15EE103L ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

RECORD

REGISTER NO:

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

SEMESTER:

DEPARTMENT:
 INDEX SHEET

Date of Date of Staff

S.No. Name of the Experiment Marks
Experiment submission Sign

1 Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws

2 Verification of Superposition

Verification of Thevenin’s and

3
Norton’s Theorem
Verification of Maximum Power
4
Transfer theorem
Verification of Reciprocity
5
theorem
Digital simulation of RL transient
6
circuit using PSPICE software.
Digital simulation of RC transient
7
circuit using PSPICE software.
Digital simulation of Series and
8 Parallel resonance circuit using
PSPICE software.
Digital simulation of electric
circuits(KVLand KCL using
9
PSPICE simulation software*

Digital simulation of electric

circuits(Thevenin and Norton
10 theorem) using PSPICE
simulation software*

Digital simulation of electric

circuits(Reciprocity and Maximum
11 transfer theorem) using PSPICE
simulation software*

TOTAL MARKS :

AVERAGE :STAFF SIGNATURE:

 SESSION PLAN

Course Code: 15EE103L

Course Title: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB
Semester: I/II

Instructional objectives:
1. Understand and gain knowledge about circuit laws and theorems
2. Gain knowledge about time domain analysis of circuit transients.
3. Understand the concept of resonance in series and parallel circuits
4. Learn how to use the PSPICE software for simulating circuits.

Student outcomes
(a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
(b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
(k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.

SESSION REFERENCES INSTRUCTIONAL

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT
NO.
1 Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws
2 Verification of Superposition
Verification of Thevenin’s and
3
Norton’s Theorem
4
Verification of Maximum Power
Transfer theorem
Verification of Reciprocity
5
theorem
Digital simulation of RL transient
6
circuit using PSPICE software.
Digital simulation of RC transient
7
circuit using PSPICE software.
Digital simulation of Series and
8 Parallel resonance circuit using
PSPICE software.
1. Department Lab
Manual
2. R.Jegatheesan,
“Analyais of Electric
Circuits”, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Edition
2015.
3. Sudhakar.A and Shyam
Mohan.S.P, “Circuits and
Networks Analysis and
Synthesis”, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi, Fourth
edition, 2010.
OBJECTIVE
Understand and gain
knowledge about
circuit laws and
theorems
Gain knowledge about
time domain analysis of
circuit transients.
Understand the concept
of resonance in series
and parallel circuits

Digital simulation of electric 4. Muhammed H Rashid,

circuits using PSPICE simulation “SPICE for circuits and
9,10,11
software* electronics using
PSPICE”, PHI, 2nd
edition, 2011
Learn how to use the
PSPICE software for
simulating circuits.

*From session1-5 can be simulated using PSPICE software

Laboratory Policies :

 Each lab session lasts two periods and starts promptly. A brief introduction may be
given by the instructor at the beginning of the lab.

 Everybody has to finish on time, so please time yourself carefully. Doing the pre-lab
can save you a lot of time.

 Review the material prior to coming to the lab; consult the textbook(s) if required.

 Calculate the anticipated theoretical results, and get an idea of the approximate range
and scale of the quantities you will be measuring.

 All laboratory work has to be completed during the designated lab period.

 Attendance at your regularly scheduled lab period is required. An unexpected

absence will result in the loss of credit for your lab.

 Report: Neatness, organization, and completeness will be rewarded. Points will be

deducted for any part that is not clear.

 Reports Due Dates: The lab reports are due the following week at the beginning of
your lab session.

 Dress code: Please carry your ID card with you always. Wear White coat and shoes
for the lab

Assessment:

Lab Performance - 30%

Pre lab - 05%
Post Lab - 05%
Record - 05%
MCQ/Quiz/Viva Voce – 05%
Model Exam - 10%
Final exam - 40%

Systems of Tests:

Regular laboratory class work over the full semester will carry a weightage of 60%. The
remaining 40% weightage will be given by conducting an end semester practical examination
for every individual student.
BREAD BOARD CONNECTIONS
 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Theoretical calculation 15
3 Conduction of experiment and results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRE LAB

1. Write the colour coding for resistor used in this experiment.

2. What is Breadboard?

3. Define node and branch.

4. Fill in the blanks

Prefix Symbol Power of Ten

Terra T
Giga G

Mega M

kilo k

none none

centi c

milli m

micro µ

nano n

pico p
Experiment No. 1 VERIFICATION OF KIRCHHOFFS LAWS
Date :

Aim:
To verify Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law for the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:
S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 2
2 Resistance 330, 220 1k 1 each
3 Ammeter (0-30mA)MC 3
4 Voltmeter (0-30V)MC 3
5 Bread Board -- 1
6 Connecting Wires -- Required

Statement:

KCL: The algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a node is equal to zero.
KVL: In any closed path / mesh, the algebraic sum of all the voltages is zero.

