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Glass

 Fibre  Reinforced  Plas2c    (GFRP)


 Reinforcement  for  Applica2on  in  
Reinforced  Concrete  Structures

- Durability for the future -

www.firep.com
CONCRETE  -­‐
ONE  OF  THE  OLDEST  BUT  STILL  
MOST  COMMON  BUILDING  MATERIAL

Nowadays  most  of  all  construc5ons  worldwide  are  conducted  and  


built  by  use  of  reinforced  concrete.
Therefore  steel  and  especially  concrete  steel  have  been  and  will  be  
the  most  common  reinforcement  material  for  concrete  structures.

source: www.beton.org
The  main  advantages  of  steel-­‐reinforced  concrete  are:  
    Transfer  of  high  compressive  loads  by  the  concrete
    High  tensile  loads  by  the  steel
    Free  design  with  wide  range  of  applica5ons

However  it  must  be  realized  that  under  certain  condi5ons  steel  
reinforcement  reaches  technical  limits.
A  strongly  increasing  problem  is  steel  corrosion.  
Corrosion  of  steel  is  a  constant  and  elementary  process  and  occurs   Fair  faced  concrete
even  in  concrete  structures  if  structures  are  exposed  to  wind  and  weather  and  especially  
water,  like  bridges,  pavements,  waterways.

Corrosion  in  steel  leads  directly  to  damage  of  


the  concrete  structures  when  the  volume  of  
steel  increases  during  oxida5on  and  parts  of  
concrete  spalls  star5ng  near  surface  of  
structures.
source: www.cuvednfr.com

The  quality  and  strength  of  the  structure  will  


be  reduced  significantly  as  well  as  the  quality  
of  life  in  built  environment  when  the  
appearance  is  vi5ated  considerably  e.  g.  by  
rusty  traces  on  surfaces  followed  by  split  
surface  with  opened  reinforcement  structure.
Damaged  bridge  pillar

Already  in  2002  a  research  confessed  that  the  annual  costs  of  repair  and  
maintenance  of  the  European  infrastructure  –  as  a  result  of  damage  -­‐  associated  
with  corrosion  on  reinforcement  –  is  around  30  Billion  Euros  and  the  repair  costs  
can  be  twice  as  high  as  the  original  costs  for  design  and  construc5on.
(source:  EUREKA  Project  2878  CurvedNFR).  Today  more  than  100  Bill  Euros  annual  
costs  must  be  invested  world  wide.  
NEW  REINFORCEMENT  FOR    EXTENDED  APPLICATION  -­‐
FEATURES  OF  FiReP®  REBAR

FiReP®  REBAR  offers environment  friendly  solu5ons  and  provides  significant  reduc5on  of  repair  and  
maintenance  costs.
FiReP®  REBAR  is  a  system  with  new  func5ons  allowing  widely  extended  applica5ons.
FiReP®  REBAR  is  a  non  metallic  reinforcement  system  in  form  of  bars  and  bended  parts,  comparable  to  
steel  but  based  on  fibre  reinforced  polymers.
Highly  resistant  glass  fibres,  embedded  in  a  diffusion  5ght  resin  matrix  of  a  specified  vinyl  ester,  
guarantee  long  life  applica5on  even  in  extreme  environments.

BENEFITS

High  corrosion  resistance  for  permanent  


applica2on

 FiReP®  REBAR  is  highly  resistant  against    acid  and  


alkaline  aXack,  rock  waters,  salt  and    contaminated  
waters.  Carbona5on,  emissions    and    other  
influences  don’t  harm  this  FRP  Rebar  system.

Cut  &  polished  fibres  under  microscope1

Con2nuously  profiled  surface

 In  the  primary  produc5on  process  a  semi-­‐waved  


strong  profile  is  applied  ini5ally    onto  the  surface  
which  a\er  curing  offers  a  closed  and  protected  
surface  without  cu]ng  of  outer  fibres,  not  
disconnec5ng  the    flux  of  force  in  FiReP®  REBAR.

Sealed  surface  

Addi5onally  the  surfaces  of  FiReP®  REBAR  


reinforcement  products  get  a  hap5cal    protec5on  
by  covering  with  the  same  matrix    resin  –  this  
sealing  protects  skin  against  any  irrita5ons  and  the  
surface  against  damage    during  handling  and  
assembling.
Scheme  of  fibre  orienta2on
NEW  REINFORCEMENT  FOR    EXTENDED  APPLICATION  -­‐
FEATURES  OF  FiReP®  REBAR

Proper  bonding  to  concrete


               
The  uncut  and  sealed  top  fibres  in  form  of    s5ff  
waves  deliver  a  high  bearing  capacity  for  excellent  
bonding  in  any  concrete  structures    acc.  to  special  
rulings,  accordingly  to  related  rib    surface  of  
concrete  steel.  

