \li433\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 ones are cheap.\par\pard\ql \li78\sb48\sl-
Some people enjoy playing golf, while others people\par\pard\ql \li438\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 find it very boring.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex112 She bought a lots of decorations for the paty. \line
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 13 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 The meeting was
attended by a very few people, and\par\pard\ql \li88\ri851\sb0\sl-
256\slmult0\fi355\tx453\tx458 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 as a result no impotant
decisions were made. \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 14 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 If anyone person reveals anything to the press, they
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 will be fired.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\ql \li3887\sb262\sl-621\slmult0 \up0
peech\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6272\colsr160\colno2\colw5328\co
207\slmult0\tx4747\tx5601 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 r-\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 we will\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 >\par\pard\ql \li4257\ri442\sb26\sl-251\slmult0\fi52\tx4420
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 have to spend a lot \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 of money on the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 construction of
these\par\pard\ql \li4257\sb50\sl-207\slmult0\tx4655\tx5524 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex150 \ul0\nosupersub\cf69\f70\fs18\ul k.\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 buildings.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql \li2702\sb176\sl-1219\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex193 \ul0\super\cf3\f4\fs36 r\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112
I\par\pard\ql \li4276\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li4276\sb0\sl-368\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 i'\par\pard\ql \li4065\sb231\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-11\charscalex82 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 *�*,#\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Wha( d/d Mr Lee tell his partner
yesterday?\par\pard\qj \li1555\ri187\sb2\sl-263\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 He told his partner. We will have to spend a lot of money
on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 the construction of these buildings.\par\pard\ql
\li3681\sb44\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 OR\par\pard\qj
\li1564\ri166\sb4\sl-254\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He told his partner
(that) they would have to spend a lot of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 money on the
construction of the buildings.\par\pard\ql \li791\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We can report people's words by using direct \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 speech or reported speech. Direct speech is the
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 exact words someone used. We use quotation \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 marks (' ') in direct speech, e.g. I'm tired. Helen
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 said. Reported speech is the exact meaning of what
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 someone said, but not the exact words. We do not
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 use quotation marks in reported speech. We can \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 either use the word that after the introductory verb
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 (say, tell, etc.) or we can omit it.\par\pard\qj
Personal pronouns, possessive adjectives/ \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 possessive pronouns change according to the\par\pard\ql
\li283\sb39\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 meaning of the
sentence.\par\pard\ql \li279\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 e.g.
Helen said (that) she was tired.\par\pard\qj \li6436\sb0\sl-256\slmult0
256\slmult0\tx298\tx293 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u9830? We can report
someone's words either a long time \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 after
they were said (out-of-date-reporting) or a short \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 time after they were said (up-to-date reporting).
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 vo|:olloo\ul0\super\cf6\f7\fs42 ou\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 HO LIU"\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 Verb tenses
and time expressions change in\par\pard\ql \li1300\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 reported speech:\par\pard\qj \li1296\ri428\sb109\sl-
244\slmult0\tx1579 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 a) when the introductory verb is in
a past tense. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 e.g. I'm moving to a new flat
next week,' she said.\par\pard\qj \li1915\ri397\sb5\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 She said (that) she was moving to a new flat \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 the following week.\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb72\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b) in out-of-date reporting.\par\pard\ql
\li1583\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx2006 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 e.g.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 (Monday 2 May) Mike said, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 7
borrowed\par\pard\ql \li1920\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 some
money from my parents.'\par\pard\qj \li1924\ri387\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 (Thursday 5 May) Mike said (that) he had \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 borrowed some money from his parents.\par\pard\ql
\li1310\sb30\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c) when we consider what
the speaker says to be\par\pard\ql \li1598\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 untrue.\par\pard\qj \li1593\ri383\sb9\sl-249\slmult0\tx1924
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. Paula and I are best friends,' Jack said to
me. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Jack said to me that he and Paula were
best\par\pard\qj \li1315\ri408\sb0\sl-315\slmult0\fi619 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 friends, but Paula had never actually met him. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 The tenses change as follows:\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb131\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 present simple \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \u8226? past simple\par\pard\ql \li1324\ri1546\sb0\sl-
260\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 7 need a new car.' Greg said.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Greg said (that) he needed a new car. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 present continuous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226?
past continuous\par\pard\ql \li1324\ri1189\sb0\sl-256\slmult0\fi43 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 He's sleeping.' she said. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 She said (that) he was sleeping. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 present perfect \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 � past perfect
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 7Ve already seen this film.' he said. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 He said (that) he had already seen the film. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 past simple \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \u8226? past
simple or past perfect\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb28\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 7 got up late.' Tonia said.\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Tonia said (that) she (had) got up
late.\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb67\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 past
continuous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226? past cont. or past perfect
cont.\par\pard\ql \li1339\ri617\sb14\sl-242\slmult0\fi19 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 7 was working at four o' clock,' Tim said. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Tim said (that) he was working/had been working
at \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 four o' clock.\par\pard\qj
\li1339\ri1918\sb36\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 future (will) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 � conditional (would) \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 77/
call you tomorrow.' Rea said.\par\pard\qj \li1348\ri706\sb0\sl-278\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Rea said (that) she would call me the following day.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 The past perfect and past perfect continuous \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 remain the same.\par\pard\ql \li1017\sb89\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1353 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u9830? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Some words and time expressions change\par\pard\qj
\li1358\ri950\sb0\sl-305\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 according to the
meaning of the sentence: \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 now \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 �then, at that time, immediately\par\pard\ql
\li1358\ri724\sb0\sl-241\slmult0\tx2309 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 today, tonight
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \u8226? that day, that night \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 yesterday \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \u8226? the day
before, the previous day \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 tomorrow \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 \u8226? the next day, the following day \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 this week \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u8226? that
week\par\pard\qj \li1368\ri470\sb2\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 last
week \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 \u8226? the week before, the previous week
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 next week \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \u8226? the
week after, the following week \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 two days ago \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \u8226? two days before\par\pard\qj \li1372\ri3532\sb6\sl-
244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 here \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
�there \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 come \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u9830?
go\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 87| \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex163
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb8\sl-144\slmult0\tx365 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9830? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 When
this/these are used in time expressions,\par\pard\ql \li360\sb49\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 they change to that/those.\par\pard\qj
\li360\ri865\sb0\sl-282\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 e.g. this week
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226? that week, these days \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 �those days \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 When
this/these/that/those are not used in time \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
expressions, they change as follows:\par\pard\ql \li370\sb118\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) they change to the when used as
adjectives,\par\pard\qj \li658\ri1225\sb4\sl-249\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 that is, when they are followed by a noun. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. This t/m is boring,' Claire told me.\par\pard\ql
\li1004\sb26\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Claire told me (that) the
film was boring.\par\pard\ql \li385\sb134\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 b) they change to it or they them when used
as\par\pard\qj \li668\ri859\sb11\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
pronouns, that is, when they are not followed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 by a
noun.\par\pard\ql \li663\ri1072\sb11\sl-244\slmult0\tx1018 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 e.g. This is an unusual situation.' Dad said. \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Dad said (that) it was an unusual
situation.\par\pard\ql \li6211\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li44\sb12\sl-
207\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \u9830? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Certain modal verbs change as follows:\par\pard\ql
\li385\sb163\sl-207\slmult0\tx826 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 will\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 > would\par\pard\ql \li385\ri966\sb0\sl-
258\slmult0\tx846 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He said. One day I'll be able to
afford a car.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 He said (that) one day he would
be able to afford a car. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 can \tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 \u9632? could\par\pard\ql \li389\ri2292\sb0\sl-243\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He said. 7 can speak French.' \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He said (that) he could speak French.\par\pard\qj
\li394\ri1272\sb39\sl-244\slmult0\tx855 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 can\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 � could/would be able to (future reference) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 He said, We can meet tomorrow.'\par\pard\qj
\li394\ri1531\sb5\sl-244\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He said (that) we
could/would be able to meet \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the next day.\par\pard\ql
\li404\sb65\sl-207\slmult0\tx903 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 may\tab \up0
\expndtw-8\charscalex92 \u9658? might\par\pard\ql \li399\ri2328\sb0\sl-
258\slmult0\tx986 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 He said. 7 may call you.' \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 He said (that) he might call us. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 shall \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 * should (asking
for advice)\par\pard\qj \li404\ri2447\sb0\sl-246\slmult0\fi580 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \u8226? offer (expressing offers) \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He said. 'When shall I come?'\par\pard\qj
\li404\ri2623\sb0\sl-247\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He asked when he
should come. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He said. Shall I help
you?'\par\pard\ql \li408\sb36\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
offered to help me.\par\pard\qj \li413\ri2520\sb33\sl-249\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 must \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 � must/had to
(obligation) \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He said. 'You must finish
this.'\par\pard\ql \li413\sb26\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 He said
(that) I mustlhad to finish it.\par\pard\qj \li418\ri1325\sb41\sl-244\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 needn't \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \u8226?
needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He said. 'You
needn't pay in cash.'\par\pard\qj \li413\ri1052\sb6\sl-244\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 He said (that) I needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 pay in cash.\par\pard\qj \li423\ri810\sb67\sl-
251\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Would, could, might, should, ought,
had beter, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 used to and mustn't do not change.
Must does not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 change when it expresses a logical
assumption. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 e.g. a) 7 might talk to her.' Danny
said.\par\pard\ql \li999\sb36\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Danny
said (that) he might talk to her.\par\pard\ql \li826\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 b) You must be tired,' Paul told Susan.\par\pard\ql
\li999\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 Paul told Susan (that) she
must be tired.\par\pard\ql \li101\sb110\sl-207\slmult0\tx447 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \u9830? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 In Type 1
conditionals tenses change in reported\par\pard\qj \li428\ri798\sb0\sl-
252\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 speech as follows: the present simple
becomes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 past simple in the if-clause and will
becomes \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 would in the main clause.\par\pard\ql
\li437\ri823\sb5\sl-249\slmult0\tx850 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 e.g. If you ask
Liz, she'll help you,' he said. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 He said
(that) if I asked Liz, she would help me.
\expndtw0\charscalex134 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 � i i.i \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Turn the following sentences into reported \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex164 speech. \par\pard\li2068\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Robert said. This film
is very funny .\par\pard\li2068\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi542\tldot\tx8867 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 ...Kob>ert- e>\t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 a'id (that)
t-he film wa& very funny\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \par\pard\li2068\sb1\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 I'm starting a new job next week.' she
said.\par\pard\li2068\sb241\sl-253\slmult0\fi110\tx2683
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I got my exam
results last week.' he told them.\par\pard\li2068\sb251\sl-253\slmult0\fi105\tx2687
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I can't afford to
buy this dress." said Sally.\par\pard\li2068\sb236\sl-253\slmult0\fi115\tx2620 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 'I would buy a car if I
had enough money." he said to her.\par\pard\li2068\sb242\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex138 Frank said. That's the house where I was
born.\par\pard\li2068\sb241\sl-253\slmult0\fi120\tx2683 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 That was a wonderful
party.' said Jill.\par\pard\li2068\sb237\sl-253\slmult0\fi120\tx2697 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 Oranges grow in hot
countries." the teacher said.\par\pard\li2068\sb241\sl-253\slmult0\fi124\tx2692
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 A lot of people
visit museums.' he said.\par\pard\li2068\sb246\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2692 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 This is a very famous
statue,' the tour guide told us.\par\pard\li2068\sb242\sl-253\slmult0\fi4\tx2712
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I don't like that
jacket." said Bob.\par\pard\li2068\sb231\sl-253\slmult0\fi4\tx2721\tx5635 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I'm lost.' the boy
said,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 (up-to-date
reporting)\par\pard\li2068\sb247\sl-253\slmult0\fi9\tx2726\tx2880 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 may be a little late this evening," she
said.\par\pard\li2068\sb236\sl-253\slmult0\fi19\tx2716 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 You'd better clean up this mess.' Mum said to
Claire.\par\pard\li2068\sb246\sl-253\slmult0\fi19\tx2731\tx8179 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 15\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I've already done the
shopping." she said,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 (up-to-
date\par\pard\li2068\sb1\sl-237\slmult0\fi590 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
reporting)\par\pard\li2068\sb250\sl-253\slmult0\fi28\tx2740\tx2884 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 found this note under the sofa." said
Sue.\par\pard\li2068\sb236\sl-253\slmult0\fi33\tx2745\tx2889 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 won't be late again." he said to
us.\par\pard\li2068\sb242\sl-253\slmult0\fi33\tx2750 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
18\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 If I finish work early. III call you," she
said.\par\pard\li2068\sb246\sl-253\slmult0\fi38\tx2755 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138
19\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 I've been training hard recently.' he told the
reporters.\par\pard\ql \li2088\sb229\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex151 20
Shall I make some tea?' said Zoe. \par\pard\ql \li2083\sb247\sl-
253\slmult0\tx2692 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 21 \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex142 'We must go home now.' said the man to his children.
\par\pard\ql \li2092\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex150 22 Those are
the boys who chased me." Sarah said. \par\pard\qj \li2092\ri2172\sb222\sl-
260\slmult0\tx2707 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 23 I'm going to a party
tonight.' Lynne told her friends, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 (up-to-
date reporting) \par\pard\ql \li2102\sb226\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex150 24 I used to have long hair.' Laura said. \par\pard\ql
\li2107\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex145 25 There is too much
violence on TV." said Grandad. \par\pard\ql \li2116\sb227\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex144 26 You ought to make a decision soon." Andrew told her.
IS\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5950\colsr160\colno2\colw5650\colsr
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 IvO :oLiod ClUOiTVLOUS\par\pard\ql \li2894\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 r\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
Why are\par\pard\ql \li4214\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 you
mixing the\par\pard\ql \li2894\sb14\sl-230\slmult0\tx4156 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 L liquids? ^\par\pard\ql
\li2515\sb177\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 j\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Shall we \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 take
notes?\par\pard\ql \li1171\ri344\sb191\sl-340\slmult0\fi326 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Yesterday, they carried out an experiment. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 One student asked the teacher why he was mixing
the\par\pard\ql \li3057\sb14\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
liquids.\par\pard\qj \li1300\ri450\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\tx2596 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 The other student asked the teacher if/whether they
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 should take notes.\par\pard\ql
\li1099\sb174\sl-207\slmult0\tx1324 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u9830? \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Reported questions are usually introduced
with\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 the verbs
ask, inquire, wonder or the expression\par\pard\qj \li1324\ri282\sb9\sl-
249\slmult0\tldot\tx2685 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 want to know. The verb is in
the affirmative. The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 question mark and
words/expressions such as \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 please,
well\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 oh, etc. are omitted.
The verb\par\pard\ql \li1334\sb31\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
tenses, pronouns and time expressions change as\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 in statements.\par\pard\ql
\li1343\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 e.g. 'What did you make
for dinner yesterday?' Bob\par\pard\ql \li1670\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 asked me.\par\pard\ql \li1680\sb33\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Bob asked me what I had made for dinner the\par\pard\ql
\li1680\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 day before.\par\pard\ql
\li1104\sb139\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \u9830? When the direct
speech begins with a question\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 word (who, where, how old, how long, when, why,\par\pard\ql
\li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 what, etc.), the reported
question is introduced\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 with the same question word. When the direct\par\pard\ql
\li1348\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 question begins with an
auxiliary (is, do, have) or\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 a modal verb (can, may, etc.), then the
reported\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
question begins with if or whether.\par\pard\ql \li1353\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 e.g. Why do you want to leave your job?' Pam asked
me.\par\pard\ql \li1694\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Pam asked
me why I wanted to leave my job.\par\pard\ql \li1742\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 Do you like rock music?' he asked us.\par\pard\ql
\li1694\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 He asked us if/whether we
liked rock music.\par\pard\ql \li1747\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Can you ride a motorcycle?' Ben asked David.\par\pard\ql
\li1694\sb38\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Ben asked David if/whether
he could ride a\par\pard\ql \li1699\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 motorcycle.\par\pard\ql \li1156\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 Turn the questions into reported
speech.\par\pard\ql \li1209\sb13\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 7 .
Begin each one with f asked the ... and\par\pard\ql \li1492\sb14\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 " give the name of the person who does
the\par\pard\ql \li1814\sb19\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 job, as in
the example.\par\pard\ql \li1156\sb143\sl-207\slmult0\tx1411 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 'Do I need another
filling?'\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb9\sl-249\slmult0\tldot\tx5569 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 / asked the dentist if I needed another
filling\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li1142\sb35\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 2 How much does this blouse
cost?'\par\pard\ql \li1147\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 3 How
many tablets should I take each day?'\par\pard\ql \li1147\sb33\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 4 Can I borrow the book for another week?'\par\pard\ql
\li1151\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 5 Will it cost very much
to repair the television?'\par\pard\ql
\li1151\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 6 May I look at the menu,
please?'\par\pard\ql \li753\sb192\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex163
207\slmult0\tx5401 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 7
What do I have to do for homework?'\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80
\ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\ql \li102\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 8 When will the repot be
typed?'\par\pard\ql \li97\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 9 'Will
you be able to deliver the flowers today?'\par\pard\ql \li20\sb37\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 10 'Can I make an appointment to have my hair
cut?'\par\pard\ql \li6264\sb0\sl-345\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li174\sb160\sl-
8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 .\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Turn the
following into reported questions.\par\pard\ql \li6206\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 What is your name?' he asked me.\par\pard\ql
\li394\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tldot\tx3502 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 ...He asked me
what my name was\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li116\sb38\sl-
'Where are your parents?' Uncle Bill asked us.\par\pard\ql \li6206\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 'Will you help me carry the box.
please?' Dad asked.\par\pard\ql \li6206\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 'What time will you be home?' Mum asked me.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 'Can you play the
guitar?' he asked her.\par\pard\ql \li6225\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Who was at the door?' David asked Janet.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 "Where is the post
office?' they asked us.\par\pard\ql \li6230\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 When will you do your homework?' Meg asked
me.\par\pard\ql \li6230\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li140\sb80\sl-
The boss asked me. Have you finished those repots?\par\pard\ql \li6153\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 10\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 John asked Sam. Do you like
computer games?'\par\pard\ql \li6158\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li68\sb81\sl-
Will you give me a lift to work, please?' he asked her.\par\pard\ql \li6158\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 'Where is your jacket?' she
asked him.\par\pard\ql \li6264\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6264\sb0\sl-
Yesterday, Simon interviewed a famous actor. He\par\pard\ql \li231\sb14\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 9 . asked him the following
questions. Turn them\par\pard\ql \li855\sb14\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 into reported questions.\par\pard\ql \li6264\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Do you enjoy being
famous?'\par\pard\ql \li447\sb8\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 ...Simon asked him if/whether he enjoyed
being\par\pard\ql \li447\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\tldot\tx1270 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 famous\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li174\sb31\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 2 What is
the best pat of your job9'\par\pard\ql \li6268\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li178\sb85\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 3 What do you find
difficult about acting?'\par\pard\ql \li6268\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li178\sb80\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 4 'How many films have you
starred in?'\par\pard\ql \li6278\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li188\sb81\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 5 'What is your favourite
film?'\par\pard\ql \li6283\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li193\sb80\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 6 Have you met many other famous
people?'\par\pard\ql \li6283\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li193\sb85\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 7 Where would you most like to make a
film?'\par\pard\ql \li6283\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li193\sb85\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 8 Have you visited many interesting
places?'\par\pard\ql \li6292\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li202\sb81\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 9 'What are your plans for the
future?'\par\pard\ql \li6206\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li116\sb80\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 10 Are you happy with your life?'
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 7 He said to them. Please,
please don't hurt me.' \par\pard\ql \li787\sb18\sl-270\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex99 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 Eoo[: o Li od Co
LuLuo.Lid.ir/ \par\pard\ql \li6124\sb1\sl-209\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 8 The policeman said to the
thieves. Put your hands up!' \par\pard\ql \li1008\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex89 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 vooLu ob*i b/ S u o o o<i lo Li;
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 9 The man said to the waiter. Can you bring me
some\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw4155\colsr160\colno2\colw1582\col
sr160\colno3\colw5713\colsr160\ql \li1809\sb86\sl-230\slmult0\tx2543 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex90 Inform\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ^\par\pard\ql
\li1579\sb26\sl-369\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 the
manager\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 MB\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
immediately.\par\pard\li3628\sb0\sl-108\slmult0\ql \par\pard\li3628\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
\expndtw0\charscalex92\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 \\{\par}}}}
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Let's
call\par\pard\qj \li20\ri501\sb2\sl-240\slmult0\tx289 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100
the computer \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 expet\par\pard\ql \li34\sb1\sl-
187\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 /\par\pard\li4617\sb0\sl-
108\slmult0\ql
{\shp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 *\par\pard\column \ql \li376\sb29\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 water, please?'\par\pard\qj \li6047\sb0\sl-249\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li20\ri841\sb14\sl-249\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 10
Jason said to his father. Please, please let me go to \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 the paty.'\par\pard\ql \li1108\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 The librarian said to the boys. Don't make so
much\par\pard\ql \li390\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
noise.'\par\pard\ql \li1108\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li30\sb39\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 12 The chef said to me. Put the cake in
the oven.'\par\pard\ql \li1108\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1108\sb0\sl-
First read, then report what the
teacher\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4774\colsr160\colno2\colw6826\
colsr160\qj \li1108\ri2369\sb125\sl-237\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex161 r
Please " \line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 don't tell anyone \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 ^ about this. .\par\pard\column \ql \li1244\sb0\sl-
270\slmult0\tx1940 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex88 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 11\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 told the students before
the exam.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb161\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95
\ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs44 A\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30
A\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw5887\colsr160\colno2\colw2313\colsr1
60\colno3\colw3250\colsr160\ql \li1200\ri619\sb48\sl-249\slmult0\fi206 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Lorna asked them not to tell
anyone about it. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Peter told them to inform the
manager right away.\par\pard\ql \li1444\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Jim suggested calling the computer expert.\par\pard\qj
\li1003\ri284\sb149\sl-254\slmult0\tx1248 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \u9830? To
report commands, instructions, requests or \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
suggestions in reported speech, we use an\par\pard\qj \li1243\ri276\sb0\sl-
252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 appropriate introductory verb \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 (ask. order, beg, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 suggest,
tell, etc.) and the to-infinitive, -ing form or \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 that-
clause depending on the introductory verb \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (see page
109).\par\pard\ql \li911\ri639\sb0\sl-244\slmult0\tx1598 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 e.g. a) Stop the car!' the policeman said to him.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 The policeman ordered him to stop the
car.\par\pard\qj \li1300\ri297\sb4\sl-249\slmult0\tx1583 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 b) Put all the ingredients in a bowl.' she said to me.
