Section 10-1

Torque Specification Chart

The following torque values are to be used on all fasteners unless otherwise specified. Lubricated refers to
fasteners in the “As Received” condition, which is normally a light preservative oil coating on unplated fasteners
and no oil coating on plated fasteners. No special steps are taken to add further lubrication prior to assembly.
Anti-seize refers to parts that have had an anti-seize lubricant applied just prior to assembly.

GRADE 8 COURSE THREAD GRADE 8 FINE THREAD

BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 129 15 86 10 1/4”-28 147 17 98 11
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 23 31 15 20 5/16”-24 25 34 17 23
3/8”-16 40 54 27 37 3/8”-24 45 61 30 41
7/16”-14 63 85 42 57 7/16”-20 71 96 47 64
1/2”-13 96 130 64 87 1/2”-20 108 146 72 98
9/16”-12 140 190 93 126 9/16”-18 155 210 105 142
5/8”-11 195 264 130 176 5/8”-18 220 298 145 197
3/4”-10 340 461 230 312 3/4”-16 380 515 255 346
7/8”-9 550 746 365 495 7/8”-14 605 820 405 549
1”-8 820 1,112 550 746 1”-14 920 1,247 615 834
1 1/8”-7 1,160 1,573 775 1,051 1 1/8”-12 1,300 1,763 870 1,180
1 1/4”-7 1,640 2,224 1,100 1,491 1 1/4”-12 1,820 2,468 1,210 1,641
1 3/8”-6 2,150 2,915 1,430 1,939 1 3/8”-12 2,450 3,322 1,630 2,210
1 1/2”-6 2,850 3,864 1,900 2,576 1 1/2”-12 3,210 4,352 2,140 2,901
1 3/4”-5 4,490 6,088 3,000 4,067
2”-4.5 6,750 9,152 4,500 6,101
2 1/4”-4.5 9,870 13,382 6,580 8,921
2 1/2”-4 13,500 18,304 9,000 12,202
2 3/4”-4 18,400 24,947 12,300 16,677
3”-4 24,200 32,811 16,200 21,964

Allied Systems Co. reserves the right to make changes to new equipment without incurring the obligation to make such changes to equipment previously manufactured.

80-1057 REV. 1/2018 1

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WATER CORPORATION
TS 27
TECHNICAL STANDARD

BOLT TIGHTENING PROCEDURE FOR

MECHANICAL PLANT

Issued by: Manager Engineering

Issue Date: 10 January 2007

© SA WATER 2007
This is an intellectual property of the South Australian Water Corporation. This
document is copyright and all rights are reserved by SA Water. No part may be
reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means without the
express written permission of SA Water.

The information contained in these Standards is strictly for the private use of the
intended recipient in relation to works or projects of SA Water.

These Standards have been prepared for SA Water’s own internal use and SA
Water makes no representation as to the quality, accuracy or suitability of the
information for any other purpose.
It is the responsibility of the users of these Standards to ensure that the
application of information is appropriate and that any designs based on these
Standards are fit for SA Water’s purposes and comply with all relevant Australian
Standards, Acts and regulations. Users of these Standards accept sole
responsibility for interpretation and use of the information contained in these
Standards.
SA Water and its officers accept no liability for any loss or damage caused by
reliance on these Standards whether caused by error, omission, misdirection,
misstatement, misinterpretation or negligence of SA Water.
Users should independently verify the accuracy, fitness for purpose and
application of information contained in these Standards.

The currency of these Standards should be checked prior to use.

APPROVAL TO DEVIATE FROM THIS STANDARD

Approval may be granted by the Asset Owner to deviate from the requirements
as stipulated in this Standard if the functional requirements (e.g. Asset Life) for
the asset differs from those stated in the Standard, but is assessed as still being
acceptable by the Asset Owner’s nominated representative.

Any approval to deviate from the stated requirements of this Standard will not be
seen as creating a precedent for future like project. Any request to deviate from
this Standard must be carried out on a project by project basis where each
alternate proposal will be individually assessed on its own merit.

NO CHANGES REQUIRED IN THE JANUARY 2007 EDITION

The following lists the major changes to the July 1984 edition and published in
the September 2004 edition of TS 27.

1. Reformatted from DS to TS (Departmental Standard to Technical

Standard), and updated referenced Australian Standards.
2. Conversion to a technical standard by removal of contractual conditions
(to be included in the contract that references this specification).

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 2 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
CONTENTS

© SA WATER 2007............................................................................................................... 2
APPROVAL TO DEVIATE FROM THIS STANDARD ........................................................... 2
NO CHANGES REQUIRED IN THE JANUARY 2007 EDITION ............................................ 2
CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 3
TABLES & FIGURES............................................................................................................ 3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .............................................................................................. 3
SECTION 1: SCOPE ............................................................................................................ 5
1.1 SA Water’s Representative ...................................................................................... 5
SECTION 2: METHOD AND APPLICATION ....................................................................... 5
2.1 Lubrication ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Assembly................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Tightening ................................................................................................................. 5
SECTION 3: BOLT SIZES ................................................................................................... 5
SECTION 4: CALIBRATION OF TORQUE DEVICE ............................................................ 6
SECTION 5: BOLT IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................. 6
SECTION 6: TIGHTENING TORQUES ................................................................................ 7

TABLES & FIGURES

Table 5.1 American S.A.E. Standard (UNC & UNF Threads)................................................. 6

Table 5.2 British Standards (BS 1083, BS 1768) (BSW and BSF Threads) ........................... 6
Table 5.3 AJAX, British Standard and SAE Bolts (Examples) ................................................ 7
Table 5.4 Australian Standard Metric Bolts ............................................................................ 7

Table 6.1 Tightening Torque – B.S.W. Bolts .......................................................................... 8

Table 6.2 Tightening Torque – B.S.W. Bolts .......................................................................... 8
Table 6.3 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS 1110, AS 1111) ........................................... 9
Table 6.4 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS1110) ........................................................... 9
Table 6.5 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS 1110, AS 1252) ..........................................10

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

AS 1110: ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws – Products grades A and B
AS 1111: ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws – Products grade C
AS 1252: High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural
engineering

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 3 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
AS/NZS 2451: Bolts, screws and nuts with British Standard Whitworth threads (rationalized
series)
BS 1083: Specification for precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (B.S.W. & B.S.F.
threads)
BS 1768: Specification for Unified precision hexagon bolts, screws, & nuts (UNC &
UNF threads). Normal series
TS 59: Flanges

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 4 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
SECTION 1: SCOPE

This Technical Standard covers the procedures for tightening bolts on

mechanical installations, and other non permanent joints using ordinary mild steel
B.S.W. bolts in accordance with AS 2451, or metric mild steel or high strength
bolts in accordance with AS 1110, AS 1111 or AS 1252.

For information specific to bolting for flanges, refer to TS 59.

1.1 SA Water’s Representative

SA Water’s Representative will be nominated to the Contractor.

SECTION 2: METHOD AND APPLICATION

The specified method of bolt tightening is equally applicable to galvanised and

ungalvanised bolts.

The bolts shall be tightened by torque control, using the specified lubricant, in
accordance with the following procedure;

2.1 Lubrication

Before assembly, the bolt and nut threads shall be lubricated with Molycoat P74
molybdenum grease.

2.2 Assembly

After assembly, all bolts and nuts in the joint shall be tightened evenly to a snug
tight condition.

2.3 Tightening

Each nut shall be tightened with a continuous smooth action using a calibrated
torque device set to the appropriate assembly torque, for different types of bolt
and bolt tension, as given in the following Tables in this Technical Standard.

This assembly torque is designed to achieve a preloading in the bolt expressed in

percentage of the bolt yield stress.

SECTION 3: BOLT SIZES

It is preferred that metric bolts shall be used in the assembly of mechanical plant,
but in some cases these may be unavailable. In such instances it is permissible
to use an equivalent inch series bolt as set out below.

Where metric bolting is unavailable, the following equivalent inch series bolt shall
be used:
TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page
Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 5 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 M12 M16 M20 M24 M27 M30 M33 M36 M39 M45
1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 1 1/2" 1 3/4"

SECTION 4: CALIBRATION OF TORQUE DEVICE

The torque device shall be calibrated regularly and for large projects where large
numbers of bolts are to be tightened an approved load cell shall be used for
calibration. A suitable load cell will be made available by SA Water’s
Representative. Calibration shall consist of tightening at least three sample bolts
complete with nuts and washers, lubricated with Molycoat P74 molybdenum
grease as stated in Clause 2.1.

SECTION 5: BOLT IDENTIFICATION

Head markings and the corresponding tensile strengths for various commercial
bolts are as tabulated below.

Table 5.1 American S.A.E. Standard (UNC & UNF Threads)

SAE Grade Head Making Minimum Tensile Strength
1 Plain 25 t.s.i.
2 Plain 28 t.s.i.
3 2 – Opposite Radial Strokes 45 t.s.i.
4 3 – Radial Strokes – 120E Apart 50 t.s.i.
5 4 – Radial Strokes – 90E Apart 60 t.s.i.
(for all sizes of bolts)
6 5 – Radial Strokes – 72E Apart 60 t.s.i.
(for all sizes of bolts)
7 6 – Radial Strokes – 60E Apart 67 t.s.i.
(for all sizes of bolts)

Table 5.2 British Standards (BS 1083, BS 1768) (BSW and BSF Threads)
Code Symbol Tensile Strength Code Symbol Minimum Tensile Strength
A 26 t.s.i. T 55 t.s.i.
B 28 t.s.i. V 65 t.s.i.
P 35 t.s.i. X 75 t.s.i.
R 45 t.s.i.

