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As compared to cubic shaped particles (ones with relatively equal diminsions in all
directions) flat or elongated particles tend to impede compaction. These particles
tend to lock up with adjacent aggregate particles more readily than cubic particles
and resist reorientation into a more dense configuration. Therefore, significant
numbers of flat or elongated particles can increase the compactive effort required
to achieve a given density for a given HMA mixture. In other words, flat and
elongated particles make HMA compaction more difficult.
SHAPES OF PARTICLES