High  tensile  strength

High  quality  glass  filaments,  condi5oned  and    


treated  in  unique  processing  and  their  
  embedment  into  a  high  performance  
resin    is  the  base  for  high  tensile  strength  and    
longevity.

Low  weight

Due  to  the  low  density  of  glass  and  resin  FiReP®    
REBAR  products  show  a  density,  which  reaches    just  
30%  of  the  density  of  steel  however  delivers    3.5   Stess-­‐strain-­‐behaviour  FRP  vs  steel
5mes  more  length  per  ton  FRP  material  in  
comparison  to  steel.

Magne2c  neutrality  /  an2magne2c

This  magne5c  neutrality  allows  special  applica5ons  


without  any  affect  by  magne5c    fields.  Any  
magne5c  can  be    avoided  even  in  strong  magne5c  
fields.  
Reinforcement  of  airport  apron

No  Electrical  conduc2vity  

The  rod  material  and  its  surface  is  a  nearly     perfect  


electrical  isolator  which  will  not  be  affected  by  even  
higher  voltage.  A  certain    sta5c  charge  is  possible.  
Op5onally    a    special  coa5ng  can  be  applied  reducing  
the  electrical  resistance  at  surface  acc.  to  ATEX  direc5ve  
avoiding  any  sparks  in  explosive  environment.

Support  structure  for  solar  panels


FEATURES  OF  FiReP®  REBAR

Thermal  behaviour

The  FiReP®  REBAR  products  which  are  manufactured  


in  a  modified  unique  pultrusion  process  show  

Source:  www.energynet.de
predominant  uni-­‐direc5onal  oriented  fibres.    The  
rebar  shows  different  thermal  expansion  factors  for  
axial  and  transverse  direc5ons  of  fibres.  This  FRP  
material  has  a  significantly  lower  thermal  conduc5vity  
than  steel,  which  avoids  thermal  bridges  and  has  a  
good    thermal  insula5on  e.  g.  for  balcony  connec5ons.

Thermal  bridges  in  balcony  conne2ons

Easy  cuSng  and  chipping  aTer  use

Whenever  a  construc5on  or  parts  of  it  are  no  more  


u5lized  and  concrete  walls    slabs  etc.  must  be  
dismantled  usually  a  high  effort  is  needed.
Using  FiReP®  FRP  reinforcement  the  concrete  
structures  can  be  cut  easily  by  hand  tools  as  well    as  
by  cu]ng  machines,  tunnel  boring  machines    etc..  
The  concrete  residues  can  be  chipped  simply    and  
disposed  with  normal  debris  /  rubble.

Cut-­‐through  by  TBM


Trouble-­‐free  disposal

Special  tests  on  chips  and  debris  show  that    FiReP®  


FRP  REBAR  material  does  not  aXack  the  
environment  or  ground  water  because  it  is  no  more  
solvable  but  inert    In  Germany  the  tariff  classifica5on  
of  waste  allows  a  grading  of  LAGA  Z0/Z1

Cost-­‐effec2ve  –  pricing  at  reduced  rate  than  


stainless  steel  but  stronger

The  reasonable  pricing  offers  wide  use  as  commodity  


products  and  not  only  for  niches,  if  cu]ng  ability  or  
durability  is  required.  If  DCP  products  must  be  used   Glass  fibres  in  rod
per  permanent  applica5on  under  exposed    
condi5ons  FiReP®  FRP  REBAR  products  are  available  
with  moderate  costs  compared  to  stainless  steel.
About  FiReP®  

Who  is  FiReP® REBAR  TECHNOLOGY  GmbH  in  Düsseldorf


  FiReP®  HOLDING  and  FiReP®  INTERNATIONAL  AG  in  Switzerland  
  have  their  main  ac5vi5es  in  Mining,  Tunnelling  and  Civil  Engineering  for  
  applica5on  of  FRR  products  like  rockbolts  and  injec5on  systems  in  soil  &  rock.
  FiReP® REBAR  TECHNOLOGY  has  its  main  ac5vi5es  in  Structural  and  Civil  
  Engineering  for  applica5on  of  FRP  products  like  reinforcement  and  5e  bars  
  (shuXering)  in    concrete.