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

Procedure for KCL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS.
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter reading
4. Repeat the same for different voltages

Procedure for KVL:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS.
3. Note all the voltage readings.
4. Repeat the same for different voltages

Circuit - KCL
Circuit - KVL

KCL - Theoretical Values:

Sl. Voltage Current I1 = I2 + I3
No. E I1 I2 I3
Volts mA mA mA mA
1
2
3

KCL - Practical Values:

Sl. Voltage Current I1 = I2 + I3
No. E I1 I2 I3
Volts mA mA mA mA
1
2
3

KVL – Theoretical Values

Sl.No. RPS Voltage KVL
E1 E2 V1 V2 V3 E1 = V1 + V2
V V V V V V
1
2
3
KVL - Practical Values
Sl.No. RPS Voltage KVL
E1 E2 V1 V2 V3 E1 = V1 + V2
V V V V V V
1
2
3

Model Calculations:
Result:
Thus Kirchhoff’s voltage law and Kirchhoff’s current law were verified both
theoretically and practically.
 POST LAB

1. What is regulated power supply?

2. Explain why an ammeter must be connected in series with a resistor.

3. What modification is done in galvanometer to convert it into an ammeter?

4. How to calculate the error value for the conducted experiment?

 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Theoretical calculation 15
3 Conduction of experiment and results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. a) Read the color codes of the resistors given for this experiment and determine the
nominal value and tolerance of each carbon resistor and record them.

b) Measure the values of the resistors with the digital multimeter and record them.

2. Define linear network.

3. Explain additivity and homogeneity principles.

Experiment No. 2 VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
Date :

Aim:
To verify the superposition theorem for the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:
Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 2
2 Ammeter (0-10mA) 1
3 Resistors 1k, 330, 220 1 each
4 Bread Board -- 1
5 Wires -- Required

Statement:

Superposition theorem states that in a linear bilateral network containing more than
one source, the current flowing through the branch is equal to the algebraic sum of all the
currents flowing through that branch when sources are considered one at a time and replacing
other sources by their respective internal resistances.

Precautions:

1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position

2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position

Procedure:
1. Give the connections as per the diagram.
2. Set a particular voltage value using RPS1 and RPS2 & note down the ammeter
reading
3. Set the same voltage as in circuit 1 using RPS1 alone and disconnect RPS2 and
short circuit the terminals and note the ammeter reading.
4. Repeat the same procedure with RPS2 and note down the ammeter reading.
5. Verify superposition theorem.

CIRCUIT - 1
 CIRCUIT - 2

CIRCUIT - 3

TABULAR COLUMN
Theoretical Values
RPS Current
1 2 (mA)
Circuit – 1 I=

Circuit – 2 I’=

Circuit – 3 I’’=

I=I’+I’’= mA

Practical Values
RPS Current
1 2 (mA)
Circuit – 1 I=

Circuit – 2 I’=

Circuit – 3 I’’=

I=I’+I’’= mA
Model Calculations:
Result:
Thus Superposition theorem was been verified both theoretically and practically.
 POST LAB

1. Using superposition theorem predict the voltage across the load resistor for the
experiment conducted.

2. When analyzing circuits, when is it best to use: The Superposition Theorem?

3. What is the internal resistance of the ideal voltage source?

4. Draw the circuit diagram of a practical voltage source with internal resistance.
 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Theoretical calculation 15
3 Conduction of experiment and results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. How to model a practical current source using an ideal current source with an internal
resistance Rs.

2. Define active and bilateral network.

3. What do you mean by looking back resistance?

4. What is the use of Thevenin’s theorem?

Experiment No. 3a VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM
Date :

Aim:
To verify Thevenin’s theorem and to calculate the load current for the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (regulated power supply) (0-30V) 2
2 Ammeter (0-10mA) 1
3 Resistors 1K, 330 3,1
4 Bread Board -- Required
5 DRB -- 1

Statement:
Any linear bilateral, active two terminal network can be replaced by a equivalent
voltage source (VTH). Thevenin’s voltage or VOC in series with looking back resistance RTH.

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position

Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value of voltage using RPS and note down the corresponding
ammeter readings.

To find VTH
3. Remove the load resistance and measure the open circuit voltage using multimeter
(VTH).

To find RTH
4. To find the Thevenin’s resistance, remove the RPS and short circuit it and find the
RTH using multimeter.
5. Give the connections for equivalent circuit and set VTH and RTH and note the
corresponding ammeter reading.
6. Verify Thevenins theorem.

