Pegasus

Aerospace
System Requirements Review
Zach Lovering
Tony Cao
Roman Sherbak
James Frechman
Manuel Sequerra
Aircraft Capabilities

Non-stop flight from Bangor, ME to San
Diego, CA

30 passengers for comfort and luxury

40 passenger economy

Cruise speed of Mach 0.8 (559 kt)

Cruise alt 35000 ft.

Range of 3000 miles
ConOps

Travel to Bangor ME. ~ 5 hours 4 min.

Travel to San Diego CA. ~ 5 hours 30 min.

6 hours of fuel available.

MTOW ~ 52921lbs

Uninstalled capable thrust ~ 17200 lbs.
using 2 Rolls-Royce AE3007 engines

39786 lbs of fuel
Daily Routine

2-3 flights in 24 hr. period

Pre-flight monitoring aircraft condition

Loading of passengers via stairway

Loading of luggage in the undercarriage

Daily Routine

In flight services
 2 pilots, 2 flight attendants
 Meal services
 Entertainment
 Lavatories

Post flight maintenance and checks

Refueling for next flight
Requirement Flow Down

Top level requirements

Derived requirements

Priority
Priority

Priority is determined by the effects the

requirements have on the plane.

All Top Level Requirements have more priority

to the overall design than anything else.
30 PAX
Highest priority

Derived Requirements
 Defines payload weight
 Defines crew members needed
 Affects fuselage size

Airplane components affected:

Fuselage size and layout
 Payload weight
Non-Stop Flight KSAN to KBGR
Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
 Defines range  Fuel tanks
 Fuel weight  Engines
 Wings

Balanced Field Length < 7000 ft

Derived Requirements
 Lift (Also based on Weight
from previous two reqs)
 CLmin
 Takeoff Parameter
Airplane components affected:
 Wing Size
 Airfoil Selection
Cruise at M = 0.7
Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
 Thrust Required  Engines
 Engine Type  Fuel Consumption

Cruise > 30 Kft

Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
 Weather Conditions  Cabin Temperature
 Atmospheric Forces  Cabin Pressure
FAR Part 25
Derived Requirements Airplane components affected:
 Safety Factors  All Strength Components
 Passenger Amenities  Passenger Compartment

Additional Requirements
Crosswind Landing
 Affects Tail sizing
 Icing management
 Passenger luxuries
 Pilot luxuries
Top Level Requirements Derived Requirements Priority

Fuselage Size Cabin Layout / High

Engine Selection
30 Passengers Minimum crew

Payload weight
Total Weight
Fuel weight
Non-stop flight from
Bangor to San Diego
Defines Range

Take off parameter

BFL < 7000 ft.
Required Lift
Wing Size / Airfoil
Selection
CL for takeoff

Thrust required
Cruise at minimum M
= 0.7 Engine type Fuel Consumption

Atmospheric Forces
Plane temp / pressure
Cruise no lower than
30kft Weather Conditions

Safety Requirements Safety Factors

FAR Part 25
Passenger Comforts Low

Additional Requirements

Crosswind Landing Tail Size

Competitive Assessment

Our Competitors
 Bombardier
 Gulfstream
 Dessault Falcon
 Sabreliner
 Embraer
 Boeing
Competitive Assessment

Embraer ERJ 135 and EMB 140
 Capacity of37 – 45 passengers
 Range around 2,000 miles

Dessault Falcon 50 and 900
 Capacity of
5 – 10 passengers
 Range of more than 5,000 miles

Boeing 737
 Range of 4,000 to 6,000 miles
 Capacity between 45 – 200 passengers
Competitive Assessment

What our Competitors Offer
 Can fly across country
 Can hold at least 30 passengers
 Integrate into most airports

What our Competitors Cannot Offer

 Cannot meet all 3 at the same time
Competitive Assessment

What Pegasus Aerospace Can Do
 Can go cross country with less passengers
 Integrate into all airports, big or small
 Business class seating
 Reach consumers that other companies do not
branch out to
Business Case

