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𝑀𝑢 = 40.5𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
𝑓´𝑐 = 210𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 = 4200𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑟 = 6𝑐𝑚
Solución
𝑀𝑢 = 40.5𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
𝑡
𝑀𝑢𝑡 = ∅𝑥 0.85 𝑥𝑓´𝑐 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑡(𝑑 − )
2
𝑀𝑢𝑡 = 0.9 𝑥0.85 𝑥 210 𝑥100𝑥10(44 − 5) 𝑀𝑢𝑡 = 62.65𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
62.65𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚 > 40.5𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚 1°𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒
Tanteo con 5cm
𝑀𝑢 40.5 𝑥 105
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 25.82 𝑐𝑚2
5
∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2) 0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (44 − )
2
𝐴𝑠 𝑥𝑓𝑦 25.82 𝑥 4200
𝑎= = = 6.07𝑐𝑚
0.85 𝑥 𝑓´𝑐 𝑥 𝐵 0.85 𝑥 210 𝑥 100
Tanteo con 6.15cm
40.5 𝑥 105
𝐴𝑠 = = 26.18𝑐𝑚2
6.15
0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (44 − 2 )
26.18 ∗ 4200
𝑎= = 6.16𝑐𝑚
0.85 𝑥 210 𝑥 100
Diseño
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐴𝑠 = 26.18𝑐𝑚2 𝑆𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟓∅𝟏"
Chequeo falla sub reforzada
6000 6000
𝜌𝑏 = 𝛽1 ( ) 𝑥44 = 0.85 ( ) 𝑥44 = 22𝑐𝑚
6000 + 4200 6000 + 4200
210
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝑥 𝑥 ((100𝑥10) + (22 − 10)25) = 55.25𝑐𝑚2
4200
3
𝐴𝑠 ≤ 𝐴𝑠 < 41.44𝑐𝑚2
4(55.25)
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂 𝑻 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒃 − 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒛𝒂𝒅𝒂.
Solución
𝑙𝑛 4.60
𝑏≤ = = 1.15𝑚
4 4
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑠𝑛 = 0.35 + 3.0 = 3.35𝑚
𝑏 ≤ 16ℎ𝑓 + 𝑏𝑤 = 16𝑥0.10 + 0.35 = 1.95𝑚
𝐿 5
𝑏≤ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = = 1.25𝑚 = 125𝑐𝑚
4 4
𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤
≤ 8ℎ𝑓 : 𝑏 = 16ℎ𝑓 + 𝑏𝑤 = 16 𝑥 7.5 + 25 = 145𝑐𝑚
2
𝑏 − 𝑏𝑤 𝑙𝑛
≤ ; 𝑏 = ln +𝑏𝑤 = 120 + 25 = 145𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑏 = 1.25𝑚𝑡𝑠
2 Verificamos el comportamiento de la viga:
PRIMER CASO:
𝑀𝑢1 5 2
𝑏 = 125𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 34𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 = 7.5𝑐𝑚 ; 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = 28𝑥 10 /(0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (34 − 0.5(7.5)) = 24.49𝑐𝑚
∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
𝐴𝑠 24.49 𝜌(𝑓𝑦) 0.0058𝑥4200 1.18𝑞𝑑 34
𝜌= = = 0.0058; 𝑞 = = = 0.1152 𝑐 = = 1.18 𝑥0.1152𝑥 = 5.4391𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑑 125 𝑥 34 𝑓´𝑐 210 𝛽1 0.85
0.85𝑥𝑓´𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 0.85𝑥210𝑥125𝑥4.3836 1
𝐴𝑠 = = = 23.29𝑐𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 3∅ 1 " = 23.76𝑐𝑚2 𝑎 = 4.47𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑦 4200 4
𝑎 4.3836
𝑀𝑢𝑟1 = ∅ (𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )) = 0.9 (23.29𝑥4200 (34 − )) = 28.6𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2 2
SEGUNDO CASO
𝑀𝑢1 5 2
𝑏 = 125𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 34𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 = 7.5𝑐𝑚 ; 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = 42𝑥 10 /(0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (34 − 0.5(7.5)) = 36.73𝑐𝑚
∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
𝐴𝑠 36.73 𝜌(𝑓𝑦) 0.0086𝑥4200 1.18𝑞𝑑 34
𝜌= = = 0.0086; 𝑞 = = = 0.1729 𝑐 = = 1.18 𝑥0.1729𝑥 = 8.1586𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑑 125 𝑥 34 𝑓´𝑐 210 𝛽1 0.85
ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝑓 = ∅ (𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )) = 0.9𝑥(31.88𝑥4200(34 − 0.5(7.5)) = 32.8𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2
0.85𝑥𝑓´𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 0.85𝑥210𝑥125𝑥8.533
𝐴𝑠 = = = 9.067𝑐𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 2∅ 1" = 10.14𝑐𝑚2 𝑎 = 9.5435𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑦 4200
𝑎 9.5435
𝑀𝑢𝑤 = ∅ (𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )) = 0.9 (10.14𝑥4200 (31 − )) = 10.05𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2 2
TERCER CASO:
𝑀𝑢1 5 2
𝑏 = 125𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 34𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 = 7.5𝑐𝑚 ; 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = 28𝑥 10 /(0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (34 − 0.5(7.5)) = 24.49𝑐𝑚
∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
0.85𝑥𝑓´𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 0.85𝑥210𝑥125𝑥11.35 1
𝐴𝑠 = = = 12.06𝑐𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 2∅1" 1∅ 1 " = 12.99𝑐𝑚2 𝑎 = 12.23𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑦 4200 4
𝑎 12.23
𝑀𝑢𝑟1 = ∅ (𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )) = 0.9 (12.99𝑥4200 (32 − )) = 12.7𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2 2
