IOSR Journal of Environmental XXXXXXXX (IOSRJXXXX) (11 Italic) (Times New Roman)

ISSN : XXXX-XXXX Volume X, Issue X (XXXX-XXXX 2018), PP XX-XX

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Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater

performance ecological in the crop of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Edwin Gálvez 1, Daniel Cruz2, José Antonio Legua1 Walter Pardavé3, Yenni
Santamaria4
1
Faculty of chemical and Metallurgical Engineering. Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión. Peru
2Graduate School. Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión University. Peru
3. Environmental Group Research Applied UDES, Colombia
4. Metallurgical Engineer, UIS, Colombia

Abstract: This research work is the response of lettuce to the application of different doses of Biol obtained from the
vinasse of sugar cane, the main objective being a greater yield of lettuce per hectare. The research was conducted
using a methodology that has by objective to find significant statistical differences when comparing the treatments
tested. The treatments are 5 included witness T1 with 0.0, T2 with 250, T3 with 500, T4 with 750, T5 with 1000 ml of
Biol over 200 L of water, these doses were applied to two-stroke at 7 and 14 days after transplantation. The evaluation
was conducted with indicators of plant height, Equatorial diameter, weight of a lettuce, which determined
performance commercial and through physical analysis laboratory was obtained the results of the vegetative growth
of plants of lettuce, in these stood out the T5 with 12.02 t /h has commercial performance, length of floor with 26.92
cm, weight a lettuce 165.83 g, 24.79 equatorial diameter cm. However the T4 obtained greater root with 9 cm length.
Foliar analysis, obtained from each treatment, it was determined that it has higher dose of biol decreases the
concentration of elements in with 750 ml T4 and T5 with 1000 ml of biol per 200 litres of water, being favorable for
that increased the yield of lettuce.

Keywords: Biol, by-products of the sugar cane, ecological performance.

I. Introduction
This research work is based on the agrosostenible and ecological development so innova conventional tasks,
since it reduces the application of chemical inputs to the plant and the soil. Biol which was obtained from the dilution
of by-products of sugarcane (bagasse and stillage) and other materials (Guinea pig manure and plant stubble) with
water in a ratio of 0.244 g of by-products per mL of water was used for this reason. Regarding the agrosostenible
dimension we can corroborate the expressions with FAO (2002), which exposes the organic fertilizer often creates the
basis for the successful use of mineral fertilizers. The combination of organic fertilizer / organic matter and mineral
fertilizers offers ideal conditions for growing.
With respect to ecological sustainability where the protection of the soil is important nowadays, organic nutrients meet
function protect the soil system as it expresses Bello A. et al. (2004), required a new approach in research and
management of organic matter, and above all in research on composting, which should place emphasis on the existing
interrelationships between compost-soil-crop, focusing on one multidisciplinary research on eco biology of compost,
taking into account agro-ecological characteristics of culture and especially the ecology and biology of the soil.
The research proposed the use of the Biol produced using bagasse and vinasse of sugar cane, as the organic alternative
to the production of lettuce and minimize environmental pollution by waste burning, what Bustamante K. (2014), to
mentioned in regards to the pollution of the air, this industry generates particles such as soot and smoke emissions by
the use of fuel oil, from burning bagasse and subsoil of sugar cane.
Biol produced through research has demonstrated effectiveness in different treatments, as verified in the height of
plant, Equatorial diameter and weight of the lettuce as manifest FONCODES (2014), biol stimulates the growth of the
plants and enables protection against pests and diseases, it also helps to maintain the vigor of the plants and withstand
extreme climate events. It is particularly useful after Frost and HailStorm

Biol plant offers a variety of physical and chemical properties which is manifested in the quality and performance of
the plant, as it López E. et al (2015), compost (sub products of sugar-cane based) shows positive indicators of quality
quantifying humidity 59%, pH 8.2; 12.5 carbon-nitrogen ratio; a bulk density of 0.55 g cm-3, nitrogen from 1%, 1.3%,
DOI: 10.9790/0853-XXXXXXX www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

potassium phosphorus 1,1% and 1.1% magnesium, as well as a low salinity. It proved beneficial for organic
production.

II. Material And Methods

This research work is about doses of biol in the cultivation of lettuce, which is obtained by sub (vinasse and
pulp) sugar cane products this was carried out on the farm the old located in the province of Barranca.

