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Definitions
5.00E-04
0.00E+00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
PAGE 4
• Change of the geometry between winding • Bad contacted electrodes or capacitive layers
• Between windings and tank • Cracks in the insulation
• Displacement of the active part within the tank • (Partial) discharges
• Between windings and core
• Displacement of the winding or the core (if the core • Transformers:
ground can be disconnected) • Aging
• Core to tank • Water content in the oil and in the paper
• Movement of the core (if the core ground can be • Contamination by particles
disconnected)
PAGE 5 PAGE 6
PAGE 7 PAGE 8
Emax= high
without
A capacitive
layers
Emax=
with
smaller
capacitive
A layers
Earthing Cap
PAGE 9 PAGE 11
ABB
MICAFIL
HSP
PAGE 12 PAGE 13
30
25
GE
20
Change of Capacitance %
-3
Tan Delta x 10
15
10
0
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89
-5
Date of Measurement Source: RWE
PAGE 14 PAGE 15
• Increase of capacitance
PAGE 16 PAGE 18
Guard
PAGE 19 PAGE 20
PAGE 21 PAGE 23
PF (f) A, B, C
PF (V) A, B, C
1.1% 2.5%
1.0% 2.0%
0.9%
A 1.5% A
0.8% B B
C 1.0% C
0.7%
0.6% 0.5%
0.5% 0.0%
10000.0V
14000.0V
4000.0V
6000.0V
8000.0V
12000.0V
2000.0V
0.0V
150.0Hz
200.0Hz
250.0Hz
300.0Hz
350.0Hz
450.0Hz
100.0Hz
400.0Hz
50.0Hz
0.0Hz
PAGE 24 PAGE 25
Bushing has to be
exchanged
• defective contact on the
measuring tap or
• defective connection between
the innermost layer and the
HV conductor or
• partial breakdown between
layers
PAGE 26 PAGE 27
PAGE 28 Page: 29
8,0%
7,0%
A
6,0%
5,0%
4,0% B
3,0%
2,0%
C
1,0%
0,0%
0,0Hz
50,0Hz
100,0Hz
150,0Hz
200,0Hz
250,0Hz
300,0Hz
350,0Hz
400,0Hz
450,0Hz
Page: 30 Page: 31
16,0%
14,0%
12,0%
10,0%
8,0% C1
6,0%
4,0%
2,0%
0,0%
50,0Hz
0,0Hz
100,0Hz
150,0Hz
200,0Hz
250,0Hz
300,0Hz
350,0Hz
400,0Hz
450,0Hz
Page: 32 Page: 33
PAGE 34 PAGE 35
10.00
0.1-0.3% Water in paper
[%]
0.4-0.6% Water in paper
bushings 1.00
New bushings
0.10
°C
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
C-Tan-Delta Meas.
Source: ABB, Bushing diagnostics and conditioning
PAGE 38 PAGE 39
Tan Delta (f) at 30°C (33kV OIP Bushings) 123kV OIP Bushings
Tan Delta (f) A, B, C
%
1.8
A
1.6
B
1.4 C
A Removed
1.2 B Removed
1.0 C Removed
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Hz
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0.0
PAGE 40 PAGE 41
1.3% 2.0%
1.2% 1.8%
1.1% 1.6%
1.0% 1.4%
A 1.2% A
0.9%
B 1.0% B
0.8%
C 0.8% C
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.4%
0.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0V
10000.0V
14000.0V
2000.0V
4000.0V
6000.0V
8000.0V
12000.0V
50.0Hz
100.0Hz
150.0Hz
200.0Hz
250.0Hz
300.0Hz
350.0Hz
400.0Hz
450.0Hz
0.0Hz
PAGE 42 PAGE 43
Bushing has
to be
exchanged
PAGE 44 PAGE 45
PAGE 46 PAGE 47
220kV RIP Bushing Stored Outside Moisture in RBP and RIP Bushings
0.85 %
31.03.2004 • The oil side of RBP and RIP bushings
0.75 % 15.07.2004 doesn't need a housing
Minimum 08.10.2004
0.65 %
• Cellulose near to the surface can absorb
Tan Delta
PAGE 48 PAGE 55
• A,B,N humid
after storage
Drying of RBP and • C dryed
RIP bushings is
limited
New Micafil UTXF 24 RBP Bushings A,B,N Drying of a 145kV RBP Bushing
Stored Under Wet Conditions, C Dried PF Measurement
6.0%
5.0%
4.0% A
humid B
3.0%
C
2.0% N
1.0%
dryed
0.0%
0.0Hz
50.0Hz
100.0Hz
150.0Hz
200.0Hz
250.0Hz
300.0Hz
350.0Hz
400.0Hz
450.0Hz
PAGE 58 PAGE 60
2.0%
1. Measurement before drying
1.5% Drying:
1.0% 1200h at 90°C / 200°F
2. Measurement after drying
0.5%
0.0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
kV
TanDelta (f)
3.5%
3.0%
2.5%
1. Measurement before drying
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5% 2. Measurement after drying
0.0%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Hz
PAGE 61 PAGE 62
Quadrupole
Measuring
Tap
OMICRON
mtronix
MPD 600
PAGE 63 PAGE 64
fL fL
500 kHz
fC
fR
8 MHz
500 kHz
2.8 MHz
8 MHz
fR fC
2.8 MHz
500 kHz
timeframe
2 MHz
8 MHz
1 µs
8 MHz 8 MHz
500 kHz
2.8 MHz
500 kHz
2.8 MHz
8 MHz
8 MHz
PAGE 68 PAGE 69
Conclusions
• Periodical on-site measurements are essential to get a
picture of the aging status.
• With beginning of on-site measurements the fault rate
could be continously reduced.
• A lot of information is necessary to assess the
reliability of bushings. Thank you for your interest !
• The tan delta measurement is an important tool.
Particularly the tan delta sweep over a wide frequency
range give a better indication of many kinds of faults.
• RIP- bushings have become very common due to the
long life time expectation and a minimum of
maintenance.
PAGE 77 PAGE 78