What  is  FiReP®?


  FiReP®  is  not  only  the  brand  for  the  Group  of  produc5on  plants  in  Shanghai  (PRC)  
  or  in  Velenje  (Slovenia),  of  subsidiaries  in  Germany,  Switzerland  and  Canada  
  but  also  the  brand  for  Fiber  Reinforced  Polymer  products.
  The  special  FiReP®  products  are  the  answer  and  solu5on  to  essen5al  problems  in  
  many  applica5ons.

Where  can  FiReP®  be  used?


    in  soil  and  rock  for  slope  stabilisa5on,  strata  support,  back-­‐anchoring  and  
         reinforcement  of  weathered  ground    
    in  concrete  for  internal  temporary  reinforcement  like  so\  eyes  in  
         diaphragm  or  bore  pile  walls
      in  concrete  for  internal  permanent  reinforcement  like  pavements,  floor  slabs
         Facades,  founda5ons  etc.
    in  other  construc5ons  like  photovoltaic  power  plants  (sub  construc5on)

Range  of  FiReP®  FRP  product  groups:


anchors,  bolts,  self  drilling  hollow  bars,    cable  bolts  
rebars  and  5e  rods
APPLICATIONS  UNDER  EXPOSED  CONDITIONS  
OR  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS

Plate  type  concrete  elements


pavements  on  motorways     precast  floor  slabs   aprons  and  taxiways
other  concrete  pavements   noise  barrier  walls   man  hole  cover  plates
footway  paving   road  corner  blocks   parking  decks  and  slabs
fuelling  sta5ons   workshops     sleeper  panel  segments,  
railway  crossings   façade  panels     other  flat  plane  concrete  structures

Volume  type  concrete  structures


abutments     collec5ng  trays   Yersey  barriers
diges5on  towers   T-­‐beams     collec5ng  tanks
portal  frames     storage  reservoirs   containers
gas  filling  sta5ons   engine  sheds     hutches
storage  basins     incinera5on  plants   can5lever  beams
car  wash  plants   deten5on  basins   walls
silos     concrete  pipes     any  reinforced  structures

Founda2ons,  piles,  columns,  beams


balcony  connec5ons   garages     basement  wall  slabs
cross  beams  &  5es   li\  sha\s     crane  runways
track  elements  (maglev)   precast  stairways   load  distribu5on  plates
Tubbing  elements   exhibi5on  halls   sha\  and  channel  rings
corbel  elements   produc5on  halls   prefabricated  halls

Waterway  engineering
5dal  construc5on   waterways  &  docks   ponds
landings     weirs,  je]es,       wave  breakers  retaining  basins
caissons     sluices  &  water  gates   backing  structures
barges     5dal  outlets  &  flood  gates   river  beds
shore  protec5on  &  dyking   flood  protec5on  on  rivers

Road  &  Footway  construc2on  


in-­‐situ  concrete  and     tunnel  construc5on
precast  concrete  at  motorways   high  speed  tracks  (TGV,  ICE)
bridges        

Special  civil  engineering…


PRODUCT  RANGE  OF  THE  FiReP®  REBAR  SYSTEM

Main  Proper2es

Product  group  (Code) S P E

Fibre Glass Glass Carbon

resin Polyester Vinyl  ester Vinyl  ester

Applica2on temporary permanent permanent


Shape S/L/U/O S/L/U/O S/L/U/O
Colour  Code blue grey yellow
Tensile  Strength  (MPa) 900  -­‐  1000 900  -­‐  1000 >  3’200
E-­‐Modulus  (MPa) >  50’000 >  60’000 >  230’000
Density  (g/cm3) ca.  2.2 ca.  2.2 ca.    2.2
Rebar  diametre  (mm) 8  -­‐  12  -­‐  16  -­‐  20  –  25  -­‐  28  -­‐  32 6  -­‐  20
Breaking  Strain  (%) >  2.5% >  2.5%  
Profile  (Thread) leT   leT leT

Shapes

1D
Type  11  /  S   12,  16,  20,  25,  28,  32   straight  tension  members
Type  12  /  SS   5,  6,  8,  10     straight  tension  members  with  weaker  profiling