Research method:
The experiment of different doses of Biol applied to the cultivation of lettuce aims to obtain the greater eco-efficiency,
since this minimizes the consumption of chemical fertilizers. For which has been tested in five treatments and was
evaluated physical and chemical characteristics, with these statements is set that it is an applied method because it
relies on to get an adequate dose to improve performance, this rests with López E. (2011) the applied research has the
purpose of the study is the pursuit of knowledge for the purpose of immediate reality application to modify it or present
solutions to practical problems, rather than to formulate theories about them.

Procedure of the experiment:

This experiment was conducted in the following manner: • for the preparation of the land were the following: field
cleaning, irrigation of machaco, oreo and agricultural machinery.
• Took the respective samples for soil analysis, which provided a result (table N ° 1).
• To obtain biol proceeded in the following manner:
The composting process lasted 112 days and its formulation was 16.5 kg of stubble, 16.5 kg of manure of cuy, 11 Kg
of bagasse and 11 L of vinasse. After obtaining the composting took 0.244 kg which was added to 1 liter of water,
thus obtaining biol.
• Then proceeded to the stroke of the land, to find treatments that are T1 with 0.0, with 250 T2, T3 with 500, 750 T4
and T5 with 1000 ml of Biol over 200 L of water.
• Became the nursery of lettuce which lasted 37 days, there was transplanted and then applied biol on two-stroke at 7
and 14 days after transplantation.
• Throughout the lettuce plant phenological process is collected, organized, processed and analyzed the data of height,
Equatorial diameter, weight and business performance through the statistical analysis of ANOVA and Duncan test at
5% error.

Soil analysis
The obtaining of concentration of nutrients from the soil, was obtained through the analysis of 1 kg of sample obtained
at random, according to the conceptual framework of Quiroga and bonus a. (2002), mentions this end, and is required
to prepare a sample consisting of 10-15 sub samples from homogeneous parts of the lot. Below is the results in table
N ° 1 of soil analysis.

Table 1. Basic analysis of the lettuce crop, soil fertility

C.E. Exchangeable cations

pH M.O. N P K CaCO3
mS/cm Meq./100 g. soil. CIC- E
1:2.5 % % ppm ppm %
1:2.5 Ca Mg Na k

1.19 6.88 1.37 0.07 12 212 1.76 16.99 0.68 0.29 0.54 18.50

Source: INIA (2018) National Institute of agrarian research. Laboratory 105-108. INIA Huaral.

According to the results of soil analysis, sample low percentage of N, average availability of P and K, low
concentration of organic matter, normal percentage of you carbonate, it has no problems of salts and PH 6.88 which

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Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

is neutral. So it means that this soil is favorable to agricultural development and organic matter (compost), for sowing
of lettuce must be fitted.
Table 2. Concentrations of microelements from the experimental area.

Microelements
Fe ppm Zn ppm Cu ppm B ppm
103.90 7.62 11.04 1.56
Normal Slow Excess Slow
Source: INIA (2018) National Institute of Agrarian Research. Laboratory 105-108. INIA Huaral.

As for the microelements, the low concentration of Zn and Bo, and the increase in Fe and Cu were determined,
which would be recommended to use composting to have low concentration elements under normal conditions;
since they influence in the development of the plant and therefore in performance.

Statistical application:
Analysis of variance:
Was used to the percentage of 1% and 5%, to determine whether there is influence the dose of composting in endpoints,
this rests with the claim of Núñez V. and Tusell F. (2007), who show that frequently arises the problem of comparing
the efect or that different circumstances qualitative exercise about a certain phenomenon. Below is the table 1, which
was used for statistical analysis.

Duncan test:
With this test of hypothesis test determined that treatment obtained greater quantification, also if you have smooth
relationship, this rests with the exposed by López E., and B. Gonzales (2014), says that it is a widely used procedure
to compare all pairs of stockings is multislot test developed by Duncan. In addition it requires, to be exact, all
treatments have the same number of repetitions.

Trial treatment
The dose of biol used in this research, shown in table N ° 3. Also can be said that the standard dose is 500 ml per
200 litres of water, this application is corroborated by Cando S. and Malca L. (2015), mentioned in the hydroponic
cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.), the best performance in weight was obtained with the treatment of 500 cc's
Biol.