Theoretical and Practical Values

E(V) VTH(V) RTH() IL (mA)
Circuit - I Equivalent
Circuit
Theoretical

Practical
Circuit - 1 : To find load current

To find VTH

To find RTH

Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit:

Model Calculations:

Result:
Thus Thevenin’s theorem was verified both practically and theoretically.
Experiment No. 3b VERIFICATION OF NORTON’S THEOREM
Date :

Aim:
To verify Norton’s theorem for the given circuit and to determine the load current for
the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Ammeter (0-10mA) MC 1
(0-30mA) MC 1
2 Resistors 330, 1K 3,1
3 RPS (0-30V) 2
4 Bread Board -- 1
5 Wires -- Required

Statement:
Any linear, bilateral, active two terminal network can be replaced by an equivalent
current source (IN) in parallel with Norton’s resistance (RN)

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS and note down the ammeter readings in the original
circuit.

To Find IN:
3. Remove the load resistance and short circuit the terminals.
4. For the same RPS voltage note down the ammeter readings.

To Find RN:
5. Remove RPS and short circuit the terminal and remove the load and note down
the resistance across the two terminals.

Equivalent Circuit:
6. Set IN and RN and note down the ammeter readings.
7. Verify Norton’s theorem.
Circuit - I
To find load current:

To find IN

To find RN

Norton’s equivalent circuit

Theoretical and Practical Values
E IN RN IL (mA)
(volts) (mA) ()
Circuit - I Equivalent
Circuit
Theoretical
Values
Practical
Values

Model Calculations:

Result:
Thus Norton’s theorem was verified both practically and theoretically.
 POST LAB

1. Calculate and compare the total power supplied by source in the original circuit and
Thevenin’s circuit from experimental data.

2. Obtain the Norton’s equivalent circuit from Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.

3. Discuss the relationship of terminal voltage with increase in load resistance.

4. Write Applications of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem.

 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Theoretical calculation 15
3 Conduction of experiment and results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. Write the condition for maximum power transfer in AC circuit.

2. Write the applications of maximum power transfer theorem.

3. What is DRB? Why it is used?

4. What is load matching?

Experiment No. 4 VERIFICATION OF MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER
Date : THEOREM

Aim:
To verify maximum power transfer theorem for the given DC circuit

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (0-30V) 1
2 Voltmeter (0-10V) MC 1
3 Ammeter (0-10mA) MC 1
4 Resistor 1k 4
5 DRB -- 1
6 Multimeter -- 1
7 Bread Board & wires -- Required

Statement:
In a linear, bilateral circuit the maximum power will be transferred to the load when
load resistance is equal to source resistance.

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

Procedure:
Circuit – I
1. Connections are given as per the diagram and set a particular voltage in RPS.
2. Vary RL and note down the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading.
3. Repeat the procedure for different values of RL & Tabulate it.
4. Calculate the power for each value of RL.

To find VTH:
5. Remove the load, and determine the open circuit voltage using multimeter (VTH)

To find RTH:
6. Remove the load and short circuit the voltage source (RPS).
7. Find the looking back resistance (RTH) using multimeter.

Equivalent Circuit:
8. Set VTH using RPS and RTH using DRB and note down the ammeter reading.
9. Calculate the power delivered to the load (RL = RTH)
10. Verify maximum transfer theorem.
Circuit - 1

To find VTH

To find RTH

Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit

Power VS RL

Circuit – I

Sl.No. RL () I (mA) V(V) P=VI (watts)

To find Thevenin’s equivalent circuit

VTH (V) RTH () IL (mA) P (milli watts)

Theoretical
Value

Practical
Values

Model Calculations:
Result:
Thus maximum power theorem was verified both practically and theoretically.
 POSTLAB

1. Discuss the reasons for any discrepancies between the theoretical and experimental
values.

2. Plot the theoretical and experimental values of PL versus RL (on the same graph).

3. Compare the two graphs.

4. Why the voltmeter must be connected in parallel?

 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Theoretical calculation 15
3 Conduction of experiment and results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. Transform a physical voltage source into its equivalent current source.

2. Why reciprocity theorem is not applicable to unilateral circuits?

3. Why it is called as reciprocity theorem?

Experiment No. 5 VERIFICATION OF RECIPROCITY THEOREM
Date :

Aim: To verify the reciprocity theorem for the given circuit.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 RPS (0-30V) 1
2 Ammeter (0-30mA) MC 1
3 Resistor 1k, 470,330 1 each
4 DRB -- 1
5 Bread Board & wires -- Required

Statement:
In any linear, bilateral, single source network, the ratio of response to the excitation is same
even though the positions of excitation and response are interchanged.

Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.

Procedure:
3. Connections are given as per the diagram and set a particular voltage in RPS in
circuit-I.
4. Note down the corresponding ammeter reading.
5. Inter change the position of voltage source and ammeter as shown in the circuit.
6. Set the same voltage in RPS as in circuit-I now in circuit-II and note down the
ammeter reading & tabulate it.
7. Verify reciprocity theorem.

