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D f i i bl di d b f il f i th t
transmitted by mosquitoes.
Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within
the genus Aedes, principally A. aegypti.
The virus has four different types; infection with one type usually
The virus has four different types; infection with one type usually
gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short‐term immunity
to the others
Also known as Break‐Bone Fever, due to intense Joint & Muscle pain.
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FFactors that put you at greater risk of developing dengue fever or a more severe form of
t th t t t t i k fd l i d f f f
the disease include:
Prior infection with a dengue fever virus
Previous infection with a dengue fever virus increases your risk of having severe
symptoms if you're
symptoms if you re infected a second time. This is especially true for children.
infected a second time. This is especially true for children.
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Dengue Fever (DF) is an acute febrile illness of 2‐7 days duration (sometimes with two
peaks) with two or more of the following manifestations:
Headache In children, DF is usually mild.
Retro‐orbital pain In some adults, DF may be the classic
Myalgia / Arthralgia incapacitating disease with severe bone
Rash pain and recovery may be associated
pain and recovery may be associated
Haemorrhagic manifestation with prolonged fatigue and depression
(petechiae) and
Leucopenia
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M di l hi
Medical history
t / symptoms
t
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Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Initial stages of the disease resembles symptoms of dengue fever
However fever subsidies after 2 to 7 days followed by signs and symptoms of
Restlessness
Signs of circulatory failure
Bleeding or hemorrhagic manifestations including:
Skin bleeds that appear as blotchy red patches called – Petechiae
Bleeding from Nose or Epistaxis
Bleeding from gums
Bleeding from Stomach ‐ appearing as blood in the vomit
Decrease in the blood platelet count (Thrombocytopenia)
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) All the above criteria of DHF plus signs of circulatory
failure manifested by rapid and weak pulse, narrow pulse pressure (< or equal to 20
mmHg); hypotension for age cold and clammy skin and restlessness
mmHg); hypotension for age, cold and clammy skin and restlessness.
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Dengue fever is usually a self‐limited illness
There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for dengue fever
Drink plenty of fluids to avoid
p y Medicines ((Acetaminophen) can
p )
dehydration from vomiting and alleviate pain and reduce fever
high fever
Avoid pain relievers that can increase bleeding complications — such as aspirin & ibuprofen
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Bed rest is recommended for patients See your Doctor
with symptomatic dengue fever,
dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue
shock syndrome
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If h d f d
If you have severe dengue fever, you may need:
Supportive care in a hospital
Intravenous (IV) fluid and electrolyte replacement
( ) y p
Blood pressure monitoring
Transfusion to replace blood loss
Patients who develop signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever warrant closer
observation
Admission for intravenous fluid administration is indicated for patients
who develop signs of dehydration, such as the following:
Tachycardia Altered mental status
Cool or mottled skin Decreased urine output
Diminished pulse amplitude Hypotension
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There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever
The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes,
particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area
To protect yourself:
Use mosquito repellents, even indoors
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When outdoors, wear long‐sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks
When indoors, use air conditioning if available
, g
Make sure window and door screens are secure and free of holes
If l
If sleeping areas are not screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets
i t d i diti d it t
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T
To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed
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These include old tyres, cans or flower pots that collect rain
If someone in your home gets dengue fever, be especially vigilant about efforts to
protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite
the infected family member could spread the infection to others in your home.
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