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 6 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 Table 5.3 AJAX, British Standard and SAE Bolts (Examples)
Code Symbol/Letter/Number Tensile Strength
Thread Designation
No marking 28 t.s.i
BSW R 45 – 55 t.s.i
BSF T 55 – 65 t.s.i.
BSW 40 40 – 50 t.s.i.
BSF 50 50 – 60 t.s.i.
UNC 3 – radial strokes 56.6 t.s.i.
– 120E apart
UNF 3 – radial strokes 53.6 t.s.i.
– 120E apart

Table 5.4 Australian Standard Metric Bolts

Grade Markings Minimum Tensils Yield Stress
Strength
4.6 4.6 to 46 400 MPa 240 MPa
5.8 5.8 to 58 500 MPa 400 MPa
8.8 8.8 to 88 800 MPa 640 MPa
10.9 10.9 to 109 1000 MPa 900 MPa

NOTE:
1) When there is any doubt regarding the tensile strength of the bolt, the
manufacturer should be consulted.

2) Only for the commonly used bolts the tightening torques are specified in
this Technical Standard.

3) The Tables of Torques specified in this Technical Standard are also

applicable to UNC and UNF bolts of equivalent tensile strength.

4) For bolts of tensile strength higher than 53.6 t.s.i. or 800 MPa, the applied
torques should be derived from Table V multiplied by the ratio of the tensile
strength.

SECTION 6: TIGHTENING TORQUES

The following Table I to V inclusive set out the tightening torques, for B.S.W. and
metric bolts of different strength materials, and give the corresponding pre load to
be applied to the bolts when lubricated with Molycoat P74 molybdenum grease.

For B.S.W. bolts the torques are specified in lb. ft. and for metric bolts the torques
are specified in Nm.

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 7 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 Table 6.1 Tightening Torque – B.S.W. Bolts
Material: Tensile Strength = 28 t.s.i. (432 MPa)
Yield Strength = 16 t.s.i. (247 MPa)
Bolt Sizes Tightening Torque (ft. lb.)
40% Yield 65 % Yield 80% Yield 95% Yield
1/2” B.S.W. 11 18 22 26
5/8” B.S.W. 22 36 45 53
3/4” B.S.W 40 64 80 94
7/8” B.S.W. 60 98 120 145
” B.S.W. 92 150 185 220
1 1/8” B.S.W. 130 210 260 305
1 1/4” B.S.W. 185 300 370 440
1 3/8” B.S.W. 245 400 490 585
1 1/2” B.S.W. 315 510 630 745
1 ¾” B.S.W. 465 800 990 1170

Table 6.2 Tightening Torque – B.S.W. Bolts

Material: Tensile Strength = 35 t.s.i. (540 MPa)
Yield Strength = 18 t.s.i. (278 MPa)
Bolt Sizes Tightening Torque (ft. lb.)
40% Yield 65 % Yield 80% Yield 95% Yield
1/2” B.S.W. 12 20 25 29
5/8” B.S.W. 25 41 51 60
3/4” B.S.W 45 72 90 106
7/8” B.S.W. 68 110 135 163
” B.S.W. 104 169 208 248
1 1/8” B.S.W. 146 236 293 343
1 1/4” B.S.W. 208 338 416 495
1 3/8” B.S.W. 276 450 551 658
1 1/2” B.S.W. 354 574 709 838
1 ¾” B.S.W. 557 900 1114 1316

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 8 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 Table 6.3 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS 1110, AS 1111)
Material: Grade 4.6 Strength
Tensile Strength = 400 MPa
Yield Strength = 240 MPa
Bolt Sizes Tightening Torque (Nm)
40% Yield 65 % Yield 80% Yield 95% Yield
M 12 15 24 30 35
M 16 30 48 60 71
M 20 70 110 140 160
M 24 123 200 250 295
M 27 170 270 320 400
M 30 220 350 420 510
M 33 260 440 520 640
M 36 330 536 660 785
M 39 390 650 790 950
M 42 450 735 905 1080
M 45 510 850 1040 1250
M 48 590 970 1200 1420

Table 6.4 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS1110)

Material: Grade 5.8 Strength
Tensile Strength = 500 MPa
Yield Strength = 440 MPa
Bolt Sizes Tightening Torque (Nm)
40% Yield 65 % Yield 80% Yield 95% Yield
M 12 25 40 50 58
M 16 50 80 100 118
M 20 110 170 220 260
M 24 205 335 420 490
M 27 280 460 530 680
M 30 360 590 700 900
M 33 450 740 890 1080
M 36 550 895 1100 1310
M 39 640 1050 1280 1550
M 42 750 1225 1510 1800
M 45 860 1380 1760 2080
M 48 980 1620 2000 2370

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 9 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 Table 6.5 Tightening Torque – Metric Bolts (AS 1110, AS 1252)
Material: Grade 8.8 Strength
Tensile Strength = 800 MPa
Yield Strength = 640 MPa
Bolt Sizes Tightening Torque (Nm)
40% Yield 65 % Yield 80% Yield 95% Yield
M 12 30 48 60 70
M 16 60 96 120 142
M 20 135 220 275 300
M 24 246 400 500 590
M 27 350 570 700 770
M 30 450 730 910 1000
M 33 560 920 1120 1270
M 36 660 1070 1320 1570
M 39 800 1300 1600 1860
M 42 900 1470 1810 2160
M 45 1040 1690 2100 2470
M 48 1180 1940 2400 2840

TS27 - Bolt-Tight-Procedure_2.docx 10 January 2007 Page

Issued by: Manager Engineering Uncontrolled on printing 10 of 10
PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE
 BOLT & STUD DIMENSIONS FOR ANSI FLANGES

To suit R.F. Flange sizes DN15 to 600 to ANSI B16.5 (BS 1560) and DN 750 & 900 to BS 3293

L* L Diameter of Bolts is shown in inches. For nominal diameters 1" and smaller, threads are U.N.C.;
nominal diameters 1-1/8" and larger threads are 8 U.N. (8 T.P.I.).
Length of Bolts (L) is shown in millimetres rounded to the nearest 5mm. Sud Bolt lengths (L*)
* Point Height do not include the height of points. Machine Bolt lengths (L) include the height of point.
The length shown includes the height of the Raised Face in all cases.
STUD BOLTS WITH NUTS MACHINE BOLT WITH NUTS

CLASS 150 CLASS 300 CLASS 600 CLASS 900 CLASS 1500 CLASS 2500
L L L L L L
NOMINAL SIZE
Dia. Dia. Dia. Dia. Dia. Dia.
No. Bolts Stud Mach. No. Bolts Stud Mach. No. Bolts Stud No. Bolts Stud No. Bolts Stud No. Bolts Stud
Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts Bolts
DN NPS inch mm mm inch mm mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm
15 ½ 4 1/2 60 45 4 1/2 65 55 4 1/2 80 4 3/4 105 4 3/4 105 4 3/4 125

20 ¾ 4 1/2 65 50 4 5/8 75 60 4 5/8 90 4 3/4 115 4 3/4 115 4 3/4 125

25 1 4 1/2 65 55 4 5/8 80 65 4 5/8 90 4 7/8 125 4 7/8 125 4 7/8 140

32 1¼ 4 1/2 70 55 4 5/8 80 65 4 5/8 100 4 7/8 125 4 7/8 125 4 1 150

40 1½ 4 1/2 70 60 4 3/4 90 75 4 3/4 105 4 1 140 4 1 140 4 1-1/8 170

50 2 4 5/8 80 65 8 5/8 90 75 8 5/8 105 8 7/8 145 8 7/8 145 8 1 175

65 2½ 4 5/8 90 75 8 3/4 100 85 8 3/4 120 8 1 160 8 1 160 8 1-1/8 195

80 3 4 5/8 90 75 8 3/4 110 90 8 3/4 125 8 7/8 145 8 1-1/8 180 8 1-1/4 220

90 3½ 8 5/8 90 75 8 3/4 110 95 8 7/8 140 - - - - - - - - -

100 4 8 5/8 90 75 8 3/4 110 95 8 7/8 145 8 1-1/8 170 8 1-1/4 195 8 1-1/2 255

125 5 8 3/4 90 80 8 3/4 120 100 8 1 165 8 1-1/4 190 8 1-1/2 250 8 1-3/4 300

150 6 8 3/4 100 85 12 3/4 125 105 12 1 170 12 1-1/8 195 12 1-3/8 260 8 2 345

200 8 8 3/4 110 90 12 7/8 140 110 12 1-1/8 195 12 1-3/8 220 12 1-5/8 290 12 2 380

250 10 12 7/8 115 95 16 1 155 130 16 1-1/4 215 16 1-3/8 235 12 1-7/8 335 12 2-1/2 485

300 12 12 7/8 120 100 16 1-1/8 170 145 20 1-1/4 220 20 1-3/8 255 16 2 375 12 2-3/4 540

350 14 12 1 130 110 20 1-1/8 175 150 20 1-3/8 235 20 1-1/2 275 16 2-1/4 405

400 16 16 1 135 115 20 1-1/4 190 160 20 1-1/2 255 20 1-5/8 285 16 2-1/2 445

450 18 16 1-1/8 150 125 24 1-1/4 195 170 20 1-5/8 275 20 1-7/8 325 16 2-3/4 495

500 20 20 1-1/8 160 135 24 1-1/4 205 180 24 1-5/8 290 20 2 345 16 3 540

600 24 20 1-1/4 175 145 24 1-1/2 230 195 24 1-7/8 330 20 2-1/2 435 16 3-1/2 615

750 30 28 1-1/4 190 160 28 1-/34 290 250 28 2 355

Class 900, 1500 & 2500 - Not listed in BS 3293
900 36 32 1-1/2 215 180 32 2 325 280 28 2-1/2 400

Raised Face height of 2mm for Class 150 & 300 and 7mm for Class 600, 900, 1500 & 2500 are included in dimension L (Bolt Length).