Table 3. Application of biol doses, for treatments.

Application of boil doses

Treatment ml by 200 L of water
T1 0.0
T2 250
T3 500
T4 750
T5 1000

Biol analyse

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Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

This table shows the low concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but good percentage of organic matter,
calcium and magnesium. Also the carbon and nitrogen ratio is excessive which shows a source of energy.

Table 4. Basic analysis of organic fertilizer (biol)

N° Sample Ph C.E. Humidity M.O. C N P2O5 K 2O CaO MgO C/N

Lab. mS/cm % % % % % % % %

046 Leaching 7.75 4.00 99.53 36.95 21.43 1.60 0.90 0.48 4.98 0.20 13.39

Source: INIA (2018) National Institute of Agrarian Research. Laboratory 042. INIA Huaral

III. Result and discussion

The present research aims, get fruit ecological and sustainable using doses of Biol. Then he overdosed and was applied
to the cultivation of lettuce and evaluated the physical characteristics of the cultivation of lettuce by determining its
effects; because the application of these compound influences the development of plant this is mentioned by
Friedmann. A. Weil B., and Penner R. (2010), who exposed the organic sugar production can be by-products that are
sold or reused. Bagasse, bagacillos, vinasse, cake filter or filter cake and boiler ash and others are reinstated to the
Earth turning it into natural compost.

Table 5. Physical characteristics of the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

Treatment Plant lenght (cm) Equatorial diameter Lettuce weight (g.) Performance
(cm) (Tn/ha)
T5 26.917 a 24.792 a 165.83 a 12.019 a
T4 26.208 a b 24.500 a 155.08 a 11.623 a
T3 24.833 a b 23.208 a b 143.75 a 11.040 a
T2 24.375 b 22.917 a b 129.38 a 9.927 a
T1 24.083 b 21.833 b 119.58 a 9.258 a
Signification ** ** ** **
CV: % 5.00 5.26 16.47 20.18

Table 6. Complete analysis of leaves, depending on the dose of Biol.

Treatments Normal Value

Percentage (%) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
N 3.94 3.59 3.45 3.24 3.66 3.50 – 6.00
P 0.75 0.82 0.68 0.63 0.73 0.40 – 1.00
K 4.16 4.24 3.58 3.60 3.26 3.50 – 8.00
Ca 1.42 1.42 1.38 1.30 1.35 1.25 – 2.50
Mg 0.68 0.69 0.61 0.60 0.61 0.30 – 1.00
Na 0.41 0.44 0.38 0.51 0.37 0.01 – 0.20

ppm
Cu 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.3 6 - 20
Fe 252.2 56.2 56.2 54.2 60.2 60 - 200
Zn 47.3 36.4 33.0 44.2 34.3 30 - 50
B 27.3 33.3 16.3 27.4 15.2 25 - 50

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Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

Source: INIA (2018) National Institute of Agrarian Research. Laboratory 042. INIA Huaral

Figure 1. Length of root, plant and Equatorial

diameter, depending on the dose of biol.

Figure 4. ppm of elements, depending on the dose of

biol.

Figure 2. Weight of a lettuce, depending on the dose

of biol.

Figure 5. Percentage of elements, depending on the

dose of biol.

Figure 3. Commercial yield of lettuce, depending on

the dose of biol.

Source: Self made

Weight to a lettuce
It result was obtained from the weight of each treatment (16 lettuce) marked lettuces, this is shown in table N
° 5 and N ° 2 graphic, which determined the most weight in T5 with 165.83 g being statistically homogeneous to the
T4 with 155.08 g followed by the T3 with 143.75 g, T2 with 129.38 T1 with 119.58 and g. g. in grouping (a). Also
shown is not significant, which means that it did not influence the dose of biol. Because according to López E. et al
(2015), mentions that compost (sub products of sugar-cane based) shows positive indicators of quality, quantifying
humidity 59%, pH 8.2; 12.5 carbon-nitrogen ratio; nitrogen from 1%, 1.3%, potassium phosphorus 1,1% and 1.1%

DOI: 10.9790/0853-XXXXXXX www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page

Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

magnesium, as well as a low salinity. Being the application of favorable compost in higher doses to obtain greater
weight of lettuce.