SOLUCIÓN
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 6ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 20 + 6𝑥15 = 110𝑐𝑚
𝑠 300
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 20 + = 170𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝐿𝑛 900
𝑏≤ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = = 75𝑐𝑚
12 12
Usar 𝑏 = 75𝑐𝑚
Verificamos el comportamiento de la viga
CASO 1
𝑑 𝑀𝑢 42 𝑥105
𝑏 = 75𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 34𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = = 6.8𝑐𝑚 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 36.31𝑐𝑚2
5 ∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) 0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (0.9 ∗ 34)
2
𝐴𝑠 36.31 𝜌𝑓𝑦 4200 1.18𝑞𝑑 34
𝜌= = = 0.014 𝑞= = 0.014 𝑥 = 0.284 𝑐 = = 1.18𝑥0.284 𝑥 = 13.4048𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑑 75𝑥34 𝑓´𝑐 210 𝛽1 0.85
0.5 𝑀𝑢
2(𝑀𝑢) 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑎 = 𝑑 − (𝑑2 − ) ∅ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 0.5𝑎)
0.85∅𝑓´𝑐𝑏
0.5
2
2 𝑥 42 𝑥 105
𝑎 = 34 − (34 − ) = 12.579𝑐𝑚
0.85 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 210 ∗ 75
0.85 𝑥 210 𝑥 75 𝑥 12.579
𝐴𝑠 = = 40.09𝑐𝑚2 = 𝟒∅𝟏 𝟏/𝟖" = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝒄𝒎𝟐
4200
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅(𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 0.9 𝑥 40.2 𝑥 42 (34 − 0.5(12.579)) = 42.10𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2
SOLUCIÓN
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 6ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 20 + 6𝑥10 = 80𝑐𝑚
𝑠 300
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 20 + = 170𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝐿𝑛 600
𝑏≤ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = = 50𝑐𝑚
12 12
Usar 𝑏 = 50𝑐𝑚
Verificamos el comportamiento de la viga
CASO 1
𝑑 𝑀𝑢 30 𝑥105
𝑏 = 50𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 55𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = = 11𝑐𝑚 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 25.36𝑐𝑚2
5 ∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) 0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (0.9 ∗ 34)
2
𝐴𝑠 25.36 𝜌𝑓𝑦 4200 1.18𝑞𝑑 55
𝜌= = = 0.009 𝑞= = 0.009 𝑥 = 0.135 𝑐 = = 1.18𝑥0.135 𝑥 = 10.31𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑑 50𝑥55 𝑓´𝑐 280 𝛽1 0.85
ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑢𝑓 = ∅ (𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )) = 0.9𝑥(11.33𝑥4200(55 − 0.5(10)) = 21.41𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2
0.5 𝑀𝑢
2(𝑀𝑢) 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑎 = 𝑑 − (𝑑2 − ) ∅ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 0.5𝑎)
0.85∅𝑓´𝑐𝑏
0.5
2 𝑥 8.59 𝑥 105
2
𝑎 = 55 − (55 − ) = 14.78𝑐𝑚
0.85 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 280 ∗ 50
0.85 𝑥 280 𝑥 20 𝑥 14.78
𝐴𝑠 = = 16.75𝑐𝑚2 2∅1 1/8"+2∅5/8" = 16.78𝑐𝑚2
4200
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅(𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 0.9 𝑥 16.78 𝑥 42 (55 − 0.5(14.78)) = 30.20𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2
SOLUCIÓN
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 6ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 25 + 6𝑥10 = 85𝑐𝑚
𝑠 300
𝑏 ≤ 𝑏𝑤 + 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = 25 + = 175𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝐿𝑛 600
𝑏≤ 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑏 = = 50𝑐𝑚
12 12
Usar 𝑏 = 50𝑐𝑚
Verificamos el comportamiento de la viga
CASO 1
𝑑 𝑀𝑢 20 𝑥105
𝑏 = 50𝑐𝑚 𝑑 = 45𝑐𝑚 𝑎 = = 9𝑐𝑚 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑎 = = 13.06𝑐𝑚2
5 ∅𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) 0.9 𝑥 4200 𝑥 (0.9 ∗ 45)
2
𝐴𝑠 13.06 𝜌𝑓𝑦 4200 1.18𝑞𝑑 45
𝜌= = = 0.0058 𝑞= = 0.006 𝑥 = 0.12 𝑐 = = 1.18𝑥0.12 𝑥 = 7.49𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑑 50𝑥45 𝑓´𝑐 210 𝛽1 0.85
0.5 𝑀𝑢
2(𝑀𝑢) 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑎 = 𝑑 − (𝑑2 − ) ∅ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 0.5𝑎)
0.85∅𝑓´𝑐𝑏
0.5
2
2 𝑥 20 𝑥 105
𝑎 = 45 − (45 − ) = 5.92𝑐𝑚
0.85 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 210 ∗ 50
0.85 𝑥 210 𝑥 50𝑥 5.92
𝐴𝑠 = = 12.58𝑐𝑚2 = 𝟐∅𝟏+2∅1/2 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟖𝒄𝒎𝟐
4200
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅(𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 0.9 𝑥 12.68 𝑥 42 (45 − 0.5(5.92)) = 20.14𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
2
Analizaremos y diseñaremos una losa aligerada de cuatro crujías que
responde al metrado que se adjunta se utilizan los materiales conocidos
f´c=210kg/cm2 y fy=4200kg/cm2 el extremo A se apoya sobre una viga 0.25 y
el apoyo B sobre una viga de 0.30, y el apoyo C sobre una viga 0.30, el apoyo
D sobre una viga 0.30 y el apoyo E sobre una viga 0.25.
