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2: Equations of Motion
Tutorial 1 Practice, page 19
! ! !
1. (a) Given: vi = 15.0 m/s [forward]; vf = 0 m/s; a = 5.0 m/s 2 [backward]
!
Required: !d
! ! ! !
! v ! vi 1!
Analysis: Use a = f to determine the braking time, !t . Then use !d = vi !t + a!t 2 to
"t 2
determine the braking distance. Choose forward to be the positive direction.
Solution:
v ! vi 1
a= f !d = vi !t + a!t 2
"t 2
v ! vi 1
"t = f = (15.0 m/s)(3.0 s) + ("5.0 m/ s 2 )(3.0 s )2
a 2
0 m/s ! 15.0 m/s = 45.0 m " 22.5 m
=
!5.0 m/s 2
!d = 22 m
"t = 3.0 s
Statement: The motorcycle’s braking distance is 22 m [forward].
(b) Answers may vary. Sample answer: In Sample Problem 2 and part (a), I calculated the
braking distance for a motorcyclist slowing down at 5.0 m/s2. When the initial speed is high, it
takes much longer and a much greater distance to stop, so a speeding vehicle has more difficulty
stopping safely.
! !
2. Given: vi = 0 m/s; !d = 120 m [N]; !t = 15 s
!
Required: a
! ! 1!
Analysis: Use !d = vi !t + a!t 2 to determine the acceleration.
2
1
!d = vi !t + a!t 2
2
1
!d = (0 m/s)!t + a!t 2
2
1
!d = a!t 2
2
2!d
a= 2
!t
Choose north to be the positive direction.
2!d
Solution: a = 2
!t
2(120 m)
=
(15 s)2
a = 1.1 m/s 2
Statement: The runner accelerates at 1.1 m/s2 [N].
1
!d = vi !t + a!t 2
2
1
"10.0 m = (0 m/s)!t + ("1.633 m/s 2 )!t 2
2
("0.8165 m/s )!t + (0 m/s)!t + 10.0 m = 0
2 2
=
( )
0 m/s ± (0 m/s)2 " 4 "0.8165 m/s 2 (10.0 m)
"1.633 m/s 2
!t = 3.5 s
Statement: It would take 3.5 s for an object to fall 10.0 m if g were one-sixth the value of
Earth’s g.
! ! !
3. (a) Given: vi = 12 m/s [down]; !d = 45 m [down]; a = 9.8 m/s 2 [down]
Required: time to fall, !t
1
Analysis: Use up as positive. Use !d = vi !t + a!t 2 to determine !t .
2
1
a!t 2 + vi !t " !d = 0
2
Use the quadratic formula to determine Δt.
#1 &
"vi ± vi2 " 4 % a ( ("!d)
$2 '
!t =
a
The acceleration is known, and the difference in the (squares of the) velocities can be determined
using vf2 = vi2 + 2a!d . The initial velocity of the ball can then be determined.
vf2 = vi2 + 2a!d
vf2 " vi2 = 2a!d
Although it is not usual, for convenience, use down as the positive direction.
2!d
Solution: vi + vf =
!t
2(32 m)
=
1.5 s
vi + vf = 42.67 m/s (two extra digits carried) (Equation 1)
vf2 ! vi2 = 2a"d
( )
= 2 9.8 m/s 2 (32 m)
vf2 ! vi2 = 627.2 (m/s)2 (two extra digits carried) (Equation 2)
The left side of Equation 2 can be used to determine the difference of the speeds.
vf2 ! vi2 = 627.2 (m/s)2
(vf ! vi )(vf + vi ) = 627.2 (m/s)2
(vf ! vi )(42.67 m/s) = 627.2 (m/s)2
vf ! vi = 14.70 m/s (two extra digits carried) (Equation 3)
Finally, use equations 1 and 3 to determine vi .
vf ! vi = 14.70 m/s (Equation 3)
vi ! vf = !14.70 m/s
Then calculate the total displacement using !d = !d1 + !d2 . Continue to use down as the
positive direction.
v 2 " vi2
Solution: !d1 = f !d = !d1 + !d2
2a
= 10 m + 32 m
(14 m/s)2 " (0 m/s)2
= !d = 42 m
2(9.8 m/ s 2 )
!d1 = 10 m
Statement: The ball’s displacement is 42 m [downward].
! !
5. (a) Given: !d = 14 m [up]; !t = 1.1 s; a = 9.8 m/s 2 [down]
!
Required: vi
Analysis: Use up as positive. Calculate the initial velocity using
1
!d = vi !t + a!t 2
2
1
!d " a!t 2
vi = 2
!t
1
!d " a!t 2
Solution: vi = 2
!t
1
14 m " ("9.8 m/s 2 )(1.1 s)2
= 2
1.1 s
14 m + 5.93 m
=
1.1 s
= 18.12 m/s (two extra digits carried)
vi = 18 m/s
Statement: The initial velocity of the keys was 18 m/s [up].
(b) Solutions may vary. Sample answer:
! ! !
Given: !d = 14 m [up]; a = 9.8 m/s 2 [downward]; vi = 18.12 m/s
!
Required: vf
Analysis: Use vf2 = vi2 + 2a!d to determine vf . (Any of the equations containing vf could be
used.)
!
Required: !d
! ! 1!
Analysis: Calculate the displacement using !d = vi !t + a!t 2 . Use forward as the positive
2
direction.
1
Solution: !d = vi !t + a!t 2
2
1
= (0 m/s)(5.2 s) + (4.1 m/ s 2 )(5.2 s) 2
2
!d = 55 m
Statement: The racehorse’s displacement is 55 m [forward].
! !
(b) Given: vi = 0 m/s; !t = 5.2 s; a = 4.1 m/s 2 [forward]
!
Required: vf
vf ! vi
Analysis: Use a = to determine vf :
"t
vf ! vi
a=
"t
vf = vi + a"t
(Any of the equations containing vf could be used.)
Solution: vf = vi + a!t
= 0 m/s + (4.1 m/s 2 )(5.2 s)
vf = 21 m/s
Statement: The horse’s final velocity is 21 m/s [forward].
! ! !
2. (a) Given: vi = 7.72 ! 106 m/s [E]; vf = 2.46 ! 106 m/s [E]; "d = 0.478 m [E]
!
Required: a
Analysis: Use east as the positive direction.
Use vf2 = vi2 + 2a!d to calculate the acceleration:
vf2 = vi2 + 2a!d
vf2 " vi2
a=
2!d