2D
Type  21  /  L   12,  16,  20,  25     L-­‐shaped  /  angular  hooks,  starter  bars,  haunch-­‐reinforcement
Type  22  /  LR   12,  16,  20,  25     cropped  hooks,  le\-­‐right  /  double-­‐cropped    
Type  23  /  U   12,  16,  20,  25     U-­‐/  C-­‐s5rrup,  double-­‐bent.,  open
Type  24  /  U/C12,  16,  20,  25     U-­‐/  C-­‐s5rrup,  4  5mes  bent,  open,  with  bent  ends
Type  25  /  O   12,  16,  20,  25     O-­‐s5rrup  /  ring,  5-­‐  /  65mes  bent,  closed  link  with  lapped  ends
Type  26  /  T   12,  16,  20,  25     triangle  /  delta-­‐s5rrup,  4  5mes  bent,  closed  with  lapped  ends
Type  27  /  M   5,  6,  8,  10     reinforcement  mat  (grid),  analogue  to  standard  mesh

3D
Type  31  /  H   12,  16,  20,  25     spiral  /  helix  shape  (pile,  round  cage)
Type  32  /  D   12,  16,  20,  25     spacer
1D  and  2D  and  3D  PARTS

Straight  rods:

Blue   -­‐   UP  based  bolts  (right  handed  thread)  and  

                 rebars  (le\  handed  profile)  


Black   -­‐   UP  based  products  with  electrical  conduc5vity

Green   -­‐   EP  based  products


Grey   -­‐   EP  based  5e  rods  (right  handed  thread)

Grey   -­‐   VE  based  rebars  (le\  handed  profile)  

fixa2on  of  rods

SoT  Eye  (FRP  in  middle  sec2on)


Cage  for  bored  pile

Cage  for  diaphragm  wall Connec2ng  steel  and  FRP  with  cable   Detail  of  reinforcing  cage
clamps
FiReP®  REBAR  FRP  SYSTEM

2D  &  3D  PARTS:

hooks Applica2on  in  a  floor  slab

s2rrups Applica2on    in  a  cage  (SoT  Eye)

mesh FRP  mesh  reinforcement    in  sprayed  concrete  cover

Cage  for  bore  pile  reinforcement


Helix  (spiral)
FiReP®  POWERMESH

FiReP®  POWERMESH  is  a  strong  FRP  grid  which  was  developed  in  accordance  to  standard  steel  
mesh  applica5on  but  with  extended  requirements  to  the  durability  under  exposed  condi5ons  like  
thin  facades  or  cuXability  for  temporary  applica5on  like  so\  eyes.

unit Standard  size  100x100x6mm


Diameter  of  single  rod mm 6
Size  of  single  mesh mm 100  x  100
Ul2mate  load  of  single  
kN >  28.3
rod
Shear  load  of  single  knot kN >  3

Size    of  grid mm 2’000  x  800

Weight g 1’800

The  high  load  capacity  at  each  joint  –  comparable  to  welded  steel  
mesh  –  is  unique  and  makes  the  design  of  FRP  grid  reinforced  
structures  easy  for  engineers  and  architects.

The  load  capacity  at  each  “knot”  reaches  shear  strengths  


according  to  DIN  488  or  similar  standards  in  which  the  
requirements  for  steel  mesh  joints  are  established.

Tes2ng  of  knot

Repair  of  bridge  pillar    -­‐    Applica2on  of  FiReP  FRP  mesh  for  reinforcement  of  sprayed  concrete

Of  course  FiReP®  POWERMESH  offers  all  benefits  known    from  the  FiReP®  REBAR  products.
Due  to  the  lower  E-­‐Modulus  and  required  crack  width  limita5on  the  cross  sec5on  area  per  
meter  should  be  extended  that  the  full  subs5tu5on  of  steel  mesh  is  given.
CASES  &  PROJECTS

Airport  Vienna

Project:   Apron  repair


Applica5on:   highly  sensi5ve  
  electronic  aircra\  
  equipment  needs  
  magne5c  neutrality
Construc5on:     2006
Products:     FiReP®  12mm  rods,  
  s5rrups  and  spacers

Airport  Zurich

Project:     Projekt  Zürich  2010


Applica5on:   magne5c  neutrality  for  
  calibra5on  of  sensi5ve  electronic  
  devices
Construc5on:     2009-­‐2011
Products:     FiReP®  12mm  rods  and  spacers  
  for  permanent  applica5on
XFEL  Hamburg

