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AUG. 15 2011

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 15 2011

Electrical Safety

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Electrical Safety Hazard

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Electric Shock

Electrical Shock is considered the biggest safety

hazard associated with doing electrical work.

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Effect of Electric Shock on Human Beings

Factors that determine the seriousness of an electrical shock

• Path of electric current through the body

• Amount of current
• Time the current is flowing
• Human body’s electrical resistance

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Stages as to the effect of a current flow through the human body

• Perception – tingling (about 1mA)

• Let-go threshold level – (about 10mA)
• Non-let-go threshold level – (about 16mA)
• Constriction of the thoracic muscles – death
by asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation –
(about 70 to 100mA)

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Electro-cardiogram

QRS – normal pumping action

T -- rest phase (about 150ms)
Death may occur if a current flow
at fibrillation level at this 150ms
period

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Resistance graph of human body

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Burns

An electrical burn is sometimes a result of getting an electrical sock.

Arc Burn
• This type of burn is not a result of electrical shock but rather a result of electrical equipment
malfunction and causing extremely high temperature area around the arc.

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Arc Blast
• When an arc occurs, there is a blast that causes molten metal to be thrown through the air and unto the skin or
into the eyes of an electrical worker.
• The arc itself and the pieces of molten metal that it produces can reach temperature as high as 19,000°C.

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Electrical Safety
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AUG. 20 2011

Thank
You for listening!
Let’s study Personal Safety Protection...
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Electrical Safety
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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Personal Safety Protection

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Electrical Safety Indoors

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Electrical Safety Outdoors

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Personal Protective Equipments

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Flash Hoods

Rubber gloves with leather protectors and

thermally resistant gloves
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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Work Clothing
When to Use Thermally Protective Work Uniforms. Thermally protective work uniforms
should be required for all workers who are routinely exposed to the possibility of electric
arc and/or flash. This applies especially to workers in the industries which have the added
hazard of flash fire. At a minimum, all employees who are routinely exposed to 480 V and
higher should use the thermally protective materials.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Flash Suits

Using Flash Suits. Flash suits should be

worn anytime the worker works inside the
flash boundary. Flash suits should always
be used in conjunction with adequate
head, eye, and hand protection. Note that
all workers in the vicinity of the arc
potential should be wearing a flash suit.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

FLASH SUITS
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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

HEAD AND EYE PROTECTION

• Hard Hats. In addition to wearing protection from falling objects and other blows,
electrical workers should be equipped with and should wear hard hats that provide
electrical insulating capabilities

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Electrical Safety
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CLASSIFICATION OF HARD HATS

1. Class G hard hats are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and to
reduce the danger of contact with exposed low-voltage conductors. They are prooftested
by the manufacturer at 2200 V phase-to-ground.

2. Class E hard hats are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and to
reduce the danger of contact with exposed high-voltage conductors. They are prooftested
by the manufacturer at 20,000 V phase-to-ground.

3. Class C hard hats are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects. They offer
no electrical protection.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

•Safety Glasses, Goggles, and Face Shields

The plasma cloud and molten metal

created by an electric arc are projected at
high velocity by the blast. If the plasma or Safety Glass
molten metal enters the eyes, the
Safety
extremely high temperature will cause
injury and possibly permanent blindness. Goggle
Electrical workers exposed to the possibility
of electric arc and blast should be equipped
with and should wear eye protection.

Flash suit face shields will provide excellent

face protection from molten metal and the
plasma cloud. Goggles which reduce the
ultraviolet light intensity are also
recommended.

Face Shield
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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

RUBBER-INSULATING EQUIPMENT

Rubber-insulating equipment
includes rubber gloves, sleeves, line
hose, blankets, covers, and mats.
Employees should use such
equipment when working in an area
where the hazard of electric shock
exists. This means anytime
employees are working on or near
an energized, exposed conductor,
they should be using rubber-
insulating equipment.

Rubber goods provide an insulating

shield between the worker and the
energized conductors. This
insulation will save the workers’
lives should they accidently contact
the conductor.