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 She told me to put all the ingredients in a
bowl.\par\pard\ql \li1305\sb21\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 c)
'Will you please hold this bag for me?' Laura said\par\pard\ql \li1588\sb15\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 to Helen.\par\pard\ql \li1593\sb29\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Laura asked Helen to hold the bag for
her.\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 d) 'How
about going to the cinema?' I said to them.\par\pard\ql \li1593\sb19\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 I suggested going to the cinema.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 10*\ul0\super\cf2\f3\fs30
speech.\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1003\sb163\sl-
The teacher said to the student. Come and see me\par\pard\ql \li1257\sb20\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 after the lesson.'\par\pard\column \ql
\li1048\sb111\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 .*\par\pard\ql
I\par\pard\ql \li6446\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6446\sb0\sl-240\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li640\ri8\sb92\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 If Please leave \line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100
your bags at the front\par\pard\ql \li980\sb4\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
7\charscalex100 of the room.\par\pard\ql \li779\sb207\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex97 Don't\par\pard\qj \li419\ri734\sb2\sl-240\slmult0\tx755 \up0
\expndtw-6\charscalex100 talk during the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100
exam.\par\pard\ql \li409\ri365\sb197\sl-235\slmult0\tx650 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 0 Raise \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 your
hand if you\par\pard\ql \li702\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
need anything\par\pard\ql \li6590\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li995\sb97\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex92 Write\par\pard\qj \li563\ri442\sb2\sl-
240\slmult0\tx947 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 all your answers \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-7\charscalex100 in pen.\par\pard\column \qj \li8510\sb0\sl-240\slmult0
240\slmult0\tx1192 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 K| Answer \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-7\charscalex100 all the\par\pard\ql \li490\sb9\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 ^k questions\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1525\sb160\sl-
240\slmult0\tx97 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 0 Don't^N. \line \tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 forget to write your\\\par\pard\qj \li111\ri1528\sb0\sl-
243\slmult0\tx462 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 name at the top of I \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 the page. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex190 >/\par\pard\ql
\li231\sb161\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 ff Check\par\pard\qj
\li212\ri1288\sb0\sl-244\slmult0\tx356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 ryour answers
again \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 before you hand the\par\pard\ql
\li894\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 aper in.\par\pard\ql
\li1267\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li457\ri1216\sb2\sl-
240\slmult0\tx572\tx894 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 � Please \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-7\charscalex100 leave quietly when \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95
you
finish.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6036\colsr160\colno2\colw5564\
colsr160\qj \li1267\ri267\sb12\sl-249\slmult0\tldot\tx3093 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 ...Th<5 teacher asked the student to go
and see him/ \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 her after the
lesson\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li988\sb11\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 2 He said. Shall we go out for
dinner?\par\pard\ql \li998\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li998\sb44\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 3 Colin said to Dave. Please hold this
book for me.'\par\pard\ql \li993\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li993\sb40\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 4 He said to her. Close the door,
please.'\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1003\sb39\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 5 Father said. How about going to the
beach?'\par\pard\ql \li998\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li998\sb49\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 6 She said. Let's watch the game on
TV.'\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb72\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex181 90 | Page\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 ...He asked the
students to leave their bags at\par\pard\ql \li294\sb0\sl-
221\slmult0\tldot\tx2375 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the front of the
room\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql \li6201\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li25\sb177\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 7\par\pard\ql \li30\sb115\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 8 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart
Pg92}{\bkmkend
lsr110\colno3\colw5396\colsr160\ql \li907\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 [Liiiodudoiy\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 introductory verb\par\pard\ql \li1003\sb11\sl-
J\par\pard\qj \li1113\ri1159\sb17\sl-259\slmult0\tx1156 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 + to - Inf \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 agree\par\pard\ql \li1051\ri1199\sb0\sl-
265\slmult0\tx1161 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?claim
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 demand\par\pard\ql \li1161\sb22\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 offer\par\pard\qj \li1055\ri1199\sb12\sl-
263\slmult0\tx1171 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8226?promise \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 refuse\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb24\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 \u8226?threaten\par\pard\qj \li1017\ri774\sb195\sl-
268\slmult0\tx1166 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 + sb + to - Inf \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 advise\par\pard\qj \li1171\ri1431\sb0\sl-259\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 allow \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
ask\par\pard\ql \li1180\sb37\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
beg\par\pard\qj \li1175\ri1031\sb1\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
command \line \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 forbid\par\pard\qj
\li1180\ri1410\sb5\sl-259\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex96 invite \line \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 order\par\pard\qj \li1075\ri1275\sb14\sl-
259\slmult0\tx1185 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226?remind \line\tab \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 warn\par\pard\ql \li1036\ri781\sb219\sl-268\slmult0\tx1190
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 + -ing form \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
accuse sb of\par\pard\ql \li1070\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1084\sb57\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8226?admit (to)\par\pard\qj
\li1089\ri637\sb267\sl-268\slmult0\fi110 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 apologise
for \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 * boast about/of\par\pard\qj
\li1094\ri392\sb264\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226?complain to
sb of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \u8226?deny\par\pard\qj \li1094\ri1142\sb6\sl-
263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8226?insist on \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 \u8226?suggest\par\pard\ql \li1209\sb206\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 explain to sb + how\par\pard\qj
\li1070\ri762\sb198\sl-264\slmult0\tx1219 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 + that
\u8226? clause \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 explain\par\pard\ql
4\charscalex100 inform sb\par\pard\ql \li1224\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
exclaim/remark\par\pard\column \ql \li3273\sb0\sl-368\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 VoLbb\par\pard\ql
direct speech\par\pard\qj \li3244\sb0\sl-263\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li3244\sb0\sl-
263\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li73\ri489\sb28\sl-263\slmult0\tx188 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 Yes. I'll lend you the money.' \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 saw the robbers.'\par\pard\ql \li77\sb29\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Give me the money.'\par\pard\qj \li34\ri207\sb9\sl-
261\slmult0\tx97 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 'Would you like me to help you?'
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I'll return the book to you soon.' \line
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 'No. I won't call her.'\par\pard\ql \li82\sb33\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Stop shouting or I'll punish
you.'\par\pard\ql \li3263\sb0\sl-263\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li82\ri557\sb200\sl-
263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 You should eat more fruit.' \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 You can go to the paty.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Could you do me a favour?'\par\pard\qj \li97\ri398\sb1\sl-263\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Please, please don't hurt me.' \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
Put your hands up.'\par\pard\ql \li53\ri260\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\fi38 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 You mustn't stay out late.' \line \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 'Will you come to my wedding?'\par\pard\ql \li102\sb30\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Go to your room!'\par\pard\qj
\li106\ri298\sb11\sl-263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Don't forget to buy
some milk.' \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Don't touch the iron.'\par\pard\ql
\li68\sb59\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 'You committed the
crime.'\par\pard\ql \li3278\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li106\sb58\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Yes. I gave away your secret.'\par\pard\ql
1\charscalex100 'I'm sorry I'm late.'\par\pard\ql \li73\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 'I'm the best student in my class.\par\pard\ql
\li3302\sb0\sl-262\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li121\ri206\sb20\sl-262\slmult0\fi105 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 have noisy neighbours.' \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
No, I didn't use your computer.' \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You must finish by
Friday.' \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Let's go out to dinner.'\par\pard\ql
\li126\sb211\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 That's how it
works.'\par\pard\ql \li3302\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3302\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li140\sb35\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I
don't like him because he's rude.'\par\pard\qj \li3302\sb0\sl-264\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li92\ri750\sb6\sl-264\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The
results will come out \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 tomorrow.'\par\pard\ql
\li135\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 What a glorious
day!'\par\pard\column \ql \li11481\sb0\sl-46\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li11481\sb0\sl-
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li6364\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6364\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 reported
speech\par\pard\ql \li6374\sb0\sl-263\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li6374\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He agreed to lend me the money. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 He claimed to have seen the robbers. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He demanded to be given the money. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 He offered to help me.\par\pard\qj \li35\ri1567\sb0\sl-
262\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He promised to return the book to me soon.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He refused to call her.\par\pard\ql \li40\sb32\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 He threatened to punish her if she didn't
stop shouting.\par\pard\qj \li6388\sb0\sl-262\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li44\ri2460\sb202\sl-262\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He advised me to eat
more fruit. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He allowed me to go to the party.
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He asked me to do him a favour. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He begged them not to hurt him.\par\pard\qj
\li44\ri1587\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He commanded them to
put their hands up. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He forbade me to stay out
late.\par\pard\qj \li49\ri2133\sb0\sl-261\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
invited me to (go to) his wedding. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He ordered me to go
to my room.\par\pard\qj \li59\ri2200\sb5\sl-263\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 He reminded me to buy some milk. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 He warned me not to touch the iron.\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He accused her of committing/having committed \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 the crime.\par\pard\qj \li63\ri1288\sb0\sl-264\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 He admitted (to) giving/having given away my \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 secret.\par\pard\ql \li68\sb28\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 He apologised for being late.\par\pard\qj
\li63\ri1068\sb3\sl-268\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He boasted
about/of being the best student in his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
class.\par\pard\qj \li68\ri1534\sb1\sl-263\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
complained of having noisy neighbours. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 He denied
using/having used my computer. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He insisted on me/my
finishing by Friday. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 He suggested going out to
dinner.\par\pard\ql \li78\sb211\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
explained to us how it worked.\par\pard\qj \li6422\sb0\sl-264\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li78\ri889\sb203\sl-264\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 She
explained that she didn't like him because he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was
rude.\par\pard\qj \li88\ri913\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
informed us that the results would come out the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 next
day.\par\pard\ql \li92\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 He
exclaimed/remarked
that it was a glorious day. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1123\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\par\pard\li1123\sb193\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8226? Note: The verbs marked with an asterisk can also be
followed by a that - clause in reported
speech.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6507\colsr160\colno2\colw5093\
colsr160\qj \li1790\ri1397\sb6\sl-264\slmult0\tx2131 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
e.g. He claimed that he had won a prize. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 He
promised that he would call.\par\pard\ql \li2131\sb34\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 He threatened that he would leave.\par\pard\qj
\li2136\ri86\sb6\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 He reminded me that I
had a meeting that afternoon. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 He admited that he was
wrong.\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li729\sb150\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 He boasted that he was very rich.\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri971\sb6\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He complained that he
didn't earn enough money \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He denied that he had taken
the money.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1240\sb2\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 He insisted that I (should) work on Saturday. \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 He suggested that we (should) take out a loan.
6?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5907\colsr160\colno2\colw5693\colsr
\expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 15 * Complete the
sentences.\par\pard\ql \li979\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li979\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 You should spend more time
studying.'\par\pard\qj \li1305\ri699\sb16\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 The teacher advised ...me to spend more
time \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 studying...\par\pard\ql \li1041\sb32\sl-
2\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Don't forget to lock the door before you
leave.'\par\pard\ql \li1315\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Sam
reminded\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tx1363 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I'm sorry I forgot to call
you.'\par\pard\ql \li1310\sb47\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Jim
apologised\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb28\sl-207\slmult0\tx1353 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 You never listen to me.
Stuat.'\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Mary
complained\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx1363 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Shall we go bowling this
evening?'\par\pard\ql \li1320\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Mark
suggested\par\pard\ql \li1046\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1353 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 You mustn't play near the
road.'\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Father
forbade\par\pard\ql \li1051\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1319 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 7\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 'This man stole my
wallet!'\par\pard\ql \li1324\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Mr
Brown accused\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1367 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 8\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 I'm the best basketball player
in the school.'\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 Steve boasted\par\pard\ql \li1055\sb33\sl-
Yes, I took the letter.'\par\pard\ql \li1329\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Claire admitted\par\pard\ql \li979\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx1367 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 10\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 You must stay for lunch, Sarah.'\par\pard\ql
\li1339\sb48\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Mrs Stamp
insisted\par\pard\ql \li988\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1382 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89
11\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Please, please, let me borrow your
bicycle.'\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
Matin begged\par\pard\ql \li988\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\tx1338 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 12\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 'Don't touch the oven. It's
hot.'\par\pard\ql \li1348\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Mother
warned\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1814\sb104\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Fill in the
gaps with one of the introductory\par\pard\ql \li1089\sb0\sl-200\slmult0\tx1804
\up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 16\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 verbs from the list below in
the past simple.\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb203\sl-207\slmult0\tx2678\tx3796\tx4737 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 deny\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 suggest\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 boast\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 agree\par\pard\ql
\li1800\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx2678\tx3791 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
insist\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 accuse\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111
promise complain\par\pard\ql \li1795\sb33\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2687\tx3801\tx4742 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 advise\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 threaten\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 warn\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 remind\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb163\sl-207\slmult0\tx1396 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 I'm the fastest runner
on the team,' he said.\par\pard\qj \li1348\ri163\sb20\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 He ...boasted... about being the fastest runner on the
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 team.\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb38\sl-
didn't take your jacket,' he said to her.\par\pard\ql \li1358\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx4276 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 He\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 taking her jacket.\par\pard\ql \li1089\sb38\sl-
You should go to the doctor's.' Mum said to me.\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3671 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mum\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 me to go to the doctor's.\par\pard\ql \li1084\sb38\sl-
Til call you next week,' she said to him.\par\pard\ql \li1363\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3921 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 to call him next week.\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb38\sl-
Yes, I'll set the table for dinner.' he said to her.\par\pard\ql \li1368\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0\tx3595 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 He\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 to set the table for dinner.\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb33\sl-
He always forgets my bithday,' she said.\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2918 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 that he always forgot her bithday.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Let's go for a walk,' she said.\par\pard\ql
\li1372\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx4334 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 going for a walk.\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb33\sl-
Leave, or I'll shoot,' the man said to them.\par\pard\qj \li1368\ri177\sb4\sl-
254\slmult0\tx4017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 The man\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex108 to shoot them if they \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 didn't
leave.\par\pard\ql \li1099\sb20\sl-207\slmult0\tx1415 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Don't forget to feed the cat,' she said to
him.\par\pard\ql \li1372\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx4122 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 him to feed the cat.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 'You broke my CD player,' she said to him.\par\pard\ql
\li1382\sb43\sl-207\slmult0\tx3211 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 him of breaking her CD player.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb273\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex163 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 92| \up0
207\slmult0\tx428 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex89 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 11\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Don't go near the edge of the cliff,' Dad said to
them.\par\pard\qj \li375\ri999\sb13\sl-244\slmult0\fi4\tx2319 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Dad\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 them not to go near
the edge \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the cliff.\par\pard\qj
\li20\ri956\sb0\sl-245\slmult0\tx390 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 12 You must do
your homework before you go out.' she \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 said
to us.\par\pard\qj \li380\ri994\sb0\sl-244\slmult0\tx1945 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 She\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 on us doing our
homework before \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 we went out.\par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql \li793\sb1\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 Turn the
sentences into reported speech\par\pard\ql \li125\sb0\sl-200\slmult0\tx807 \up0
\expndtw-11\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 17\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 using an appropriate
introductory verb.\par\pard\ql \li6163\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex104 No. I won't do your homework for you.' she said to
me\par\pard\ql \li394\sb38\sl-207\slmult0\tldot\tx4054 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
...She refused to do my homework for me\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex105 You lied to me.' Dennis told Ann.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 promise I won't tell
anyone your secret.' Tara said to\par\pard\ql \li394\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Diana.\par\pard\ql \li6167\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 'Don't forget to post the letters,' Mum said to
I'm sorry I ruined your shit.' Sarah told Frances.\par\pard\ql \li6172\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 'No. I didn't use Tim's
computer.' George said.\par\pard\ql \li6182\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Don't get too close to the fire.' Mike said to the
children.\par\pard\ql \li6182\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li135\sb81\sl-
'Let's have a paty,' Simon said.\par\pard\ql \li6105\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Til punish you if you behave badly,' Mum told
the twins.\par\pard\ql \li6105\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li58\sb81\sl-
It was me who broke the vase,' she said.\par\pard\ql \li6110\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Could I use your phone, please?' David asked
'Yes. I'll help you with the washing-up.' Sandra told me.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 13\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Everyone stop
talking!' Mr Jones told the class.\par\pard\ql \li6115\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
14\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 'Please, please, don't tell anyone about this,'
he said\par\pard\ql \li423\sb42\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 to
us.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li73\sb76\sl-
You should go to the dentist's.' she told her brother.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-
5\charscalex100 16\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Children, sit down!' the school
bus driver said.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li82\sb75\sl-
Throw down your weapons!' the policeman said to the\par\pard\ql \li437\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 robbers.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-
5\charscalex100 18\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 No, you may not stay out late
tonight,' Dad said to\par\pard\ql \li447\sb43\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Louise.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li82\sb76\sl-207\slmult0\tx452 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 19\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex109 'You must wash your hands before eating dinner.'
she\par\pard\ql \li442\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 told the
children.\par\pard\ql \li6120\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li73\sb76\sl-
207\slmult0\tx490 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 20\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
That's the most beautiful necklace I've ever seen!'\par\pard\ql \li442\sb43\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 Amanda said.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 Grammar Revision\par\pard\ql \li720\ri5331\sb23\sl-
489\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Choose the
correct answer \line \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex93 1. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
Please don't make so much noise. I\par\pard\ql \li720\sb157\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3383\tx6619\tx9196 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 studied\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 b. am studying\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 c. studied\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 d.
study\par\pard\ql \li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx3609 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103
2. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ali\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 at the
moment.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx3383\tx6566\tx8942 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 a. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 sleeps\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 b. slept\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. is
sleeping\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 d. has slept\par\pard\ql \li720\sb190\sl-
299\slmult0\tx2510 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 3. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
They\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 on time for meetings.\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx3278\tx6422\tx9062 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 never are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. never
is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 c. are never\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
d. seldom are\par\pard\ql \li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\tx1046\tx2649 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Chairs\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 of wood.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb191\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex117 is made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. made\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. make\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 d. are
made\par\pard\ql \li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx1041\tx4017 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Look! Hatem\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 a horse.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb190\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex117 rides\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 b. will ride\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. is riding\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 d. will
ride\par\pard\ql \li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
6. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Two letters\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 every
day.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\tx3302\tx6570\tx9417 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 a. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 wrote\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 b. is written\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 c. are
written\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 d. write\par\pard\ql \li724\sb191\sl-
299\slmult0\tx4147 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
They\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 the car at this moment.\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx3201\tx6350\tx9081 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 a.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 are fixing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 b. is
fixing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 c. fixed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
d. fix\par\pard\ql \li724\sb185\sl-299\slmult0\tx1041\tx3887 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 8.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Mona always\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 the 8 o'clock bus.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb191\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 catch\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 b. catches\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 c. catching\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 d. will
catch\par\pard\ql \li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\tx1041\tx3057 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 My sister\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 her lessons every day.\par\pard\qj \li720\ri534\sb174\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex119 a) studies\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 b. study\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 c. has studied\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 d. had
\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 studies\par\pard\ql \li835\sb187\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3897 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 10. The bird\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 on the branch of a tree when the farmers shot
it.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\tx2990\tx5596\tx7089 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 a) sat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b) was
sitting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 c) sits\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
c) is sitting\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li748\sb83\sl-299\slmult0\tx3047
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 11. We\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 our
grandfather three times since last month.\par\pard\qj \li720\ri832\sb34\sl-
489\slmult0\tx5567\tx8174 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 a) were visiting b) had
visited\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 c) visited\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 d) have visited \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 12. He cut
himself while he\par\pard\ql \li720\sb158\sl-299\slmult0\tx2990\tx5342\tx7367
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 a) shaved\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b)
shaves\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 c) shaving\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
d) was shaving\par\pard\ql \li748\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\tx3518 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 13. Cows\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 meat. They eat
grass.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx2678\tx4910 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 a) never eat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b) eat
never\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c) doesn't eat d) eat
rarely\par\pard\ql \li715\sb233\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 93 |
\\i\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 in
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 @ \par\pard\li720\sb100\sl-
14. The\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 J\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 when the li\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14
o\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 ht went out.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2572\tx5035\tx7334 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) eat\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) ate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) are
eating\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) were eating\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi115\tx6095 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 15. When I arrived home, the
guests\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 already\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi249\tldot\tx2162\tx3657\tldot\tx4970\tx6561\tx9158\tldot\tx10313 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. had\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 leave\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b.
have\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 left\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. had ...left\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d.
will\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
leave\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi28 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 16.
While he was watching the film his mother\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx5092 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) Cooks\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 b) cooked\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) was cooking
d) had cooking\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi28\tx3096 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 17. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a shower when the
light went out.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2476\tx4780\tx7800
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) has\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) had\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) is having\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) was
having\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi28\tx5985 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
18. Look! The children\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 the
ball.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2563\tx4876\tx7636 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) kick\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) are kicking\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) is kicking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d)
kicks\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi28\tx4276 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
19. Samar\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 from university in
1999.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2894\tx5289 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) graduated\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) will
graduate\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) had graduate d) has
graduated\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9379 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 20. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last saw him,
he\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 to find\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi81 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a job in
London.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3192\tx5908\tx7862 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) tried\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) was trying\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) trying\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) had
tried\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8092 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
21. Before, building the High Dam, some temples\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
moved to safer places.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3134\tx5880
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) have been\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) had
been\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) would been d) would
be\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi86\tx3585 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 22.