TEMPERATURE / PRESSURE RATINGS

Inch/Metric Bolting
CARBON STEEL PIPE FLANGES TO ANSI B16.5 (BS 1560) interchangeable for
FORGINGS TO ASTM A105 - Not recommended for prolonged use above 427 qC ANSI B16.5 flanges
FORGINGS TO ASTM A350 - LF2 - Not to be used above 343 qC
as below
TABLE G
MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE IN kPa BY PN (Pressure Numbers) FOR USE
TEMPERATURE
(FOR APPROXIMATE PSI DIVIDE BY 7)
IN qC
PN20 PN50 PN100 PN150 PN250 PN420
-29 to 38 1960 5110 10210 15320 25530 42550 ½" M14
50 1920 5010 10020 15020 25040 41730 5/8" M18
100 1770 4640 9280 13910 23190 38650 ¾" M20
150 1580 4520 9050 13570 22610 37690 7/8" M24
200 1400 4380 8760 13150 21910 36520 1" M27
250 1210 4170 8340 12520 20860 34770 1-1/8" M30
300 1020 3870 7750 11620 19370 32280 1-1/4" M33
350 840 3700 7390 11090 18480 30800 1-3/8" M36
375 740 3650 7290 10940 18230 30390 1-½" M39
400 650 3450 6900 10350 17250 28750 1-5/8" M42
425 560 2880 5750 8630 14380 23960 1-3/4" M45
450 470 2000 4010 6010 10020 16690 1-7/8" M48
475 370 1350 2710 4060 6770 11290 2" M52
500 280 880 1760 2640 4400 7330 2-¼" M56
525 190 520 1040 1550 2590 4320 2-½" M64
540 130 330 650 980 1630 2720 2-¼" M72
FLANGE ABOVE DN 600 ARE NOT INCLUDED IN ANSI B16.5 AND THE CLASS DESIGNATIONS
IN THESE LARGE DIAMETERS DO NOT IMPLY SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE/PRESSURE RATINGS

44
Recommended Maximum Torque Values
The information supplied here is intended to be an acceptable guide for normal conditions. For critical applications, further information
and research will be necessary.The following basic assumptions have been made:
a. Bolts are new, standard finish, uncoated and not lubricated (other than the normal protective oil film).
b. The load will be 90% of the bolt yield strength.
c. The coefficient of friction is 0.14.
d. The final tightening sequence is achieved smoothly and slowly.
If lubrication is to be applied to the nut/bolt, multiply the recommended torque by the appropriate factor shown in the table on page 7.
Alternatively, use the Torque/Tension Calculator on the Norbar website which enables fastener and friction conditions to be modified
with ease.

Bolt Grade
3.6 4.6 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
M Torque in N.m mm
M 1.6 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.26 0.31 3.2
M2 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.24 0.28 0.38 0.42 0.53 0.63 4
M 2.5 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.48 0.58 0.78 0.87 1.09 1.31 5
M3 0.38 0.51 0.63 0.84 1.01 1.35 1.52 1.9 2.27 5.5
M4 0.71 0.95 1.19 1.59 1.91 2.54 2.86 3.57 4.29 7
M5 1.71 2.28 2.85 3.8 4.56 6.09 6.85 8.56 10.3 8
M6 2.94 3.92 4.91 6.54 7.85 10.5 11.8 14.7 17.7 10
M8 7.11 9.48 11.9 15.8 19 25.3 28.4 35.5 42.7 13
M 10 14.3 19.1 23.8 31.8 38.1 50.8 57.2 71.5 85.8 17
M 12 24.4 32.6 40.7 54.3 65.1 86.9 97.7 122 147 19
M 14 39 52 65 86.6 104 139 156 195 234 22
M 16 59.9 79.9 99.8 133 160 213 240 299 359 24
M 18 82.5 110 138 183 220 293 330 413 495 27
M 20 117 156 195 260 312 416 468 585 702 30
M 22 158 211 264 352 422 563 634 792 950 32
M 24 202 270 337 449 539 719 809 1011 1213 36
M 27 298 398 497 663 795 1060 1193 1491 1789 41
M 30 405 540 675 900 1080 1440 1620 2025 2430 46
M 33 550 734 917 1223 1467 1956 2201 2751 3301 50
M 36 708 944 1180 1573 1888 2517 2832 3540 4248 55
M 39 919 1226 1532 2043 2452 3269 3678 4597 5517 60
M 42 1139 1518 1898 2530 3036 4049 4555 5693 6832 65
M 45 1425 1900 2375 3167 3800 5067 5701 7126 8551 70
M 48 1716 2288 2860 3813 4576 6101 6864 8580 10296 75
M 52 2210 2947 3684 4912 5895 7859 8842 11052 13263 80
M 56 2737 3650 4562 6083 7300 9733 10950 13687 16425 85
M 60 3404 4538 5673 7564 9076 12102 13614 17018 20422 90
M 64 4100 5466 6833 9110 10932 14576 16398 20498 24597 95
M 68 4963 6617 8271 11029 13234 17646 19851 24814 29777 100

9
 www.norbar.com

Torque Conversion Factors

Units S.I. Units Imperial Units Metric Units
to be
converted cN.m N.m ozf.in lbf.in lbf.ft kgf.cm kgf.m

1 cN.m = 1 0.01 1.416 0.088 0.007 0.102 0.001

1 N.m = 100 1 141.6 8.851 0.738 10.20 0.102
1 ozf.in = 0.706 0.007 1 0.0625 0.005 0.072 0.0007
1 lbf.in = 11.3 0.113 16 1 0.083 1.152 0.0115
1 lbf.ft = 135.6 1.356 192 12 1 13.83 0.138
1 kgf.cm = 9.807 0.098 13.89 0.868 0.072 1 0.01
1 kgf.m = 980.7 9.807 1389 86.8 7.233 100 1
See our “Torque Unit Converter”
on the Norbar website and “apps”
Force Flow for iPhone and Android smart
lbf x 4.45 = N l/s x 2.119 = cu.ft/min phones.
N x 0.225 = lbf cu.ft/min x 0.472 = l/s
Pressure Power
lbf/in2 x 0.069 = bar hp x 0.746 =kW
bar x 14.504 = lbf/in2
kW = N.m x rev/min
9546

Formulae
Accepted formulae relating torque and tension, based on many tests are:-
M=PxD M = torque lbf.ft
60 P = bolt tension lbf
D = bolt dia.ins
or for metric sizes:-
M = torque N.m
M=PxD P = bolt tension Newtons
5000 D = bolt dia. mm
These formulae may be used for bolts outside the range of the tables,

Formula for Calculating the Effect of Torque Wrench Extensions

M1 = M2 x L1/L2

Where L1 is the normal length and L2 is the extended length, M1 is the set torque and M2 the actual torque applied to
the nut.

Example
The required torque on the fastener is
L2 extended length
L1 normal length 130 N.m (M2) but what do you set on
the torque wrench scale?
L1 = 500 L2 = 650
(units of length not important, this is a ratio)
M1 = 130 x 500/650
Centre of handle
M1 = 100

10 Norbar - Total Torque Control

DO NOT use these values if a different torque value or Make sure fasteners threads are clean and that you
tightening procedure is given for specific application. properly start thread engagement. This will prevent them
Torque values listed are for general use only. Check from failing when tightening.
tightness of fasteners periodically.
Tighten plastic insert or crimped steel-type lock nuts to
Shear bolts are designed to fail under predetermined approximately 50 percent of the dry torque shown in the
loads. Always replace shear bolts with identical property chart, applied to the nut, no to the bolt head. Tighten
class. toothed or serrated-type lock nuts to the full torque
value.
Fasteners should be replaced with the same or higher
property class. If higher property class fasteners are
used, these should only be tightened to the strength of
the original.
a
“Lubricated means coated with a lubricant such
as engine oil, or fasteners with phosphate and oil
coatings. “Dry” means plain or zinc plated without
any lubrication.
TABLE OF STANDARD TIGHTENING TORQUES
• Use specified bolts and nuts, tightening them to the torques specified in this section unless otherwise stated.
• Threaded portions and bearing surfaces should be dry.
• Where the property class differs between the nut and bolt (or stud bolt), use the tightening torque specified in the
table for the bolt.

Hexagon Headed Bolt, Stud Bolt (Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})

Strength 4T 7T 8T
Identification
symbol

Nominal
diameter (Stud) (Stud) (Stud)
2 to 3 4 to 6 5 to 7
M5 {1.5 to 2.2, 0.2 to 0.3} – {3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6} – {3.7 to 5.2, 0.5 to 0.7} –

4 to 6 7 to 10 8 to 12
M6 {3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6} – {5.2 to 7.4, 0.7 to 1.0} – {5.9 to 8.9, 0.8 to 1.2} –

9 to 13 16 to 24 19 to 28
M8 {6.6 to 9.6, 0.9 to 1.3} – {12 to 18, 1.7 to 2.5} – {14 to 21, 2.0 to 2.9} –

18 to 27 17 to 25 34 to 50 32 to 48 45 to 60 37 to 55
M10 {13 to 20, 1.8 to 2.7} {13 to 18, 1.8 to 2.6} {25 to 37, 3.5 to 5.1} {24 to 35, 3.3 to 4.9} {33 to 44, 4.5 to 6.0} {27 to 41, 3.8 to 5.7}
34 to 50 31 to 45 70 to 90 65 to 85 80 to 105 75 to 95
M12 {25 to 37, 3.4 to 5.1} {23 to 33, 3.1 to 4.6} {52 to 66, 7.0 to 9.5} {48 to 63, 6.5 to 8.5} {59 to 77, 8.5 to 11} {55 to 70, 7.5 to 10}
60 to 80 55 to 75 110 to 150 100 to 140 130 to 170 120 to 160
M14 {44 to 59, 6.0 to 8.0} {41 to 55, 5.5 to 7.5} {81 to 110, 11 to 15} {74 to 105, 11 to 14} {96 to 125, 13 to 17} {89 to 120, 12 to 16}
90 to 120 90 to 110 170 to 220 160 to 210 200 to 260 190 to 240
M16 {66 to 89, 9 to 12} {66 to 81, 9 to 11} {125 to 160, 17 to 23} {120 to 155, 16 to 21} {145 to 190, 20 to 27} {140 to 175, 19 to 25}
130 to 170 120 to 150 250 to 330 220 to 290 290 to 380 250 to 340
M18 {96 to 125, 14 to 18} {89 to 110, 12 to 16} {185 to 245, 25 to 33} {160 to 215, 23 to 30} {215 to 280, 30 to 39} {185 to 250, 26 to 35}
180 to 240 170 to 220 340 to 460 310 to 410 400 to 530 360 to 480
M20 {130 to 175, 19 to 25} {125 to 160, 17 to 22} {250 to 340, 35 to 47} {230 to 300, 32 to 42} {295 to 390, 41 to 55} {265 to 355, 37 to 49}
250 to 330 230 to 300 460 to 620 420 to 560 540 to 720 490 to 650
M22 {185 to 245, 25 to 33} {170 to 220, 23 to 30} {340 to 455, 47 to 63} {310 to 415, 43 to 57} {400 to 530, 55 to 73} {360 to 480, 50 to 67}
320 to 430 290 to 380 600 to 810 540 to 720 700 to 940 620 to 830
M24 {235 to 315, 33 to 44} {215 to 280, 29 to 39} {440 to 595, 62 to 83} {400 to 530, 55 to 73} {515 to 695, 72 to 96} {455 to 610, 63 to 85}