Project:     X-­‐ray  research  facility


Applica5on:   So\-­‐Eyes  for  cu]ng  of  
  diaphragm  walls  by  TBM
Construc5on:     2009-­‐2014
Products:     FiReP®  rods,  s5rrups

Metro  Singapore

Project:     Circle  Line  


Applica5on:     excava5on  stabilisa5on  to  
  ensure  safe  advancement  of  
  the  TBM
Construc5on:     2004-­‐2008
Products:     FiReP®  32mm  bars
TESTS  on  FiReP®  REBAR  

Proper2es  of  straight  bars  –  


here  with  nominal  diameter  12mm

unit P60-­‐12 standard


Nominal  diameter dN mm 12 ISO  10406
Outer  Diameter d mm 13.6
Core  Diameter d3 mm 12.4
Glass  Content -­‐ mass% >  75
Ul2mate  Elonga2on   ε % >  2.5 ISO  10406*
Breaking  Load F kN >  113 ISO  10406*
Tensile  E-­‐Modulus E GPa >  60 ISO  10406*
Bending  E-­‐Modulus E GPa >  40
Design  stress fcd MPa 435
Coeff.  Of  thermal  exp.    (ax.) α 1/K 6.7  10-­‐6 DIN  51045
Coeff.  Of  thermal  exp.  (rad.) α 1/K 18.2  10-­‐6 DIN  51045
Bonding  strength τ MPa >12 RILEM
Diffusion  rate -­‐ 39’500

*test  procedures  are  also  applicable  for  CSA  806  and  ACI  440

Mechanical  Proper2es:  Tensile  Test

Tests  carried  out  accordingly  to  all  essen5al  standards  (ISO  10406,  ACI  440,  CSA  806)
at  the  Ins5tut  für  Massivbau  (IMB),  RWTH  Aachen,  Germany

**

Stress-­‐strain  behaviour
**Extensometers  removed  for  security  reasons  before  failure  occured
Tensile  test
TESTS  on  FiReP®  REBAR  

Durability
Tests  carried  out  at  Finger  Ins5tut,  University  Weimar
Long  term  durability  test  under  work  load  in  high  
alkaline  solu5on  and  under  increased  temperatures
Sharper  test  condi5ons  than  required  in  interna5onal  
standards:
-­‐  pH-­‐value  13.7
-­‐  Temperature  60°C
-­‐  74%  of  tensile  strength  a\er  3000h

Bond  strength
Bond  strength  was  tested  according  to  RILEM  at  IMB,  
RWTH  Aachen  University.
A  related  rib  surface  similar  to  steel  guaran5ed  a  
good  bond  behaviour  to  concrete.

Pull-­‐out  test bond  stress  –  slip  rela2on

Tensile  proper2es  of  bent  parts


Tests  at  IMB,  RWTH  Aachen

Proper2es  of  bent  FiReP®  REBARS


unit s2rrup
Nominal  diameter dN Mm 8  -­‐  25
Glass  Content -­‐ mass% >  70
Tension  E-­‐Modulus E GPa >  50
Tensile  strength σ MPa >  600 Tensile  test  of  bended  bars
- Durability for the future -

FiReP  Rebar  Technology  GmbH FiReP    Interna2onal  AG


Krefelder  Strasse  85 Neue  Jonastrasse  60
D-­‐40549  Düsseldorf,  Germany CH-­‐8640  Rapperswil,  Swizerland
Phone  :  +49  (0)211  5066  880 Phone  :  +41  (0)55  221  41  07
Fax              :  +49  (0)211  5066  8810 Fax            :  +41  (0)55  221  46  04
E-­‐Mail    :  info@firep.de E-­‐Mail  :  info@firep.ch

FiReP  Rebar  d.o.o. FiReP    North  America  Inc.


Strbenkova  12 700  Finley  Avenue,  Unit  4  
3320  Velenje,  Slovenia Ajax,  ON  Canada  L1S  3Z2  
Phone  :  +386  (0)3  8985  080 Phone  :  +1  905  686  7907  
Fax            :  +386  (0)3  8985  087 Fax  :  +1  905  728  8915  
E-­‐Mail  :info@firep.si E-­‐Mail  :info@firep.ca

FiReP  China  Ltd.


Room  2003,  Tower  B,  City  Center  of  Shanghai
No.100  Zun  Yi  Road,  Shanghai  200051  China
Phone  :  +86  21  6237  2051
Fax              :  +86  21  6237  2053
E-­‐Mail      :  info@firep.cn

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