International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163

Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT OF AXIS MOVEMENT

DEVIATIONS OF CNC ROUTER 3 AXIS MACHINES
FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTREPRISES
Suharto
Mechanical Eng. Dept., Semarang State Polytechnic
Semarang, Indonesia
pakharto58@gmail.com
Suryanto
Mechanical Eng. Dept., Semarang State Polytechnic
Semarang, Indonesia
suryanto_smg@yahoo.com
Sarana
Accounting Dept.Semarang State Polytechnic
Semarang, Indonesia
sarpolines@gmail.com
Manuscript History
Number: IJIRAE/RS/Vol.06/Issue01/JAAE10085
Received: 03, January 2019
Final Correction: 13,January 2019
Final Accepted: 24, January 2019
Published: January 2019
Citation: Suharto, Suryanto & Sarana (2019). ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT OF AXIS MOVEMENT DEVIATIONS
OF CNC ROUTER 3 AXIS MACHINES FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTREPRISES. IJIRAE::International Journal of
Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, Volume VI, 12-19. doi://10.26562/IJIRAE.2019.JAAE10085
Editor: Dr.A.Arul L.S, Chief Editor, IJIRAE, AM Publications, India
Copyright: ©2019 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited
Abstracts. Products resulted by small medium entreprises needed by consumers are oriented to a large number
of design variations, competitive prices, and relatively fast manufacturing time. The CNC router 3-axes machine,
locally produced to be tested, is a machine tool that works with 3 axes with functions for cutting, engraving and
giving markings on hard flat materials. The purpose of this study is to provide analysis of the main spindle
deviation of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis; and application of CNC router machines for granite granular materials for
decoration purposes. The method used is an experimental research by conducting an experiment measuring the
object of research to obtain measurement data and to be analyzed for the purposes of further action. It was found
that deviation of the main spindle rotation is of 16.86% -47.35%, and axis movement deviation is ± 0.04 mm,
which is above the permissible limit of <0.01 mm. The work that can be done with the CNC router 3-axes machine
is the manufacture of creative products for decoration purposes, but it needs a lot of design variations and does
not require high precision.
Keywords: spindle deviation; CNC router 3-axes machines; hard flat materials;
I. INTRODUCTION
The increasingly rapid development of manufacturing technology and the increasing competition encourage small
medium entreprises to improve product quality and competitiveness. The need for high quality products
produced with high speed manufacturing encourages small medium entreprises to be more creative and
innovative. Product design is not only seen from the technological aspects but also the economic and social
aspects in doing so that the products produced can be accepted by consumers.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–13
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

