CL455 Autumn 2018

CL455: Report for Problem-1

1. Group Number: 20

2. Names of group members with roll numbers:

Prajakta Gajbhiye (150020102)

Prathamesh Kulkarni (150020027)

3. Date of submission: 08/10/2018

4. Mass flow rate = 0.8 kg/s

5. Results

5.1. Reynolds number (show calculations):

𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 ∗ 𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 ∗ 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓

𝑹𝒆 =
𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 ∗ 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂

Density of water = 997 kg/m3

Viscosity of water = 0.0008900 Pa-s
Average velocity = 0.408 m/s

Hence, Re = 22852.58

5.2. Snapshot of the front view of the mesh:

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

5.3. Snapshot of residual versus iteration plot:

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

5.4. Plotting and comparison of radial profile of axial velocity:

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

Velocity profile plots using MATLAB

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

The prediction of radial profile of the axial velocity using CFD simulation is fairly accurate
with respect to the theoretical profile.
Yes, the prediction improved for a finer mesh, i.e. on decreasing the mesh size. A finer mesh
is achieved by decreasing the mesh size which implies that the elements in the mesh are made
smaller. As we keep on making the elements smaller by decreasing the mesh size, the solution
approaches the the true value.

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

5.5. Snapshot of the velocity contours at the inlet and the outlet:
Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m
1. Inlet:

2. Outlet

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

1. Inlet:

2. Outlet:

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

The contours depict more variation in the axial velocity at the outlet than that at the inlet. This
is due to the fully developed velocity profile which is achieved by the fluid as it travels through
the pipe.

5.6. Pressure drop from CFD simulation =

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m
Inlet: 101372.42 Pa
Outlet: 101325.09 Pa
∆P = Inlet P - Outlet P
∆P = 47.33 Pa

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

Inlet: 101372.73 Pa
Outlet: 101325.07 Pa
∆P = 47.66 Pa
5.7. Friction factor from CFD simulations (show calculations) =

Friction factor can be calculated from the following equation:

𝒇𝑫 ∗ 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 ∗ 𝑳 ∗ 𝒗𝟐
∆𝐏 =
𝟐∗𝒅
L=1m
Diameter (d) = 0.05 m
Density of water = 997 kg/m3
Average Velocity = 0.408 m/s
Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m
∆P = 47.33Pa
Hence, f = 0.0285

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

∆P = 47.66 Pa
Hence, f = 0.0287

5.8. Friction factor from Blasius equation (show calculations) =

Blasius Equation is given by

𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟔
𝒇=
(𝑹𝒆)𝟎.𝟐𝟓
Re = 22852.58
f = 0.0257

5.9. % Error in prediction of friction factor by CFD simulations =

𝒇(𝑪𝑭𝑫 𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔) − 𝒇(𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = | | ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒇(𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size
CL455 Autumn 2018

f (Blasius Equation) = 0.0257

Option 1: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 5e-3 m

f (CFD simulations) = 0.0285
Hence, Percentage Error = (0.0285 - 0.0257) *100/0.0257 = 10.89 %

Option 2: Hexahedron mesh, and both parameters 3e-3 m

f (CFD simulations) = 0.0287
Hence, Percentage Error = (0.0287-0.0257)*100/0.0257 = 11.67 %

both parameters: Max Face size and Max size for the mesh, used for determining the mesh
size