Hexagon Headed Flange Bolt (Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})

Strength 4T 7T 8T
Identification
symbol

Nominal
diameter
4 to 6 8 to 12 10 to 14
M6 {3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6} – {5.9 to 8.9, 0.8 to 1.2} – {7.4 to 10, 1.0 to 1.4} –

10 to 15 19 to 28 22 to 33
M8 {7.4 to 11, 1.0 to 1.5} – {14 to 21, 2.0 to 2.9} – {16 to 24, 2.3 to 3.3} –

21 to 31 20 to 29 45 to 55 37 to 54 50 to 65 50 to 60
M10 {15 to 23, 2.1 to 3.1} {15 to 21, 2.0 to 3.0} {33 to 41, 4.5 to 5.5} {27 to 40, 3.8 to 5.6} {37 to 48, 5.0 to 6.5} {37 to 44, 5.0 to 6.5}
38 to 56 35 to 51 80 to 105 70 to 95 90 to 120 85 to 110
M12 {28 to 41, 3.8 to 5.5} {26 to 38, 3.5 to 5.2} {59 to 77, 8.0 to 10.5} {52 to 95, 7.5 to 9.5} {66 to 89, 9 to 12} {63 to 81, 8.5 to 11}

00-36
 00
Hexagon Nuts (Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})
Strength 4T 6T
Identification
symbol

Nominal Standard screw Coarse screw

Standard screw thread Coarse screw thread
diameter thread thread
2 to 3 4 to 6
M5 {1.5 to 2.2, 0.2 to 0.3}
–
{3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6}
–

4 to 6 7 to 10
M6 {3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6}
–
{5.2 to 7.4, 0.7 to 1.0}
–

9 to 13 16 to 24
M8 {6.6 to 9.6, 0.9 to 1.3}
–
{12 to 18, 1.7 to 2.5}
–

18 to 27 17 to 25 34 to 50 32 to 48
M10 {13 to 20, 1.8 to 2.7} {13 to 18, 1.8 to 2.6} {25 to 37, 3.5 to 5.1} {24 to 35, 3.3 to 4.9}
34 to 50 31 to 45 70 to 90 65 to 85
M12 {25 to 37, 3.4 to 5.1} {23 to 33, 3.1 to 4.6} {52 to 66, 7.0 to 9.5} {48 to 63, 6.5 to 8.5}
60 to 80 55 to 75 110 to 150 100 to 140
M14 {44 to 59, 6.0 to 8.0} {41 to 55, 5.5 to 7.5} {81 to 110, 11 to 15} {74 to 105, 11 to 14}
90 to 120 90 to 110 170 to 220 160 to 210
M16 {66 to 89, 9 to 12} {66 to 81, 9 to 11} {125 to 160, 17 to 23} {120 to 155, 16 to 21}
130 to 170 120 to 150 250 to 330 220 to 290
M18 {96 to 125, 14 to 18} {89 to 110, 12 to 16} {185 to 245, 25 to 33} {160 to 215, 23 to 30}
180 to 240 170 to 220 340 to 460 310 to 410
M20 {130 to 175, 19 to 25} {125 to 160, 17 to 22} {250 to 340, 35 to 47} {230 to 300, 32 to 42}
250 to 330 230 to 300 460 to 620 420 to 560
M22 {185 to 245, 25 to 33} {170 to 220, 23 to 30} {340 to 455, 47 to 63} {310 to 415, 43 to 57}
320 to 430 290 to 380 600 to 810 540 to 720
M24 {235 to 315, 33 to 44} {215 to 280, 29 to 39} {440 to 595, 62 to 83} {400 to 530, 55 to 73}

Hexagon Flange Nuts (Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})

Strength 4T
Identification
symbol

Nominal Standard screw Coarse screw

diameter thread thread
4 to 6
M6 {3.0 to 4.4, 0.4 to 0.6} –

10 to 15
M8 {7.4 to 11, 1.0 to 1.5} –

21 to 31 20 to 29
M10 {15 to 23, 2.1 to 3.1} {15 to 21, 2.0 to 3.0}
38 to 56 35 to 51
M12 {28 to 41, 3.8 to 5.6} {26 to 38, 3.5 to 5.2}

00-37
TABLE OF STANDARD TIGHTENING TORQUES
Tightening Torque for General-Purpose Flare Nut (Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})
φ4.76 mm φ6.35 mm φ8 mm φ10 mm φ12 mm φ15 mm
Pipe diameter
{0.19 in.} {0.25 in.} {0.31 in.} {0.39 in.} {0.47 in.} {0.59 in.}
Tightening torque 17 {13, 1.7} 25 {18, 2.6} 39 {29, 4.0} 59 {44, 6.0} 88 {65, 9.0} 98 {72, 10}

Tightening Torque for General-Purpose Air Piping Nylon Tube (DIN Type)
(Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})
Nominal diameter 6 × 1 mm 10 × 1.25 mm 12 × 1.5 mm 15 × 1.5 mm
× wall thickness {0.24 × 0.039 in.} {0.39 × 0.049 in.} {0.47 × 0.059 in.} {0.59 × 0.059 in.}
+6 +4.4 +0.6 +10 +7.4 +1.0 +10 +7.4 +1.0 +5 +3.7 +0.5
Tightening torque 20 0 {15 0 2.0 0 } 34 0 {25 0 3.5 0 } 49 0 {36 0 5.0 0 } 54 0 {40 0 5.5 0 }

Tightening Torque for General-Purpose Air Piping Nylon Tube (SAE Type)
(Unit: N·m {ft.lbs, kgf·m})
Nominal diameter 1/4 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in.
+4 +3.0 +0.4 +5 +3.7 +0.5 +5 +3.7 +0.5 +5 +3.7 +0.5
Tightening torque 13 0 {9.6 0 1.3 0 } 29 0 {21 0 3.0 0 } 49 0 {36 0 5.0 0 } 64 0 {47 0 6.5 0 }

00-38
 1. Torque 2. Bolt Tightening

2-1 Torque and Tension

Technical Data

Technical Data
Figure 2-1
T
(2)［kgf･cm］
（［kgf･m］）to［N･m］conversion value Why do we tighten screws？
Conversion value 1［kgf･cm］=0.0980665［N･m］ The purpose of tightening screws is to fix one object to another
Table 1-3 1［kgf･m］=9.80665［N･m］
object. We call this force to fix axial tension.
［kgf・cm］ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Apply suitable axial tension
10 0.981 1.08 1.18 1.27 1.37 1.47 1.57 1.67 1.77 1.86
It is best to do axial tension control for tightening screw, but ac-
20 1.96 2.06 2.16 2.26 2.35 2.45 2.55 2.65 2.75 2.84
30 2.94 3.04 3.14 3.24 3.33 3.43 3.53 3.63 3.73 3.82 tually it is difficult to measure axial tension. Torque control is
40 3.92 4.02 4.12 4.22 4.31 4.41 4.51 4.61 4.71 4.81 done as a substitute characteristic.
50 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.39 5.49 5.59 5.69 5.79 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Relation drawing
2-2 Torque and Scｒew Detail drawing
60 5.88 5.98 6.08 6.18 6.28 6.37 6.47 6.57 6.67 6.77 T Friction on
70 6.86 6.96 7.06 7.16 7.26 7.35 7.45 7.55 7.65 7.75 (1) Relation formula between screw and torque α Tension(N) dn
the bearing
β Ff 10% surface 50%
80 7.85 7.94 8.04 8.14 8.24 8.34 8.43 8.53 8.63 8.73 Formula of screw ①
90 8.83 8.92 9.02 9.12 9.22 9.32 9.41 9.51 9.61 9.71
100 9.81 9.90 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 μ
T＝Ff { d  2
2 ( cosα
   ＋tanβ)＋μ
d
n
n    
2 } d2
Table 1-4 d
Friction on the
［kgf・cm］ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 theaded portin
Example) If M8, Ft=8000 [N], tightening torque is
100 9.81 10.8 11.8 12.7 13.7 14.7 15.7 16.7 17.7 18.6 40%
From Table 8-1 d2=7.188［mm］ T ：Torque ［N・m］
200 19.6 20.6 21.6 22.6 23.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 27.5 28.4 Ff ：Axial tension ［N］
dn1=11.27［mm］(1 class nut)
300 29.4 30.4 31.4 32.4 33.3 34.3 35.3 36.3 37.3 38.2 tanβ=0.0554 d2 ：Pitch diameter ［mm］(See table 8-1)
400 39.2 40.2 41.2 42.2 43.1 44.1 45.1 46.1 47.1 48.1 From Table 2-5 μ=μn=0.15 α=30゜ dn ：Pitch diameter of ［mm］(See table 8-1)
bearing surface
500 49.0 50.0 51.0 52.0 53.0 53.9 54.9 55.9 56.9 57.9 7.188 0.15 11.27
600 58.8 59.8 60.8 61.8 62.8 63.7 64.7 65.7 66.7 67.7
T=8000 {  2 ( cos30° 2 }
    ＋0.0554)＋0.15(   ) ÷1000 μ ：Friction coefficient of
threaded portion
(See table 2-4）