Amani\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 , but she stopped when she saw
me.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3187\tx5904\tx8447 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) danced\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) had
danced\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) was dancing\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 d) dancing\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi86 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 23. He fell down, just as he\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3096\tx5812\tx8265 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) Played\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) had played\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) was
playing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) playing\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx4411 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 24. Wafaa\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a magazine when somebody knocked at the
door.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163\tx5851\tx8332 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) read\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) reads\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) was reading\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) had
read\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3696 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
25. He always\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 to work by bus. He never uses his
car.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3028\tx5664\tx8424 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) going\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) is
going\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) has gone\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
d)
goes\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw7500\colsr40\colno2\colw4220\cols
r160\ql \li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 26. My teacher was
pleased because all the students\par\pard\ql \li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\tx3047\tx6009 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 a) had passed\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 b) have passed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 c) will
pass\par\pard\ql \li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 27. By
the time he arrived, the plane\par\pard\ql \li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2702\tx5802 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a) takes\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 b) had taken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 c) will
take\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
94 | Page\par\pard\column \ql \li1172\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 the exam.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1883\sb39\sl-
489\slmult0\fi945 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 d) passing \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 off.\par\pard\ql \li807\sb177\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 d) has taken
28. I said "Hello" to my friend, but he couldn't hear me because he\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 to the\par\pard\li720\sb55\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 radio.\par\pard\li720\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5640\tx8227 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) had Listened b)
was Listening\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) would listen\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 d) is listening\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3407 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 29. Why\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 away last week end?\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5419\tx7910 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) didn't you go b)
won't you go\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) are you going\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 d) haven't you gone\par\pard\li720\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3628 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 30. After I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 my work, I left the office.\par\pard\li720\sb219\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2654\tx4660\tx7449 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) finish\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) finished\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) had
finished\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) finishing\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx4022 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 31. Cats\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 mice.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2294\tx4636\tx7824 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) eats\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) eating\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) has
eaten\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) eat\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx6873 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 32. Scarcely had he finished
his work\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 the telephone
rang.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2116\tx4536\tx7588 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a) than\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) when\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) that\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d)
where\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi86\tx5150
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 33. When I was young we\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 in El-Arich\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2611\tx5356\tx7886 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) lived\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 b) living\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) had lived\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) were living\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx6230 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 34. When I was on holiday,
I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 football every day.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2635\tx5457\tx7910 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) play\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) have played\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) was
playing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) played\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx7367 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 35.When I came to school, I
realized that I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 my English
book.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi81\tx2654\tx5294 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a) forget\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) would
forget\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) had forgotten d)
forgetting\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 36. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 at college from
1995 to 1999.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi331\tx3811\tx7627\tx10646
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) Studies\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) has
studied\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) is studying\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 d)\par\pard\li720\sb51\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 studied\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2486 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 37. I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 you four times since
last month.\par\pard\li720\sb219\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3216\tx6206\tx8097 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a- have visited\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b- am
visiting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c- visited\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 d. have been visiting\par\pard\li720\sb208\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3292 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 38. Having\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 the letter, I went to the post
office.\par\pard\li720\sb219\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2534\tx5548\tx8476 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a) Write\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) wrote\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 c) had written\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d)
written\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx7070 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
39. I went to the petrol station because I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 out of
petrol.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2707\tx5664\tx8553 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a) ran\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b) have run\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c) was running\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) had
run\par\pard\li720\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 40. When
you fill a balloon with hot air, it\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx2654\tx5582\tx8668 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a) rise\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b)rose\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 c)
risen\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d) rises\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 1 have been waiting for you\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 4 o'clock.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174 95|Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 a) for\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) since\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c) ago\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d)
yet\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi168\tx2400 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
42. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to the bank yet.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3206\tx6374\tx8798 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. haven't
gone\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) didn't go\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
c) hasn't gone\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d) doesn't
go\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 43.
I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 all your letters. The job is
done.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3316\tx6379\tx8764 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. have typed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) have been
typing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c) had typed\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d) didn't type\par\pard\li715\sb218\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx5063 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 44. Just as we\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 in the garden, a storm broke out.\par\pard\li715\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3662\tx6211\tx8956 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. sat\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. sit\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. are
sitting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. were sitting\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3873 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 45. After I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 dinner, I went out for a walk.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx2856\tx5735\tx8366 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. have
had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. had had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
was having\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. have\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 46. I haven't seen Mr.
John\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3115\tx5615\tx8102 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. long time\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
recently\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. sometimes\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d. Lately\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx8304 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 47. He didn't listen to our
conversation because he\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to
music.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2529\tx5236 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. listens\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. will
listen\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. was listening d. is
listening\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3619 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 48. They\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 in the sea when
they were on
holiday.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5796\colsr160\colno2\colw5804
\colsr160\ql \li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3206 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 a. use
to swim\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 b. are used to\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb218\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 49. Nada and I are good
friends. We\par\pard\ql \li715\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\tx3282 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. know\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
knew\par\pard\ql \li724\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 50. Sara
is very tired. She\par\pard\ql \li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3316 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 a. has worked\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 b. had
worked\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3083 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. used to swim\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 d. will
swim\par\pard\ql \li1753\sb218\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 each
other for four years.\par\pard\ql \li515\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\tx3069 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 c. had known\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. have
known\par\pard\ql \li577\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 all
day.\par\pard\ql \li366\sb214\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 c. has
been working d. works \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi14\tx2423 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 51. It\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 all day. I wonder when it will
stop.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3321\tx5760\tx8049 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. snows\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 b. snowed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. has
snowed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. has been
snowing\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi14\tx5337 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 52. He told his friend that he\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a new
car.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8724\colsr160\colno2\colw2876\col
sr160\ql \li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3331\tx6590 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 a.
bought\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 b. has bought\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 c. had bought\par\pard\ql \li811\sb208\sl-
276\slmult0\tx3667 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 53.Sam\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 me a moment ago.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb219\sl-
276\slmult0\tx3388\tx6100 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 a. phone\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 b. will phone\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 c.
phones\par\pard\ql \li729\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
54. The thief\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 ,by the time the police
arrived.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3292\tx6129 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 a. escape\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 b.
escaped\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 c. will escape\par\pard\ql
\li729\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\tx3215\tx6042 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 55. When\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 this book\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 ?\par\pard\ql \li720\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\tx2188\tx4564\tx6095 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 a. did\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 write b.
was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Written\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 c.
will ...write\par\pard\column \ql \li755\sb214\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 d. buys\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 d. phoned\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 d. had escaped\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\tx1158 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. is\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 writing \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li724\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx7732 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 56. Jamal's clothes are covered
in paint. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 the room all day.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex174 96|Page
276\slmult0\fi4\tx6883 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 a.
has been painting b. has painted\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. had
painted d. painted\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi14\tx7727 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 57. The ceiling was white. Now it's blue. Sam\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 the ceiling.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6878
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. has been painting b. has painted\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d. had painted d. painted\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi14\tx5923 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 58. After having a bath,
he\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 his supper.\par\pard\li715\sb219\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3326\tx6739\tx9628 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. ate\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. had eaten\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. was
eating\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. has\par\pard\li715\sb50\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 done\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 he often\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
late?\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tldot\tx1783\tx2956\tldot\tx4303\tx5865\tx7118\tx8347 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a) Did\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 arrive\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
Does\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 arrives\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. Do\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 arrive\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d. Does ...arrive\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx4776 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 60.. The computer\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 now.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3360\tx6585\tx9220 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. is
fixing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. fixes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
c. is being fixed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
fixed\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx6364\tx7891 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 61. When we arrived home, they\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 already\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
Lunch.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3321\tldot\tx4523\tx6499\tldot\tx7624\tx9460 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. have ...eaten\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
had\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 eaten\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. will\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 eat\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. are
eating\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx3945 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
62. They often\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to Alex in
summer.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3331\tx6566\tx9307 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. goes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. are
going\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. go\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
went\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx4963 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
63. I was sure that he\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 the same trouble
before.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3566\tx6604\tx9734 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. has\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. had had\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. have had\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
is\par\pard\li715\sb50\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
having\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx5131 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
64. At the moment they\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 to find ways of making
nuclear waste safer.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3292\tx6369\tx9244 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. try\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. are try\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
tried\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. are trying\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx5735 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 65. Enormous amount of
energy\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 when atoms split.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
released\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. releases\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. is released\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
release\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx3964 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
66. Heba always\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 her computer when she has finished
using it.\par\pard\li715\sb219\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3091\tx6134\tx9100 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. switch\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. switching\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. is switched\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
switches\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx5889 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 67. I felt a sleep while I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
TV.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi168\tx3643 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
a) had watched\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) was watching c) watched
d) watching\par\pard\li715\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx4742 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 68. Our team\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 both games
last night.\par\pard\li715\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3143\tx5860\tx8769 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. win\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. will win\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. won\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. is
winning\par\pard\li715\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx7545 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
69. When I came to school, I realized that I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 my
English book.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3072\tx5707\tx8366 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a) Forget\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b) would
forget\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c) had forgotten\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 d) forgetting\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex174 97|Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Grammar Exercise \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul 2. Read the following sentences using the words in
brackets to give the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 same meaning;
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 1. He has not been to Cairo for the last two years,\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (ago)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi4\tx6393 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 2. I haven't seen my uncle
since last week,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (ago)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi4\tx7535 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 3. He learned English during
his stay in England.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
(While)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 4. It's the first time he has ever visited Alex.\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (hasn't)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi96\tx5846 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 5. It is her habit to walk to
school.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (usually)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi9\tx8116 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 6. When I was in Cairo, I went
to the museum every day.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (used
to)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 7. He traveled to Italy and he is still there,\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 (gone)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi91\tx5184 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 8. Class started then I got
there.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (By the time) (As soon
as)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 9. I haven't met him for five years,\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 (since).\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 10. The workers finished painting our
new house. We moved to it. (As soon as)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 11. The man robbed the bank after
drugging the guards. (As soon as) (before)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33\tx7622
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 12. He was writing a report when they dropped in.\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (as)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33\tx6422 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 13. They have never played
tennis before.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (ever)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi33\tx6259 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 14. We go to the gym from time
to time.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 (sometimes)\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
15 They have been cleaning his room for three hours.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 (ago)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi28\tx4958 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 16. Tarek never arrives
late.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (is)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi28\tx8169 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 17. First I did my homework,
and then I played football.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (As soon
as)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 18. After I had a bath, I went to bed.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 (before)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi28\tx7084 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 19. After I had had dinner, I
went out for a walk.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
(Before)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
20. He didn't leave without permission, (until)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 21. They played the match. Afterwards,
they had a bath. (By the time)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx4992 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 22. It's years since I met
him.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (for)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5745 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 23. She frequently visits her
aunt.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (often)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 24. He has not been in Cairo for the last two years,\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (ago)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx7622 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 25. We had the car fixed before
we went on holiday,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (until)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5596 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 26. I last phoned him a week
ago.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (since)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi86\tx7545 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 27. It's the most difficult
question I have ever had.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
(never)\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5880 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 28. He traveled to Italy and
came back,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (been)\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx6076 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 29.
I have not seen Magi since last year,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
(for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 30. The last time I went swimming was last summer.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (I haven't)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi91\tx9038 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 31. The last time we had good
holiday was about ten years ago.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
(for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 32. I haven't gone swimming since last summer.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (The last time)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi172\tx8255 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 33. He traveled to England
last year and he is still there,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
(since)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 34.1 first met her a long time ago.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 35. I haven't seen her since we were
at school, (when)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 36. Before he passed the exam, Ali had studied very
hard.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (After)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi86\tx5409 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 37. He came here a moment
ago.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (just)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi91\tx5664 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 38. He is still answering the
test.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (yet)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi86\tx6441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 39. They went shopping. It
started to rain.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (Hardly/ Scarcely/ No
sooner)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 40. He made a speech and then left the place,\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (until)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
Choose\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi33\tx1128\tx6427 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 He's wet. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 in the
water.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2438\tx4723\tx6912 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a) plays\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) will
play\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c) had played\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 d) has been playing\par\pard\ql \li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2. The sky is full of dark clouds. It \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 a. is rainin\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 o\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 b. rained\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. is rainin\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 o\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 d. is
\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24
oin\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 o \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24
to\par\pard\li715\sb50\sl-276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
rain\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3216\tx5395 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 3. What time\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 the
film\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 ?\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tldot\tx1917\tx3220\tldot\tx7418\tx8640 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. does\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 begin\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. is the film
beginning d. do\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
begin\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. will...begin\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx2947 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 4. she\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 to school before the bell rings.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3451\tx6580\tx8956 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. gets\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. got\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. is
getting\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. will get\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx6988 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 5. Everything is white.
It\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 all night.\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) has been snowing b) snowing c)
snows d) had snowed\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 6. I'm too tired . I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
now.\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx2611\tx4588\tx7833 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. will sleep\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. sleep\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. 'm going to sleep\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
d. 'm sleeping\par\pard\li715\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx4699 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 7. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 unwell all morning.
He is going to sleep.\par\pard\li715\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3571\tx5126\tx6897 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) has been
feeling\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) feels\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
c) felt\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) will feel\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3470 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 9. Who\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 my business papers?\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4\tx3787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a) has been reading\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 b) is reading c) has been read d)
reads\par\pard\li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx1080 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
9.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 15. A : Have you tidied your
room?\par\pard\li715\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi168\tx4900 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
B : No , but I promise I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 it this
afternoon.\par\pard\li715\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\fi4\tx3019\tx6120\tx8971 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. will do\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. 'm going to
do\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. do\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. 'm
doing\par\pard\li715\sb219\sl-276\slmult0\fi33\tx2731 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
10- You\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 for five straight hours. Why don't you
take a
break?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5318\colsr110\colno2\colw6332\c
olsr160\qj \li720\ri258\sb38\sl-489\slmult0\tx3978 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a)
have been working\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 b) work \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 11. I have been waiting for you\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb176\sl-276\slmult0\tx3191 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 a) for\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 b) since\par\pard\ql \li748\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3268
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 12. He\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 to the bank
yet.\par\pard\ql \li715\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3201 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 a.
haven't gone\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 b) didn't go\par\pard\column \qj
\li20\ri2309\sb38\sl-489\slmult0\tx697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 c).are working
d) had worked \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 4 o'clock.\par\pard\ql
\li927\sb176\sl-276\slmult0\tx3337 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c) ago\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 d) yet\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
276\slmult0\tx3395 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c) hasn't gone\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 d) doesn't go \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi33\tx2932 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 13. I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 all your letters. The job is
done.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3316\tx6379\tx8774 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. have typed\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) have been typing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
c) had typed\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d) didn't
type\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6142\colsr160\colno2\colw5458\col
sr160\ql \li748\sb214\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 14. Nada and I
are good friends. We\par\pard\qj \li720\ri1771\sb38\sl-489\slmult0\tx3282 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a. know\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. knew \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 15. Sara is very tired. She\par\pard\ql \li715\sb176\sl-
276\slmult0\tx3321 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 a. has worked\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 b. had worked\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li739\sb211\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex145 101 |
Page\par\pard\column \ql \li356\sb214\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
each other for four years.\par\pard\ql \li169\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\tx2722 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 c. had known\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. have
known\par\pard\ql \li490\sb214\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 all
day.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb213\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 c. has
been working d. works
Pg103}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw6166\colsr160\colno2\colw5434\c
olsr160\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 16 - She has been
stud\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 J o \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24
En\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 lish\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3503\tx4833 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 a) since\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b) for\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c)
ago\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li748\sb151\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 17. She has
been studying English\par\pard\qj \li720\ri446\sb39\sl-489\slmult0\tx2611\tx4919
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 a) for\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 b)
since\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 c) ago \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
18. I hope they\par\pard\ql \li720\sb177\sl-276\slmult0\tx3335 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are coming\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 b.
come\par\pard\column \ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 half an hour.\par\pard\ql \li509\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 d) in\par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex129 half past six. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 d)
in\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li20\sb114\sl-276\slmult0\tx2406 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 c. have
come\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 d. will come \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li710\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi38\tx3192 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 19.
They\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 the meeting if we invite
them.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li710\sb218\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx3177\tx6201\tx8582 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. attend\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. attended\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. will
attend\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. are going to\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li710\sb50\sl-276\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
attend\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li710\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx7723 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 20. My mother is buying flour and eggs. She\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a cake.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li710\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx3047\tx5836\tx8126 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. made\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. will make\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. is
making\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. makes\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li710\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx6441 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 21. Oh, I feel
terrible. I think I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
sick.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li710\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi9\tx3259\tx6297
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. will be\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. going
to be\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. 'm going to be d. ' m
being\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li710\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 22. A : I'm too tired to cut the
grass.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8235\colsr160\colno2\colw3365\c
olsr160\ql \li1055\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\tx5279 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 B:
Don't worry ! I\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 it for you.\par\pard\ql
\li801\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3307\tx6263 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 a. 'm
cutting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. 'm going to cut\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 c. cut\par\pard\ql \li720\sb218\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 23. A: What are you doing tonight?\par\pard\ql
\li720\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\tx2183\tx4055 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 B : I\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 probably\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 TV after
dinner.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\tx3316\tldot\tx6933 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 a.'m ...watching\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b.
have...watched c. will\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
watch\par\pard\ql \li710\sb46\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
watch\par\pard\column \ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
d. will cut\par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb93\sl-276\slmult0\tldot\tx969 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 d. 'm\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 going to \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb223\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf60\f61\fs24\ul 2.
Rewrite the following sentences
using the word(s) in brackets give the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb46\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 same
meaning:-\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi33\tx6729
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 1-They started playing
football two hours ago.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 (since)
(for)\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 2. I decided to decorate my room.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 (going to)\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 3. She started watching TV two hours ago and it is six
o'clock now (since) (for) \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb80\sl-276\slmult0\tx7521
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 4-We have been studying in this school since 1999.
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (for) \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\li724\sb266\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx7584\tldot\tx8824 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 5. We have arranged to hold a
meeting tomorrow.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 (We
are\expndtw0\charscalex100\tab \t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 )\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi9\tx7027 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 6- She has been learning
English for nine years,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
\expndtw0\charscalex127 7. Do you intend to lend him some money?\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (going)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 8- They started working for this computer company since
2006.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx7996 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 9. He travelled to England last
year and he is still there,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
(has)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 10. He travelled to England last year and he came back,\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (has)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi201\tx7550 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 11. We planned to travel to
Canada.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (going to)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi201\tx8385 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 12. I have arranged to give
my wedding party next week.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
(I'm)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 13. She has decided to buy a new dress.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 (going to)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 I4-They started fixing the machine two
hours ago. (for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
15. Shady started painting the room 3 hours ago and it's 8 o'clock now.
\expndtw0\charscalex127 16-We have been staying in this town since 2007 .\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (for)\par\pard\li715\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi33\tx8241 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 17 - She has been learning
German for nine years.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
\expndtw0\charscalex127 18- They started working for this hotel since 2000.\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (for)\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \\i in \par\pard\ql \li748\sb236\sl-
276\slmult0\tx9552 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 19- My
father travelled to the country last year and he is still there, \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 (since) \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 1.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 They as well as
he\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 To school by bus.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi595\tx3475\tx5985\tx6460\tx8683 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a.
go\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. goes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
c.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 going\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. has
gone\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1305\tx5112 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 The kids'
bedroom\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 upstairs on the 2nd
floor.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi595\tx3470\tx5985\tx6460\tx8678
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. it is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 there
are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. is\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Five litres of petrol\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
not enough for the trip from Cairo to\par\pard\li720\sb51\sl-276\slmult0\fi585 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Alexandria.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
c.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
had\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 4.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Most furniture\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 of wood.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi595\tx3475\tx5985\tx6460\tx8683 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are
made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. make\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
c.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 is made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
makes\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 5.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 How\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 information have you got from the
story?\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi595\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
much\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. lots\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
different\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 6.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 How\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Of Egypt's electricity is produced from the
High\par\pard\li724\sb51\sl-276\slmult0\fi595 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
Dam?\par\pard\li724\sb218\sl-276\slmult0\fi590\tx3508\tx6038\tx8702 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 a. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b.
much\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. often\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
d. long\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb151\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1324\tx474
2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 7.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 50 pounds\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Enough to buy a meal.\par\pard\li724\sb214\sl-
were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c.
was being\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. is being\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Neither of us spoke. We\par\pard\li724\sb219\sl-
neither\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. either spoke\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. both\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 didn't d.
also\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 didn't\par\pard\li724\sb50\sl-
276\slmult0\fi1089\tx6484\tx9167 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 spoke\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 speak\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 speak\par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 -,1 in
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 can we use wind to
generate electricity?\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
How\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b. How much\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
c. what\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d. How many\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi28\tx6547 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 10. We have one litre of
milk\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 enough.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi619\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 a. There
are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b. There are\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 c. Those are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d.
That's\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 11.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 The police\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 trying to solve the mystery of the stolen Van
Gogh\par\pard\li748\sb46\sl-276\slmult0\fi590 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
painting.\par\pard\li748\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi595\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. is\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. will\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
can\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 12. The people on the bus\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 afraid when the bus suddenly\par\pard\li748\sb55\sl-
276\slmult0\fi595 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 stopped.\par\pard\li748\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi590\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. was\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. is\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx4363 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 13. Wood\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 To heat some people's homes.\par\pard\li748\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi590\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are
burnt\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. is burnt\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 c. burned\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
burning\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 14. During the fire,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
damage was done to the factory.\par\pard\li748\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi590\tx3513\tx6038\tx8697 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. a lot
of\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
few\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. lots\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5265 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 15. We don't have\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 time. We'll have to hurry.\par\pard\li748\sb219\sl-
many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. some\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
a lot\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. much\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Six months\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 half a
year.\par\pard\li748\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi590\tx3508\tx6038\tx8697 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. is\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. be\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
am\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex125 17.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Five pounds\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 a lot for a cup of coffee.\par\pard\li748\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi595\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 a. are\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 b. cost\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 c.
pay\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 d. is\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?
\par\pard\li720\sb266\sl-276\slmult0\fi28\tx1343\tx3950 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Do you have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Free time this
afternoon?\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. the\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
any\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 19.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 If you are riding a
bicycle, fifty kilometres\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Not such a long
way.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. is\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. wrere\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
was\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 20. One of the team members\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Usually very aggressive.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. be\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. were\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. is\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 water has gone under this old
bridge.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. Many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
Plenty\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. Lots\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
d. Much\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 22. There is plenty of meat, but there is not\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Bread.\par\pard\li720\sb209\sl-
276\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. plenty\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
much\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. a lot\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5606 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 23. I'm sorry. I haven't
made\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 change.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. any\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. many\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
plenty\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. no\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx3926 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 24. Six people\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Injured in a bus accident
yesterday.\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b.
was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
is\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 25. We have two litres of milk\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 that enough for today?\par\pard\li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. Are\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. Was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c.
