Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Safety sampling
Safety survey
Risk assessment
Safety inspection
Job safety analysis
Hazards and Operability (HAZOP)
Safety audit
“A systematic study, carried out by a team of
persons experienced in aspects of the
topic , using the line by line (or step by
step) application of guidewords to identify
all deviations from the design intent with
undesirable effects for safety, operability or
the environment.”Some “truths” emerge
which are not always appreciated.
HAZOPs concentrate on identifying both
hazards as well as operability problems.
Although hazard identification is the
main focus, operability problems should
be identified to the extent that they
have the potential to lead to process
hazards, result in an environmental
violation or have a negative impact on
profitability.
Hazard - any operation that could possibly
cause a catastrophic release of toxic,
flammable or explosive chemicals or any
action that could result in injury to
personnel.
Operability - any operation inside the design
envelope that would cause a shutdown that
could possibly lead to a violation of
environmental, health or safety regulations
or negatively impact profitability.
HAZOP Study
• Normal operation
water
• maintenance.
Design or Project Engineer
Process Engineer
Commissioning Manager
Instrument Design Engineer
Plant Superintendent
Process Engineer
Maintenance Engineer
Instrument Engineer
Technical Engineer
No or None
More
Less
As well as
Part of
Other than
Reverse
Guide Word Deviation Example Interpretation
NO or NONE No part of the intention is achieved No forward flow when there should be.
MORE Quantitative increase in a physical Higher pressure, flow rate, temperature...
property (rate or total quantity) Quantity of material is too large.
LESS Quantitative decrease in a physical Lower pressure, flow rate, temperature...
property (rate or total quantity) Quantity of material is too small.
MORE THAN All intentions achieved, but with Impurities in flow (air, water, oil...)
or AS WELL AS additional effects (qualitative Chemicals present in more than one phase
increase) (vapour, solid)
PART OF Only some of the intention is One or more components of mixture
achieved (qualitative decrease) missing, or ratio of components is incorrect
OTHER THAN A result other than the intention is Unusual circumstances etc... see next slide
achieved
REVERSE The exact opposite of the intention Reverse flow.
is achieved
• A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram -
P&ID, is a schematic illustration of
functional relationship of
piping, instrumentation and system
equipment components.
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HAZOP STUDY REPORT FORM
HAZOP Study Form
TITLE :
Sheet 1 of
LINE 1 :
Investigate and
Does deviation have plausible
document effects
NO causes and hazardous effects? YES
Using relevant guide works, perform HAZOP study on shell & tube
heat exchanger
Process
fluid
Cooling water
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Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Action
More More cooling flow Failure of cooling Temperature of process Low Temperature
water valve fluid decrease Alarm
More of More pressure on Failure of process Bursting of tube Install high pressure
tube side fluid valve alarm
Corrosion Corrosion of tube Hardness of cooling Less cooling and crack of Proper maintainence
water tube
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Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Action
NONE No cooling water flow Failure of inlet cooling Process fluid temperature is Install
water valve to open not lowered accordingly Temperature
indicator before
and after the
process fluid line
MORE More cooling water Failure of inlet cooling Output of Process fluid Install
flow water valve to close temperature too low Temperature
indicator before
and after process
fluid line
Install TAL
LESS Less cooling water Pipe leakage Process fluid temperature too Installation of
low flow meter
REVERSE Reverse process fluid Failure of process fluid Product off set Install check
flow inlet valve valve (whether it
is crucial have to
check?)
CONTAMINATION Process fluid Contamination in cooling Outlet temperature too low Proper
contamination water maintenance and
operator alert
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