Solutions To Defects

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION STANDARDS
Environment Protection (Environmental Standards for Noise) Regulations 1997
GN 17/1997
THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 1991
Regulations made by the Minister under sections 36 and 74

of the Environment Protection Act 1991
1. These regulations may be cited as the Environment Protection (Environmental

Standards for Noise) Regulations 1997.
2. In these regulations-
“dB(A) Leq” the equivalent A-weighted sound pressure level measured in decibel;
"factory" has the same meaning as in section 71 (1)(a) and (b)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v),
(vi), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii) of the Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare Act;
“industrial noise” means noise generated by a factory;
"neighbourhood noise" means any noise other than-

(a) industrial noise;
(b) power station noise; or
(c) noise made by an aircraft, an animal or traffic;
“power station noise" means noise emitted by a station that generates electricity
for supply by way of trade.
Amended by [GN No. 115 of 2003]
3. The environmental noise standards shall be the standards specified in the

Schedule.
4. Regulation 3 shall not, for a period of 2 years, as from the commencement of these
regulations, apply to industrial noise if the activity generating such noise has already started
at the commencement of these regulations.
5. (1) Noise measurements shall, as far as practicable be effected one metre from the
nearest opening of any residential building facing the noise source and at 1.5 metres above
the ground or floor level.
(2) The measurement methods and equipment used shall be those approved by the
enforcing agency.
6. These regulations shall come into operation on 1 March 1997.
Made by the Minister on 13 February, 1997.
---------------------------
SCHEDULE
(regulation 3)
NOISE EXPOSURE LIMITS
Industrial Noise
07.00 - 21.00 hrs 60*dB(A) Leq

21.00 - 07.00 hrs 55*dB(A) Leq
Neighbourhood Noise
07.00 - 18.00 hrs 60 dB(A) Leq

18.00 - 21.00 hrs 55 dB(A) Leq
21.00 – 07.00 hrs 50 dB(A) Leq
Power Station Noise

In residential area –
07.00 - 21.00 hrs ... 60 dB(A)Leq
21.00 - 07.00 hrs ... 55 dB(A)Leq
In any other area -

At any time ... ... … 70 dB(A)Leq
Added by [GN No. 115 of 2003]
*Apply a tonal character adjustment of +5 dB(A) to the measured value where the noise has
a definite continuous note such as a whine or hiss.
Air
Standards for Air
LEGAL SUPPLEMENT
to the Government Gazette of Mauritius No. 92 of 29 August 1998
Government Notice No. 105 of 1998
Regulations made by the Minister under Section 35
of the Environment Protection Act 1991
1. These regulations may be cited as the Environment Protection (Standards for Air)
Regulations 1998.
2. In these regulations -
"Act" means the Environment Protection Act 1991;
"chimney" means a structure or opening from or through which a product of
combustion or an air pollutant is emitted into the atmosphere;
"enforcing agency" means the agency specified in paragraph 2(1)(a) of the Fourth
Schedule to the Act;
"existing factories" means factories which entered into operation before the
commencement of these regulations;
"factory" has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Labour Act;
"industrial process" means any process operated at a factory which may entail a
pollutant being emitted into the atmosphere;
"smoke" includes all particulate matter in smoke.
3. (1) The national environmental standards for the emission of pollutants in the
atmosphere shall be those set out in the First Schedule.
(2) Every factory shall comply with the emission standards set out in the First
Schedule.
(3) Existing factories shall comply with the emission standards set out in the First
Schedule as from 1 February 1999.
4 (1) The enforcing agency may require that a chimney serving an industrial process be
fitted with an aperture for the insertion of a probe to measure the composition, characteristics
and quantities of emissions.
(2) The aperture shall be in the chimney wall and of such size and within such height
as the enforcing agency may require.
(3) The enforcing agency may require that a safe means of access to the aperture be
provided for the purpose of monitoring emissions from the chimney.
(4) Notwithstanding the other provisions of these regulations, the enforcing agency
may decide that certain parameters in the First Schedule shall not apply to any specific
chimney.
5. (1) The national environmental standards for ambient air shall be those set out in the
Second Schedule.
(2) In exercising its powers under these regulations, the enforcing agency may take
account of the national environmental standards set out in the Second Schedule.
6. (1) The enforcing agency may use measuring instruments for the purpose of
assessing the quality of air.
(2) Measuring instruments shall, for the purpose of these regulations include -
(a) any apparatus for separating any air impurity from the gas or liquid
medium in which it is carried;
(b) any device to indicate or record air pollution or give warning of excessive
air pollution; and
(c) any other device used for the purposes of preventing or limiting air
pollution.
Made by the Minister on 24th August 1998.