700 68.6 69.6 70.6 71.6 72.6 73.5 74.5 75.5 76.5 77.5 =13.4［N・m］ μn：Friction coefficient of (See table 2-4)
800 78.5 79.4 80.4 81.4 82.4 83.4 84.3 85.3 86.3 87.3 bearing portion
■Formula of pitch diameter of bearing surface （ｄn1、ｄn） α ：Half angle of screw thread (ISO screw 30゜)
900 88.3 89.2 90.2 91.2 92.2 93.2 94.1 95.1 96.1 97.1
β ：Lead angle [degree] tanβ：(See Figure 2-2)
1000 98.1 99.0 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 a: Hexagon bearing surface (first type nut, bolt)
(See table 8-1）
0.608B3−0.524ｄH3 Ｂ ：Hexagon width across flats [mm] B
dn1＝ dH
Table 1-5 0.866B2−0.785ｄH2 dH：Bearing surface inside diameter [mm]
［kgf・m］ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
dn1
10 98.1 108 118 127 137 147 157 167 177 186 b: Round shape bearing surface (second, third type nut)
20 196 206 216 226 235 245 255 265 275 284
2 D3−ｄH3 D ：Hexagon width across flats [mm]
30 294 304 314 324 333 343 353 363 373 382 dn＝  ・
3 D2−ｄH2 dH：Bearing surface inside diameter [mm]
40 392 402 412 422 431 441 451 461 471 481
50 490 500 510 520 530 539 549 559 569 579 Formula of screw ② dn
60 588 598 608 618 628 637 647 657 667 677
T Ｋ ：Torque coefficient (See table2-4)
70 686 696 706 716 726 735 745 755 765 775 T＝K・d・Ff or Ff＝ dH
K・d ｄ ：Nominal size of screw [mm]
80 785 794 804 814 824 834 843 853 863 873 D

90 883 892 902 912 922 932 941 951 961 971
100 981 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 Example) Axial tension M20 screw to tighten T=400 [N.m]
400
d=20［mm］ K=0.2(See P28 table 2-4) Ff=        ＝100000［N］
0.2×20÷1000

24 Technical Data 1-2 2-1/2-2 Technical Data 25

 (2) Relation figure between screw and torque (Torque coefficient K=0.2)
2. Bolt Tightening
Figure 2-4 Relation between screw and torque
M52 M
10
9 48
8 45
7
6 42

［kN・m］
5 39 2-3 Standard Torque
Technical Data

Technical Data
Calculation formula 4 36
3 33 (1) Standard torque
30
T ＝ K・d・Ff 2 Table 2-1 Standard torque [N･m] (Ref. data) Table 2-2 Standard torque [kgf･cm] (Ref. data)
27
π d2＋d3 2 Nominal Ｔ 0.5 series 1.8 series 2.4 series Nomina Ｔ 0.5T series 1.8T series 2.4T series
diameter diameter
As ＝
4（ 2 ） 1
24 ［Ｎ・ｍ］ ［Ｎ・ｍ］ ［Ｎ・ｍ］ ［Ｎ・ｍ］ ［kgf・cm］ ［kgf・cm］ ［kgf・cm］ ［kgf・cm］
M1 0.0195 0.0098 0.035 0.047 M1 0.199 0.100 0.357 0.479
H 900 22
d3 ＝ d1 − 800 （M1.1） 0.027 0.0135 0.049 0.065 （M1.1） 0.275 0.138 0.500 0.663
6 700 20 M1.2 0.037 0.0185 0.066 0.088 M1.2 0.377 0.189 0.673 0.897
600
H ＝ 0.866025P 500
（M1.4） 0.058 0.029 0.104 0.140 （M1.4） 0.591 0.296 1.06 1.43
18
Ff 400
M1.6 0.086 0.043 0.156 0.206 M1.6 0.877 0.438 1.59 2.10
σ＝ 16 （M1.8） 0.128 0.064 0.23 0.305 （M1.8） 1.31 0.653 2.35 3.11
As 300
M2 0.176 0.088 0.315 0.42 M2 1.79 0.897 3.21 4.28
（M2.2） 0.23 0.116 0.41 0.55 （M2.2） 2.35 1.17 4.18 5.61
T ： Tightening torque［N・m］ 200
14
M2.5 0.36 0.18 0.65 0.86 M2.5 3.67 1.84 6.63 8.77
K ： Torque coefficient0.2（μ≒0.15） M3 0.63 0.315 1.14 1.50 M3 6.42 3.21 11.6 15.3
12
（M3.5） 1 0.5 1.8 2.40 （M3.5） 10.2 5.1 18.4 24.5
d ： Nominal diameter［mm］ 100 M4 1.5 0.75 2.7 3.6 M4 15.3 7.6 27.5 36.7
90 （M4.5） 2.15 1.08 3.9 5.2 （M4.5） 21.9 11.0 39.8 53.0
Ff： Axial tension［N］ 80 10
70 M5 3 1.5 5.4 7.2 M5 29.4 14.7 53.0 70.6
60 M6 5.2 2.6 9.2 12.2 M6 53.0 26.5 93.8 124
As： Pitch of cross section of bolt［mm2］
［N・m］

50 （M7） 8.4 4.2 15 20.0 （M7） 85.7 42.8 153 204

（JIS B 1082） 40 8
M8 12.5 6.2 22 29.5 M8 127 63.2 224 301
30 M10 24.5 12.5 44 59 M10 250 127 449 602
d2 ： Pitch diameter of bolt［mm］ 7
M12 42 21 76 100 M12 428 214 775 1020
（JIS B 0205） （M14） 68 34 122 166 （M14） 693 347 1240 1690
20
6 M16 106 53 190 255 M16 1080 540 1940 2600

Nominal diameter（d［mm］）
d1 ： Bottom diameter of bolt［mm］
（M18） 146 73 270 350 （M18） 1490 744 2750 3570
（JIS B 0205）
M20 204 102 370 490 M20 2080 1040 3770 5000
Torque

1000 10 5
H ： Fundamental triangle 900 9 （M22） 282 140 500 670 （M22） 2880 1430 5100 6830
height［mm］ 800 8 M24 360 180 650 860 M24 3670 1840 6630 8770
700 7 4.5
600 6 （M27） 520 260 940 1240 （M27） 5300 2650 9590 12600
P ： Pitch［mm］ 500 5 4 M30 700 350 1260 1700 M30 7140 3570 12800 17300
400 4 （M33） 960 480 1750 2300 （M33） 9790 4890 17800 23500
σ ： Elongation stress of bolt 3.5 M36 1240 620 2250 3000 M36 12600 6320 22900 30600
300 3
［N/mm2］ （M39） 1600 800 2900 3800 （M39） 16300 8160 29600 38700
3 M42 2000 1000 3600 4800 M42 20400 10200 36700 48900
200 2
（M45） 2500 1260 4500 6000 （M45） 25500 12800 45900 61200
M48 2950 1500 5300 7000 M48 30100 15300 54000 71400
2.5 （M52） 3800 1900 6800 9200 （M52） 38700 19400 69300 93800
100 1 M56 4800 2400 8600 11600 M56 48900 24500 87700 118000
90 900
80 800 2.2 （M60） 5900 2950 10600 14000 （M60） 60200 30100 108000 143000
70 700 M64 7200 3600 13000 17500 M64 73400 36700 133000 178000
60 600 2
50 500 （M68） 8800 4400 16000 21000 （M68） 89700 44900 163000 214000
［cN・m］

1.8
40 400 Standard bolt stress：210［N/mm2］ Note: conversion value modified 3 effective figures   
30 300 Pitch of cross section of bolt（JIS B1082）
1.6
［mN・m］

20 200 1.4 (2) Screw and applicable T series

Table 2-3 Screw and applicable T series
1.2
10 100 T series 0.5 series 1.8 series 2.4 series
9 90 1.1
8 80 Screws 4.6∼6.8 − 8.8∼12.9 10.9∼12.9
7 70 1 (Strengths) (Materia)
6 60 SS,SC,SUS Copper, Aluminum, Plastic SCr,SNC,SCM SCr,SNC,SCM,SNCM
5 50 Axial tension Standard value 210 105 380 500
4 40 ［N/mm2］ Min∼Max 300∼160 150∼80 540∼290 710∼380
3 30
Application To be applied to ordi- Male and female screws Durable screw joints made of special steel including
nary screws, unless with copper, aluminum those affected by additional dynamic loads
2 20 otherwise specified or plastic, for die-cast
plastic products (Friction clamping)
Application products Ordinary products Electronic products Vehicles, Engines Construction products
1 10
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
＊ From Max. to Min. of axial stress is considered about dispersion of torque coefficient.
Elogation stress of bolt［N/mm2］
 Example) σmax＝210×（0.2÷0.14）＝300 [N/mm2]
Torque value 0.5T T 1.8T 2.4T  Torque coefficient : 0.14 (minimum)∼0.2 (average)∼0.26 (maximum)
Brass Carbon steel

26 Technical Data 2-2 2-3 Technical Data 27

 2. Bolt Tightening

2-4 Torque Coefficient

Technical Data

Technical Data
(1) Formula of torque coefficient (4) Standard torque and bolt axial tension
Table 2-5 Standard torque and bolt axial tension
1 μ
K＝   d（ 〔
2    ＋tanβ）
＋μn・dn 〕 d is Nominal diameter [mm]

