Android RIL Driver

User Guide

Version 1.0

Copyright © Neoway Technology Co., Ltd. 1

Android RIL Driver User Guide

Copyright © Neoway Technology Co., Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Shenzhen Neoway Technology Co., Ltd.

Trademarks
is the trademark of Neoway Technology Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.

Notice
This document applicable models are: N720, N710.
This document is intended for system engineers (SEs), development engineers, and test engineers.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice due to product version update or
other reasons.
Every effort has been made in preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all
statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind,
express or implied.
Sales@neoway.com
Support@neoway.com
Website: http://www.neoway.com

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

Revision Record
Issue Date Changes
V1.0 2017-04 Initial draft

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

Content
1 About This Document ...................................................................................................... 1
2 RIL Driver ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 VID and PID List................................................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Function .............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.3 Software Version ................................................................................................................................ 2
3 USB Driver Configuration ............................................................................................... 3
3.1 Adding VID/PID ................................................................................................................................. 3
3.2 Configuring the Serial Port Driver in Menuconfig GUI ..................................................................... 3
3.3 Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 4
4 Configuring USB NDIS Kernel ...................................................................................... 5
4.1 Configuring NDIS in Menuconfig GUI .............................................................................................. 5
4.2 Test ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
5 RIL Integration ................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 About RIL ........................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1.1 Communication between AP and BP......................................................................................... 7
5.1.2 Position of RIL in Android System ........................................................................................... 8
5.2 Configuring RIL ................................................................................................................................. 8
6 FAQ .................................................................................................................................... 11
6.1 How to Set APN ................................................................................................................................11
6.2 How to Capture Logs........................................................................................................................ 13
6.3 How to Analyze Dialup Failure ........................................................................................................ 13

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

1 About This Document

This document provides guidance for users to integrate the RIL library driver into the device running
Android OS, and to modify the configuration file to debug the RIL library driver for the PPP dial-up or
NIDS dialing.
It is applicable to N720, and N710.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

2 RIL Driver
2.1 VID and PID List
Neoway has several models of 4G LTE modules, which support NDIS and PPP dial-up. The following
table shows corresponding VID and PID list.
Model no VID PID
N720 0x2949 0x8241
N710 0x05c6 0x8080

Configurations of N710 USB port:

Default USB composition: RNDIS + MODEM + TTY + Diag
Configurations of N720 USB port:
Default USB composition: RNDIS + MODEM + TTY + TTY + Mass storage + ADB + Diag

2.2 Function
Function Support or Not
Data service YES

2.3 Software Version

Software Version Support or Not
Android 3.x YES
Android 4.x YES
Android 5.x YES
Android 6.x YES

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

3 USB Driver Configuration

3.1 Adding VID/PID
N710 is used as an example. VID/PID varies with modules.
Open drivers / usb / serial / option.c.
#define QUALCOMM_VENDOR_ID 0x05C6
Add the following line in the option_ids array:
USB_DEVICE (QUALCOMM_VENDOR_ID, 0x8080)}

3.2 Configuring the Serial Port Driver in Menuconfig

GUI
In the kernel directory, execute make menuconfig. In the GUI displayed, perform the following
procedures:
Step 1 Navigate to Device Drivers.

Step 2 Select USB support.

Step 3 Select USB Gadget Support.

Step 4 Select USB Gadget Drivers (Serial Gadget (with CDC ACM and CDC OBEX support)).

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

Step 5 Go back to the previous directory, select USB Serial Converter support.

3.3 Testing
After compiling and reflashing and the serial port is configured, check whether /dev/ttyUSB* is generated
in the setting node.
If it is generated, upper applications can communicate with the module via these ports (send AT
commands, etc.).

 For an N710 module

− If three ttyUSB ports are displayed: ttyUSB0 is the AT port, ttyUSB1 is the modem port.
− If five ttyUSB ports are displayed: ttyUSB2 is the AT port, ttyUSB3 is the modem port.
 For an N720 module
− If six ttyUSB ports are displayed: ttyUSB3 is the AT port, ttyUSB1 is the modem port.
− If five ttyUSB ports are displayed: ttyUSB2 is the AT port, ttyUSB0 is the modem port.
When testing AT commands, modify the permissions of ttyUSB if requiring permission.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

4 Configuring USB NDIS Kernel

If PPP dialup is used, skip this step and move to RIL integration.
USB NDIS kernel is configured in two ways: one is in the deconfig, the other is in the menuconfig GUI.
The following sections describe how to configure in menuconfig GUI.

4.1 Configuring NDIS in Menuconfig GUI

In the kernel directory, execute make menuconfig. In the GUI displayed, perform the following
procedures:
Step 1 Select Device Drivers.

Step 2 Select Network device support.

Step 3 Select USB Network Adapters.

Step 4 Select Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework.

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Step 5 Select Host for RNDIS and ActiveSync devices.

4.2 Test
Recompile the software and reflash into device. Power on the device again and plug in module. After the
device is powered on, usb0 is added when querying using the netcfg command.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

5 RIL Integration
Decompression Neoway_Android_Ril.tar.gz.
libreference-ril.so (PPP dialup)
libreference-ril_ndis.so (used for NDIS dialup. Modify the library name when using it)
init.gprs-pppd (PPP dialup script)
Neoway_Android_RIL_Driver_User_Guide_V1.0

5.1 About RIL

Android Radio Interface Layer (RIL) provides an abstraction layer between the Telephony service and the
Radio hardware. RIL is responsible for the reliable data transmission, AT command sending and response
parsing.