Is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d. Were\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx4291 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 26. Maths\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 my favourite subject when I was in
school.\par\pard\li720\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 a. was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 b. were\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 c. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 d.
are\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex128 27. The police\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Arrested
three suspects.\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
{\bkmkend Pg108}\par\pard\ql \li11020\sb158\sl-437\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 a. is\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex137 28. Everything \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 a.
were\par\pard\column \ql \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb32\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2617\tx5372\tx7954 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 b. have\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 c. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 d. has\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 OK. Don't get worried.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2617\tx5372 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 b. is\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. has\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d. are
\expndtw0\charscalex127 29. Two million pound bills\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 disappeared from the registers.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
a. have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. has\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d.
is\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 30. I know that mathematics\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Ahmed's favourite subject.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
a. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
c. have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. has\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\expndtw0\charscalex127 31.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Twenty dollars\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 The price of a cinema ticket these
days.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. was\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. is\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. are\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0\tx5668 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 32. Everyone of those films\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 successful when it was first
launched.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb213\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c. is\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. was\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 33. We'd like three
black\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. coffee\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. coffees\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c.
some coffee\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. a
coffee\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 34. Nobody\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 received their
prizes yet.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb214\sl-
have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 c.
has\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. is\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\expndtw0\charscalex127 35. Children's clothes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
costly nowadays.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li720\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\fi623\tx3547\tx6144\tx8894 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a. is\tab
does\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. do\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\expndtw0\charscalex127 36. Don't blame everything on me. Nobody\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 The trouble I've faced.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
a. know\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b. have known\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. knows\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. is
knowing\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 37. Three square
kilometres\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 a small park.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
make\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. makes\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
c. are marking\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. have
made\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex118 38\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 My beige trousers in
the drawer, mum?\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 a. Are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b.
Is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. Have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d.
Has\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\fi0\tx4003 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 39.
We got\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Interesting knowledge at that
meeting.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a. some\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. an\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 c. a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d.
any\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex118 40. There\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 fifteen candies
in the bag. Now I don't see any!\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c.
was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. is\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0\tx4219 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 41. Two hours\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 The time limit for the car race.\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. have\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. has\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 42. Everyone should depend
on\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a. itself\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b.
himself\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. herself\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 d. themselves\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi0\tx4665 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 43. Your new jeans\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 not fit you well.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
299\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 a. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b.
are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. does\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d.
do\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex118 44. No one knows that the team\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 very different lives in private.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
lead\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. leads\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
c. had led\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. is
leading\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex118 45. The dead man's\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 include
no
will.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5064\colsr110\colno2\colw6586\co
lsr160\ql \li1343\sb186\sl-299\slmult0\tx3547 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 a.
paper\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 b. a paper\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 46. Your pyjamas\par\pard\ql
\li1343\sb32\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 have taken them by
mistake.\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\tx3547 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 a. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 b.
are\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 108 | Page\par\pard\column \ql \li990\sb186\sl-
299\slmult0\tx3750 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 c. papers\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 d. newspaper\par\pard\ql \li5174\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 in the drawer. I'm sure your brother must\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 c. were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 d. has
60\qj \li720\ri584\sb133\sl-489\slmult0\tx1343\tx3540 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 47. Either your clothes or
your bag \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 a. is \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 b. are\par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-489\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li720\ri0\sb1\sl-489\slmult0\tx1343\tx3540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 48.
Neither the students nor the teacher \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 a.
are \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 b. is\par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-489\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li715\ri471\sb1\sl-489\slmult0\tx1343\tx3540 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 49. My sister as well as my brothers \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 a. was \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 b.
were\par\pard\qj \li724\sb0\sl-489\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li724\ri596\sb1\sl-
489\slmult0\tx1343\tx3540 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 50. The woman with the long
boots \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 a. live \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 b. live\par\pard\column \ql \li6144\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li989\sb32\sl-276\slmult0\tx5362 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Always
on the floor.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4
\u9632?\par\pard\ql \li20\sb219\sl-276\slmult0\tx2780 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 c. were\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 d. has\par\pard\ql \li6144\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 In the class now.\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx2780 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 c. have\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 d. were\par\pard\ql \li6144\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 in Alexandria yesterday.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2780 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 c. have\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 d. is\par\pard\ql \li6144\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex127 In my neighbourhood.\par\pard\ql \li20\sb213\sl-
276\slmult0\tx2780 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 c. have lived\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 d. were
living\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8739\colsr160\colno2\colw2861\c
olsr160\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
51.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Mr. Helmy, together with the
long boots\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb56\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
neighbourhood.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb213\sl-276\slmult0\tx3547\tx6139 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 a. live\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 b.
lives\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 c. have lived\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0\tx6095 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 52. My new pair of
trousers\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 ... me 250 pounds.\par\pard\ql
\li1339\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3542\tx6139 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. have
cost\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 b. has cost\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 c. are costing\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
276\slmult0\tx4689 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 53. we didn't do\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Shopping last week.\par\pard\ql \li1339\sb214\sl-
276\slmult0\tx3547\tx6139 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a. many\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 b. a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 c.
some\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex132 54. Going to the zoo is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
you shouldn't miss.\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3547\tx6139 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 a. an\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 b. some\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 c. experiences\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb55\sl-
276\slmult0\tx4017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 experience\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 experience\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li729\sb96\sl-276\slmult0\tx4876 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 55. We
need some\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 for writing and drawing
on.\par\pard\ql \li1343\sb214\sl-276\slmult0\tx3547\tx6139 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 a. paper\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 b. a
paper\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 c. papers\par\pard\column \ql
\li1162\sb151\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 In my\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex122 d. were living\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 d. is costing\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 d. much\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d. experienced\par\pard\ql
\li20\sb84\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 d. newspaper
\expndtw0\charscalex126 56. All my friends, even the injured one,\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Celebrating my success.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
a. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 b. was\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
c. have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 d. are\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
{\bkmkend Pg111}\par\pard\ql \li11020\sb158\sl-437\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 � \par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 AIJYAM I\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 i\par\pard\li724\sb228\sl-299\slmult0\fi4\tx8352 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 57. This Video, including all
the details,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 About two hours
to\par\pard\li724\sb27\sl-299\slmult0\fi609 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
watch.\par\pard\li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 a. taken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. have
taken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c. take\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
d. takes\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb77\sl-299\slmult0\fi4\tx6
686 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 58. Mr. Mohammed and his wife\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 want to see that movie.\par\pard\li724\sb186\sl-
doesn't\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. don't\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 c. isn't\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 d.
aren't\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 59. One of my colleagues\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
going on a trip to London.\par\pard\li724\sb190\sl-
were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 d. has\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Is rich in Vitamin C.\par\pard\li724\sb190\sl-
299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 a. Orange\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 b. An Orange\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 c.
Oranges\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 d. The Oranges\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Each student is doing\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 best
to pass the exam.\par\pard\li724\sb195\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 a. his\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. her\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 c. their\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 d.
its\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex122 62. Some species of animals\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 In danger of being extinct.\par\pard\li724\sb191\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 c. was\tab
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Money do you need for your
holiday?\par\pard\li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 a. how many b. How far\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 c. How long\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 d. How
much\par\pard\li724\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\fi0\tx8318 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
64. The teachers, as well as the headmaster,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 To
hold meeting.\par\pard\li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 a. is wanting\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 b.
want\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 c. wants\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
d. are wanting\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex112 65\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 the news on channel one
at eight or nine?\par\pard\li724\sb191\sl-299\slmult0\fi619\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 a. Is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 b.
Are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 c. Were\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 d.
Has\par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li724\sb0\sl-299\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li724\sb69\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 66. Mum has
barn where she raises \par\pard\li1343\sb204\sl-
chicken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 b. chickens\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 c. some chicken\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 d. the
chicken\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb159\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 67. Rice and sugar\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 sold in plastic pages.\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-
have\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 d. has\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0\fi4\tx5145 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 68. The dog or the cats\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 eaten my burgers.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. is\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c. have\tab
299\slmult0\fi4\tx4967 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 69. Some of my family\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Not interested in football.\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c. was\tab
299\slmult0\fi0\tx6864 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 70. Most people think that
politics\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 sometimes a
business.\par\pard\li720\sb190\sl-299\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8899 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 a. may\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. were\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c. are\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 d.
is\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-299\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex119 71. Aya was listening to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
music on the radio.\par\pard\li720\sb191\sl-
299\slmult0\fi623\tx3552\tx6144\tx8894 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 a. one\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 b. a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 c.
some\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 d. man\par\pard\li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex105 111\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 |\tab \up0
253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10704\sb44\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 l \par\pard\ql \li11107\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex145 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 \\( I l.i \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf58\f59\fs102 cv4�!iS \par\pard\ql \li2169\sb0\sl-736\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex148 \ul0\nosupersub\cf30\f31\fs64 Adventure Story
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 TERENCE RATTIGAN
\par\pard\ql \li2947\sb0\sl-1173\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2947\sb202\sl-
mm\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7222\colsr160\colno2\colw688\colsr4
\expndtw0\charscalex138 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 ,:.\par\pard
{\shp
\ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs30 r\par\pard\ql \li3355\sb1\sl-210\slmult0\tx5385 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 &\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 I\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb23\sl-
"**\u8226?\par\pard\ql \li346\sb315\sl-368\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 u\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb46\sl-621\slmult0 \up0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 <\par\pard\ql \li4478\sb74\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 V\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
j\ul0\super\cf5\f6\fs33 :,\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 .\par\pard\ql \li20\sb62\sl-
>\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex166 \u9632?�\u9632? v -v ^\tab \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 ^ \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart
Pg114}{\bkmkend Pg114}\par\pard\ql \li10694\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 @ \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs34 Who was Alexander of Macedon ? \par\pard\ql
He was the son of Philip II, King of Macedon. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri620\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Philip was taught military tactics,
government and diplomacy. He had the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 ability to unify
the territory of Greece, and after he completed this great \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 feat he then turned his attention toward Persia.
\par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-373\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri615\sb13\sl-
373\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 King Philip II was elected as leader
of the army of invasion against \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 the Persian Empire. In
336 BC, with the Persian venture in its earliest \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137
stages, he was assassinated, and was succeeded as king by his son \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 Alexander. \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li705\ri609\sb2\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 The rise
of Macedon during the reign of Philip II was achieved in part by his \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 reformation of the ancient Macedonian Army. His most
important \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 innovation was the introduction of the
phalanx infantry corps, armed with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 the famous sarissa,
an exceedingly long spear. At his time, the phalanx \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
was the most important army corps in Macedonia. \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 Alexander had a higher ambition. He wanted to exercise his
gifts as a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 military leader and prove he was not
inferior to Philip, his father. Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 led 40,000
soldiers by foot and horseback more than 20,000 miles over 12 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 years and built a vast kingdom over 12 year period.
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul PROLOGUE \par\pard\ql
Setting: A palace room in Babylon \par\pard\qj \li715\ri614\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\fi172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 In the prologue we are introduced to
Alexander of Macedon lying on his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 bed about to die. He
is surrounded by Mazares (his servant), Perdiccas and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
Ptolemy (his army officers), The Queen Mother and Roxana (his wife).
Perdiccas and Ptolemy are trying to make Alexander speak and tell them \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 who will succeed him to the throne for all the lands he has
conquered, but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 he doesn't choose any one. \par\pard\qj
\li710\ri608\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Alexander
feels sad because he is dying in bed helpless after all the power \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 and the victories he has achieved. This great military
leader doesn't want \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 to end his life in bed, but in
battle fighting as any knight. Alexander thinks \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 that
he has done something wrong that made the gods angry with him and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 to deserve this punishment. So, his mind is very busy
trying to remember \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 when it started to go wrong.
The prologue ends with Alexander's soldiers coming to the room to salute \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 their dying General. Alexander thanks them for caring and
starts to trace \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 the beginnings of his wrong deeds.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions \par\pard\qj \li811\sb0\sl-
360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li811\ri625\sb51\sl-360\slmult0\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1. How has the prologue
introduced us to the main characters of the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
play? \par\pard\ql \li782\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li782\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li782\sb284\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 2.
"Where did it first go wrong?" Comment. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul /iCt i \par\pard\ql \li5083\sb108\sl-
460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs40\ul Scene
1 \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri6127\sb27\sl-
Setting: The Pythia's room in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Temple of
Apollo at Delphi. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri613\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 In this scene we are in a holy pillared temple hall. The
temple is built into \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 the face of a mountain. Above the
balcony wall there can be seen the back \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 of the head
and part of the shoulders of the immense statue of Apollo. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Inside this temple,
there is the shrine of the oracle that is the mouthpiece \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 of God Apollo. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri584\sb360\sl-
380\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 Here, we are introduced to the
Pythia, the priestess of Delphi and the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 mouthpiece of
god Apollo. She gives the god's answers to the questions of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 the worshippers. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-375\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li715\ri544\sb10\sl-375\slmult0\fi168 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The
Pythia was praying when a young Macedonian officer, Hephaestion, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 entered her room. The Pythia orders him to leave this holy
forbidden place, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 but he explains to her that he has
come under orders from Alexander of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Macedon who wants
to see her to ask God Apollo a question and he needs \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
it to be answered at once. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
Pythia refuses and says that his master has to write down his \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 question, and then he has to fast and pray for a certain
time. After that, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 his question might be answered.
Alexander climbs the statue of God Apollo and enters the Pythia's room \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 through the balcony. He introduces himself and gives the
Pythia his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 written question. The Pythia is surprised
by the question, but she promises \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 to put it in front
of the Council of the Priests. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-376\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li720\ri612\sb8\sl-376\slmult0\fi168 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 We
understand through the conversation between Alexander and the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Pythia that his question is about whether Alexander will be
able to rule \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 over a world-wide empire. The Pythia is
surprised by the question and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 makes fun of Alexander
by asking about the number of his army and the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 number
of Darius's army. Alexander tells her his plan on how to defeat an \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 army of quarter of a million by an army of 35 thousand.
He's going to send \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 @ \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Parmenion to secure a bridge head across the
Hellespont, and then he'll \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 attack right into the
middle of the Persian land. He will defeat any army the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 locals have prepared there and then he will march down the
coast to free \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 all the Greek colonies. By that time, he
will meet Darius in Syria. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri604\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi182
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Moreover, he explains that his weapons are speed and
surprise. His army \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 can move fast because it is small
and can surprise the enemy by their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 quick movement.
Asiatics think that their enemy will fight them by the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
book of rules, using the traditional ways, but Alexander will break their \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 beliefs, surprise them and win the battle. \par\pard\qj
\li710\ri606\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\fi172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 The Pythia
asks him for his reasons to fight Darius. He answers saying \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 that he has two motives for conquering the world. First, he
believes in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 world state. He wants to unite the
world under one government with a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Greek ruler to
achieve universal peace. He intends to keep each country \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 with its laws and customs; only the king must be Greek.
Alexander believes \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 that this is a small price for
peace. \par\pard\qj \li710\ri631\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\fi191 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Second, he wants to prove to himself, his father and to all
people that he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 will be a better king and ruler than
King Philip (his father). \par\pard\qj \li715\ri611\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi168 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 The Pythia stops making fun of him and begins to sympathize
with him \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 instead. Alexander keeps asking her for an
answer to his question, and she \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 keeps telling him that
she cannot give him one until she tells him that he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 is
"invincible" meaning that he cannot be conquered. Alexander takes the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 Pythia's word as Apollo's answer\u8212?he will never be
defeated. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri609\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi168 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 The Pythia advises him to know himself before conquering
anybody else. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 She also warns him that there will be a
final battle and he has to be ready \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 for it, but he
tells her that he is sure he will win even that battle. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
6?\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10831\colsr160\colno2\colw769\colsr
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions\par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) Write a short note on:\par\pard\column \ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 Wl \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Alexander's complex relationship with his father had a
great effect on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 his life (increased his desire to
conquer the world). \par\pard\qj \li724\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li724\ri595\sb380\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 2) "If I
do the impossible, it won't be because I've become a god, but \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 because I was born Alexander." Comment. \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf36\f37\fs26\ul /iCt i \par\pard\ql \li5107\sb127\sl-
2 \par\pard\qj \li734\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li734\ri5361\sb31\sl-
Setting: A corner of the hanging gardens, \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
Babylon. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri604\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Darius, King of Persia, is sitting with his mother, wife
and daughter. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 also has a guest, Prince Bessus,
Satrap of Bactria. The atmosphere is very \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 relaxed.
378\slmult0\fi172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 After reading a letter from a spy in
Gordium, Darius smiles and begins to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 admire Alexander.
In the letter, Darius is informed how cleverly Alexander \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 was able to solve the Gordium Knot by cutting it with his
sword. Darius \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 reads the letter to Bessus, and tells
him what Alexander did despite the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 arrangements Darius
had made to prevent Alexander from any trickery of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 any
kind while untying the knot. They both agree that Alexander is clever. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Furthermore, Darius sees in Alexander's behavior an element
of old-world \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 bravado that he likes; yet, Bessus thinks
that a mad man like Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 on the head of any army
is dangerous. Darius says that Alexander doesn't \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 have
an army, just a skirmishing force. Bessus reminds Darius that this \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 'skirmishing' force has already defeated a Persian army in
Granicus. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-373\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri580\sb14\sl-
373\slmult0\fi187 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Darius doesn't believe Alexander won
the battle at Granicus. One of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Darius's generals,
Arsites, was responsible for the loss. Darius believes \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
Alexander's generalship was idiotic. He hurled himself and his companions \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 straight at heavy chariots yelling Homeric battle cries!
380\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Darius has now prepared an army of
three hundred thousand troops to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 meet Alexander at
Issuz, defeat him, and take him as a captive. In \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
addition, he's taking his family with him to Issuz. The Queen Mother sees \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 the campaign as an outing. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex120 After the battle, Darius is thinking of having Alexander as
a companion to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 amuse him. The Queen Mother sees
Alexander as a barbarian. Bessus \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 believes the Greeks
talk of Persians as barbarians. Darius gives the Greeks \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a reason for thinking of the Persians this way. They are a
very backward \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 race, and they have never advanced
beyond the idea of the democratic city-\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 state which Persia left behind centuries ago.
Consequently, the Greeks kill \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 each other off by the
thousands every year in national wars. They have not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
reached the point of a world empire, as in Persia, at which there has been \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex141 no serious fighting for over two hundred years. It is
behind their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 understanding. Accordingly, they label
Persians as barbarians to save their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 political self-
respect. \par\pard\qj \li710\ri613\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi172 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Towards the end of the scene, Darius receives a letter
informing him that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Alexander has crossed the Celician
Gates. He has covered seventy miles in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 two days.
380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li748\ri2645\sb15\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) Show how Darius and his
companions underestimated \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Alexander as a military
leader. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb280\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 2)
"We don't want another Granicus." Comment. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
437\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 Act I
\par\pard\ql \li5107\sb263\sl-437\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 Scene 3
Setting: The interior of Darius's tent at \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
Issuz. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri614\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi76 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 At the beginning of the scene, we understand the Persians
were defeated \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 in the battle. Cleitus, one of
Alexander's Companion Cavalry officers is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 inside
Darius's tent eating and allowing himself to take expensive souvenirs \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 (a gold dish and a gold box). \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 When asked about his master's documents, Darius's servant,
Mazares, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 admits that he had burnt all of them. Mazares
shows Cleitus, Parmenion \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 and Philotas, however, all
the riches Darius has inside his tent. Parmenion \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
hardly believes what he sees: a style of living one would not expect of a \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Commander-in-Chief in the field. Philotas, on the other
hand, admires the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 magnificence in which Darius
lives. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-376\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li715\ri601\sb8\sl-
376\slmult0\fi182 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Philotas and Cleitus disagree about
the battle. Each one of them wants to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 prove to the
other that his regiment has fought better. Parmenion stops the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 escalating argument and says that all the army has done
well. They have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 all performed their parts faithfully
to fulfill Alexander's genius plan. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Parmenion further
supports his view of Alexander by reminding Philotas \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
that he, Parmenion, served under Philip who was himself a genius military \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 leader. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li715\ri607\sb1\sl-380\slmult0\fi81 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 As
the three continue their conversation, we understand further that \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Cleitus is very close to young Alexander. He, Alexander,
even calls him \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 "Father Cleitus". We learn that Cleitus
once saved Alexander's life at the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 battle of Granicus,
and Alexander in turn has not forgotten that. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Alexander enters, wounded but triumphant. He has Darius's
mantle with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 him, but says that Darius is still alive.
After Alexander admires the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 Persian's majestey's taste
in camp furniture and sees the box full of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 treasures,
he decides to give his men a bonus out of Darius's treasure box. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 Cleitus then tells Alexander that he has kept some women
captives for him \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840{\bkmkstart
Pg122}{\bkmkend Pg122}\par\pard\ql \li10694\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 @ \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 to see, but Alexander isn't interested; instead, he
asks Parmenion how his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 father, Philip, would have felt
if he had been there to see the battle. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Parmenion
answers that Philip would have been very proud of his son. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Alexander, then, says his very famous line...
\par\pard\qj \li715\ri627\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 "O
God\u8212?if there is any justice in heaven\u8212?let my father know what I have
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 done today. Let him see me now\u8212?in Darius's tent,
wearing Darius's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 mantle\u8212?and let his eyes burn
with the sight." \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-375\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li710\ri602\sb10\sl-375\slmult0\fi86 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
Alexander asks Hephaestion if he has done the impossible by leading \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 35,000 against quarter of a million. Hephaestion answers
that Alexander's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 divinity is assured. Alexander then
recalls one of the sayings of their tutor, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Aristotle,
that "a true emperor is a god among men" before he looks at the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 throne of Darius. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-377\slmult0
Cleitus comes in with the three female captives. They are two women and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 a girl. The girl recognizes the mantle Alexander is wearing
and says that he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 is wearing her father's cloak. Up to
this moment, Alexander has no idea \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 about the identity
of his captives, but as soon as he realizes that they are \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 the Persian Royal Family, he puts Cleitus under arrest.
Alexander then \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 starts to apologize to the Queen
Mother. He tells her that her son is neither \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 dead nor
captured, and he assures her that Darius fought bravely in the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 battle. Unfortunately, he was defeated because the gods
were not on his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 side. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Alexander commands Hephaestion to escort the royals to
their proper \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 tents, to give them a guard of honour,
and to find them servants and see \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 that they are given
every comfort that they are used to. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri585\sb380\sl-
380\slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Before they leave to their tents,
Alexander asks if he could do anything for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 them, and
the little Princess says that she wants her lion cub. Alexander \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 promises to return it to her as he knows that Hephaestion
has found it and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 taken it into his tent.