Pitch of cross section of bolt

2d cosα T series 0.5T series 1.8T series 2.4T series

Maximum axial tension

Maximum axial tension

Maximum axial tension

Maximum axial tension

Standard axial tension

Minimum axial tension

Standard axial tension

Standard axial tension

Standard axial tension

Minimum axial tension

Minimum axial tension

Minimum axial tension

Standard torque

Standard torque

Standard torque

Standard torque
Nominal diameter
(2) Torque coefficient is not stable
Table 2-4 Torque coefficient and friction coefficient
Torque coefficient K Friction coefficientμ(＝μn)
Lubrication min∼average∼max min∼average∼max Ffs Ffmax Ffmin Ffs Ffmax Ffmin Ffs Ffmax Ffmin Ffs Ffmax Ffmin
［mm2］
［N･m］［N］ ［N］ ［N］［N･m］［N］ ［N］ ［N］［N･m］［N］ ［N］ ［N］［N･m］［N］ ［N］ ［N］
General machine oil
［Spindle oil, machine oil, turbine oil, cylinder oil］ 0.14∼0.20∼0.26 0.10∼0.15∼0.20 M1 0.46 0.0195 96 139.50 75.0 0.0098 49.0 70.0 37.7 0.035 175.0 250.0 134.5 0.047 235.0 336.0 181.0
（M1.1） 0.588 0.027 122.8 175.5 94.4 0.0135 61.4 87.6 47.2 0.049 222.5 318 171.5 0.065 295.5 422 227.5
Low friction oil （M1.2） 0.732 0.037 154 220 118.6 0.0185 77 110.2 59.3 0.066 275 393 211.5 0.088 367 524 282
0.10∼0.15∼0.20 0.067∼0.10∼0.14 （M1.4） 0.983 0.058 207 296 159.6 0.029 103.6 148 79.6 0.104 371 531 285.5 0.14 500 714 385
［Double sulfurous molybdenum, wax based oil］
M1.6 1.27 0.086 268.5 384 206.5 0.043 134.5 192 103.4 0.156 487 696 375 0.206 644 920 495
Fcon（Bolt tension stabilization: See P328） （M1.8） 1.7 0.128 356 508 273.5 0.064 178 254 137 0.230 639 912 491 0.305 848 1210 652
0.16∼0.18∼0.20 0.12∼0.135∼0.15
M2 2.07 0.176 440 629 338 0.088 220 314.5 169 0.315 788 1126 606 0.42 1050 1500 808
（M2.2） 2.48 0.23 523 746 402 0.116 263.5 377 203 0.41 932 1332 716 0.55 1250 1785 962
Note:The value on this table is for standard screw joint. This in not applicable for special condition. K≒1.3μ＋0.025
M2.5 3.39 0.36 720 1028 554 0.18 360 514 277 0.65 1300 1850 1000 0.86 1720 2455 1324
Min and max mean width of dispersion. Variation width will be smaller if the condition is limited
M3 5.03 0.63 1050 1500 808 0.315 525 750 404 1.14 1900 2715 1460 1.5 2500 3570 1925
(lubrication oil, shape etc.)
（M3.5） 6.78 1.00 1430 2040 1098 0.50 714 1020 549 1.80 2570 3670 1980 2.4 3430 4900 2635

(3) Even torque is stable axial tension may vary M4 8.78 1.50 1875 2680 1440 0.75 950 1355 730 2.7 3380 4820 2595 3.6 4500 6430 3460
（M4.5） 11.3 2.15 2390 3410 1840 1.08 1200 1715 924 3.9 4330 6190 3330 5.2 5780 8260 4440
Factors of defects in torque coefficient M5 14.2 3.00 3000 4290 2310 1.50 1500 2145 1154 5.4 5400 7720 4150 7.2 7200 10280 5540
 ● Lubrication M6 20.1 5.2 4330 6190 3330 2.6 2165 3095 1665 9 7660 10960 5900 12.2 10160 14500 7820
（M7） 28.9 8.4 6000 8580 4620 4.2 3000 4290 2310 15 10720 15300 8240 20.0 14300 20400 10980
 ● Machine factor of body tightened M8 36.6 12.5 7820 11160 6010 6.3 3910 5540 3000 22 13750 19650 10580 29.5 18450 26350 14200
 ● Environment M10 58 24.5 12260 17500 9420 12.3 6130 8920 4720 44 22000 31450 16900 59.0 29500 42100 22700
 ● Tightening speed M12 84.3 42 17500 25000 13450 21.0 8750 12500 6730 76 31650 45200 24350 100.0 41700 59500 32050
Figure 2-5 Relation between tightening torque and
（M14） 115 68 24300 34700 18700 34.0 12150 17350 9350 122 43600 62200 22500 166.0 59300 84600 45600
  ● Reutilization screw tightening axial tension
M16 157 106 33150 47300 25500 53 16580 23650 12750 190 59400 84800 45700 255.0 79600 113800 61300
tension

（M18） 192 146 40600 57900 31200 73 20300 29000 15600 270 75000 107200 57700 350.0 97200 139000 74800
Example:Tightening is stable, how axial tension will M20 245 204 51000 72800 39200 102 25500 36400 19600 370 92600 132200 71200 490.0 122600 175000 94200
change if torque coefficient will change? （M22） 303 282 64100 91600 49300 141 32000 45700 24600 500 113600 162500 87400 670.0 152500 217500 117200
M24 353 360 75000 107200 57700 180 37500 53600 28850 650 135500 193500 104200 860.0 179000 256000 138000
Ff ＝T／（K・d） Ffmax
（M27） 459 520 96200 137500 74000 260 48100 68800 37000 940 174000 248500 134000 1240 229500 328000 176500
 Nominal diameter：d＝10［mm］ Kmin
Min toruque coefficient M30 561 700 116600 166500 89800 350 58300 83300 44800 1260 210000 300000 162500 1700 283500 405000 218000
 Tightening torque:：T＝24［N・m］ Ffs （M33） 694 960 145500 208000 111800 480 72800 104000 56000 1750 265000 379000 204000 2300 348000 498000 268000
 Torque coefficient：Kmin＝0.14、K＝0.2、Kmax＝0.26 M36 817 1240 172000 246000 132400 620 86000 123000 66200 2250 312500 446000 240500 3000 417000 595000 320500
Ffmin
Kmin＝0.14 （M39） 976 1600 205000 293000 158000 800 102500 146500 78800 2900 372000 531000 286000 3800 487000 696000 375000
M42 1120 2000 238000 340000 183000 1000 119000 170000 91500 3600 429000 612000 329500 4800 571000 816000 440000
 Ffmax=24/(0.14×0.01）＝17140［N］
（M45） 1310 2500 278000 397000 213500 1250 139000 200000 107000 4500 500000 714000 385000 6000 666000 952000 513000
Kmax＝0.26
M48 1470 2950 307500 439000 236500 1475 154000 220000 118500 5300 552000 788000 425000 7000 730000 1042000 561000
 Ffmin=24/(0.26×0.01）＝9230［N］ （M52） 1760 3800 365000 522000 281000 1900 182500 261000 140400 6800 654000 934000 503000 9200 884000 1264000 680000
K＝0.2 Kmax
M56 2030 4800 429000 612000 329500 2400 214500 306000 165000 8600 768000 1096000 591000 11600 1036000 1480000 796000
Max toruque coefficient
 Ffs＝24／（0.2×0.01）＝12000［N］ （M60） 2360 5900 492000 702000 378000 2950 246000 351000 189000 10600 884000 1262000 680000 14000 1166000 1665000 898000
Tightening torque M64 2680 7200 563000 804000 433000 3600 281500 402000 216500 13000 1016000 1450000 782000 17500 1365000 1955000 1052000
Axial tension will change around double on Kmin, Kmax.
Tightening torque （M68） 3060 8800 647000 924000 498000 4400 323500 462000 249000 16000 1176000 1680000 904000 21000 1545000 2205000 1188000

28 Technical Data 2-4 2-4 Technical Data 29

 2. Bolt Tightening

2-5 Method for Determining Tightening Torque

Technical Data

Technical Data
(1) To apply appropriate bolt tension (3) Methods for determining tightening torque
Table 2-6 Methods for determining tightening torque
Bolt strength Fixing

｝ ｛
Strength of bolted joint Sealing 1 Standardization To establish company standard of tightening torque. (See Figure 2-4)
Ｆｕ＞Ｆｆmax∼Ｆｆs∼Ｆｆmin＞ＦL
Thread strength Transmission Confirmation of the
2 present tightening torque To establish present tightening torque and confirm it.
Bearing surface strength Looseness
Method based on breaking To adopt 70% of the breaking torque as the tightening torque for screw joints.
3 torque (Ffmax=FU)
(Determination of lower limit)
Method based on axial
Figure 2-6 To apply appropriate bolt tension 4 tension
To adopt 130% of the minimum required tightening torque, the level that
(Determination of lower limit) prevent loosening, as the tightening torque. (Ffmin=FL)

Method based on axial To specify the tightening torque as the optimal axial tension by measuring with
5 tension measurement an axial tension meter.
Bearing surface Transfer

Female screw Looseness Figure 2-8 Methods for determining tightening torque

Body tightened Fixing Fu=Ffmax Ffs Ffmin FL

Ffs
Determination of tightening 30％
Male screw Leak
torque by method
Ffmax Ffmin
Fu FL based on breaking torque

Fu Ffmax Ffs FL=Ffmin

Determination of tightening 30％
torque by method based on
minimum required torque

(2) Various defective joint

Figure 2-7 Various defective joint
2-6 Tolerance of Tightening Torque
Ffmax Fu Ff s Ffmin FL For threaded joints, sometimes more definite tightening control is necessary, and sometimes
relatively rough control is enough just so that it will not loosen.
①Exceed tightening
Table 2-7
Tightening torque Torque coefficient Axial tension
Fu Ffmax Ffs FL Ffmin Class
Torque Tolerance Coefficient Tolerance Variation width Upper lower
limit (Ratio)

②Insufficient tightening Special ±15％

±5％ ±15％ 115∼85％ 0.75

Ffmax Fu Ff s FL Ffmin
1st class ｝Measured value
±10％
｝
Measured value
±20％
±20％
120∼80％
0.65

Standard torque 0.14∼0.26 ±35％

③Impossible tightening 2nd class ±20％ ±30％ 0.50
(measured value) （0.10∼0.20） 135∼65％
0.12∼0.28 ±50％
3rd class Standard torque ±30％ ±40％ 150∼50％ 0.35
（0.09∼0.20）

( ) Value is for using disulfide molybdenum, wax as lubrication.

