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FM VHF UHF
Antenna Antenna Antenna
Ghost image – when you receive transmission from two stations at the same
frequency range. In order to filter out the ghost image, the amplifier need to filter out
the ghost frequency.
SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY
FREQUENCY RANGES
VHF
TRANSPOSING
10 700 12 700
MHz
FM DIPLEXING AT OUTLET
Full band mixer SAT
FM
VHF / UHF
VHF
UHF
TV/SAT mixer
100
75
Reception Level
Outlet Level
50
25
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
SATELLITE RECEPTION
• SATTELITE DISHES
• 60 CM / 90 CM / 120 CM …
• Steel – Aluminium - Composite
• LNB
• Single
• Quattro
• Fibre
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
TAPS
• Passive distribution equipment
• Limited THROUGH LOSS (2 to 5 dB)
• Adjusted TAP LOSSES from 10 to 20 dB
• Available for SAT and/or Terrestrial signals
20
dB - 5dB - 1dB 65 dBuV
Tap Loss - 2 dB - 4dB - 5dB
10 to 20 dB
16 - 1dB
dB - 5dB
67 dBuV
- 3 dB
- 4dB - 5dB
13
dB - 5dB - 1dB
67 dBuV
- 5 dB
- 4dB - 5dB
12
- 5dB - 1dB
dB
63 dBuV
- 4dB - 5dB
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
SPLITTERS
• Passive distribution equipment
• « Split the signal in 2 to 8 signals of
equal value
INNER CONDUCTOR :
OUTER JACKET :
BARE COPPER
WHITE PVC – RAL
COVERED STEEL
1013
1,01 mm ± 0,02
SHIELD 2 :
ALUMINIUM BRAID DIELECTRIC :
60% FOAM
SHIELD 1 : POLYETHYLENE
BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL Ø 4,57 mm ± 0,2
RG6 – POLYESTER –
ALUMINIUM FOIL
INNER CONDUCTOR :
OUTER JACKET :
BARE COPPER
WHITE PVC – RAL
COVERED STEEL
1013
1,62 mm ±0,02
Ø 10,16mm ±0,4
SHIELD 1 : DIELECTRIC :
ALUMINIUM BRAID FOAM
60% SHIELD 2 : POLYETHYLENE
BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL Ø 7,11 mm ± 0,2
– POLYESTER –
RG11 ALUMINIUM FOIL
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
COAXIAL CABLES : Main parameters
• IMPEDANCE : 75 OHMS
RG11 11 dB 13 dB 18 dB
• SCREEN EFFICIENCY
• Level of protection offered by the screen (foil + braid) against
external interferences
• The higher the frequencies the more important is this parameter
• Example : > 75 dB for Axitronic PVCRG6B & XR11A
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
CABLE BENDING RADIUS
• Minimum bending radius of 10 X the cable diameter
• 68 mm for RG6
• 105 mm for RG11
• Sharp bending radius will damage the cable dielectric and cause
impedance disruptions which can deteriorate image quality
68 mm
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
OUTLETS
Insertion Loss 87.5 - 862 MHz 960 - 2050 MHz
TAP LOSS 5.0 dB 5.0 dB
Satellite output
F-Connector
UHF/VHF output
IEC 9.52 F -Connector
FM output
IEC 9.52 M-Connector
Through Loss
SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN
SATELLITE SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION WITH MULTISWITCHES
20 m
7 m
30 m
SMATV System - Conventional
SMATV System - Conventional
SMATV System - Conventional
SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN
SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN
SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN
MULTI-
DO NOT LOOP SWITCHERS
THE OUTLET ARE
POINT CASCADED
SMATV HD – FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN
SMATV HD – FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN
FIBER OPTIC
CONVERTER –
CONVERT OPTICAL
SIGNAL TO
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM
(ELVS)
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• SMATV
• CCTV SYSTEM
• SECURITY SYSTEM
• BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)
CCTV Surveillance System
• TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS:
1. DOME, - Lift lobbies, lift car, indoor space
2. CCD / BOX – car parks, staircase, outdoor space
3. PTZ – suitable big public areas (e.g. main office lobby,
hotel main lobby, auditoriums). allows security
personnel to rotate and zoom.