Also, Alexander decides to give the Queen Mother Darius's mantle to keep \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 her warm. The Queen mother is very touched. She suppresses
a cry as she \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 wraps the mantle close about her and
leaves. \par\pard\ql \li705\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li705\sb106\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 The scene ends with Alexander preparing to
take his imperial bath. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions\par\pard\qj \li748\sb0\sl-379\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li748\ri1134\sb24\sl-379\slmult0\tx911 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "We all of us happen to have
the honour of serving under a \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 military
genius." Comment.\par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-376\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 2) "O God - if there is any justice in heaven - let my
father know what \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 I have done today. Let him see
me now - in Darius's tent, wearing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Darius's
mantle and let his eyes burn with the sight." Comment.\par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\li720\ri819\sb40\sl-374\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 3) What in your
opinion explains Alexander's sudden interest in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
remembering the sayings of Aristotle?\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ql \li11107\sb0\sl-138\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li11107\sb0\sl-138\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs12 \u8226?\u9632?, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex172 ! Ill
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 Act I \par\pard\ql \li5107\sb103\sl-437\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf71\f72\fs38\ul Scene 4
Setting: A pavilion in the hanging gardens. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
Babylon. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri611\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi172 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex139 We understand that after the battle of Issus and the defeat
of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Persians, there have been some peace talks
between the two fighting \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 forces. Darius started these
peace talks by offering Alexander three things \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 in
return for the royal family who were taken as captives. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Darius offered Alexander ten thousand talents. He also
offered Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 his daughter's hand in mariage at
any suitable time in the future. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 Moreover, he offered
him Egypt, Asia Minor and the lands west to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Euphrates.
376\slmult0\fi158 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Alexander refused all three offers.
First, he said that he didn't need any \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 money, and if
so, he would get it by conquest. Second, he wasn't interested \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 in marriage, and if so, he would not need his father-in-
law's approval. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Finally, concerning the lands, he said
that they were already his. And if \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Darius wanted to
offer him something, let it be all the lands of the Persian \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Empire east of the Euphrates. Alexander asked Darius to
surrender and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 promised not to harm him.
380\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Darius tells Philotas that his
offers to Alexander were generous and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 honest. By these
offers he was betraying his country, but now Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
relieves him from this burden. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-377\slmult0
Philotas informs Darius that his wife died and that Alexander sends his \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 condolences. Darius's daughter, Princess Statira, has sent
her father a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 letter telling him that
Alexander gave her mother all the royal honours at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
the funeral and that she was buried as if she was a queen in her own \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex139 country. She also tells her father in the letter that after
the funeral \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Alexander went home with her, played with
her, and kept visiting her for a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 week to cheer her up.
The little princess wished that her father was there \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
to see how kind Alexander was. She was sure that he would like him just \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 like herself and the Queen Mother. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 M I U \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions \par\pard\qj
\li748\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li748\ri1506\sb15\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "But these negotiations -
involving as they do the question of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 boundaries - may
be very complicated." Comment. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 2) Give a short account on the following: \par\pard\ql
\li715\sb38\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 a) Peace negotiations
between Darius and Alexander. \par\pard\ql \li705\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 b) Statira's Funeral. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
A Ar%4- T\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 ^< ' o\par\pard\ql \li5112\sb412\sl-
V \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb136\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Setting: Alexander's tent
at Gaugamela \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-376\slmult0
Alexander has a meeting with his commanders and officers to discuss the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 plan for the next day's battle. He is very pleased that he
was able to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 surprise Darius and cross the desert in
less than six months. Darius's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 army has paved a
corridor wide enough to use their heavy scythed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134
chariots. Alexander is now able to figure out Darius's plan to attack \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 Alexander's army. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
Darius has planned to attack the middle of Alexander's army in order to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 split it into two halves so it could be easily defeated.
Alexander, however, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 decided to use Darius's tactics
against him. Alexander's counter plan is to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 depend on
the enemy's lack of cohesion in the battle. He will attack first \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 and will let the Persians surround him from all sides; this
way the Persian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 army will be divided into three parts
and can be easily defeated. When the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 army has divided,
Alexander will attack Darius with the aim of capturing or \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 killing him. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-376\slmult0
Parmenion suggests a surprise attack by night, but Alexander says that he \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 won't steal a victory. It is very clear that Alexander is
concerned with the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 welfare of his soldiers; he says
that they must eat well and have enough \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 rest before
the battle. Philotas suggests taking a group of soldiers and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex137 making lots of noise to keep the Persian army awake all the
night. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Alexander agrees on condition that Philotas
won't go with them. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-377\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li715\ri585\sb7\sl-377\slmult0\fi81 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 After
the meeting, Parmenion tells Alexander that two plots have been put \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 to assassinate Alexander. First, Darius has formed a
special detachment of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 his horse guards\u8212?the so-
called Immortals\u8212?and has given them the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 mission
to cut through to wherever Alexander may be and strike him down \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 at whatever cost to themselves. Parmenion suggests that
Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 shouldn't wear his red cloak nor ride his
horse. Alexander doesn't approve \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 of this and says he
will call the Immortals to come and try to kill him. The \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 second plot is to be caried out by the Queen Mother. A spy
was arrested \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 and confessed that the Queen mother
agreed to put poison in the drink she \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf34\f35\fs92 � \par\pard\qj \li715\ri613\sb0\sl-380\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 prepares for Alexander
every night. Parmenion didn't arrest her but left her \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
for Alexander to deal with. \par\pard\qj \li710\ri614\sb258\sl-380\slmult0\fi86
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Alexander takes the drink the Queen Mother has
prepared for him and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex134 asks her to read the verbatim
account of the interrogation of the spy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 caught while
he drinks. The Queen Mother tells Alexander that she has \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 agreed to poison him to prevent the spy from asking someone
else to kill \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Alexander (but she has not planned to
kill Alexander). \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-370\slmult0
Alexander asks the Queen Mother about Darius's father and if Darius used \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 to love him. She tells Alexander that Darius's father was a
good man and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Darius loved him very much.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "I shall use Darius's own
tactics against him." Comment \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\ri1514\sb11\sl-380\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 2) "Tomorrow, I am the Master of the World - the
mortal partner \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 of Gods or I am dead. Either way there
is nothing to fear." \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\ql
230\slmult0\fi0\tx11404 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex71 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
N(\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex80 o\par\pard\ql \li5375\sb0\sl-288\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 \ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs32\ul nCt 1 \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 Scene 6 \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Setting: Among the rocks, Parthia. \par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Darius is lying in a small farm-cart. Bessus shakes Darius
to wake him \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 up. They don't have time to lose.
Alexander is only an hour or two behind \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 them. He has
taken the short way through the open desert to get to them. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Darius reminds Bessus that Alexander is neither a man nor
in his senses; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 he is a mad demi-god. Bessus admits he
was wrong in his estimation and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 expectations of
Alexander. Bessus keeps urging Darius to get on his feet. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Darius, however, doesn't want to run away and says it is no
use running as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Alexander will be able to get them.
380\slmult0\fi91 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Darius has only 300 soldiers left. He
says that if he were Alexander, he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 could conquer the
world with them. Bessus, knowing that Alexander is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127
approaching with a force of 50, directs Darius to get his men into battle \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 formation and fight Alexander and his men. Darius, however,
asks his men \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex136 to surrender to Alexander. Bessus stabs
Darius with his sword and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 announces he is the new King
of Persia. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-373\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri594\sb13\sl-
373\slmult0\fi86 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Darius\u8212?struggling to make a
statement before he gives his last breath\u8212? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 calls
for anybody to come and hear what he has to say. A Greek soldier \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 comes; Darius tells him that he has chosen Alexander of
Macedon to be his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 successor to the throne.
380\slmult0\fi81 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Alexander comes. He moves slowly to
the cart in silence, and stares for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 some moments at
the dead Darius. Then he starts to apologize to Darius. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 He says he had to fight him; he had no other choice.
Alexander commands \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Hephaestion not to say that
Alexander, when he saw the dead King Darius, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 begged
his forgiveness and wept. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-375\slmult0
Hephaestion, reflecting on the sight of the cart carrying the dead body of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 Darius, remembers the wagon in the citadel in Gordium. He
sees the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 resemblance between the two: The Empire of
the World in a farm cart\u8212?and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 here it is.
Alexander says that he hasn't solved the puzzle as he believes \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 that puzzles aren't solved by swords. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex122 127 | Page
\ul0\nosupersub\cf62\f63\fs78 i? \par\pard\ql \li4958\sb1\sl-409\slmult0 \up0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1)"I said he was neither a man nor in his senses. A mad
demi-god." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 2) "The Empire of the world in a farm
cart." Comment. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Act II \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 Scene I
\expndtw0\charscalex130 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Setting: Alexander's tent.
Bactria. \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li705\ri622\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 The scene starts with Ptolemy reading
aloud to Bessus three accusations \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 that he was found
guilty of: \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb108\sl-
322\slmult0\fi33\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 1)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 He killed his rightful king Darius.\par\pard\li720\sb57\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex115 He claimed himself to be the new King of
Persia.\par\pard\li720\sb57\sl-322\slmult0\fi0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115
3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 He rebelled against his rightful King
Alexander, King of Persia, and by\par\pard\ql \li715\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 that rebellion he caused the death of many of his majesty's
subjects. \par\pard\qj \li710\ri606\sb371\sl-380\slmult0\fi163 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Accordingly, Bessus is to be sent to the Council of Medes
and Persians \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 who are to put him to death by anyway
they choose. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-375\slmult0
Bessus asks Alexander to be executed in Alexander's camp like any other \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 soldier because the council will grant him a comfortable
death. Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 refuses. He wants the Persians to
think he really is their rightful king. If he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 punished
Bessus according to the Greek laws, the Persians would not \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 consider him their king. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Alexander is planning to conquer India next, shortly. All
army officers \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 aren't happy. They want to go home.
Alexander explains to them they \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137 cannot go home until
the Persians have ceased to think of them as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 barbarian
conquerors and have come to accept them as their lawful \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 masters. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-377\slmult0
Ptolemy informs Alexander of a serious problem in Herat.
Insurgents led \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 by a local chieftain, Oxyartes, have
wiped out the Greek garrison there. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Alexander thinks
of killing Roxana, the daughter of Oxyartes, and who is \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 held captive in Alexander's camp, and of sending her head
to her father to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 stop him from resisting Alexander.
Cleitus rejects the idea of killing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 hostages saying it
doesn't work very well in that part of the country. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
Ptolemy, on the other hand, suggests that Alexander should marry Roxana. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Ptolemy explains his view saying that these people would be
dangerous if \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 they were united, but if Alexander married Roxana, they
would never be \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 united against Alexander.
Cleitus objects to Alexander's marriage to a barbarian girl, and Ptolemy \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 suggests captivating titles to present their marriage to
the public. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri585\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 Hephaestion arrives and Alexander tells him about his
intension of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 marching to India and building a city
with the name "Alexandria-at-the-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 end-of-the-
world". Then Alexander starts to tell Hephaestion about Philotas. \par\pard\qj
\li710\ri585\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\fi187 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 Philotas is
imprisoned because he is accused of plotting against \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
Alexander's life. There was a man called Dymnos who thought that the only \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 way to stop the war and go home was killing Alexander.
Philotas heard \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 about Dymnos' plan but didn't take it
seriously, and never told Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 about it.
Alexander heard about that plan from his spies and arrested \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 Dymnos who killed himself by the knife he had been
sharpening for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Alexander. Philotas' negligence looked
a little suspicious at that time, but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 he was proven
innocent. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri627\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Philotas is brought before Alexander to face other charges.
Philotas is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 accused of making offensive statements
against Alexander. \par\pard\ql \li1036\ri605\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\tx1416\tx1425
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 1) "The greatness of a man is not measured by what he
does but by \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 what he is. On that premise,
Alexander is about as great as my as \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 great
as my little finger." \par\pard\qj \li1003\ri618\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\tx1444
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 2) "People say that Alexander is a god. Surely the
placer for a god is on \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Olympus\u8212?not on
the throne of Asia. \par\pard\qj \li1003\sb0\sl-360\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li1003\ri621\sb37\sl-360\slmult0\tx1425 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
3) "We began as the companions of a Macedonian adventurer. We've \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 ended as the slaves of an oriental despot." \par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex117 Alexander sets one condition to free Philotas. At his
trial, Philotas makes a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 speech in which he retracts
every word he has ever said against Alexander. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126
Furthermore, Philotas has to swear to Alexander that he will never say \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 another as long as he lives. Philotas refuses and he is
therefore executed. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf52\f53\fs114 0 \par\pard\qj \li715\ri585\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\fi81 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex142 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Alexander
next plans to exterminate Parmenion. He commands \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
Hephaestion to go to Babylon to arrest and kill Parmenion. Alexander says \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 that Parmenion has a great control on his men and could
cause Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 trouble so the best thing was to say
that, like his son, he was a traitor. One \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 more thing,
Parmenion must die resisting arrest. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 (Parminion
couldn't be \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
taken to court and tried as he wasn't really a traitor) \par\pard\qj
\li720\ri600\sb373\sl-373\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Hephaestion
refuses to go to Babylon. He tells Alexander that if he went \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 there he would betray Alexander and wouldn't kill
Parmenion. Hephaestion \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 also tells Alexander that he
would not commit suicide even if Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 ordered
him. \par\pard\ql \li710\ri611\sb2\sl-380\slmult0\fi177 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Alexander is angry and says that this moment he has no
friends in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 world. Then he sends Perdiccas to
Babylon to carry out the mission. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 At the end of
the scene, Alexander makes Roxana choose between a ring \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 and a dagger. When she chooses the ring, he decides to
marry her because \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 she has the quality of luck.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Questions \par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "Alexander is not my rightful sovereign." Comment
\par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-360\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li720\ri1355\sb107\sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2) "The
greatness of a man is to be measured not by what he does \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 but by what he is." Comment \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 3) Why did Hephaestion despite his loyalty
to Alexander refuse \par\pard\qj \li715\ri614\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi91 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 to go back to Babylon and carry on with the mission
Alexander had \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 given him? \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 Act II \par\pard\ql \li5107\sb103\sl-437\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex133 \ul0\nosupersub\cf71\f72\fs38\ul Scene 2 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Setting: A corner of the
hanging gardens. Babylon \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
scene begins with Perdiccas handing the Queen Mother a written \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 message from Alexander. Alexander wants the Mother Queen to
go to him. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Perdiccas is escorting her. The Queen
Mother thinks she has become a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 prisoner; Perdiccas
explains that Alexander wants to see her before he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
starts his campaign to India. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-377\slmult0
Perdiccas tells the Queen Mother that he has another duty in Babylon, but \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 he does not disclose details. When the Queen Mother asks
why Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 has not sent Philotas for this
mission\u8212?since Parmenion, his father, is in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
Babylon, and it would be good for the two to be together, she is informed \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 by Perdiccas that Philotas is under arrest for high
treason. The Queen \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Mother feels
sad for Alexander and pities him. She realizes that Alexander \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 has changed and begun to turn against his own friends. That
change will \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 cause his downfall. \par\pard\qj
\li710\ri613\sb361\sl-380\slmult0\fi187 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 Parmenion
comes to greet the Queen Mother before meeting Prediccas. The \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 Queen Mother tries to warn him about Perdiccas as she
thinks that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Perdiccas is there to harm him. It takes
Parmenion a while before he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 realizes the danger, but
wonders why Alexander wants to arrest him. When \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 the
Queen Mother suggests to him that perhaps his son, Philotas, has \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 something to do with the new arrangements, Parmenion begins
to relate \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 what is happening around him, and asks if
his son is already dead. The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Mother Queen urges him to
think of himself, and advises him to take a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 different
route out of the palace. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-370\slmult0
Parmenion takes a locket off his neck, gives it to the Queen Mother, and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 asks her to give it to Alexander-a.s it was given to him by
his father Philip. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Parmenion decides not to escape. He
goes to meet Perdiccas unarmed. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "He must be careful he doesn't fall over the edge of
the world." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 2) "Poor Alexander." Comment. \par\pard\qj
\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri1364\sb371\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 3) Why do you think Parmenion went to see
Perdiccas despite the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 danger that is awaiting him?
\expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Act II \par\pard\ql
\li5112\sb137\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 Scene 3 \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Alexandria-
at-the-End-ofthe World \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
scene begins with Alexander, Ptolemy and Cleitus drinking wine. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Alexander is studying the map of India and telling them
about what he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 sees. Ptolemy is ready for the march
into India. Cleitus isn't happy. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 wants to go back
home. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-373\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri602\sb13\sl-
373\slmult0\fi187 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Ptolemy starts to make fun of
Cleitus and his world. Alexnader makes \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 some remarks
that Cleitus finds very offensive to their Greek background. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Alexander apologizes and asks Cleitus to give him excuse.
It is Alexander's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 wedding day. \par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Hephaestion arrives. He speaks to Alexander formally.
Alexander wants \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 him to attend his wedding ceremony and
to sit at his right hand. Next, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 Alexander and
Hephaestion reconcile. Alexander apologizes to Hephaestion \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 and tries to explain why he has become a despot. He says
that the only \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 way he can keep his ideal, the world
state, safe is to become a strong king. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 He has worked
hard to build this world state and he must do anything to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex138 protect it. Alexander says that he cannot be Alexander the
kind or \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Alexander the merciful because those titles
mean Alexander the weak. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 must be strong to be able
to defend his empire from his enemies as well as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 his
friends. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-377\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri585\sb6\sl-
377\slmult0\fi163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Alexander and Cleitus get drunk.
Alexander wishes the Queen Mother \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 were at his side to
help him at his wedding. He says 'Dear Mother' in front \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 of his friends. Cleitus reminds Alexander his mother is a
Macedonian. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Alexander insists the Queen Mother is his
mother and she is Cleitus's \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Queen. The heat between
the two rises as Cleitus is objecting to bowing, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
scraping and kneeling to barbarians (Persians). Moreover, Cleitus cannot \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 accept to have Persians in the Companion Cavalry he is in
command of. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Yet, what pushed Cleitus to the limit is
what he has to do at the wedding \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 ceremony. He finds it
very humiliating for a Greek to kneel at the foot of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
the throne and place his head to the ground. Alexander points out to him it
Pg136}\par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex135 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 is customs they are bound to
respect, and as a lawful Persian King, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Alexander must
carry out the wedding ceremony according to the rites and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 usages of his Persian ancestors. \par\pard\qj
\li720\ri601\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 The two lose
their temper at this point. Cleitus insults Alexander deeply, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 and Alexander in return snatches a javelin from a soldier,
aims it at Cleitus \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 and kills him despite all the
effort of the attendees to separate the two. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-373\slmult0
Alexander feels so guilty and thinks of himself as a parricide (the person \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 who kills either one of his parents). He is about to kill
himself when at the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 last moment Hephaestion blows his
fist on Alexander's chin and the scene \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 ends.
\expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "Despot I am, because I must
be." Comment. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri2042\sb11\sl-380\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2) "Thank God Philip isn't alive to see the shame of
his son." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\ri1890\sb360\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 3) Both Philotas and Cleitus were victims of their own
doings. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Illustrate mentioning what they did to turn
Alexander \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 against them. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Act II \par\pard\ql
\li4987\sb137\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 Scene IV \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql \li1094\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Alexandria-
at-the-End-ofthe-World. \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
scene begins with soldiers removing a bale full of breakables to \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Alexander's personal baggage cart. Hephaestion is
supervising the soldiers. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 The tent has been stripped;
the camp is breaking down. Alexander is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 marching to
India. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-373\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri614\sb13\sl-
373\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 Perdiccas arrives with the Queen
Mother. Hephaestion informs him that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 they were about
to leave to India without him. Perdiccas is very surprised \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 and wonders what has happened to Alexander. Alexander
enters and gives \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Perdiccas a harsh rebuke.
380\slmult0\fi177 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Alexander commands The Queen Mother
to come and see him at once. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 She comes but she doesn't
speak or even look at Alexander. She just gives \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 him
Parmenion's locket. Alexander recognizes the locket then throws it \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 violently to the floor and gets furious. He warns her not
to provoke him in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 his present mood. He has killed a
man with his hands for something less \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 than what she
has done. \par\pard\qj \li710\ri608\sb360\sl-380\slmult0\fi163 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Alexander tells her that he has brought her all that way
and will take her \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 with him to India because he cannot
trust leaving her in Babylon as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 everybody there likes
her [It's clear that Alexander was treating her as an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
enemy.] \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-376\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li715\ri611\sb8\sl-
376\slmult0\fi182 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Finally, the Queen Mother talks to
Alexander when he tells her that he \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 knows he has
changed but he cannot do anything about it. She tells him \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 that she has known for a long time that there is no end to
what he is doing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 and that the devil inside him will
not let him rest. Alexander wishes he is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 able to kill
that devil. He remembers the Pythia's words when she advised \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 him to know himself. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
Alexander doesn't care if the devil in him conquers him because he has \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 already achieved all what he wants (conquering the world).