30 Technical Data 2-5 2-5/2-6 Technical Data 31

 2. Bolt Tightening
Technical Data

Technical Data
When you need strict bolt management, the following formulas express the relationships using the Figure 2-9 Tightening methods
standard deviation of dispersion of tightening torque and the torque coefficient. Angle control method
Gradient method
Dispersion in axial tension (σn), a torque coefficient (σk), Example)
and tightening torque (σｔ) relation Break point
K = 0.2 ± 0.06（3σ） Torque

Axial tension
control
σｎ ＝ σｋ2 ＋ σt2 σK =   0.06 ×100（％）= 10（％） method
3×0.2 Yeild point
σt = 3％
In order to make σn smaller, it is necessary to make σk and
σn = 102＋32 ＝ 10.4％
σt smaller, respectively. Since it is easy to manage
（3σn = 31.2％）
tightening torque, it will be set to σK ≒ σt if it manages to
1
σK ＝  σt grade.
       
3
Elastic zone Plastic zone

2-7 Various Tightening Methods 2-8 Tightening of Tension Stability

Table 2-8 Various tightening methods Various tightening methods for stability of initial axial tension are invented. Following are some of examples.
Tightening method Description Advantage and disadvantage (1) Zigzag tightening
Bolt tightening is controlled by torque Control and operation is easy in tightening. It is recommended to tighten by diagonal sequence as the drawing. Zigzag tightening
Torque control value. Since torque value does not change because of bolt length,
 First time… To tighten around 50% of the specified torque by turn. 1
method Widely used standardization is easy. 5
Dispersion band of axial tension is wide and bolt efficiency is  Second time… To tighten around 75% of the specified torque by turn. 8
low.
 Third time… To tighten 100% of specified torque by turn. 3
Bolt tightening is controlled by When bolts are tightened within the plastic zone, dispersion of
angle.The bolt is tightened to a axial tension is small and operation is easy. It is recommended to tighten all bolts equally, and to avoid applying 4
Angle control
defined angle from snug torque Since it will be tightened over yield point, there is a limitation 7
method torque on one or several bolts in one side.
on the threaded joint with additive load or retightening, and it 6
is difficult to define the tightening angle. (2) Two steps tightening 2

Bolt is tightened from proportional Since dispersion width of the axial tension is small, efficiency The tightening sequence will not follow, as this drawing if tightening will 1 7
point until the yield point is reached. of bolted joint is large. Inspection of bolt itself is possible. 5
Gradient be done by multiple automatic nutrunners. Then in the first step it will 3
Electronic circuit makes arithmetic Tightening will go over yield point. Tightening device is
method
processing of angle, torque, etc expensive. In the service field, the tightening method is not be tightened provisionally. (50% of the tightening torque) 9
available. 10
Next the final tightening will be done by 100% torque. The method to
4
Bolt tightening is controlled by Dispersion of bolt is very small. tighten on two steps. 6
Elongation elongation of bolt, generated by bolt Tightening within elastic zone is available. 8
(3) Two times tightening 2
measurement tightened. Elongation is measured Efficiency of bolted joint Is large. Additive loading and a
method by micrometer, ultrasonic or second time tightening are possible. End face finish of bolt is There's a delay for axial tension transmission and adequate initial axial tension will not be obtained
mandrel. required. Tightening cost is high.
because there's an existing soft part such as packing or rubber in the flap tightened. This method is a
While defined tensile load is applied Axial tension can directly be controlled. Torsion stress of bolt kind of tightening to get initial axial tension. First it will be tightened with 100% torque and once more
Loading to bolt, tightening is controlled by the does not generate. Tightening device and bolts are special
method given load to the bolt. made. High cost. tightened with 100% torque.
(4) Stabilized tightening
Bolt is heated to generate Space and force are not required for tightening. There is no This is a kind of tightening method to prevent initial axial tension drop by doing tightening with 100 %
Heating elongation. Tightening is controlled clear relation between heat and axial tension. Temperature
method temperature. setting control is difficult.
torque, loosening the screw and doing tightening one more, when bearing surface will be deformed
(including bur and surface roughness) by tightening.
32 Technical Data 2-6/2-7 2-7/2-8 Technical Data 33
 2. Bolt Tightening

2-9 Joint coefficient

Technical Data

Technical Data
When statistical characteristics of torque tools are discussed, just tightening torque is considered (3) How to get joint coefficient?
and rotation of screws is neglected. But when dynamic characteristics (overtorque measure of ① Method by drawing
multiple units) are discussed, how the tightening torque will increase with rotation of screws It is measured from actual screw joint for tightening rotation turn (angle).
should be considered. Generally speaking, it is called a "soft joint" or a "hard joint", but it is (For this case original point of rotation - angle can be neglected.)
necessary to express quantitatively. As shown Figure 2-12 plot on the drawing, and get n or θ from tangent on prescribed tighten-
Joint coefficient (e) is identified and written as follows. ing torque T0. e is available from formula (3), (4).
(1) Definition of joint coefficient (e) 1 Figure 2-12
The relation between tightening torque and rotation for a screw, joint is shown on Figure 2-10. e＝   …… formula (3) T
 n
Joint coefficient (e) on T=T0 for this joint is defined as 360
e＝   …… formula (4) T0
 θ
1 dT Figure 2-10
e＝ 
T0 （ dn ）T＝T 0
…… formula (1)
T
② Simple method
n ：turns of rotation
T0：Tightening torque
T0 (e) is available from rotation angle ( θ') when
tighten up to 0.8T0 and tighten up to T0 once
Use rotation angle (θ), and get formula (2). more.

From θ＝360n dθ＝360dn 72
e＝   …… formula (5) 0
 θ'  n θ
360 dT T0＝0  θ
e＝   （ ）
T0 dθ T＝T0
…… formula (2)
dT
360
e＝   ・
T0-0.8T0
θ：rotation angle of the screw（°
） （ dn ）T＝T T0  θ'
0

Sample of actual joint coefficient measurement. ＊By ② simple method above

(2) Meaning of joint coefficient
Bolt: M8
① To make it easier, relation of torque and rotation angle(θ) is shown by straight line in Figure 2-11.
Tightening torque (T0): For 13.4 [N.m] 0.8T0 is 10.7 [N.m]

1  T ① Preparation
e＝ ・
T  n  T＝T0 Put protractor on outside of measuring bolt (The protractor should have a hole as bolt will be center.)
Set the line to be needle on outside of the socket
1 or 360 Figure 2-13
e＝ e＝ Figure 2-11 ② Measurement
 n  θ T T
Tighten up to 0.8T0 (10.7 [N.m]) first.
1 360
 n＝  θ＝ T0 Next, set the protractor "0" to fit with the needle. 13.4
e e T0
Tighten up to T0 (13.4 [N.m]) and read the angle
10.7
(7.2°
). 0.8T0
1
That is e=10 means n＝ 10 rotation or it is  T
Actual relation ③ Calculation
reached from snug torque to tightening torque by From simple method
Snug point
■ θ =36°
. 72 72
e＝  ＝  ＝10
② As joint coefficient (e) is non-dimension figure,  θ 7.2
it is not changed by size of screw.  n n、
θ Medium joint is available from this formula. θ
 θ 7.2゜

34 Technical Data 2-9 2-9 Technical Data 35

 GRADE 5 COURSE THREAD GRADE 5 FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 91 10 61 7 1/4”-28 105 12 70 8
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 16 22 11 15 5/16”-24 18 24 12 16
3/8”-16 28 38 19 26 3/8”-24 32 43 21 28
7/16”-14 45 61 30 41 7/16”-20 50 68 34 46
1/2”-13 68 92 46 62 1/2”-20 77 104 51 69
9/16”-12 98 133 66 89 9/16”-18 110 149 73 99
5/8”-11 140 190 91 123 5/8”-18 155 210 105 142
3/4”-10 240 325 160 217 3/4”-16 270 366 180 244
7/8”-9 390 529 260 353 7/8”-14 430 583 285 386
1”-8 580 786 390 529 1”-14 655 888 435 590
1 1/8”-7 715 969 480 651 1 1/8”-12 805 1,091 535 725
1 1/4”-7 1,010 1,369 675 915 1 1/4”-12 1,120 1,519 745 1,010
1 3/8”-6 1,330 1,803 885 1,200 1 3/8”-12 1,510 2,047 1,010 1,369
1 1/2”-6 1,760 2,386 1,170 1,586 1 1/2”-12 1,980 2,685 1,320 1,790
1 3/4”-5 2,770 3,756 1850 2,508
2”-4.5 4,160 5,640 2780 3,769
2 1/4”-4.5 6,090 8,257 4060 5,505
2 1/2”-4 8,330 11,294 5550 7,525
2 3/4”-4 11,300 15,321 7540 10,223
3”-4 15,000 20,337 9,940 13,477

2
 SOCKETHEAD COARSE THREAD SOCKETHEAD FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 150 17 100 11 1/4”-28 172 19 115 13
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 26 35 18 24 5/16”-24 29 39 20 27
3/8”-16 46 62 31 42 3/8”-24 52 71 35 47
7/16”-14 74 100 49 66 7/16”-20 82 111 55 75
1/2”-13 115 156 75 102 1/2”-20 130 176 84 114
9/16”-12 160 217 105 142 9/16”-18 175 237 120 163
5/8”-11 215 292 145 197 5/8”-18 245 332 165 224
3/4”-10 385 522 255 346 3/4”-16 425 576 285 386
7/8”-9 615 834 410 556 7/8”-14 680 922 455 617
1”-8 920 1,247 615 834 1”-14 1,035 1,403 690 936
1 1/8”-7 1,305 1,769 870 1,180 1 1/8”-12 1,465 1,986 975 1,322
1 1/4”-7 1,840 2,495 1,230 1,668 1 1/4”-12 2,040 2,766 1,360 1,844
1 3/8”-6 2,415 3,274 1,610 2,183 1 3/8”-12 2,750 3,728 1,835 2,488
1 1/2”-6 3,205 4,345 2,135 2,895 1 1/2”-12 3,605 4,888 2,405 3,261
1 3/4”-5 5,050 6,847 3,370 4,569
2”-4.5 7,590 10,291 5,060 6,860
2 1/4”-4.5 11,100 15,050 7,400 10,033
2 1/2”-4 15,185 20,588 10,125 13,728
2 3/4”-4 20,610 27,943 13,740 18,629
3”-4 27,190 36,865 18,130 24,581