5.1.1 Communication between AP and BP

The OS, user interface (UI), and applications run on the application processor (AP), such as an
ARM-based CPU. The radio communications and control software, however, runs on another separated
CPU called Baseband Processor (BP).
In an Android OS, RIL Daemon (RILD) runs on the AP. Applications on the AP send AT commands to BP
through the RILD, and the BP sends the information received to the AP through RILD. AP and BP
communicate in the following two ways:
 Solicited Response: AP sends a request to BP, and BP sends a reply to AP.
 Unsolicited Response: BP sends events to AP.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

5.1.2 Position of RIL in Android System

The following figure shows the RIL in the context of Android's Telephony system architecture.

Android RIL includes an upper layer and a lower layer:

 The upper layer is in the Java Framework, which is Java-based. It consists of two parts:
− RIL framework: the RIL module is mainly used for communication with the lower RILD.
− Phone framework: The phone framework directly expose the telephony interface to application
developers to implement the telephony function.
 The lower layer is above the Linux kernel and C/C++-based. It consists of two components:
− RILD: The RILD initializes the Vendor RIL, processes all communication from Android
telephony services, and dispatches calls to the Vendor RIL as solicited commands.
− Vendor RIL, The radio-specific Vendor RIL of ril.h that processes all communication with radio
hardware and dispatches calls to the RILD through unsolicited commands.

5.2 Configuring RIL

Configure RIL in the following process:
Step 1 Modify init.rc.
Generally, this file is in the /system/core/rootdir/ file directory. Navigate to the init.rc file using adb
shell and then modify it.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

 NDIS
Specify the library name as shown below. Then jump to Step 5 to add the file.
service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild –l libreference-ril.so
class main
socket rild stream 660 root radio
socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw
 PPP
Perform the following steps:
1. Specify the library and serial device name.
Delete the RIL library file and serial device name after -1 in service rild and add the following
contents:
service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l libreference-ril.so
class main
socket rild stream 660 root radio
socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw
ril-deamon and /system/bin/rild, used to start RILD are the executable files, which are generated
after hardware/ril/rild.c. The parameters are as follows:
− -l: Specifies that the AT-related dynamic link library is libreference-ril.so;
− -d: Specifies that the AT port is /dev/ttyUSB0 (depends on the number displayed).
2. Add a dialup script.
service pppd_gprs /etc/init.gprs-pppd
class main
disabled
oneshot
group radio cache inet misc
3. Add permissions.
Create peers and chat directories.
on post-fs-data
......
mkdir /data/ppp 0777 root root
mkdir /data/ppp/peers 0777 root root
mkdir /data/ppp/chat 0777 root root

Step 2 Modify the dialing script path.

In the /ppp/pppd/pathnames.h file, modify the dialup script path:
Annotations: //#define _PATH_PEERFILES _ROOT_PATH "/etc/ppp/peers/"
Add: #define _PATH_PEERFILES _ROOT_PATH "/data/ppp/peers/"
Step 3 Modify the permissions.
Add directories in /system/core/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h:
android_dirs[]
{ 00755, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, "data/ppp/peers" },

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{ 00755, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, "data/ppp/chat" },

android_files[]
{00777, AID_ROOT, AID_SHELL, "system/etc/init.gprs-pppd"}
Step 4 After the modification, compile the code and finally burn.
Step 5 Add files.
 NDIS dialup
Preset the libreference-ril.so library to /system/lib and modify the permissions of related files.
adb push libreference-ril.so /system/lib
adb shell chmod 777 /system/bin/ndc
adb shell chmod 777 /system/bin/netcfg

 PPP dialup
Preset init.gprs-ppspd and 3gdata_call.conf to the path specified by init.rc and modify the
permissions.
adb push init.gprs-pppd /etc
adb push libreference-ril.so /system/lib
adb shell chmod 777 /etc/init.gprs-pppd
adb shell chmod 777 /system/lib/libreference-ril.so

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

6 FAQ
6.1 How to Set APN
Perform the steps as follows:
Step 1 Tap the settings and navigate to the Access Point Names page.

Step 2 Tap New APN at the bottom.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

Step 3 Set APN based on the operator.

Step 4 Set MCC MNC.

MMC and MNC generally are set by default. If the MMC and MNC are not supported, set them
manually.

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Android RIL Driver User Guide

6.2 How to Capture Logs

1. Capture radio log: adb logcat -b radio -v time.
2. Capture Android system log: adb logcat -v time.
3. If the device is connected to the computer via a serial port, execute the following commands after
entering the serial shell mode:
Locat -b radio -v time
Logcat -v time
4. Printed log as a file

6.3 How to Analyze Dialup Failure

Dialup failure might be caused by different factors. Follow the procedures below to locate the issues:.
1. Check if the SIM card works properly.
Search AT + CPIN? In the log to see if return value is READY.
If the module returns ERROR or SIM PIN (requiring PIN code), check whether the SIM card slot
detects the SIM card, whether it is powered on, or whether the SIM card is normal.
2. Check whether the module registers the voice network or data network.
Search AT + CREG? and AT + CGREG in the log. If the module returns 0,1 or 0,5, it can register
the voice network or data network. If it returns other values, check if the SIM card arrears, or if there
is any problem with the antenna.
3. Check whether PPP dialup or NDIS dialup works properly.
Search PPP or AT ^ NDISDUP = 1,1 in the log to see if any PPP dialup or NDIS dialup is
performed.
If not, search No APN found for carrier, which indicates that this APN is not supported. Add it to
apns-conf.xml.
If the message does not exist, search setup_data_call, which indicates data service is requested.
If setup_data_call does not exist, check if data service is enabled.

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