Carga Viva=500.00kg/m2
Determinación de la carga ultima:
𝑊𝑢 = 1.5(𝑊𝑙) + 1.8(𝑊𝑑)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.5 𝑥580 + 1.8 𝑥 500
𝑊𝑢 = 1770𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
Especificación Peso
Peso propio losa e= 25 cm. 380.00 kg/m2
Peso piso terminado 100.00 Kg/m2
Peso de tabiquería 100.00 kg/m2
Peso Muerto Total 580.00 kg/m2
𝐷𝑂𝑁𝐷𝐸:
𝑀 = 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝑊𝑢 = 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑢𝑧
𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
RELACIÓN DE LUCES
Tramo A-C
𝟒. 𝟓𝟎
𝑹= = 𝟏. 𝟏
𝟒. 𝟎𝟎
Tramo B-C
𝟒. 𝟐𝟎
𝑹= = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓
𝟒. 𝟎𝟎
Tramo D-E
𝟒. 𝟐𝟎
𝑹= = 𝟏. 𝟏
𝟑. 𝟖𝟎
Coeficientes ACI
PROMEDIO DE LUCES
𝐴𝑃𝑂𝑌𝑂 𝐴 = 4.50𝑚
4.5+4.0
𝐴𝑃𝑂𝑌𝑂 𝐵 = = 4.25𝑚
2
4.00+4.20
𝐴𝑃𝑂𝑌𝑂 𝐶 = = 4.10𝑚
2
4.20+3.80
𝐴𝑃𝑂𝑌𝑂 𝐷 = = 4.00𝑚
2
𝐴𝑃𝑂𝑌𝑂 𝐸 = 3.80𝑚
MOMENTOS NEGATIVOS:
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.50𝑚)2
𝑀𝐴 = = 597.375 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 0.60𝑡𝑜 − 𝑚
24
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.25𝑚)2
𝑀𝐵 = = 1278.825𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 1.28𝑡𝑜𝑛 − 𝑚
10
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.10)2
𝑀𝑐 = = 1081.953𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 1.08𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
11
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.0)2
𝑀𝐷 = = 1132.8𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 1.13𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
10
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (3.8)2
𝑀𝐸 = = 425.98𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 0.43𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
24
MOMENTOS POSITIVOS:
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.50𝑚)2
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = 1303.363𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 1.30𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
11
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥 (4.00𝑚)2
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = 708 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 0.71𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
16
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥(4.20𝑚)2
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = = 780.57𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 0.78𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
16
𝑘𝑔
708 𝑚 𝑥(3.80𝑚)2
𝑀𝐷𝐸 = = 929.41 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 = 0.93𝑡𝑛 − 𝑚
11
DATOS
fy=4200kg/cm2
f´c=210kg/cm2
h=25cm
b=10cm
d=22cm
a=d/5=4.4cm
φ=0.9 (flexión)
0.5 𝑀𝑢
2(𝑀𝑢)
2
𝑎 = 𝑑 − (𝑑 − ) 𝐴𝑠 =
0.85∅𝑓´𝑐𝑏 ∅ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 0.5𝑎)
Para 𝑀𝐷 = 113280𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 3.48𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 1.48𝑐𝑚2
Para 𝑀𝐸 = 42598𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 1.24𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 0.53𝑐𝑚2
Calculo de área de aceros positivos en los tramos
Para 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 130336.3𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 4.06𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 1.73𝑐𝑚2
Para 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 70800𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 2.103𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 0.89𝑐𝑚2
Para 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 78057𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 2.332𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 0.99𝑐𝑚2
Para 𝑀𝐷𝐸 = 92941𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚
𝑎 = 2.809𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 1.19𝑐𝑚2