3
 316 SS OR F593 G & H COURSE THREAD 316 SS OR F593 G & H FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 59 7 40 5 1/4”-28 68 8 45 5
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 11 15 7 9 5/16”-24 12 16 8 11
3/8”-16 19 26 13 18 3/8”-24 21 28 14 19
7/16”-14 29 39 20 27 7/16”-20 33 45 22 30
1/2”-13 45 61 30 41 1/2”-20 50 68 34 46
9/16”-12 64 87 43 58 9/16”-18 71 96 48 65
5/8”-11 88 119 59 80 5/8”-18 100 136 67 91
3/4”-10 110 149 72 98 3/4”-16 125 169 81 110
7/8”-9 175 237 116 157 7/8”-14 195 264 130 176
1”-8 265 359 174 236 1”-14 295 400 200 271
1 1/8”-7 370 502 247 335 1 1/8”-12 415 563 280 380
1 1/4”-7 525 712 348 472 1 1/4”-12 580 786 385 522
1 3/8”-6 685 929 456 618 1 3/8”-12 780 1,058 520 705
1 1/2”-6 910 1,234 605 820 1 1/2”-12 1,030 1,396 685 929
1 3/4”-5 1440 1,952 954 1,293
2”-4.5 2160 2,929 1440 1,952
2 1/4”-4.5 3150 4,271 2100 2,847
2 1/2”-4 4310 5,844 2870 3,891
2 3/4”-4 5840 7,918 3900 5,288
3”-4 7710 10,453 5140 6,969

Unless otherwise specified, anti-seize shall be used on SS/SS connections.

4
 12 POINT FERRY HEAD COURSE THREAD 12 POINT FERRY HEAD FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 150 17 100 11 1/4”-28 172 19 115 13
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 26 35 18 24 5/16”-24 29 39 20 27
3/8”-16 46 62 31 42 3/8”-24 52 71 35 47
7/16”-14 74 100 49 66 7/16”-20 82 111 55 75
1/2”-13 115 156 75 102 1/2”-20 130 176 84 114
9/16”-12 165 224 110 149 9/16”-18 180 244 120 163
5/8”-11 225 305 150 203 5/8”-18 255 346 170 230
3/4”-10 400 542 265 359 3/4”-16 445 603 295 400
7/8”-9 640 868 425 576 7/8”-14 705 956 470 637
1”-8 955 1,295 640 868 1”-14 1,080 1,464 715 969
1 1/8”-7 1,310 1,776 870 1,180 1 1/8”-12 1,470 1,993 980 1,329
1 1/4”-7 1,840 2,495 1,230 1,668 1 1/4”-12 2,040 2,766 1,360 1,844
1 3/8”-6 2,420 3,281 1,610 2,183 1 3/8”-12 2,750 3,728 1,840 2,495
1 1/2”-6 3,210 4,352 2,140 2,901 1 1/2”-12 3,610 4,895 2,410 3,268
1 3/4”-5 5,050 6,847 3,370 4,569
2”-4.5 7,590 10,291 5,060 6,860
2 1/4”-4.5 11,100 15,050 7,400 10,033
2 1/2”-4 15,200 20,608 10,200 13,829
2 3/4”-4 20,700 28,065 13,800 18,710
3”-4 27,200 36,878 18,200 24,676

5
 ASTM A320-7 COURSE THREAD ASTM A320-7 FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
1/4”-20 96 11 64 7 1/4”-28 110 12 73 8
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
5/16”-18 17 23 11 15 5/16”-24 19 26 13 18
3/8”-16 30 41 20 27 3/8”-24 34 46 23 31
7/16”-14 47 64 32 43 7/16”-20 53 72 35 47
1/2”-13 72 98 48 65 1/2”-20 81 110 54 73
9/16”-12 105 142 69 94 9/16”-18 115 156 77 104
5/8”-11 145 197 95 129 5/8”-18 165 224 110 149
3/4”-10 255 346 170 230 3/4”-16 285 386 190 258
7/8”-9 410 556 275 373 7/8”-14 450 610 300 407
1”-8 610 827 410 556 1”-14 685 929 460 624
1 1/8”-7 865 1,173 575 780 1 1/8”-12 970 1,315 645 875
1 1/4”-7 1,220 1,654 815 1,105 1 1/4”-12 1,350 1,830 900 1,220
1 3/8”-6 1,600 2,169 1,070 1,451 1 3/8”-12 1,820 2,468 1,220 1,654
1 1/2”-6 2,120 2,874 1,420 1,925 1 1/2”-12 2,390 3,240 1,590 2,156
1 3/4”-5 3,340 4,528 2,230 3,023
2”-4.5 5,020 6,806 3,350 4,542
2 1/4”-4.5 7,340 9,952 4,900 6,644
2 1/2”-4 10,100 13,694 6,700 9,084
2 3/4”-4 13,700 18,575 9,090 12,324
3”-4 18,000 24,405 12,000 16,270

6
 METRIC GRADE 10.9 COARSE THREAD METRIC GRADE 10.9 FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
6-1.00 119 13 80 9 6-0.75 131 15 87 10
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
8-1.25 25 34 17 23 8-1.00 26 35 18 24
10-1.50 48 65 32 43 10-1.25 51 69 34 46
12-1.75 84 114 56 76 12-1.50 88 119 59 80
14-2.00 135 183 89 121 14-1.50 145 197 96 130
16-2.00 210 285 140 190 16-1.50 225 305 150 203
20-2.50 405 549 270 366 18-1.50 360 488 240 325
22-2.50 550 746 370 502 20-1.50 495 671 330 447
24-3.00 700 949 465 630 22-1.50 660 895 440 597
27-3.00 1,030 1,396 685 929 24-2.00 860 1,166 575 780
30-3.50 1,390 1,885 925 1,254 27-2.00 1,230 1,668 820 1,112
36-4.00 2,430 3,295 1,620 2,196 30-1.50 1,850 2,508 1,230 1,668
42-4.50 3,880 5,261 2,590 3,512
48-5.00 5,830 7,904 3,890 5,274
56-5.50 9,370 12,704 6,250 8,474
64-6.00 14,200 19,253 9,410 12,758
72-6.00 20,600 27,930 13,700 18,575
80-6.00 28,700 38,912 19,100 25,896
90-6.00 41,500 56,266 27,700 37,556
100-6.00 57,700 78,231 38,500 52,199

7
 METRIC GRADE 12.9 SOCKET HEAD COARSE THREAD METRIC GRADE 12.9 SOCKET HEAD FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
6-1.00 135 15 90 10 6-0.75 148 17 98 11
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
8-1.25 28 38 19 26 8-1.00 30 41 20 27
10-1.50 54 73 36 49 10-1.25 57 77 38 52
12-1.75 95 129 63 85 12-1.50 99 134 66 89
14-2.00 155 210 105 142 14-1.50 165 224 110 149
16-2.00 235 319 160 217 16-1.50 250 339 170 230
20-2.50 460 624 305 414 18-1.50 405 549 270 366
22--2.50 625 847 415 563 20-1.50 560 759 375 508
24-3.00 790 1,071 525 712 22-1.50 745 1,010 500 678
27-3.00 1,160 1,573 770 1,044 24-2.00 970 1,315 645 875
30-3.50 1,570 2,129 1,050 1,424 27-2.00 1,390 1,885 925 1,254
36-4.00 2,740 3,715 1,830 2,481 30-1.50 2,090 2,834 1,390 1,885
42-4.50 4,390 5,952 2,930 3,973
48-5.00 6,590 8,935 4,390 5,952
56-5.50 10,600 14,372 7,060 9,572
64-6.00 16,000 21,693 10,700 14,507
72-6.00 23,200 31,455 15,500 21,015
80-6.00 32,400 43,929 21,600 29,286
90-6.00 46,900 63,588 31,300 42,437
100-6.00 65,200 88,399 43,500 58,978

8
 METRIC 316 OR 304 SS COURSE THREAD METRIC 316 OR 304 SS FINE THREAD
BOLT WITH BOLT WITH
LUBRICATED LUBRICATED
size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE size-pitch ANTI-SEIZE
in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm in-lbs Nm
6-1.00 55 6 37 4 6-0.75 60 7 40 5
ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm ft-lbs Nm
8-1.25 12 16 8 11 8-1.00 12 16 8 11
10-1.50 23 31 15 20 10-1.25 24 33 16 22
12-1.75 39 53 26 35 12-1.50 41 56 27 37
14-2.00 62 84 41 56 14-1.50 67 91 45 61
16-2.00 96 130 64 87 16-1.50 102 138 68 92
20-2.50 190 258 125 169 18-1.50 165 224 110 149
22--2.50 255 346 170 230 20-1.50 230 312 155 210
24-3.00 325 441 215 292 22-1.50 305 414 205 278
27-3.00 475 644 315 427 24-2.00 395 536 265 359
30-3.50 640 868 430 583 27-2.00 570 773 380 515
36-4.00 1,120 1,519 750 1,017 30-1.50 855 1,159 570 773
42-4.50 1,800 2,440 1,195 1,620
48-5.00 2,700 3,661 1,800 2,440
56-5.50 4,330 5,871 2,890 3,918
64-6.00 6,520 8,840 4,350 5,898
72-6.00 9,480 12,853 6,320 8,569
80-6.00 13,300 18,032 8,820 11,958
90-6.00 19,200 26,032 12,770 17,314
100-6.00 26,700 36,200 17,800 24,134