CCTV Surveillance System -
Camera lens
CCTV camera lens will affect the field
of view (FoV) - Extend of area
captured by the camera
• Fixed lens – fixed focal point
• Vari-focal lens – allows users to
adjust focal points
In most installations, dome cameras
are usually installed with fixed lens.
However, vari-focal lens are optional
accessories and shall be considered
depending on application.
Fixed box cameras are usually
installed with vari-focal lens. This
allows users to select the FoV.
CCTV Surveillance System –
Resolution
• CCTV Resolution – Pixel Count
Keypad
Wireless
key
SECURITY SYSTEM - PERIMETER
PROTECTION
Bypassed window can be opened
Window when a security system is armed
Door Sensor
Sensor
Door Sensor
Main entrance
doors commonly
have time delay
and there is
usually a keypad
located beside
the entrance
Window
Sensor
SECURITY SYSTEM - INTERIOR
PROTECTION
Motion
Detector
Break glass
detector for
fixed window
SECURITY SYSTEM -
Communication & Monitoring
Internet / telephone
alarm Monitoring station
communicator
INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM
• More complex
security
system for
multi-tenant
premise (e.g.
office building
and shopping
mall)
• Integrate with
carpark boom
gate, turnstile,
lift access
General Configuration Of Security Controller
Compatible card
Controller box
reader. Reader can
house in a security
be with or without
riser
keypad
Signal to output
relay to trigger
access.
EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM
(ELVS)
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• SMATV
• CCTV SYSTEM
• SECURITY SYSTEM
• BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM?
A distributed
control system
comprising
computerized,
intelligent network
of electronic
devices designed
to:
• monitor
• control
the mechanical and
electrical systems in
a building
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF BAS
• Improve facility
management and
maintenance
• Improve comfort
• Reduce energy
SAMPLE: Chiller Status
INTRODUCTION
BAS PROTOCOLS
• Proprietary Protocols
• Published Interoperability Protocols
– Modbus
• Published by Modicon in 1979
• Master/Slave protocol
• Simple and robust
– LonWorksTM (local operation network)
• Created by Echelon Corporation in 1988
• Operates on a peer-to-peer basis
• Standard control networking ANSI/CEA 709.1 and IEEE 1473-L
– BACNet (Building Automation and Control Networks)
• Started by Standard Project Committee (SPC) in 1987
• Published as ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 135 in 1995
• Designed for truly interoperable – non-proprietary, open protocol
communication standard
• Designed for building automation and control systems application
SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE TYPICAL
BACNET SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
WML/WAP
Gateway / Router
Native BACnet MS/TP
ZN
ME
(Zone
(Multi
Network)
Equipment)
SE
Fire Security (Single
Boiler Lighting Equipment)
SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE TYPICAL
BACNET SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
BACNet Ethernet
• IP addresses and MAC addresses
• Peer to peer in nature
Third Party
• Modbus network, LONWorks
network or proprietary network
BACNet MS/TP
(Master-Slave/Token Passing)
• Each device on the link is considered
Gateway / router the “master” when it has the token.
• Router connect multiple network without changing the form • Speeds up to 1Mbps or less over
or content of the message twisted pair wiring
• Gateway connect multiple network by “repacking” the
message (i.e. translation)
BAS Design for GBI Office building
• Ducted Variable Air Volume (VAV) system
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring and Control (CO2
sensor in return duct to control fresh air intake)
• Lighting Control with photo-sensors and motion
detectors for daylighting
• Lighting control with motion sensor
• Linked to all electrical sub-meters to facilitate
energy monitoring by tenants and end users
• Linked to water sub-meters to facilitate early
detection of water leakage
SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE
INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM
– SOME EXAMPLES
• Control Strategy
• Air Conditioning Control
• Lighting Control
SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE
INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SYSTEM
LIGHTING CONTROL
Basic close loop feedback control system