He says that he \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb270\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\qj \li710\ri619\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 will be remembered for
what he has done not for what he is, and added \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 that
this is all that matters. He asks the Queen Mother to bless him, and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 she does. At the end, Alexander decides to send the Queen
Mother back to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Babylon. \par\pard\qj
\li715\ri594\sb241\sl-380\slmult0\fi172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 We start to
notice a little change in Alexander's behavior. When he knows \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 that his men are angry because he is taking 20 cart loads
with him while \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 they cannot even take one, he decides
to burn everything he is taking\u8212? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 including the
tent and the throne. Alexander and Hephaetion really hope \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 the throne will burn. \par\pard\qj \li705\ri585\sb360\sl-
380\slmult0\fi28 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 [The throne is just a symbol to
Alexander's new character. Alexander and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Hephaestion
hope that by getting rid of the throne, Alexander will get rid of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 all the new qualities he acquired after becoming the Master
of the World. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 They wish that Alexander will return to
his old nature] \par\pard\ql \li4982\sb0\sl-414\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "Because you are Alexander,
the devil will conquer you." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\qj
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 2) "You and I will go out now and make an
enormous bonfire." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment. \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Epilogue \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Setting: A palace room in Babylon. \par\pard\qj
\li710\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri622\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi177
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Alexander is lying on his bed about to die. He is
wondering how his friend \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 Hephaestion died; was it
really a fever or did he die of sadness because \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
Alexander had changed so much? \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-370\slmult0
Ptolemy, Perdiccas, Mazares, the Queen Mother and Roxana are near his \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 bed as at the end of the Prologue. All soldiers finish
their salutations for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 their dying Commander in
Chief. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li715\ri590\sb2\sl-
380\slmult0\fi172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Alexander thinks it is a great irony
for the conqueror of the world to die at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 the age of
thirty two on his bed by a slight disease as cold and not in \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 battle. He also thinks that his father, Philip, must be
chuckling to himself \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 at the sight of Alexander sick in
bed. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri627\sb380\sl-380\slmult0\fi182 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 Ptolemy starts to ask Alexander again who will be his
successor on the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 throne of Asia, and who is to be
Master of the World. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-370\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li720\ri617\sb19\sl-370\slmult0\fi168
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Alexander names no one to succeed him to the throne.
He doesn't want \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 anybody to suffer like himself. He
chooses to leave his men decide for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 themselves.
\expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) "Was it a fever, or was it a
broken heart." Comment \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2) "The conqueror of the world dies of a chill, at the
age of thirty \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 two." Comment \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 3) "This will be my last act of
mercy. Let them fight it out for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 themselves."
Comment \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex136 \ul0\nosupersub\cf38\f39\fs36\ul Character Sketches
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Alexander \par\pard\qj
\li705\ri605\sb19\sl-370\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 The secret of
Alexander's success was his character. He possessed a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
certain combination of mental and personal attractions. Alexander showed \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 these qualities in a very remarkable degree.
380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Alexander had a higher ambition. He
wanted to exercise his gifts as a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 military leader and
prove he was not inferior to Philip, his father. Alexander \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 led 40,000 soldiers by foot and horseback more than 20,000
miles over 12 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 years and built a vast kingdom over 12
year period. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-376\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li715\ri614\sb8\sl-376\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 In the
prologue we are introduced to Alexander of Macedon lying on his \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 bed about to die Alexander feels sad because he is dying in
bed helpless \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 after all the power and the victories he
has achieved. This great military \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 leader doesn't want
to end his life in bed, but in battle fighting as any \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123
knight. Alexander thinks that he has done something wrong that made the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 gods angry with him and to deserve this punishment.
377\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 He was finely formed in person, and
very prepossessing in his manners. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 was active,
athletic, and full of enthusiasm in all that he did. At the same \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 time, he was calm, collected, and considerate in
emergencies requiring \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 caution, and thoughtful and far-
seeing in respect to the bearings and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 consequences of
his acts. He formed strong attachments, was grateful for \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 kindnesses shown to him, considerate in respect to the
feelings of all who \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 were connected with him in any
way, faithful to his friends, and generous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 toward his
foes. \par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li710\ri615\sb1\sl-
380\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135 In a word, he had a noble character,
though he devoted its energies \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 unfortunately to
conquest and war. He lived, in fact, in an age when great \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 personal and mental powers had scarcely any other field for
their exercise \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 than this. He entered upon his career
with great passion and interest. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb106\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Philip II
Philip Ilascended on the Macedonian throne in the most difficult times. He \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 built a powerful army and established a federation of Greek
States. Then, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 he planned for the invasion of
the Persian Empire. However, his \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 assassination led to the
immediate succession of Alexander to the throne, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 and
Alexander inherited the legacy of the Persian invasion. \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb286\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Olympias \par\pard\qj
\li710\ri585\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Olympias was the
most powerful of Philip's wives. She instilled in Alexander \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 a sense of destiny and greatness that he would ascend to.
She may have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 played a role in his father's death, as
her son's succession to the throne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 was her most
important ambition. Alexander always held his mother in the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 deepest respect. \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li710\sb86\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Aristotle
Aristotle was Alexander's tutor from the age of thirteen to sixteen. Aristotle \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 taught Alexander formal subjects (Ethics-Politics-Music-
Medicine-Biology-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Astronomy- Botany-Magnets-
Optics-History-Poetry-Oratory...) while also \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
instilling in him the belief that all non- Greeks were barbarians and fit to
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 be slaves. At Alexander's request, he prepared a
special copy of the Miad \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 which Alexander always kept
with him, even during his years of conquest. \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li710\sb86\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Achilles
Olympias believed she was descended from Achilles. Consequently, \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 Alexander claimed the same ancestor. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Hephaestion \par\pard\qj \li710\ri615\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\fi9
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Hephaestion the dearest, wisest and most trusted of
Alexander's friends. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 He is also an officer in the
Companion Cavalry. He had been brought up \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 with
Alexander and shared all his secrets. Their friendship lasted \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 throughout their lives. \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
The Pythia \par\pard\qj \li705\ri590\sb16\sl-373\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex142 The Pythia is the highest priestess and the Oracle of
Delphi, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 mouthpiece of god Apollo. She gives the
god's answers to the questions of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 the worshippers. She
told Alexander he was invincible, and advised him to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
know himself first before he would start and conquests. \par\pard\ql \li734\sb0\sl-
Sisygambis \par\pard\qj \li720\ri619\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi14 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 (Mother Queen), mother of King Darius III of Persia, whose
reign was ended \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 during the wars of Alexander. After
she was captured by Alexander at the \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Battle of Issus, she
became devoted to him, and Alexander referred to her \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124
as "mother". \par\pard\ql \li720\sb286\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133
Philotas \par\pard\qj \li710\ri605\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Philotas served under Philip, then joined Alexander in his
campaigns. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 was Commander of the Companion Cavalry.
Alexander replaced him with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Cleitus, and he was
arrested and taken to face charges of talking publicly \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
against Alexander. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Parmenion \par\pard\qj \li705\ri607\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 A loyal and powerful general who served
under Philip. Parmenion became \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Alexander's second
officer in command. However, when his services were \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 no
longer required on the expedition, Alexander saw fit to dispose of him \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 and his son before their influence could grow any
greater. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb106\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Cleitus \par\pard\qj \li715\ri606\sb14\sl-
376\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Cleitus served Philip before he became
an officer in Alexander's Army. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 saved Alexander's
life at the Battle of the Granicus. Alexander used to call \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 him 'Father Cleitus'. But after Alexander started adopting
Persian customs \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 and behaving as a Persian king,
Cleitus began to feel alienated, and in one \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 banquet he
made the mistake of speaking his mind. Alexander killed him \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 in consequence. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb107\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Darius
\par\pard\qj \li715\ri614\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 King
of Persia who fought and lost to Alexander. Darius was deposed and \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 killed by conspirators before Alexander could find him.
\expndtw0\charscalex123 The Queen Mother \par\pard\qj \li705\ri621\sb15\sl-
375\slmult0\fi19 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 She disliked Alexander before she had
met him. She even wanted Darius to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 kill him. However,
when she met Alexander after her capture, she was \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
touched by his nobility in treating her, the Queen and Princess Statira. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 Through the conversations between her and Alexander, we
learn about the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 doubts and fears which haunt
Alexander. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
lsr160\ql \li3110\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3110\sb426\sl-460\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs40\ul Themes in Alexander's
life\par\pard\ql \li753\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li753\sb176\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) The desire for
conquest\par\pard\qj \li710\ri0\sb8\sl-377\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
Alexander had insatiable appetite for wider territories and greater glory and
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Natural desire to exercise his gifts as a military
leader. He enjoyed the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 problems involved in
putting together a massive army and using this \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
massive army in gaining strategic objectives. Destroying other armies was \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 what turned him on.\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
2) The ideal of establishing permanent peace in One World.\par\pard\qj
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Alexander believed in a Hellenic world. The city states
with their own \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 customs and laws and
constitutions remain intact. Only national \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
sovereignties will have to be given up. Persians, Egyptians and the others \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 who are not Greeks will have the same rights as the Greeks,
but will have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 to submit to being ruled by a Greek
instead of a Persian.\par\pard\qj \li724\sb0\sl-374\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li724\ri0\sb44\sl-374\slmult0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 3) A Compelling
desire to escape from the fear that he might be \line \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 inferior to Philip, and to prove himself to
himself.\par\pard\qj \li710\sb0\sl-379\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li710\ri0\sb1\sl-
379\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Alexander felt his father was a hindrance
and an obstacle in the way of his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 own greatness
and fame. He felt within himself powers and capacities\par\pard\column \ql
\li11097\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li11097\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \\i\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex140 in \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li720\ri579\sb22\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 qualifying him
to take his father's place, and reap for himself the harvest of \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 glory and power. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs40\ul Glossary
of Names, Places, Battles \par\pard\ql \li720\sb238\sl-414\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 Names \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb140\sl-322\slmult0\tx1166 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 \u8226? \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 The Pythia (The Oracle at Delphi) was the name of the high
Priestess \par\pard\qj \li1142\ri608\sb11\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. She was a figure of
great historical \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 importance. She spoke for the god
Apollo and answered questions for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 the Greeks and
foreign inquirers about colonization, religion, and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
power.
\u8226? \tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The Phalanx
is a Macedonian infantry formation, consisting of sixteen \par\pard\ql
\li1142\sb98\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 ranks of soldiers armed
with long spears (sarissas). \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb96\sl-322\slmult0\tx1166 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 \u8226? \tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex121
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The Hellespont is a narrow strait between Thrace and
Asia Minor now \par\pard\qj \li1142\ri615\sb31\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 called the Dardanelles. It was by the Hellespont that
Alexander's army \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 crossed before the battle of the
Granicus. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb86\sl-
\u8226? \tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The Companion
Cavalry were Alexander's most trusted Macedonian \par\pard\ql \li1142\sb98\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 officers, and many of them were also his
close friends. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb96\sl-
\u8226? \tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The Iliad is
Homer's epic poem telling the story of the Trojan war. It \par\pard\qj
\li1132\ri627\sb31\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 was Alexander's
favourite work. He is said to have had a copy always \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
with him. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb106\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex137 Achilles... was a \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Greek\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 hero of the \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Trojan War\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 and the central \par\pard\qj
\li1142\ri622\sb31\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 character and
greatest warrior of \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Homer\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 's \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Iliad\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 . Alexander believed he \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 descended from Achilles. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb106\sl-322\slmult0\tx1166 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 \u8226? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 The Cilician Gates... The
name of the pass dates from the time when \par\pard\qj \li1142\ri618\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 there were gates set in a wall in the pass
to mark the boundary between \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Cilicia and Syria.
\expndtw0\charscalex208 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 ridtCa \par\pard\qj
\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri638\sb83\sl-380\slmult0\tx1142
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 \u8226? Bactria... was a
region in the north-east of the Persian Empire, \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 approximately the present country of Afghanistan.
\expndtw0\charscalex124 \u8226? Phrygia... is now Asian
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Turkey\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 .
360\slmult0\tx1147 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \u8226? Gordium was the capital
city of ancient Phrygia...about 70-80 kms. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114
southwest of Ankara (capital of Turkey) \par\pard\ql \li734\ri585\sb4\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1142\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 Gordium Knot... According to
the legend, the empire of the world will go to \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 anyone who can untie the knot which binds the ox-yoke to
the pole of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 the wagon. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex122 \u8226? Gaugamela is east of Mosul in modern-day northern
Iraq. \par\pard\qj \li724\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li724\ri615\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex144 \u8226? Ecbatana was an ancient
city in western Iran. Historians and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
archaeologists now believe that Ecbatana is Hamadan. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
\u8226? Sogdiana included territory located in present day \par\pard\ql
\li907\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
such as: Samarkand, Bukhara, ... \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Battles \par\pard\ql \li724\ri604\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1142\tx1142\tx1142 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 \u8226? The Battle of
Marathon was the culmination of the first attempt by \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Persia, under King Darius I, to subjugate Greece. The Greek
army \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 decisively defeated the more numerous
Persians, marking a turning \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 point in the
Greco-Persian Wars. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\ri614\sb20\sl-380\slmult0\tx1142\tx1147\tx1142 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 \u8226? The Battle of Granicus... was the first battle
between Alexander and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 his army and the
Persians. Alexander was heavily outnumbered by the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 Persian forces, but he attacked against the advice of many
of his senior \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 officers. It was during this
battle that Cleitus saved Alexander's life. \par\pard\ql \li720\ri614\sb380\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1147\tx1132 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \u8226? The Battle of the
Issuz... was the first battle between Alexander and \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 Darius. Alexander was again outnumbered, and his forces had
the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 worse position. The Persian cavalry
seemed to be pressing the Greeks \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf67\f68\fs116 w \par\pard\qj \li1132\ri627\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 and
Macedonians back when Darius suddenly fled. The Persian forces \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 wavered, turned and followed their King, pursued by
Alexander's forces. \par\pard\qj \li1142\ri585\sb285\sl-380\slmult0\fi24 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 The Battle of Gaugamela... was the second battle between
Alexander \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 and Darius. As at Issuz, Darius fled,
causing panic among the Persians, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 and he lost heavily.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs40\ul General Questions\par\pard\ql \li763\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex74 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 1)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 Write short notes on:\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The Pythia.\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 The temple at Delphi.\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 The effect of Aristotle's teachings on
Alexander.\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
jLocal superstition.\par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex131 The attempts against Alexander's life.\par\pard\ql
\li710\sb281\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 Alexander's feelings at
Darius's death.\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ql \li20\sb25\sl-161\slmult0\tx322 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex42
\ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 \u8226?\u9632?, 1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 u
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\li710\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Alexander's feelings at the
time of his death.\par\pard\li710\sb0\sl-36\slmult0\fi10747 \up0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Alexander's relationship with the Queen Mother.
\expndtw0\charscalex124 2)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 How did the
author of Adventure Story show us some of\par\pard\li720\sb52\sl-
322\slmult0\fi556 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Alexander's
qualities?\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex140 3)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 Both Philotas and
Cleitus were victims of their own doings.\par\pard\li720\sb57\sl-
322\slmult0\fi561 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 Illustrate mentioning what they did
to turn Alexander against\par\pard\li720\sb57\sl-322\slmult0\fi561 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex140 them.\par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex133 4)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 "The favour I ask is to
be allowed a military execution here in\par\pard\li720\sb57\sl-322\slmult0\fi561
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 your camp." Comment\par\pard\ql \li729\sb0\sl-
12\charscalex95 5) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 "Despot I am, because I must
be." Comment \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex131 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 6)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex131 "He must be careful he doesn't fall over the edge of the
world."\par\pard\li724\sb63\sl-322\slmult0\fi556 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
Comment\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex137 "This will be my last act of mercy. Let them fight it out
for\par\pard\li724\sb57\sl-322\slmult0\fi580 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex137
themselves." Comment\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li724\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 "This is a world grown old and cynical. If I fall, who else
shall\par\pard\li724\sb52\sl-322\slmult0\fi566 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 succeed
?" Comment\par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li720\sb0\sl-
10\charscalex100 9) \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 How was Alexander considered
to be a tragic hero? \par\pard\ql \li753\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 10) Discuss peace negotiations between Darius and
Alexander. \par\pard\qj \li753\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li753\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex136 11) Alexander's complex relationship with his father
increased his \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 desire to conquer the whole
world. Illustrate \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 12) "Where did it first go wrong?" Comment \par\pard\qj
380\slmult0\tx1286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex140 13) "You and I will go out now and
make an enormous bonfire." \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 Comment.
380\slmult0\tx1300\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 14) "Tomorrow, I am the
Master of the World - the mortal partner of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex153
Gods, or I am dead. Either way there is nothing to fear." \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Comment \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf70\f71\fs40\ul General Questions for Relection
1)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 Why did Alexander refuse the offers Darius had
presented to him\par\pard\li748\sb63\sl-322\slmult0\fi532 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 after the battle of the Issuz?\par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 2) What differences do you see between Parmenion and
Alexander as \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 two chief commanders?
\expndtw0\charscalex140 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 3) Where in the story does
it show that military force is not the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
decisive factor in winning the conflict? \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-360\slmult0
4) How was Hephaestion different from all Alexander's friends? Give \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 one or two examples to illustrate your view.
\par\pard\qj\li724\ri630\sb4\sl-380\slmult0\tx1276 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex133 5)
Alexander told the Pythia confidently that he knew himself. To \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 what extent that was not true? \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
6) How could you best describe the relationship between Alexander \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 and the Mother Queen? Give evidence. \par\pard\qj
7) Alexander had reasons to fight the Persians. What went wrong \line\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 during the course of the fights? \par\pard\ql
8) What other adjectives could you think of to describe Alexander in \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex139 his dream to build a world empire? And how close or far was
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Alexander's empire from Darius's empire?
380\slmult0\tx1281\tx1281\tx1276\tx1276\tx1281\tx1271 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
9) Alexander tells Hephaestion he has to be a despot. Yet, he still has
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 the ideal of a world state ruled over by the
man-god, whose word \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex141 is law, and who has
dedicated his whole life and being to the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex135
welfare of all his many million subjects. There will be no more \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 war, no more oppression, no more brigandage. Universal
peace will \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex138 prevail blessed by the almighty
gods. What is wrong with this \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 vision?
10) Why wouldn't Alexander think of his mother Olympias on his \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 wedding day and think of the Queen Mother instead?
380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li748\ri608\sb66\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1276\tx1286\tx1281\tx1281\tx1281\tx1286 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex139 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 11) Alexander appeals to
Philotas to make a speech at his trial in \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131
which he retracts every word he has ever said against Alexander; \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex135 otherwise, Philotas may have to die because of a document
that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex143 serves as his death warrant which
Alexander keeps and may \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 present to the
Council in case Philotas refuses Alexander's appeal. \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 Reflect on this situation: judge Alexander's motives, and
evaluate \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 Philotas's reasons for refusal.
12) Darius and Alexander\u8212?two Kings of the same Persia. Differentiate
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 between the two. \par\pard\qj \li748\sb0\sl-
13) Alexander was one military commander of his kind. Trace the \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 elements of this genius. \par\pard\qj \li748\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex127 14) Why couldn't the Queen Mother help Alexander kill the
devil that \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 was in him? \par\pard\qj
380\slmult0\tx1281 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 15) Alexander who believed he was
invincible admitted to Hephaestion \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 that he
was not as invincible as he believed! Explain. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1286\tx1276\tx1286 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 16) Alexander tells Philotas," What
man is\u8212?is nothing. What a man \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 does is
everything. I don't know\u8212?and I don't care\u8212?what I am\u8212?or
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 what I do to myself with my thoughts and
deeds. I do know\u8212?and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 do care\u8212?