The CNC router 3 axis machine is a machine tool that is widely used in making a product. In running the control
system, a numerical control computer method is used, a technique used to control tools and processes on the
machine using code commands [1]. For the use of CNC machines many are found in industries either in Indonesia
or abroad. One of the causes of the low productivity of small medium entreprises in Indoneia is due to the lack of
capital for the procurement of modern machine tools such as numerical control machines (NC), therefore some
small medium entreprises engaged in manufacturing are not able to providethe such machine tools for the
production process. As a result, small medium entreprises are unable to produce products with special geometry
with high accuracy, so they are unable to compete with imported products from various countries. The technology
of CNC router machining process changes in line with the era of globalization from conventional and technological
products to modern technology [2] [3]. The world is a very dynamic and complex place so creativity and
knowledge become an invaluable asset in competition and the development of a creative economy. Creative
economy is a concept in the new economic era whose main support is information and creativity where ideas and
stock of knowledge from Human Resources are the main production factors in economic activity. Creative
economy is known as the concept of economic development that relies on creative power to create products and
added value, so that creative economy has great potential to become one of the sectors that drive the regional
economy. The creative economy is also understood not only about the creation of economic added value, but also
social and mental value added creation. [4] [5]
In the manual and CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining process, the expected output is capable of
performing the machining process quickly and on a large scale and expected geometry specifications. However, on
the machining process results often occur roughness on the surface of the object being worked on is very
different. Surface roughness is one of the deviations caused by the cutting conditions of the machining process.
Therefore, to obtain quality products in the form of high precision and good surface roughness, it needs to be
supported by the right machining process. Surface roughness characteristics are influenced by several cutting
parameters including spindle speed (spindle speed), depth of cut (depth of cut), tool flow (Toolpath), and
workpiece material. This CNC router machine work system will be more synchronous between computer work
and mechanics, so when compared with similar machine tools, the CNC router machine is more precise, more
flexible, and suitable for mass production. With the design of the CNC router machine can support the production
of small medium entreprises that require high complexity and can reduce operator work while the engine is
operating. To operate a CNC router machine, software is needed in operating system and machine interface. The
operating system interprets the program of correspondence between machine controls. Machine interfaces
operate links between NCs and generate signals with drives from software used for computers and CNC machines
so that the machine can operate. CNC machines connected to the computer not only allow the operator to run the
program but also modify the program, either after inputting or executing it. The purpose of this study is focused
on testing the main spindle rotation deviation of locally made CNC router machines, i.e.: X-axis; Y-axis; Z-
axisdeviations. A the case of study the application of CNC router machines is for the manufacture of granite
materials to support product diversity and enhance the competitiveness of mmall medium entreprises. In this
study, the interface of Mach3 software is used, which is a control software created by ArtSoft USA. There ara
available in free version and commercial version, but each versionis relatively the same, excpt free version of G-
Code you can enter only 500 lines limited. While for the paid version we can enter G-Code in amounts exceeding
10,000,000 lines. [6]
II. METHOD
The method used is experimental research by conducting experiments measuring the object of research in order
to obtain measurement data then tabulated and analyzed for the purposes of further action. [7]. The series of
testing deviations from CNC router machines are as follows:
a. Testing the rotating speed of the engine spindle serves to determine whether the engine spindle rotates
according to the command in the Mach-3 software program. The testing process is important to know a
machine's performance whether the engine can function properly. The testing process can also retrieve
data that is needed if in the future this tool will be repaired or developed on this 3-Axis CNC Router
machine. Test Purpose of Spindle Rotating Speed The machine for measuring spindle rotation is a real
condition compared to the spindle rotation of the Mach-3 software program engine.
b. Testing of AxisX; axis Y, and axis Z movement function to determine whether the stepper motor is used to
move the axis has moved according to the command on the Mach3 program. The testing process is
important to know a machine's performance whether the engine can function properly. The testing process
can also retrieve data that is needed if in the future this tool will be repaired or developed on this 3-Axis
CNC Router machine.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–14
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Spesifikasi Mesin CNC router 3-Axis buatan lokal yang dilakukan pengujian/pengukuran penyimpangan putaran
spindel dan penyimpangan gerakan sumbu X, Y, dan Z sebagai berikut: machine dimension: 1540x1005x1500
(mm); working area: 600x400x150 (mm); spindle motor: 3 (Kw) 18000 (rpm); axis drive : stepper motor X=8.7
(Nm), Y=8.7 (Nm), Z=7.7 (Nm), tool holder: collet ER20, max tool dia. 13 (mm); Power: AC220V/50Hx,3.5 (Kw);
Komputer: Dualcore 2GB RAM, 15” Touchscreen LCD Monitor; software: mach-3 CNC control
(www.machsupport.com). Figure1. Shows CNC Router 3-axis Machine.
The Local-made CNC router 3-Axis Machine with its specifications that are carried out the testing of measurement
of spindle rotation deviations and X, Y, and Z axis movement deviations resultd as follows: machine dimension:
1540x1005x1500 (mm); working area: 600x400x150 (mm); motor spindle: 3 (Kw) 18000 (rpm); axis drive:
stepper motor X = 8.7 (Nm), Y = 8.7 (Nm), Z = 7.7 (Nm), tool holder: ER20 collet, max tool. 13 (mm); Power:
AC220V / 50Hx, 3.5 (Kw); Computers: Dualcore 2GB RAM, 15 "Touchscreen LCD Monitor; software: mach-3 CNC
control (www.machsupport.com). Figure 1 shows a local 3 axis cnc router machine.
Informations:
1. Eletric Stepper Motor Axis Z
2. Stand of Electric Stepper Motor Axis Z
3. Supportof Axs X
4. LCD Monitor
5. Emergency Button
6. On/Off Power Button
7. Key Board
8. Engine Stand
9. Supportof Axis Y
10. Head Mounting
11. Font doorEngine Stand
12. Table
13. Arbor
14. Coolant Channel
15. Eletric Motor
16. Cooler of Electric Motor
17. Stand of Electric Stepper Motor
18. Electric Stepper Motor AxisX
19. Electric Stepper Motor AxisY
Figure1. CNC Router 3-axisMachine[3]
A. Deviation of the main spindle
Actvity : Measurement of deviaton main spindle rotation
Objective : to collect dataof Measurement of deviaton main spindle rotation CNC Routr 3 Axis
Measurement devicespecification : digital tachometer merk Krisbow KW06-303.

Figure2. Process of Engine Speed Spindle

Percentage of error of measurement of engine speed spindle
rpm program − rpm tachometer
%error = × 100%
rpm program
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–15
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

Table 1. Result of Testing of main spindle speed

Speedon Speed
Number Error
program onTachometer
Experiment (%)
(rpm) (rpm)
1 1000 526.5 47.35
2 2500 1526 38.96
3 5000 3412 31.76
4 7500 5499 26.68
5 10000 7925 20.75
6 12000 9976 16.86

Figure3. Graph of spindle speed error

B. Measurement of deviation of Axis X movement
Actvity : Measurement of deviaton of axis X
Objective : to collect dataof Measurement of deviaton of axis X CNC Router 3 Axis
Measurement device specification : dial indicator merk Mitutoyo 2046-08 with accuracy 0.01 mm.