Market Size
 Location of Consumer

Primary North America

Extend out to Europe and other global countries

 Plan to build 20 – 30 planes a year

Business Case

Target Customers
 Long-Range Airliners

Delta, American Airlines, Continental, and Northwest

Have planes that hold 100 passengers

Have dependable consumers

Business Case

Market Size
 Regional Airliners

Ones capable of flying low capacity airplanes

Lack range in airplanes

Fly into smaller airport environments

Business Case

Price-Performance Relations
 125 planes
 2 FTA
 Empty Weight of 13135 pounds
 Development cost (DAPCA IV and Raymer)

$36 million

No furnishings
Business Case

Target Selling Price
 $37 - $42 million

Depends on airline furnishings and technology

Price range of planes in the market with ideal range
and/or passenger capacity is between $25 and $80
million dollars

More expensive than Embraer ERJ 140 but cheaper than
Boeing 737
 Team “Experts”
CONTROLS
(Tony Cao)
AERODYNAMICS
BUSINESS
(James Frechman)
(Manny Sequerra)

WEIGHTS
STRUCTURES (Team)
(Zach Lovering) PROPULSION
(Roman Sherbak)
 Iterative Approach •SFC match
•Number of engines
•Passenger weight •Engine placement
•Crew weight •BFL
•KSAN to KBGR
Wing Geometry
•Altitude
• Historical Data
• Jet Cruise W/S Estimation
• Lift Capability
• High Lift Devices
Engine Selection
Weight Calculation
•Vortex lattice lift estimate • Available Fuel
• Breguet Range Equation
•Enough lift for weight • T/W Estimation
• Piecewise Range Equation
•Drag estimates • Configuration
• General Buildup
•BFL • Thrust Capability
• Component Buildup
• Efficiency (SFC)

•Crosswind capability
•FAR 25 safety requirements
•Passenger capacity •Engine-out safety

Tail Geometry
Fuselage Sizing
• Historical Data
• Passenger Amenities
• Engine-out Safety
• Layout
• Crosswind Capability
• Length
• Stability Analysis
Weights
Guidelines:
• Low end of passenger weight defined by requirements
• Minimum crew size defined by FAR 25
• Fuel weight is affected by range and engine selection
• Avionics weight is affected by requirements
Assumptions:
• SFC
• Range
• Crew, payload, avionics weight
• L/D
Wing Geometry
120.0

Wing Loading: Historical vs. Maximum Jet Range
100.0
W πAeC D0
Wing Loading (lb/ft^3)

=q
80.0 S 3
60.0 W 1 π 8(0.8)(.0150)
(
= (.000678) 774.48 2
S 2
) 3
40.0
y = 0.0004x + 52.49
W lb
20.0 = 64.5 2
S ft
0.0
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
W0 (lb)

12.00

Flight conditions: M>0.7, FL>300

10.00
AR=8 λ=0.25
8.00

Croot=15.55’ Ctip=3.89’
AR

6.00

4.00

ΛLE=30º Λc/4=27º
2.00

0.00
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
W0 (lb)
Wing Geometry
Engine Selection
T/W: Historical data suggest 0.32

0.600

0.500

0.400

T/W0
0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
W0 (lb)

Figure 5: GE CF34-3 Figure 6: Rolls-Royce AE3007

Thrust: 9220 lb Thrust: 8920 lb

SFC: 0.69 SFC: 0.63

Weight: 1650 lb Weight: 1586 lb

BPR: 6.2 BPR: 4.8

Engine Placement

Landing Gear Weight

Structural Weight

Engine-out Safety

Maintenance

Noise

Interference

Aesthetics
Tail Geometry
Vertical Tail Sizing

Engine-out moment

Crosswind Control*

Horizontal Tail Sizing

T-tail Configuration

CtipVT≈CrootHT
Fuselage Sizing

30 Passengers

Seating

Headroom

4 Crew

Amenities

Safety

Luggage Volume (22”x14”x9”)
Reality Check
Was BFL
Wing
•L/D
met?
•W/S
•CD

Fuselage Engine
•Capacity •T/W
Weights
•Crew •Total Thrust
•Luggage •SFC

Tail
•Stability
•Controls Engine-out
safety?
Planning

Things that needs to be done

1) Define risk reduction experiment (due
next Tuesday)

2) Status report #2 (due next Thursday)

3) Trade studies

4) Finalize external dimension
Task & RE List