what I've done." \par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li748\sb0\sl-
17) Paraphrase what Alexander wants to say. \par\pard\ql \li748\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li748\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li748\ri608\sb11\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1276\tx1276 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 18) The Queen Mother tells
Alexander," But what you do, makes you \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 what
you are." Explain how the the Queen Mother's view contrasts \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 with Alexander's. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs110 0 \par\pard\li11107\sb111\sl-115\slmult0\fi0\tx11467
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf32\f33\fs10 S< I\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex132 .1\par\pard\ql \li3177\sb511\sl-1357\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 \ul0\nosupersub\cf72\f73\fs118 $t*4on4 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs40 r \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf73\f74\fs98 s.\ul0\nosupersub\cf55\f56\fs60 v \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex200 \ul0\nosupersub\cf47\f48\fs54 fjf \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 * \par\pard\ql \li3772\sb0\sl-
437\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex157 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 Sy/t/ f&
\expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Poetic Devices &
Examples \par\pard\ql \li720\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
Figurative Language:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The use of any language that goes
beyond the literal \par\pard\qj \li715\ri1496\sb31\sl-500\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 meaning of words in order to create new meaning. The most
common \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 figures of speech are simile, metaphor, and
alliteration. \par\pard\qj \li705\ri711\sb8\sl-660\slmult0 \up0
Alliteration:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 the repetition of consonant sounds at the
beginning of words. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 "Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers." \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5189\sb0\sl-660\slmult0 \up0
Hyperbole:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 an expression of exaggeration. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 "I nearly died laughing." \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Idioms:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 expressions
that have a meaning apart from the meanings of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
individual words. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb288\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 "It's raining cats and dogs." \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Metaphor:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 a figure of
speech that compares two unlike things, without the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122
use of like or as. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb311\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 "Her hair is silk." \par\pard\qj \li715\ri656\sb208\sl-
Mood:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 the overall feeling the poem creates. Mood, or
tone, for example, can \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 be playful, sad, lonely, angry
or joyful. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri5011\sb32\sl-660\slmult0 \up0
Onomatopoeia:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 words that imitate sounds. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 "Boom. Gurgle. Plink. Woof \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Personification:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28
assigning human qualities to non-human things. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 "The
tropical storm slept for two days." \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1918\sb0\sl-
Puns:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 words with a humorous double meaning, a "play on
words." \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 "A dog not only has a fur coat but also
pants." \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1505\sb133\sl-500\slmult0 \up0
Rhyme:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The basic definition is two words that sound
alike. Rhyme is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 perhaps the most \par\pard\ql
Pg158}\par\pard\qj \li720\ri2174\sb594\sl-660\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex117 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 recognizable convention of
poetry. Rhyme helps to unify a poem. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Katie took a trip
to the beach. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb280\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
She brought two books, and a peach. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri912\sb208\sl-
480\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Rhyme
Scheme:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 A rhyme scheme is a regular pattern of rhyme,
one that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 is consistent \par\pard\qj
\li715\ri1491\sb180\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 throughout the
extent of the poem. See how to show a rhyme scheme \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106
below: \par\pard\ql \li705\ri6356\sb38\sl-653\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
There once was a big brown cat a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 That liked to eat a
lot of mice, b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 He got all round and fat a \line
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 Because they tasted so nice, b \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Similes:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 figures of
speech that compares two unlike things, using the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117
words like or as. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb311\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 "His feet were as big as boats." \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Symbolism:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 using an
object to represent an idea. A symbol means what it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 is
and also something more. Example: Lions often symbolize royalty. \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\li11457\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\ql \li3475\sb0\sl-1817\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li3475\sb0\sl-1817\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3475\sb819\sl-
1817\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf74\f75\fs158 onnet
18\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8364\colsr160\colno2\colw3236\colsr
\expndtw0\charscalex288 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 ,\u9632?-\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex140 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 158 I Page\par\pard\column
\ul0\nosupersub\cf66\f67\fs72 re
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 Sonnet 18 \par\pard\qj
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Shall\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 I
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul compare thee? \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 William
Shakespeare \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li705\ri609\sb293\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 This is an English sonnet. Usually English sonnets are
divided into three \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 quatrains (four lines) & one heroic
couplet (the last two lines). The heroic \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 couplet
usually summarizes the main idea of the poem. In this poem the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 main ideal lies in the fact that the poet wants to
immortalize his beloved in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 his lines. \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb84\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 Shall I compare
thee to a summer's day? \par\pard\ql \li710\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: \par\pard\qj
\li705\ri4103\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi14 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 Rough winds do
shake the darling buds of May, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 And summer's lease hath
all too short a date. \par\pard\qj \li715\ri613\sb163\sl-377\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex134 In the first four lines the poet starts with a rhetorical
question. It is a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 question that does not expect an
answer. It is asked to attract the attention \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex131 of the
reader. The poet wants to say that he will speak about a serious \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 matter. He wonders how he can compare his beloved to any
other element \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 in nature. Before he starts his
comparison he says that he will fail because \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 he knows
that she is lovelier & balanced. He starts the comparison with \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 the summer's days. He says that the wind of the summer is
so cruel; it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 comes & kills the buds (small flowers) on
the branches. The poet also says \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 that the duration of
the summer days is too short. He can't compare his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
beloved to a cruel season that does not live forever. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
\par\pard\ql \li705\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 And often is
his gold complexion dimm'd; \par\pard\ql \li705\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 And every fair from fair sometime declines, \par\pard\ql
\li720\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 By chance or nature's
changing course untrimm'd; \par\pard\ql \li720\sb218\sl-322\slmult0\tx7420 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 In the second quatrain, the poet emphasizes \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 (explains) why he doesn't \par\pard\qj \li710\ri618\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 want to compare his beloved to the summer
days. He says that the sun \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 shines in the summer days &
that makes the weather unstable hot. People \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 feel
nervous when they see this hot sun but they never feel that nervous \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 when his beloved appears
anywhere. He also fails to compare her to the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 face of
the sun, because the face of the sun is dimly yellow. This colour \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 means that his beloved might have a yellow pale face. He
also says that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 nature's beauty changes suddenly
according to weather sudden changes \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 but his beloved is
always temperate (never changes her mood). \par\pard\ql \li720\sb66\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 But thy eternal summer shall not fade
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Nor lose
possession of that fair thou owest; \par\pard\qj \li710\ri3810\sb27\sl-
360\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in
his shade, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
\par\pard\qj \li715\ri614\sb164\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 In
the third quatrain, the poet states that his beloved beauty & youth shall \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 never die. He says that death will never dare to come close
to his beloved \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 simply because his beloved will keep
living in those lines. She will last \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 forever in the
meanings he put into those lines. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri4558\sb160\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 So long as men can breathe or eyes can
see, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 So long lives this and this gives life to
thee. \par\pard\qj \li705\ri619\sb165\sl-375\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
The last two lines (heroic couplet) summarize the idea the poet had in mind \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex123 when he wrote this poem. The poet wants to immortalize his
beloved. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 wrote those lines & said as long as men
live & as long as they breathe his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 beloved will keep
living in those lines because those lines will always give \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 life to his beloved. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb209\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex124 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Figures
of speech: \par\pard\qj \li720\ri984\sb38\sl-540\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Metaphor:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 a comparison between
two subjects without using (as or like). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 Eye of heaven
\par\pard\ql \li705\sb181\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 The poet
compares between his beloved face & the face of the sun. \par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Personification:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 It is taking
one quality of a human being & drop it on an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112
object. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb208\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 Rough
winds do shake \par\pard\qj \li705\ri1177\sb151\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 The poet personifies the winds as a strong man who shakes
the buds & \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 kills them. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 His gold complexion
\par\pard\qj \li705\ri1411\sb173\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 The
poet personifies the face of the sun as a human being with yellow \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 complexion. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Death brags though \par\pard\qj \li705\ri958\sb171\sl-
380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The poet personifies death as a man who
chooses his victims to kill them \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 under his shade.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul
Alliteration:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The repetition of the first sound in some
repeated words. \par\pard\ql \li724\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li724\sb0\sl-
Fair from fair \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\sb0\sl-
\par\pard\qj\li720\ri1893\sb111\sl-380\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Contrast:\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 It is the
use of two or more opposite words to clarify the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116
meaning. \par\pard\qj \li720\ri9132\sb28\sl-540\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 Eternal# fade \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Lose# ow'st
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs32\ul General questions based
\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs32 On \par\pard\ql \li4718\ri4582\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\tx5040 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs32\ul
Shakespeare's \line\ul0\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130
\ul0\nosupersub\cf37\f38\fs32\ul Sonnet 18 \par\pard\ql \li748\sb11\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1) What is the
main idea of the poem? \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb288\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 2) What is the
form of the English sonnet? \par\pard\ql \li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb268\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 3) Define
personification & quote an example from the poem. \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex126 4) The poet failed in his comparison between his beloved &
summer \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 days. Explain. \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-
\par\pard\qj\li720\ri634\sb324\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 5)
What is the importance of contrast? Illustrate your answer from the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 poem you have studied this year. \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\qj \li720\ri1121\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 6) Define rhetorical question;
quote an example from the poem you \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 have studied this
year. \par\pard\qj \li705\sb0\sl-360\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li705\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 7) Shakespeare in sonnet 18 failed to find an element that
suits the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 beauty of his beloved. Discuss. \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 8) What is Heroic couplet? Explain its importance.
253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 t
161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf33\f34\fs14 AIJVA
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex132 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs62 O12 His Blindness
\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs48 All T�T"2 \par\pard\ql \li2400\sb0\sl-437\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs38 J \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex178 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 John IVIilton \par\pard\ql
\li4118\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex165 On Iii*> blindness
\par\pard\ql\li705\ri853\sb53\sl-375\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 The poem "On his Blindness", by John Milton is an
\ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Italian sonnet\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28
which \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 addresses the Christian idea of how to accept
ones disabilities. The writer \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 is effective in doing
so, as he uses figurative language. The poem "On his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120
Blindness" is about a man's acceptance of his disability through his \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 conversation with "Patience". \par\pard\ql \li710\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 When I consider how my light is spent
\par\pard\ql \li720\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 Ere half my
days in this dark world and wide \par\pard\ql \li705\sb58\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex130 And that one talent which is death to hide \par\pard\ql
\li710\ri3468\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 Lodged with me
useless, though my soul more bent \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 To serve therewith
my Maker, and present \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 My true account, lest he
returning chide; \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 "Doth God exact day labor,
light denied?" \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 I fondly ask. But Patience, to
prevent \par\pard\ql \li705\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li705\sb0\sl-
The form the poem takes is that of a sonnet. In the octave, (octet) the
\par\pard\ql \li715\ri814\sb0\sl-380\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119
speaker wonders how God struck him with blindness! He complains that \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 he is going to spend half his life at least in complete
darkness. He accuses \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 God of blinding him while he is
in the best of times. The poet says he now \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 has to stop
all the talents he possesses to serve his God as long as God \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex122 becomes unmerciful to him! \par\pard\ql \li705\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li705\ri806\sb311\sl-380\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 The poet also complains that he is about to write his own
life account and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 how he is about to present it to his
creator, but now he is unable to do so \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 since he has
lost the power of his sight. The poet reaches the climax when \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 he asks at the end of the octet how God dares to deprive
the poet of his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 sight? \par\pard\qj \li715\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex117 However the poet finishes the octave by calming himself
down and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 preparing us to receive his redemption in the
sestet. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\par\pard\ql\li705\ri3683\sb18\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 That murmur, soon replies," God doth not need \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 Either man's work or his own gifts. Who best \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 Is kingly; thousands at his bidding speed, \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex128 And post o'er land and ocean without rest; \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex126 They also serve who only stand and wait. \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql\li720\sb104\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 In the coming
six lines (sestet) the poet starts to repent his mistakes \par\pard\ql
\li715\ri737\sb0\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 towards God. He
soon hears a whisper in his ears telling him that God \line \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 almighty does not wait for man to serve him. God has
created lands and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 oceans that wait the time when they
can serve him unquestionably. God is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 the king and
kings never expect any services from their slaves. The poet \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 finally ends the poem by using a total different language
in the way he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 speaks to his creator. He says the
God the creator knows well how to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 appreciate
(value) us as human beings. \par\pard\ql \li720\sb199\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Figures of Speech
Alliteration\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 : my days in this dark world and wide (line
2) \par\pard\qj \li720\sb0\sl-380\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li720\ri713\sb171\sl-
Metaphor\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 : though my soul more bent / to serve therewith
my Maker (lines \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 3-4). \par\pard\ql \li2409\sb208\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 The author compares his soul to his
mind. \par\pard\li720\sb0\sl-322\slmult0\par\pard\li720\sb280\sl-322\slmult0\fi0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Personification
/Metaphor\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 : But Patience, to prevent / That murmur,
soon\par\pard\li720\sb62\sl-322\slmult0\fi0\tx2347 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121
replies . . .\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 (lines 8-9).\par\pard\ql
Paradox\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 : They also serve who only stand and wait.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex123 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Rhyme
scheme\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 : \par\pard\ql \li710\sb218\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 ABBA, ABBA, CDE, and CDE \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 Theme \par\pard\ql \li724\sb218\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex119 God judges humans on whether they labor for Him to the best
of their \par\pard\ql \li715\ri806\sb11\sl-380\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 ability. For example, if one carpenter can make only two
chairs a day and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 another carpenter can make five, they
both serve God equally well if the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 first carpenter
makes his two chairs and the second makes his five. If one \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 carpenter becomes severely disabled and cannot make even a
single chair, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 he remains worthy in the sight of God.
For, as Milton says in the last line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 of the poem,
"they also serve who only stand and wait." \par\pard\ql \li720\sb208\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex122 \ul0\nosupersub\cf43\f44\fs28\ul Summary: \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 In this sonnet, the speaker meditates on the fact that
he has become blind \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 (Milton himself was blind when he
wrote this). He expresses his frustration \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 at being
prevented by his disability from serving God as well as he desires \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex118 to. He is answered by "Patience," who tells him that God
has many who \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 hurry to do his bidding, and does not
really need man's work. Rather, what \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 is valued is the
ability to bear God's "mild yoke," to tolerate whatever God \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex121 asks faithfully and without complaint. As the famous last
line sums it up, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 "They also serve who only stand and
wait." \par\pard\ql \li2721\sb92\sl-414\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs36 t \par\pard\ql
Questions based \par\pard\ql \li5092\sb222\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex218 On \par\pard\ql \li3643\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex214 On his Blindness \par\pard\ql \li1108\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 1. What is the
form of the poem? \par\pard\qj \li1080\sb0\sl-380\slmult0
380\slmult0\tx1440 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 2. The poet addressed God in an
inappropriate language in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex129 octet.
Discuss. \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf54\f55\fs112 0 \par\pard\qj \li1080\ri737\sb0\sl-
380\slmult0\tx1425 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex126 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs28 3.
Milton starts his poem by addressing God in an ill-mannered way \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex127 but then he reconsiders. Illustrate. \par\pard\qj
4. How does the sestet witness an opposition in the point of view of \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex129 the poet? \par\pard\ql \li1084\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1084\sb282\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 5. Quote
alliteration from the poem and define it. \par\pard\qj \li1080\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex130 6. "But Patience, to prevent" point out the figure of
speech in the \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex128 previous line and discuss
it. \par\pard\ql \li1080\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1080\sb0\sl-
322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex130 7. How does the poet contradict himself in
the sestet? \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\par\pard\ql\li2030\sb0\sl-1725\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2030\sb875\sl-
Listening \par\pard\ql \li4425\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4425\sb0\sl-
**&\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw7078\colsr160\colno2\colw661\colsr
\expndtw0\charscalex129 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs46 r*\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs44 v_\par\pard\column \ql \li8049\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 ^
\expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Questions 1-4 \par\pard\qj
\li1550\ri1558\sb273\sl-300\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 You will hear
four short recordings. Answer each question on the line provided. Write no more
than \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 three words for each detail. \par\pard\ql
\li1555\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1555\sb108\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 You will hear each recording twice. \par\pard\ql \li1564\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 1 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 (a) Which painting was the
woman impressed by? \par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 [1] \par\pard\ql \li1948\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 (b) When does the exhibition finish? \par\pard\ql
\li9926\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9926\sb138\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u8226?[1] \par\pard\ql \li1555\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\tx1953 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 2 \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (a) What are the students going to do a project about?
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u8226?[1]
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 (b) What two things do the
students have to take on the class trip? \par\pard\ql \li9926\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u8226?[1] \par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-
3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (a) What is the man going to Canada
for?\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb117\sl-253\slmult0\fi8371
\up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 \u8226?
[1]\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb69\sl-230\slmult0\fi393
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 (b) Who is he going to
Canada with?\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb122\sl-
253\slmult0\fi8371 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
\u8226?[1]\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb127\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx1948 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (a)
Which film are the friends going to see this evening?\par\pard\li1555\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\par\pard\li1555\sb159\sl-230\slmult0\fi8371 \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex73 \u9632?[1]\par\pard\ql \li1948\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1948\sb67\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (b) Where are
they going to meet first? \par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 [1] \par\pard\ql \li9489\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li9489\sb34\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex86 [Total: 8]
46\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 5 \par\pard\qj \li1579\ri1562\sb233\sl-
260\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 You will hear a student giving a talk
about a building that has won a design award. Listen to the talk and \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 complete the details below. Write one or two words only in each
gap. \par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1579\sb35\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You will hear the talk twice.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 The Saw Swee Hock Student
Centre \par\pard\ql \li3336\sb64\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 at the
London School of Economics (LSE) \par\pard\ql \li2299\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 The design
\par\pard\li2303\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2303\sb39\sl-230\slmult0\fi14\tx9998
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 It was designed by architects from\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2303\sb222\sl-
241\slmult0\fi0\tx8112\tx9998 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 They designed it so
people could benefit from the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the
streets\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql \li2308\sb49\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 around the building. \par\pard\ql
\par\pard\ql\li2318\sb50\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Inside the
building \par\pard\qj \li2308\ri3406\sb64\sl-480\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 The layout of the building revolves around the central
staircase and lifts. \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Internal windows let you see
what is happening on each floor: \par\pard\li2318\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 a place called
the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 on the 1st floor\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 students producing
a\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 in the media centre on the 2nd floor\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8226?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 students
exercising in a place known as the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 on the 4th
floor.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li2318\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 What the building is made
from\par\pard\li2318\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2318\sb34\sl-
230\slmult0\fi4\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 The external walls are covered
in\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li2318\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 The floors and stairs are made from 'terrazzo' and\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex101 The enamel blocks covering the lift resemble\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 from different\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
[1]\par\pard\ql \li2332\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
countries. \par\pard\ql \li9527\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9527\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li9527\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex92
[Total: 81 \par\pard\ql \li801\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li801\sb0\sl-
Question 6 \par\pard\qj \li1574\ri1566\sb238\sl-260\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 You will hear six people talking about the best thing for
students to do during their long university \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 holidays.
For each of speakers \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1 to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108
6, choose from the list, A to G, which opinion each speaker \par\pard\qj
\li1569\ri1566\sb17\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 expresses.
Write the letter in the appropriate box. Use each letter only once. There is one
extra letter \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which you do not need to use.
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 You will hear the recording twice.
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Speaker 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A Go
travelling as much as possible.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx4531 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Speaker 2\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex103 B Get a job which will give you relevant
experience.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Speaker 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 C Learn some
useful skills by doing courses.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 D Just enjoy yourself while you have the
chance.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 Speaker 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 E Use the
time to study, to get ahead for next term.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex103 F Do whatever work you can find to save up some
money.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
G Spend as much time with your relatives as you can.\par\pard\li1574\sb0\sl-
[Total: 6]\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Question 7
\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb84\sl-230\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 You will hear an interview with
a young swimmer called Aysha. Listen to the interview and look
at\par\pard\li1569\sb39\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9335\tx9686\tx9907 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 the questions. For each question, choose the correct
answer, A, B or C, and put a tick\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex127 (/)\tab \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex84 in\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104
the\par\pard\li1569\sb34\sl-230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
appropriate box.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb68\sl-
230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You will hear the interview
twice.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi398\tx2356 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 Aysha said she was particularly pleased to win in a recent
competition because\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb72\sl-
230\slmult0\fi791 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A the other swimmers were so
good.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B she was feeling unwell on the
day.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb46\sl-
253\slmult0\fi791\tx7219 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 C it was her last chance
to take part.\tab \dn2 \expndtw-10\charscalex75 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
[1]\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb49\sl-
(b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Who suggested that Aysha should join a local
swimming club?\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb68\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 A her sports
teacher\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 B her
parents\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi791\tx7214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 C her friend\tab \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex87 [1]\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 (c)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 What made Aysha realise that
she was a good swimmer?\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb72\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 A She was put in the top group of
the club.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 B She was selected for a regional
club.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi791\tx7214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 C She raced against
another club.\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex87 [1]\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
5\charscalex100 (d)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Aysha says that her training
sessions\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A are too
long.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb68\sl-
230\slmult0\fi796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B make her very
tired.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb73\sl-
230\slmult0\fi801\tx7214 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 C could be more
varied.\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex87 [1]\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
3\charscalex100 (e)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 What does Aysha find
challenging about her training?\par\pard\qj \li2361\ri6411\sb63\sl-520\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 A finding time for her schoolwork \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 B getting up so early each day \par\pard\li2361\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 C missing out on social activities\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
Pg175}\par\pard\qj \li1958\sb0\sl-440\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1958\ri3819\sb436\sl-
440\slmult0\tx2356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 (f)
Where does Aysha most enjoy swimming when she's not training? \line\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 A in the sea \par\pard\ql \li2361\sb194\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 B in an outdoor pool
230\slmult0\fi0\tx6384 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 C in a lake near her
house\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\qj \li1963\ri5105\sb14\sl-
460\slmult0\tx2356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (g) What advice does Aysha give to
young swimmers? \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A Always aim to win.
\par\pard\ql \li2361\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 B Do
other activities as well. \par\pard\li2356\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6384 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 C Make sure you enjoy yourself.\tab \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\qj \li1963\ri5383\sb41\sl-440\slmult0\tx2356 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 (h) Aysha says that in the future, she'd really like
to \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 A design sportswear. \par\pard\ql
\li2361\sb194\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 B become a sports
teacher. \par\pard\li2356\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2356\sb5\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx6384 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 C present sports
programmes.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9484\sb205\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total: 8] \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Question 8 \par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1579\sb34\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Part A
You will hear a business expert giving a talk about the future of shipping. Listen
to the talk and complete \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 the sentences in Part A.
Write one or two words only in each gap. \par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1579\sb41\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 You will hear
the talk twice. \par\pard\ql \li4516\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4516\sb0\sl-
276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Remote-control ships
\par\pard\ql \li3508\sb184\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 ships with
no crew or captain on board \par\pard\qj \li2299\sb0\sl-220\slmult0
220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 We already
have 'drones' (planes with no crew) and cars without drivers - so why \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 not ships too? \par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex114 Ships with no crew would be greener, cheaper, and\tab
\dn2 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
[1]\par\pard\li2313\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi388\tx10003 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Most accidents at sea happen because of\tab \dn3
\expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 A captain's job mostly
involves\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 these days\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 How
would the ships operate?\par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-
2\charscalex100 �\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 A captain would control several
ships from an office.\par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li2313\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0\fi4\tx2692\tx6691\tx10007 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8226?\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 The ships would have many\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 on them\tab \dn3 \expndtw-9\charscalex85
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li2313\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0\par\pard\li2313\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\fi398\tx8548\tx10007 \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 If there was a problem on
board, a captain would\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 the ship\tab \dn4 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\ql \li2712\sb11\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 until
someone arrived. \par\pard\ql \li9513\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [Total: 5] \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Questions 1-4 \par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 You will hear four short recordings. Answer each question
on the line provided. Write\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 no more
than\par\pard\li1560\sb1\sl-223\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 three
words for each detail.\par\pard\li1560\sb219\sl-230\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 You will hear each recording
twice.\par\pard\li1560\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi14\tx1963\tx2356 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 What does the chef at the Lemon Tree restaurant normally
cook?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb29\sl-230\slmult0\fi8424
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1560\sb183\sl-
230\slmult0\fi403\tx2356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (b)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 When is the last date you can book the two-for-one
offer?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb30\sl-
230\slmult0\fi8424 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 On which day will the weather be
better?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb35\sl-
230\slmult0\fi8361 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \u8226?\t \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1560\sb182\sl-230\slmult0\fi403\tx2356
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 What will the
teenagers do in the forest?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 (a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Which film does Adam
want to see?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb30\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Where will they
meet Omar after the exhibition?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb29\sl-230\slmult0\fi8361 \up0 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 \u8226?\t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Which will be the first event at the sports
day?\par\pard\li1560\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1560\sb29\sl-
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 What must the
students remember to bring on Tuesday?\par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li9984\sb13\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]
\par\pard\ql \li9484\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total:
8] \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 You will hear a talk about turtle
conservation. Listen to the talk and complete the sentences below. \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 Write one or two words, or a number, in each gap.