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Electrical Safety
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RUBBER GLOVES
Description. A complete rubber glove assembly is composed of a minimum of two
parts— the rubber glove itself and a leather protective glove. In service, the leather
protector fits over the outside of the rubber glove and protects it from physical damage
and puncture. Sometimes the glove set will include a sheer, cotton insert that serves to
absorb moisture and makes wearing the gloves more pleasant.

When to Use Rubber Gloves. Rubber gloves and their leather protectors should be worn any time
there is danger of injury due to contact between the hands and energized parts of the power system.
Rubber gloves should also be worn anytime a worker’s hands are closer to an energized conductor
than the distance specified by the restricted approach boundary.

When to Use Leather Protectors. Leather protectors should always be used over rubber gloves to
provide mechanical protection for the insulating rubber. Furthermore, leather protectors should
never be used for any purpose other than protecting rubber gloves.
Sometimes the need for additional dexterity may require that the leather protectors not be used.
The various industry standards allow such an application in only three situations.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Rubber Mats

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Electrical Safety
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Rubber Mats
Description. Rubber mats are used to cover and insulate floors for personnel protection.
Rubber insulating mats should not be confused with the rubber matting used to help
prevent slips and falls. This type of mat is sold by many commercial retail outlets and is
not intended for electrical insulation purposes. Rubber insulating mats will be clearly
marked and labeled as such.

Insulating rubber matting has a smooth, corrugated, or diamond design on one surface
and may be backed with fabric. The back of the matting may be finished with cloth
imprint or other slip-resistant material.

When to Use Rubber Mats. Employers should use rubber mats in areas where there is an ongoing
possibility of electric shock. Because permanently installed rubber mats are subject to damage,
contamination, and embedding of foreign materials, they should not be relied upon as the sole or
primary source of electrical insulation.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Rubber Blankets
Description. Rubber blankets are rubber insulating devices that are used to cover
conductive surfaces, energized or otherwise. They come in a variety of sizes and are used
anytime employees are working in areas where they may be exposed to energized
conductors.

When to Use Rubber Blankets. Rubber blankets should be used anytime there is danger of injury
due to contact between any part of the body and energized parts of the power system. Rubber
blankets may be used to cover switchgear, lines, buses, or concrete floors. They differ from mats
because they are not permanently installed

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Rubber Covers
Description. Rubber covers are rubber insulating devices that are used to cover specific
pieces of equipment to protect workers from accidental contact. They include several
classes of equipment such as insulator hoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors,
cable end covers, and miscellaneous covers. Rubber covers are molded and shaped to fit
the equipment for which they are intended.

When to Use Rubber Covers. Rubber covers should be

used anytime there is danger of an injury due to
contact between any part of the body and energized
parts of the power system.

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Electrical Safety
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Line Hose

Description. Rubber insulating line hoses are portable devices used to cover exposed
power lines and protect workers from accidental contact. Line hose segments are molded
and shaped to completely cover the line to which they are affixed.
When to Use Rubber Line Hose. Rubber line hose should be used any time personnel are working on
or close to energized lines or lines that could be energized.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Rubber Sleeves

Description. Rubber sleeves are worn by workers

to protect their arms and shoulders from contact
with exposed energized conductors. They fit over
the arms and complement the rubber gloves to
provide complete protection for the arms and
hands. They are especially useful when work must
be performed in a cramped environment.

When to Use Rubber Sleeves. Rubber sleeves

should be used any time personnel are working
on or close to energized lines or lines that could
be energized. They should be considered any
time rubber gloves are being worn and should
be required for anyone working around or
reaching through energized conductors.

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Electrical Safety
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Hot Sticks

Hot sticks are poles made of an insulating material.

They have tools and/or fittings on the ends which
allow workers to manipulate energized conductors
and equipment from a safe distance. Hot sticks vary in
length depending on the voltage level of the
energized equipment and the work to be performed.
Modern hot sticks are made of fiberglass and/or
epoxiglass. Older designs were made of wood which
was treated and painted with chemical-, moisture-,
and temperature- resistant materials.

When to Use Hot Sticks. Hot sticks should be used to

insulate and isolate the electrician from the
possibility of electric shock, arc, or blast.