Figure4. Process of measurement of deviation Axis X

value program − value dial indicator
%error = × 100%
value program

Tabel 2. Result of measurement of deviation Axis X

Value on Program Value on Dial Indicator Percentage oferror
(mm) (mm) (%)
1 0.97 -3
2 2.02 2
3 2.98 -0,66667
4 3.96 -4
5 4.99 -1
Average 1,17

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–16
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

Figure 5. Graph of measurement deviation movementAxis X

Process of Testing of Deviation of Movement Axis Y
Table 3 Result of Testing Deviation AxisY
Value on Program Value on Dial Indicator Percentage oferror
(mm) (mm) (%)
1 1.00 0
2 2.01 0,5
3 3.00 0
4 3.99 -0,25
5 4.98 -0,4
Average 0,23

Figure6. Graph of measurement deviation movementAxis Y

Process of Testing of Deviation of Movement AxisZ
Table 4. Result of Testing Deviation AxisZ
Value on Program Value on Dial Indicator Percentage oferror
(mm) (mm) (%)
1 1.00 0
2 1.99 -0,5
3 3.00 0
4 4.00 0
5 5.01 0,2
Average 0,14
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–17
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

Figure 7. Graph of measurement deviation movementAxis Z

Analysis of Measurement Results
Based on the measurement results shown in Figure 4 of the spindle rotation, the biggest error percentage data
obtained on the command 1000 rpm is 47.35%, and the smallest error percentage at the command 12000 rpm is
16.86%. These mean that the greater the rpm value printed on the Mach3 software, the smaller the percentage of
errors that occur. These results prove that CNC router machines made by local industries need calibration to be
more precise. Based on the tests that have been done, it is found that the biggest error percentage on the X axis is
an average of 1.17%, and the smallest error percentage on the Z axis is 0.14%. With the test results showing the
largest deviation up to 0.04 mm has exceeded the engine tolerance value limit of 0.01 mm, it is necessary to
develop the calibration of X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis deviation so that the engine performance is more optimal.
These results prove that the CNC router machine made by this local industry still requires overall calibration
including lineament, straightness, alignment so that the standard deviations, competitive prices and better after-
sales services.
IV. CONCLUSION
The main spindle rotation deviation is quite significant (error 16.86% -47.35%) so that the CNC router 3-axis
machine cannot be used with precision results for all operators. Operators who are able to recognize machine
characters properly will be able to develop operations optimally. X-axis; Y-axis; The Z-axis deviationsare still
above the limit (± 0.04 mm) while the permissible (<0.01 mm) so that for the rough and medium jobs can be done
with this the CNC router 3-axis machine. The work that can be done with this the CNC router 3-axis machine is the
manufacture of creative industrial products that need many variations but do not need high precision. The
application of the CNC router 3-axis machine for granite engraving produces more time, and more product variety,
and cheaper costs to support the diversity of Creative Industry products. Suggestions that can be made in further
research, it is necessary to test the performance of a broader local the CNC router 3-axis machine such as
fundamental errors such as Backlash, Straightness (Straightness), and Perpendicularity / Squareness
(straightness) compared to the maximum limit permitted by BSP standards (Standardization Agency National)
that applies to improve product quality, expand markets, and global competitiveness.
V. ACKNOWLWDGMENT
The author would like to thank the honorable Director of the Semarang State Polytechnic, Pekalongan City
Government, Director of Research and Community Service ofthe Indonesian Ministry of Research and
Technologyand Higher Education, who facilitated this research activity, all members of the National Institutional
Strategic Research Team (PSNI), Semarang State Polytechnic Student Machinery Engineering Team.
REFERENCES
1. Rajput, Rajendra. 2016. Comparative Study of CNC Controllers used in CNC Milling Machine. American Journal
of Engineering Research (AJER), Volume 5, Issue 4, pp 54-62, Mechanical Engineering Department, NITTTR
Bhopal.
2. Suryanto, Suharto, VS Tri Priyo, Sarana, Iwan Hermawan, & Agus Suwondo. 2014. Innovation of Making of the
Batik Stamp Stand for Development of National Batik. Paper dalam Seminar International : Engineering
International Conference- Education, Concept and Application of Green Technology, June 2014 at, UNNES,
Semarang.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–18
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.ijirae.com

3. Suharto, Suryanto, Sarana. 2016. Pengembangan Rancang Bangun Canting Batik Cap Berkualitas Biaya Murah.
Seminar Nasional Terapan Riset Inovatif (SENTRINOV) Semarang, 15 – 16 Oktober 2016, PROSIDING Vol. 01,
Tahun 2016. ISSN: 2477 – 2097. pp.344-352
4. Komsan Suriya, 2012. The Creative Economy: How people makes money from idea. The Empirical
Econometrics and Quantitative Economic Letters Volume 1, Number 4, september2012.pp.180-182.
5. Ardista, 2014. Generasi Millennial dalam Era Ekonomi Kreatif. Diakses melalui
http://news.indonesiakreatif.net/gen-millennial/
6. Fenerty, Art dan Prentice, John. 2005. Using Mach3 Mill. ArtSoft Software Incorporated.
7. Campbell, D.T. Stanley, J.C. 1996. Experimental and Quasy Experimental Desihn For Research. USA: Rand
Mc.Nally & Company Chicago.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – Mendeley (Elsevier Indexed); Citefactor 1.9 (2017) ; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco
(2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | ISRAJIF (2017): 4.011 | Indexcopernicus: (ICV 2016): 64.35
IJIRAE © 2014- 19, All Rights Reserved Page–19