ANALYSIS

In the third experimentation, we come to know another principle about light, which is the

refraction from a spherical surface (thin lens). An object with distance at infinity is utilized in the

first part and we have to acquire the focal length. After retrieving the needed input, the focal

length is computed by using the lens equation where the image distance is near infinity which

leads to another equation where the focal length is equivalent to the image distance. We obtained

an mean focal length of 9.85 cm with 1.5% error for the first lens and 19.5 cm with 2.5% error

for the second lens. The image observed in this part is real and inverted. The second part is the

determination of the focal length by moving the lenses between the screen and the source of

light. We computed a mean focal length of 9.906 with 0.94% error for the first lens and 19.518

cm with 2.41% error for the second lens. It was observed that even though the distances of object

and the image interchange, the results remain the same. However, we noticed that the image

displayed is different. For instance, the image shrink when the object distance is greater than the

image distance. On the other hand, the image is magnified if the distance of the image is larger

than that of the object.

The nature of study of this experiment focused on determining the focal length of the

convex lens by graphing method or placing the object in different locations. The outcome in the

first section helps us realize that the image produced is real and inverted because real images are

produce when the distance of the object is larger than the focal length of the lens. In the second

part, the interchangeable distances of the object and the image give us the same results but

different images formed. This is due to the fact the convex lens itself has two focal points on

both sides.
CONCLUSION

Refraction occurs when the light ray is bent when it hits a material. Lenses are devices

that can refract parallel light rays and can create an image. We used convex lenses in this

experiment, which have two focal points on each of its sides. This is the reason why the

distances of image and object in the second part of the experiment can be switched and it can

produce an inverted real or erected virtual image, depending on the values of focal length and

object distance. We also learned to determine the focal length of the lens when the object is

positioned at an infinite distance. We found that focal length is determined by using the lens

equation where the image is at infinite distance, resulting to an equation where the focal length is

equivalent to the image distance.

The second part of the experiment involves the determination of the focal length with

the use of an finite object, which in our case, the light source provided. The screen and the light

source is a few centimeters apart and the lens is moved back and forth until an image projected

on the screen. The focal lengths remain the same despite being interchangeable as seen on our

results due to the fact that convex lenses are comprised of two focal points on both sides. Using

an object with distance at infinity, we demonstrated that real images are formed when the object

distance is larger than the focal length of the lens as derived from the results that we had in the

first section of this experiment where the image produced by the convex lens is an inverted and

real image.

To achieve a low percentage error, experimenters must ensure to read the right

measurements of the image distance and the object distance especially at the latter part of the

experiment. Even the smallest inaccuracy in measuring the distance might affect the results

greatly.