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Electrical Safety
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Insulated Tools

Insulated tools are standard hand tools with a

complete covering of electrical insulation. Every
part of the tool is fully insulated. Only the
minimum amount of metallic work surface is left
exposed. Such tools are used to prevent shock or
arc in the event that the worker contacts the
energized conductor.
When to Use. Insulated tools should be used anytime work is
being performed on or near exposed, energized conductors. They
should be inspected before each use.
Whenever work is being performed which requires the temporary
removal of normal protective barriers such as panels or doors,
barriers and signs should be used to warn personnel of the hazard.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Barrier and Signs

Whenever work is being performed which requires the temporary removal of normal
protective barriers such as panels or doors, barriers and signs should be used to warn
personnel of the hazard.
Barrier tape is a continuous length of abrasion-resistant plastic tape. It should be a
minimum of 2 in wide and should be marked or colored to clearly indicate the nature of the
hazard to which employees will be exposed if they cross the tape line.

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Electrical Safety
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Signs
Warning signs should be of standardized design and easily read. They should be placed in
such a way to warn personnel of imminent hazard.

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Electrical Safety
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Safety Tags, Locks, and Locking Devices

Safety tags, locks, and locking devices are used to secure and mark equipment that has
been taken out of service. They are applied in such a way that the equipment cannot be
reenergized without first removing the tags and/or locks.
Safety tags are applied to equipment to
indicate that the equipment is not available
for service. They are tags constructed of a
durable, environment-proof material. They
should be of standardized construction and
include a warning that says Do Not Start, Do
Not Open, Do Not Close, Do Not Operate, or
other such warning. The tag must also
indicate who placed it on the equipment and
the nature of the problem with the
equipment.

Tags are to be applied using strong, self-

locking fasteners. Nylon cable wraps are
suitable for such an application. The fastener
must have a breaking strength of not less
than 50 lb.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Locks and Multiple-Lock Devices

Locks are used to prevent operation of equipment that has been de-energized. They must
be strong enough to withstand all but the most forceful attempts to remove them without
the proper key. If a lock can be removed by any means other than a bolt cutter or the key
that fits it, the lock should not be used.

Multiple-Lock Devices. Sometimes several workers will need to place a lock on

one piece of equipment. This often happens when several crafts are working
in the area secured by the lock. In these circumstances, a multiple-lock device
is used. To lock out a piece of equipment, the multiple-lock device is first
opened and applied as though it were a padlock. Then the padlock is inserted
through one of the holes in the device. The padlock prevents opening of the
multiple-lock device which, in turn, prevents operation of the equipment.

When/Where to Use Lockout Tagout. Equipment should be locked out and

tagged out when it is being serviced or maintained and an unexpected start-
up could injure personnel who are working in the area. Thus tags and locks
should be placed anytime an employee is exposed to contact with parts of
the equipment which have been de-energized.
The locks and tags must be applied to all sources of power for the affected
equipment. They must be applied in such a way that the equipment cannot
be reenergized without first removing the locks and/or tags.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Voltage-Measuring Instruments

Proximity Testers. Proximity testers do not require actual metal-to-metal contact to

measure the voltage, or lack of voltage, in a given part of the system. They rely on the
electrostatic field established by the electric potential to indicate the presence of voltage.
Proximity testers will indicate voltage levels through insulation. They may not provide
accurate results when cable is shielded.
Proximity testers are not accurate and do not indicate the actual level of the voltage that is
present. Rather they indicate the presence of voltage by the illumination of a light and/or
the sounding of a buzzer.

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Electrical Safety
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Contact Testers. Some personnel prefer the use of testers which make actual metal-to-
metal contact with the circuit being energized. Such instruments are called contact testers.
Contact testers may be simple indicators, but more often they are equipped with an analog
or digital meter which indicates actual voltage level.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters

Operating Principles
Ground fault circuit interrupters are set to trip when the current difference between the hot
lead and the neutral lead differ by more than 5 ±1 mA. They open typically in less than 25
milliseconds.

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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Human Safety is on Top Priority

Remember… Electricity
is a good buddy but
a bad Enemy!

So keep protected
Thank You!
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Electrical Safety
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FEB. 20 2011

Let’s have our Final Exam on next meeting…

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Electrical Safety