DEE 3043-ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

LABORATORY 1:
REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY

AIM : To design and analyse regulated DC power supply

OBJECTIVE : At the end of the lab student should be able to:

1. Construct half-wave and full wave rectifier circuit.

2. Construct filter circuit.
3. Plot the output waveforms of the circuit.
4. Explain the operation of transformer, rectifier circuit, filtering and regulation process.

EQUIPMENT :
1. Oscilloscope
2. Multimeter
3. Transformer 240V/12V with 3 pin plug
4. Resistor 150Ω, 10kΩ, 15kΩ
5. Capacitor 22µF, 470µF
6. IC LM7805
7. Jumper wire
8. Breadboard

EXPERIMENTAL NOTES:

1. Always turn off the 240VAC power when assembling or changing circuit components. Improper
techniques and/or connections may result in an electrical shock or damage to components.
2. Because of the value of voltage, the load resistors may be hot. Be careful when touching these
resistors.
3. Be sure the load resistors have an adequate power rating.
4. Make sure that capacitors are placed in the circuit with the correct polarity and that voltage ratings are
not exceeded.

INTRODUCTION:

 A power supply is an electronic device designed to deliver power (voltage and current) demanded by
a load.
 A typical power supply will convert the 240VAC source to a DC voltage and current supply
 The major functions of a power supply are:
o Step up or step down the AC line voltage.
o Convert the AC signal to a full-wave rectified signal.
o Filter the full-wave rectified signal to reduce the ripple.
o Provide variable output voltage.
o Provide constant voltage despite changing loads.

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POWER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM

AC voltage
Rectifier Filter Voltage regulator
converter

 AC VOLTAGE CONVERTER

This block steps down the 240VAC line voltage coming from the power outlet. In most cases, this is a
step-down transformer used to change the 240VAC line voltage to a smaller AC voltage.

 RECTIFER

This block converts the sinusoidal waveform coming from the transformer to a half-wave or full-wave
rectified signal. A rectified signal is an AC signal in which the negative voltages have been inverted to
positive voltage. The purpose of the rectifier is to keep the current moving in the same direction
through the load even when the input voltage changes direction.

 FILTER

Filter is used to smooth out the AC ripples and produces a constant DC voltage. A large electrolytic
capacitor will perform the function of the power supply filter. The larger the size of the capacitor, the
smaller the AC ripple will be.

 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Voltage regulator keeps the output voltage constant despite changing loads. This block also serves
as a protection device in the instances where the current demand of the load exceeds the rating of
current to the maximum rated output of the power supply. Currently, most voltage regulators are single
chip integrated circuits. An example is the LM7805.

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES:

PART A: Transformer Regulation

1. Assemble the circuit shown in Circuit 1.1. Use the 10kΩ resistor for RL.
2. Measure the primary and secondary voltages of T1 using multimeter.
3. Determine the secondary current by measuring the voltage across RL.
4. Measure the waveform secondary voltage using oscilloscope. Then, sketch the output in Figure 1.1.
5. From the waveform, determine the peak and frequency of the secondary voltage. .

Circuit 1.1

PART B: Half Wave Rectifier

1. Assemble the half wave rectifier circuit using transformer T1 and 10kΩ load as shown in Circuit 1.2.
2. Using the oscilloscope, observe the supply and load voltage waveforms. Then, sketch the waveform
in Figure 1.2.
3. From the waveform, determine the peak and DC voltage.

Circuit 1.2

PART C: Full Wave Rectifier

1. Assemble the full wave rectifier circuit using transformer T1 and 10kΩ load as shown in Circuit 1.3.
2. Using the oscilloscope, observe the supply and load voltage waveforms. Then, sketch the waveform
in Figure 1.3.
3. From the waveform, determine the peak and DC voltage.

Circuit 1.3

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PART D: Capacitor Filter

1. Assemble the circuit shown in circuit 1.4.

2. Using the oscilloscope, observe the supply and load voltage waveforms with a filter capacitor of
470µF connected across the load. Measure the peak and DC voltage for the filtered waveform.
3. Sketch the waveform in Figure 1.4 (a).

Note that capacitor polarities are important and must be correct.

4. Change the filter capacitor 470µF to 22µF and repeat step 2.

5. Sketch the waveform in Figure 1.4 (b).

Circuit 1.4

PART E: Voltage Regulator

1. Build the linear power supply using LM7805 with a load of 150Ω as shown in Circuit 1.5.
2. Using the oscilloscope, observe the supply and load voltage waveforms. Measure the peak and DC
voltage for the regulated waveforms.
3. Sketch the waveform in Figure 1.5 (a).
4. Change the load resistor 150Ω to 15kΩ and repeat step 2.
5. Sketch the waveform in Figure 1.5 (b).

Circuit 1.5

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DATA & OBSERVATION :

A) TRANSFORMER REGULATION

Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Frequency =………….

Figure 1.1 : Secondary voltage of transformer

B) HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vdc =………….

Figure 1.2 : Output from half-wave rectifier

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C) FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vdc =………….

Figure 1.3 : Output from full-wave rectifier

D) CAPACITOR FILTER

Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vripple =………….

Figure 1.4 (a) : Filtered waveform (470µF)

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 Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vripple = ………….

Figure 1.4 (b) : Filtered waveform (22µF)

E) VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vdc =………….

Figure 1.5 (a) : Regulated waveform (RL=150Ω)

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 Volt/Div = …………..

Time/Di = …………..

Vpeak = ………….

Vdc =………….

Figure 1.5 (b) : Regulated waveform (RL=15kΩ)

QUESTION :

1. Why will VP not be exactly equal to the peak value of the supply?

2. Explain the operation principle for half wave and full wave rectifier.

3. Discuss your observation for output waveform for half wave and full wave rectifier.

4. Compare the measured values of Vripple for filter circuit when using 470µF and 22µF. Which capacitor
has lower ripple value? Explain your answer.

5. Qualitatively, what happens to the value of DC voltage level when load resistor is change? Explain
your answer.

CONCLUSION :

Write conclusions base on your outcome of the experiment and most importantly, what you learned from performing it. You
are also encouraged to include personal statements and suggestions about the lab activities.

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