Total length of plant

In terms of the results of the length of the plant can be seen in table N ° 5, the T5 gained 26.91 cm is statistically
homogeneous to the T4 with 26.20 cm, to the T3 with 24.83 cm group Duncan (a), other than with 24,37 T2 and T1
with 24.08 cm in Duncan grouping (b). Also seen are not significant, i.e. not influenced the dose of biol.

Commercial performance
Data obtained with doses of biol determined that the T5 was awarded the highest performance with 12.019 tn
/ has still to the T4 with 11.623 tn / ha, T3 with 11.040 tn / ha, T2 with 9.927 tn / has and T1 with 9.258 all statistically
homogeneous. It is noteworthy that there is no significance therefore did not influence the dose of biol.

Equatorial diameter
This evaluation was conducted in the laboratory, took marked plants of each treatment and the equatorial
diameter was measured with a ruler, this can be seen in table no. 5, the largest diameter was obtained in T5 with 24.79
cm being statistically similar to the T4 with 24.50 cm in Duncan grouping (a), T3 with 23.20 cm and T2 with 22.91
cm in Duncan grouping (ab) differing from the and T1 with 21,83 cm in stack (b). It also shows that it is not significant,
so it did not influence the dose of biol.

Root length
After her previous assessment, obtained the results of the length of root this is shown in table N ° 5, reaching
greater length in the T4 with 9.00 cm, being statistically homogeneous to the T5 with 8. 041cm, T3 with 7.5 cm, T2
with 7.33 cm in Duncan grouping (ab) and d the T1 with 7.083 iferenciandose. Duncan grouping (b). Similarly States
that it is not significant, so it did not influence the dose of biol.

Foliar analysis of lettuce in percentage

The analysis obtained by the certified laboratory of the INIA - Huaral, shown in table N ° 6, indicate that
gradually reduce the percentage of the macro elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in 750 T4 and T5 with 1000
ml for 200 l of water and micro-elements c OMO calcium magnesium and sodium decreased in T4 and T5 is therefore
claimed that increasing the dose of biol decreases the concentration of the elements of the elements in 100 g of dry
matter, this is shown in Figure N ° 5 However this is favorable; having risen to business performance. Mentioned this
result can be contrasted with Ospina I. (2016), which claims a direct relationship between the dose of compost applied
and extraction of this nutrient, is associated with the biggest contribution of microbial populations, generating greater
decomposition of matter organic and at the same time changes in the redox process that allow this nutrient availability.
High doses of compost also impact positively on agronomic variables of the cultivation of sugar cane, reflected in
greater contained tons of sugarcane per hectare.

Analysis leaf in parts per million (ppm)

It was obtained the results of microelements as shown in table N ° 5, that decrease in T3, T4 and T5 as iron,
Zinc, boron; However copper is kept balanced in all treatments at 2 ppm on average, these results is shown in Figure
N ° 4. These data determined that it has higher dose of biol decreased the concentration of elements in 100 g of dry
matter, this being beneficial because it increased business performance. This is related to Quintero, (1995)
mentioned do by Ospina I. (2016), says that the sugarcane crop requires low quantities of the elements, for the
function in the physiological activity of Mn in this crop, which is related to photosynthesis and enzyme activity.

IV. Conclusion
Obtained the highest performance with 12.02 tn / has lettuce in the T5 with 1000 ml of biol by 200 l. of water stands
out from the other treatments and the lowest was 9.26 tn / has T1 (witness), which establishes that he has this
application rate was obtained higher performance co mercial.

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 Trial with Biol of by-products of the cane of sugar to get a greater performance ecological in the crop of
the lettuce.

According to the physical characteristics of the lettuce, stood out the higher doses, the T5 with 1000 ml for 200 l,
length of floor with 26.917 cm, weight a lettuce 165.83 g, Equatorial diameter with 24.792 cm., however in T4 with
750 ml per 200 litres of water reached more with 9,000 cm root length.

Obtained from each treatment, foliar analyses determined that it has higher dose of biol decreases the concentration
of elements in with 750 ml T4 and T5 with 1000 ml of biol per 200 litres of water, being favorable for that increased
the yield of lettuce.

Also determined that the application of biol obtained result non-significant, it is interpreted that not influenced by the
weight of a lettuce and performance, but it was organic fruit.

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