\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb209\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You will
hear the talk twice. \par\pard\ql \li2188\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Sea turtles
\par\pard\li2188\sb177\sl-241\slmult0\fi14\tx8596\tx9998 \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Evidence shows that turtles
have been around for about.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 years.\tab \dn4
230\slmult0\fi14
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 It is still unknown how turtles travel in the right
direction in order to\par\pard\li2188\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9998 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 find places for\tab \dn2 \expndtw-9\charscalex87
[1]\par\pard\li2188\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2188\sb217\sl-230\slmult0\fi9
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Scientists can identify an individual turtle by
fitting a device on it which\par\pard\li2188\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi14\tx10003 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 has its own\tab \dn3 \expndtw-9\charscalex85
230\slmult0\fi14\tx4612\tx10007 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 On land\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 are the biggest risk to the survival of newborn
turtles.\tab \dn3 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\li2188\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 The main source of food for sea turtles is\tab \dn3
253\slmult0\par\pard\li2188\sb180\sl-253\slmult0\fi14 \up0
Conservation\par\pard\li2188\sb217\sl-230\slmult0\fi14\tx6638\tx10012 \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 After turtles have laid their
eggs,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 protect the nests.\tab \dn4 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\li2188\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2188\sb217\sl-
230\slmult0\fi14\tx5807\tx10012 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 To keep the eggs
safe,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 are put over the nests.\tab \dn4 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\li2208\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2208\sb222\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx5971\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 An increasing number
of\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 participate in recording how many nests\tab
\dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2208\sb1\sl-223\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 there are.\par\pard\li2208\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\fi7315 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [Total: 8]\par\pard\ql
Question 6 \par\pard\qj \li1564\ri1553\sb183\sl-230\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 You will hear six people talking about sport. For each of
speakers 1 to 6, choose from the list A to G, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 which
opinion each speaker expresses. Write the letter in the appropriate box. Use each
letter only \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 once. There is one extra letter which you
do not need to use. \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb210\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
4\charscalex100 You will hear the recording twice. \par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex102 A I've made new friends through
sport.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb68\sl-
230\slmult0\fi3057 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B Children should spend more
time taking part in
sporting\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw4462\colsr160\colno2\colw7138
\colsr160\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Speaker
2\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb173\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Speaker 3\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-
Speaker 4\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb198\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 Speaker 5\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-
Speaker 6\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 activities at school.\par\pard\ql \li4622\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb97\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 C
Sport teaches us about rules and cooperation.\par\pard\ql \li4627\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li25\sb197\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 D
I'm an enthusiastic fan of sport, although I don't do any.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex110 E Sport keeps us fit and healthy.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex106 F To play sport successfully, you need certain
characteristics.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1527\sb242\sl-456\slmult0\tx4892 \up0
\expndtw-1\charscalex100 G It's important to learn how to avoid injuring
yourself in sport. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total: 6]
\ul0\nosupersub\cf53\f54\fs110 0 \par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx11481
\dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 7\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632?\par\pard\qj
\li1569\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1569\ri1558\sb53\sl-220\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 You will hear a student talking
to an architect called Daniella Rocha, about her interest in building \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex106 below ground. Listen to their conversation and look at the
questions. For each question, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 choose the
\par\pard\ql \li1564\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 correct
answer, A, B or C and put a tick (/) in the appropriate box. \par\pard\ql
\li1564\sb210\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 You will hear the
conversation twice. \par\pard\li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1963\sb4\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx2351 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (a)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 What did Daniella enjoy drawing as a
child?\par\pard\li1963\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A
cats and dogs\par\pard\li1963\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi791 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 B family and friends\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787\tx9984 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 C houses and churches\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2351
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 What was
Daniella's first choice of course at university?\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A art\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi791 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 B
Japanese\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi787\tx9984 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 C engineering\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
[1]\par\pard\li1963\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2361 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
(c)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Houses are built underground in Australia
because\par\pard\li1963\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi787 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 A
they have no need for chimneys.\par\pard\li1963\sb216\sl-230\slmult0\fi791 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 B air conditioning is costly.\par\pard\li1963\sb226\sl-
230\slmult0\fi787\tx9984
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 C it is much cooler that way.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 [1 ]\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx2356
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (d)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 What have the
residents of one Japanese city decided to build
underground?\par\pard\li1963\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi787 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 A a recycling facility\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi791 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 B a new shopping
mall\par\pard\li1963\sb226\sl-230\slmult0\fi787\tx9984 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
C a work place\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\li1963\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx2351 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (e)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Why do people want to build underground?\par\pard\qj
\li2750\ri6109\sb22\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 A Cars can be
kept more safely. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 B The cost of land is too
high. \par\pard\li2750\sb181\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9984 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
C People are less keen on traditional buildings nowadays.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 (f)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 What is one disadvantage of building
underground?\par\pard\ql \li2750\sb207\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101
A There is no light. \par\pard\ql \li2755\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 B It harms the environment. \par\pard\li2750\sb227\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx9984 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 C People's behaviour is
changed.\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\qj \li1963\ri5016\sb23\sl-
460\slmult0\tx2750 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (g) The idea for the 'Earthscraper'
originally came from \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 A Mexico City.
\par\pard\ql \li2755\sb170\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 B early
pyramids. \par\pard\li2750\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2750\sb7\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx9984 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 C the Aztec Museum.\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb203\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (h) Daniella is returning to her hometown because
\par\pard\ql \li2750\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 A she
wants to help build the 'Earthscraper'. \par\pard\ql \li2755\sb230\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 B she is working on other buildings in
the area. \par\pard\li2750\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9984 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 C she will be researching space-saving
solutions.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9484\sb218\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total: 8] \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex110 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 8\tab \up2
\expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Part A \par\pard\qj
\li1569\ri1553\sb202\sl-240\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 You will hear
a psychologist called Azza Khalil giving a talk about different sleep patterns.
Listen to the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 talk and complete the sentences in Part
A. Write one or two words only in each gap. \par\pard\ql \li1574\sb229\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Sleep patterns \par\pard\ql \li2649\sb226\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 The very young
and the very old often wake up early. \par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx9998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Students or people with jobs
have to keep to\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Your\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 can be affected if
you have to get up early\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100
230\slmult0\fi1632\tx9998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 are caused by eating rich
food late at night.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0\par\pard\li2663\sb217\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx8126\tx10003 \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex101 We need a particular sort of sleep so that our\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 functions\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101
properly. \par\pard\qj \li2663\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2663\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex104 There are two personality types: 'early birds' and people
who stay up late. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Both have advantages.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Some people say early morning is good for workouts and
doing homework \par\pard\ql \li2668\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li2668\sb220\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 Most people
who stay up late might claim they have more time \par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-
5\charscalex100 for a\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 r?\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
5\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9508\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Questions 1-4\par\pard\qj \li1569\sb0\sl-225\slmult0
\par\pard\qj \li1569\ri0\sb1\sl-225\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 You
will hear four short recordings. Answer each question on \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100 the \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 line \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 provided. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 three words, or a number,
for each detail.\par\pard\ql \li1574\sb222\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
1\charscalex100
You will hear each recording twice.\par\pard\ql \li1579\sb226\sl-
3\charscalex100 (a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Which day do the friends agree
to go to the cinema?\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Why do the friends
decide to see the earlier film?\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (a)\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 How much is a ticket
to visit Warwick Castle?\par\pard\ql \li1968\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 What do the students
have to wear for their trip?\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (a)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 What product is the
customer complaining about?\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 What does the
customer decide to do?\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (a)\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 What information
will be on the radio next?\par\pard\ql \li1968\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 What is the presenter
most excited about discussing with Michelle Q?\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Write \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 no more
than\par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
[1]\par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-
8\charscalex71 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 \u9632? [1]\par\pard\ql
8\charscalex83 \u9632?[1]\par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
8\charscalex92 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9931\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1508\sb74\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex92 [1]\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs16 \u9632? \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\qj \li9984\sb0\sl-417\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1009\ri1517\sb115\sl-417\slmult0\fi494 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex88
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1] \line \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex96 [Total: 8]
Question 5 \par\pard\qj \li1574\ri1554\sb195\sl-240\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 You will hear a talk given by an explorer called Yoshi
Yamana, about his expedition to the South Pole. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Listen
to the talk and complete the sentences below. Write one or two words, or a number,
in each \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gap. \par\pard\ql \li1574\sb209\sl-
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 The South Pole expedition \par\pard\ql \li2289\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 The expedition
\par\pard\li2294\sb227\sl-230\slmult0\fi19\tx4795\tx10003 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 It was the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ever made on
foot without assistance.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100
[1]\par\pard\li2294\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Yoshi's
friend Akira went with him.\par\pard\li2294\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx10003
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 They met each other at\tab \up0
Preparations\par\pard\li2294\sb216\sl-230\slmult0\fi9\tx10007 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Yoshi and Akira started preparing in\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2294\sb222\sl-230\slmult0\fi4\tx6249\tx10007
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 They both went to an Arctic\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 to get used to the cold climate.\tab \dn2
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\li2294\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi9\tx7752\tx10012
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 To make sure their luggage wasn't too heavy,\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 on clothes were\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100
removed. \par\pard\ql \li2303\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2303\sb220\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Technology \par\pard\li2308\sb214\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 They took ultrabooks, but they
only used them in their\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql
\li2308\sb226\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The ultrabooks were
carefully tested before the trip. \par\pard\li2318\sb225\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx4920\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Cables and\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 had to be adapted for cold temperatures.\tab \dn2
\par\pard\ql\li2318\sb205\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 A typical day
\par\pard\ql \li2323\sb230\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Yoshi and
Akira travelled for 9 hours per day. \par\pard\li2313\sb230\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0\tx5760\tx10022 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 They had to eat up
to\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 calories daily.\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 [1]\par\pard\ql \li2332\sb210\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 Every evening they sent their updates on the journey.
\up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex96 [Total: 8] \par\pard\ql \li791\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 6 \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb230\sl-
230\slmult0\tx7732\tx8150 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 You will hear six people
talking about holidays. For each of speakers \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1 to
\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 6, choose from the list, \par\pard\qj
\li1569\ri1551\sb19\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 A to G, which
opinion each speaker expresses. Write the letter in the appropriate box. Use each
letter \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 only once. There is one extra letter which you
do not need to use. \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb212\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
2\charscalex100 You will hear the recording twice. \par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 A It's important for me to be physically active on
holiday.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb217\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 B I like to go on holiday to learn a new
skill.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb216\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 C I love visiting my friends.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Speaker 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 D I prefer
to go on holiday alone.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 Speaker 5\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 E I find
city breaks enjoyable.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb217\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex101 F Seeing my relatives is important to
me.\par\pard\li1569\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1569\sb221\sl-
230\slmult0\fi2956 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 G For me, it's better to spend
time abroad.\par\pard\li1569\sb221\sl-230\slmult0\fi7915 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex101 [Total: 6]\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-253\slmult0
240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 You will hear a radio presenter asking a
student called Abhijit about a competition called The Spelling \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex120 Bee. Listen to their conversation and look at the
questions. For each question \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex119 choose the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 correct \par\pard\ql \li1564\sb8\sl-207\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 answer, A, B or C and put a tick (/) in the appropriate
box. \par\pard\ql \li1564\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1564\sb46\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 You will hear the interview twice.
207\slmult0\tx2351 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 (a) \tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 The word 'bee' in the competition name refers to
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 A doing something with others. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex108 B having lots to do. \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2356\sb26\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 C
being intelligent. \par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-198\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-
10\charscalex77 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22
Mi\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9824\colsr160\colno2\colw1776\colsr
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (b)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 The first ever
official competition took place in\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx2759 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 A\tab
\par\pard\ql \li2361\sb42\sl-207\slmult0\tx2759 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 B\tab
\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb32\sl-207\slmult0\tx2759 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 C\tab
(c)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Where are competitions held
now?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 A all over the world\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex112 B only in Bangladesh\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-
only in the USA\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li1963\sb37\sl-207\slmult0\tx2346 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (d)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex114 What is the main reason why the deaf competitor is
mentioned?\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 A to show how brave he was to take
part\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2361\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 B to show that sign language doesn't
have abstract words\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2356\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C to show how other
people helped him during the competition\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
(e)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 What is against the rules during the
competition?\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb42\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 A to correct what has already been
spelt\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2361\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B to pause in the middle of
spelling\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 C to ask for a word to be
repeated\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
8\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-
[1]\par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex95 [1]
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 (f)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 What does
Abhijit find is the most useful way of preparing for the
competition?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 A writing things by hand a
lot\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2361\sb38\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 B reading different resources\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex112 C learning words from dictionaries\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex107 (g)\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 Abhijit thinks that in
the future, people will\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li2356\sb37\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 A lose the ability to
spell.\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2366\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 B rely more on
spellcheckers.\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 C always enjoy the
competition.\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1963\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0\tx2351 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 (h)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 What is Abhijit's advice to people who'd like to be
contestants?\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2356\sb37\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 A Revise a lot.\par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex108 B Do it with a friend.\par\pard\ql \li2356\sb0\sl-
Believe in yourself.\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 [ \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82
1]\par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9984\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 [ \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex82
1]\par\pard\qj \li9984\sb0\sl-311\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li9984\sb0\sl-
8\charscalex95 [1] \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 [Total: 8]
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632? \par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Question 8 \par\pard\ql \li1579\sb0\sl-207\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1579\sb53\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex114 Part A
220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 You will hear a zoologist giving a talk
about an animal study. Listen to the talk and complete the \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 sentences in Part A. Write one or two words only in each
gap. \par\pard\ql \li1574\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1574\sb44\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 You will hear the talk twice. \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex125 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Animals' behaviour at
night \par\pard\ql \li2299\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2299\sb38\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 The study
207\slmult0\fi0\tx9998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Andy Brody concentrated on the
behaviour of a group of\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex113
207\slmult0\fi4\tx6705\tx9998 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 For the study, the zoo
introduced\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 in the pools\tab \dn3
207\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 The leader of the
group\par\pard\li2299\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li2299\sb33\sl-207\slmult0\fi9
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 Unlike the other animals, the leader normally made a
sound like a\par\pard\li2299\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li2299\sb61\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex113 The leader was known as\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 by
the team.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex113 [1]\par\pard\ql \li2308\sb0\sl-
207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 Types of sleep \par\pard\ql
\expndtw0\charscalex108 Animals which sleep in water have half of their brain still
active. \par\pard\li2308\sb0\sl-207\slmult0\par\pard\li2308\sb47\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0\tx6705\tx10007 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 This type of sleep is
also seen in\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex112 which travel long distances\tab
\dn2 \expndtw-9\charscalex87 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs22 Questions 1-6 \par\pard\qj \li1564\ri1559\sb198\sl-
240\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 For
questions 1-6 you will hear a series of short sentences. Answer each question on
the line provided. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Your answers should be as brief as
possible. \par\pard\ql \li1569\sb209\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
You will hear each item twice. \par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 1\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 What is the weather
going to be like in the morning?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 What does Gemma want her friend to lend
her?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1564\sb29\sl-
230\slmult0\fi8356 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8226?[1]\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 3\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (a) What does the
customer want to buy?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1564\sb29\sl-
230\slmult0\fi398 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (b) How does the manager offer to
put things right?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1564\sb30\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 4\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 What ingredient does Jim
use to decorate the biscuits?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 What is on TV after the nature
programme?\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1564\sb29\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex100 6\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 How will Arturo know
that he has found Marie's house? Give two details.\par\pard\li1564\sb0\sl-
[1]\par\pard\ql \li9979\sb218\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]
\par\pard\ql \li9484\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total:
8] \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf39\f40\fs4 \u9632? \par\pard\ql
240\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 Listen to the following interview with
a scientist from Nepal about a national park and the conservation \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex111 work done there. Then complete the notes below.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 You will hear the interview twice. \par\pard\ql
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex116 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Royal Chitwan National
Park in Nepal \par\pard\ql \li5265\sb0\sl-299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5265\sb0\sl-
299\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5265\sb23\sl-299\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-11\charscalex93 V
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Nepal \par\pard\ql \li2380\sb113\sl-207\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 land area: 148,000 square kilometres
population: about\tab \dn2 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
[1]\par\pard\qj \li2376\ri5731\sb0\sl-320\slmult0\fi4 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex112 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 highest point: 8,000 metres
above sea level \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 variety of weather conditions
\par\pard\ql \li1795\sb78\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex117 History of
park \par\pard\ql \li2380\sb113\sl-207\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 area
was a safe place for rhinos in mid-20,h century \par\pard\li1790\sb115\sl-
230\slmult0\fi585\tx10007 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 first ever national park was
created in Nepal in year\tab \dn2 \expndtw-9\charscalex85
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li1790\sb91\sl-207\slmult0\fi595 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex113 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 eventually, the park was
listed as a World Heritage Site\par\pard\li1790\sb124\sl-207\slmult0\fi9 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex124 Plants\par\pard\li1790\sb100\sl-207\slmult0\fi595\tx3902
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex118 elephant grass\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex120 -
keeps animals dry and safe\par\pard\li1790\sb111\sl-230\slmult0\fi2111\tx10012 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex115 - used by people for building\tab \dn2 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li1790\sb100\sl-
207\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 \ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 Wildlife
in park\par\pard\li1790\sb110\sl-207\slmult0\fi600 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109
birds, e.g. giant hornbill\par\pard\li1790\sb106\sl-230\slmult0\fi604\tx10017
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113 mammals that are safe from extinction, e.g\tab \dn2
\expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\li1790\sb91\sl-
endangered species, e.g. river dolphins\par\pard\li1790\sb124\sl-207\slmult0\fi4
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex121 Tigers\par\pard\li1790\sb100\sl-
207\slmult0\fi600\tx7766\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 after last count,
tiger population has increased by\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex115 per cent\tab
\dn3 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20
[1]\par\pard\li1790\sb115\sl-207\slmult0\fi600 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex113
\ul0\nosupersub\cf25\f26\fs18 technology currently used to carry out the
survey:\par\pard\li1790\sb109\sl-207\slmult0\fi2616\tx10022 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 help with recognising individual tigers\tab \dn3 \expndtw-
8\charscalex95 [1]\par\pard\li1790\sb115\sl-207\slmult0\fi604\tx10022 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex116 people want to use tigers' habitat as\tab \dn3 \expndtw-
8\charscalex95 [1]\par\pard\ql \li9527\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [Total: 7] \par\pard\ql \li787\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 8 \par\pard\qj
\li1574\ri1616\sb29\sl-460\slmult0\fi4 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Listen to the
following talk about taking books to children in Laos. Then complete the following
details. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You will hear the talk twice.
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs26 Book boats \par\pard\li4468\sb0\sl-
\expndtw0\charscalex228 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 <*\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex80 \ul0\nosupersub\cf64\f65\fs94 m\par\pard\li1785\sb226\sl-
230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Aim: to
help improve children's opportunities\par\pard\li1785\sb101\sl-
230\slmult0\fi4\tx7295\tx10003 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Best slogan:"\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ."\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex104
[1]\par\pard\li1785\sb87\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 What we
do: build or improve schools and train teachers\par\pard\li1785\sb101\sl-
230\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Difficulties faced by
inhabitants\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw5772\colsr160\colno2\colw5
828\colsr160\ql \li2188\ri1684\sb12\sl-321\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100
most people live in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 because of heavy
rain\par\pard\qj \li1800\ri398\sb7\sl-326\slmult0\fi383 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 type of work done during dry periods: \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex110 Latest project\par\pard\qj \li2183\ri166\sb0\sl-
324\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 location: villages near the Mekong
River \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 two boats have been made into\par\pard\column
\ql \li20\sb87\sl-230\slmult0\tx4100 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 places, in the
countryside\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\ql \li361\sb91\sl-
230\slmult0\tx4100 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is difficult for six months of the
year\tab \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\ql \li1590\sb102\sl-
230\slmult0\tx4105 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 work\tab \up0 \expndtw-
9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\ql \li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li4100\sb68\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb77\sl-230\slmult0\fi383\tx3672 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 typical day:\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 boat arrives
early in the morning\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb92\sl-230\slmult0\fi1872
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 children choose books\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1800\sb92\sl-230\slmult0\fi1872\tx6864\tx10017 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
children use\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 to read at night\tab \dn3
\expndtw0\charscalex102 [1]\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb96\sl-
230\slmult0\fi1872 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 departs early next
morning\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb101\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 Other activities\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\li1800\sb92\sl-230\slmult0\fi393\tx8332 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 games to
teach literacy and\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 e.g.
keeping\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\fi393\tx10022
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 yourself clean\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
[1]\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb87\sl-
230\slmult0\fi398\tx6470\tx9393\tx10022 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 children learn
about their\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 through singing and dancing\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 J\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102
[1]\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \li1800\sb97\sl-
230\slmult0\fi398\tx7339\tx9076\tx10022 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 organisation
hopes to have enough\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 to expand in future\tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1/\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 [1]\par\pard\ql
\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 Question 9\par\pard\qj \li1564\sb0\sl-225\slmult0
Listen to the following interview with Anita Price, a long-distance swimmer, and
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 then answer the questions below.\par\pard\ql
\li1564\sb222\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 You will hear the
interview twice.\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb226\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex102 (a) What was unique about Anita's recent
swim?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-
(b) What stopped Anita swimming from Cuba to Florida on her first
attempt?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-
(c) What advantage can an older person have in long-distance
swimming?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-
(d) Why does Anita count when she is swimming?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (e) What single thing did Anita wear to
protect her face from jellyfish?\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
230\slmult0\tx2346 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex93 (f)\tab \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex104 What does Anita say is essential for
success?\par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-
\up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs20 [1]\par\pard\ql
\li592\sb212\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1]\par\pard\qj
\up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 [1] \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 [6 marks]
230\slmult0
440\slmult0\fi9 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Listen to the following talk about the
northern lights, and then answer the questions below. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
You will hear the talk twice. \par\pard\ql \li1963\sb194\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex105 (a) What two things amazed the speaker most about the
northern lights? \par\pard\ql \li9921\sb0\sl-230\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li9921\sb20\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex85 \u8226?[1]
\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (b) What
month does the speaker say is best for seeing the northern lights?
\par\pard\li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1963\sb36\sl-230\slmult0\fi7958 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 \u8226?\t \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102
[1]\par\pard\li1963\sb187\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (c) Why
do you need to be patient if you want to see the northern
lights?\par\pard\li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1963\sb30\sl-
230\slmult0\fi7958 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8226?
[1]\par\pard\li1963\sb182\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (d) What
mode of transport did the speaker use to reach his
destination?\par\pard\li1963\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1963\sb35\sl-
230\slmult0\fi8015 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 [1]\par\pard\ql \li1963\sb180\sl-
230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 (e) Why was the speaker able to get a
clear view of the lights from the lake? Give two reasons. \par\pard\ql
\expndtw-9\charscalex85 [2] \par\pard\ql \li9484\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-9\charscalex95 [Total: 6] \par\pard\ql \li739\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 192 | Page \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

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