Circuit-I
Circuit-II

Tabular Column:
RPS(E) Theoretical value Practical value
Volts Current Current
(mA) (mA)
Circuit – I I=

Circuit – II I=

Model Calculations:
Result:
Thus reciprocity theorem was verified both practically and theoretically
 POSTLAB

1. What are the limitations of reciprocity theorem?

2. What do you mean by excitation and response?

3. What is transfer resistance or impedance?

 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Circuit simulation 15
3 Results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. Define transients.

2. Derive the transient current expression for the given RL circuit.

3. What is the characteristic time constant for the following circuit given in this
experiment? Take R = 4.7 kΩ, and L = 1 mH.

4. What is PSPICE?
Experiment No. 6 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF RL TRANSIENT CIRCUIT
Date : USING PSPICE

Aim : To determine the transient current and voltage across element through RL series
circuits using PSPICE.

RL TRANSIENT

Given Circuit:

Output:
i) Current i(t) vs time(t)
 ii) Voltage VR Vs time(t)

Result: The transient currents and voltage for the given RL circuit was determined by
simulation using PSPICE.
 POSTLAB

1. Write the procedure for simulating the given circuit using PSPICE.

2. Write the PSPICE coding for the circuit given in this experiment.

3. Draw the voltage across inductor and current through the inductor waveform.
 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Circuit simulation 15
3 Results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. Define time constant for RC circuit.

2. What do you mean by forced and free response?

3. What is the initial condition for voltage across and current through capacitor in the
series RC transient circuit?

4. Derive the transient current expression for the given circuit.

Experiment No. 7 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF RC TRANSIENT CIRCUIT
Date : USING PSPICE

Aim: To determine the transient current and voltage across element for the given RC series
circuit using PSPICE.

RC TRANSIENT
Given Circuit:

Output:
i) Current i(t) vs time(t)
 ii) Voltage VC Vs time(t)

Result: The transient currents and voltage through the given RC circuit were determined by
simulation using PSPICE.
 POSTLAB

1. Draw the current and voltage waveforms of resistor in the given circuit.

2. If the switch remains closed for a long time, what will the value of current in the
given circuit?

3. How much voltage is on the capacitor in the circuit given in this experiment at
t = 15 s?
 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Circuit simulation 15
3 Results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

 PRELAB

1. Derive the expression for resonance frequency in series RLC circuit.

2. When RLC series circuit is said to be at resonance?

3. Write the properties of parallel resonance circuit.

4. Define bandwidth.
Experiment No. 8 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF SERIES AND PARALLEL
Date : RESONANCE CIRCUIT USING PSPICE SOFTWARE.

Aim: To simulate RLC series and parallel resonance circuit using PSPICE.

Given Circuit:
Series resonance circuit:

Parallel resonance circuit:

Voltage and Current curves:

Result:
Thus the series and parallel resonance circuit was simulated using PSPICE software
 DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRMIST, Kattankulathur – 603 203

Sub Code & Name: 15EE103L-ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB

Title of Experiment

Name of the candidate

Register Number
Date of Experiment

S.No. Marks Split up Maximum marks Marks obtained

1 Pre Lab questions 05
2 Circuit simulation 15
3 Results 15
4 Post Lab questions 05
Total 40

Staff Signature with date

Experiment No. 9 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Date : USING PSPICE SIMULATION

Aim: To Simulate the given electric circuit using in PSPICE and to determine the voltage
across and current through the resistors.

KVL and KCL circuit:

Superposition theorem:

With both the sources:

With one source alone:

 With the other source alone:

Thevenin’s theorem:

To find Vth:

PSPICE PROGRAMMING:

EXAMPLE:
Text editor:

* DC circuit
VS 1 0 12V
R1 1 2 10
R2 2 0 1K
R3 2 3 300
R4 3 0 500
.END

The meaning of the lines is

1. * Text File → we need a first line for the file, it can be a title or comment line but should
not be part of the circuit net list.

2. Vs 1 0 12→ Vs means a voltage source, 1 0 are the nodes it is connected between,

and the last 12 is the voltage value. All nodes must be numbered, with 0 = ground node.

3. R1 1 2 10 → R1 means a resistor, 1, 2 are the nodes it is connected between, and 10 is its

value.

Other commands:
•DC Vin 0 12 .1 → • DC means a DC sweep, Vin means Vin is the sweep variable, 0→12 is
the range of the sweep and 0.1 is the sweep increment.
•PROBE calls PROBE to plot the simulation.
A blank plot comes up and the TRACE/ADD menu can be used to select a variable for
display
To run the file, right click the mouse on the •cir file icon to obtain the OPEN WITH/PSPICE
SIMULATOR menu

Result:
Thus the given electric circuits were simulated using PSPICE software.