First Schedule
(regulation 3)
Emission Standards
The following standards are maximum limits for the corresponding pollutant.
Pollutant Applicable to Standard
(i) Smoke All stationary fuel burning source Ringelmann No. 2 or
equivalent opacity (not to
exceed more than 5
minutes in any period of
one hour)
(ii) Solid particles (a) Any trade, industry, process, 200 mg/m3
industrial plant or fuel-burning 400 mg/m3
equipment
(b) Any existing trade, industry,
process or industrial plant using
bagasse as fuel
(iii) Sulphuric acid mist or (a) Any trade, industry or process 120 mg/m3 as sulphur
sulphur trioxide (other than combustion processes trioxide
and plants for the manufacture of 30 000 mg/m3 as sulphur
sulphuric acid) trioxide
(b) Any trade, industry or process in
which sulphuric acid is manufactured
(iv) Fluorine compounds Any trade, industry or process in the 100 mg/m3 as hydrofluoric
operation of which fluorine, acid
hydrofluoric acid or any inorganic
fluorine compounds are emitted
(v) Hydrogen Chloride Any trade, industry or process 200 mg/m3 as hydrogen
chloride
(vi) Chlorine Any trade, industry or process 100 mg/m3 as chlorine
(vii) Hydrogen sulphide Any trade, industry or process 5 ppm as hydrogen
sulphide gas
(viii) Nitric acid or oxides Any trade, industry or process in 2 000 mg/m3 as nitrogen
of nitrogen which the manufacture of nitric acid is dioxide
carried out
(ix) Nitric acid or oxides Any trade, industry or process other 1 000 mg/m3 as nitrogen
of nitrogen than nitric acid plant dioxide
(x) Carbon monoxide Any trade, industry or process 1 000 mg/m3 as carbon
monoxide
Second Schedule
(regulation 5)
Ambient Air Quality Standards
and Measurement Methods
Ambient Pollutant Standard Averaging Time Measurement Method*
(ug/m3)
maximum
Total Suspended 150 24-hour Hi-volume
Particles Annual average Sampler
50
PM10 100 24-hour Hi-volume
Sampler
Sulphur Dioxide 350 1-hour Fluorescence SO2
24-hour Analyzer,
200
Annual average Colorimetry
50
Nitrogen Dioxide 200 24-hour Sodium Arsenite,
Chemiluminescence
Carbon Monoxide 25,000 1-hour Nondispersive
8-hour Infrared Photometry
10,000
Lead 1.5 3-month average Hi-volume Sampler
with Atomic Absorption
Ozone 100 1-hour Ozone Analyzer,
Chemiluminescence
* The measurement methods are those indicated or other methods acceptable to the
enforcing agency.
Environment Protection (Standards for effluent discharge) Regulations 2003
GN 44/2003
Regulations made by the Minister under sections 39 and 96 of the Environment Protection Act 2002
1. These regulations may be cited as the Environment Protection (Standards for effluent discharge)
Regulations 2003.
2. In these regulations-
"effluent" means water sullied or contaminated by any matter, in solution or suspension and derived from
the use in connection with domestic, industrial or other activities;
"HWM" means the High Water Mark at spring tide;
"influent" means water diverted from a river, stream, spring, canal, underground or water supply network
used in connection with any activity listed in the First Column of the First Schedule;
"parameter" means, in relation to an effluent, the characteristics or constituent elements set out in the
Second Column of the First Schedule in respect of the corresponding activity set out in the First Column of
the First Schedule;
"Wastewater system "-
(a) means a sewer, conduit, pump, engine or other appliance used or intended to be used for the
reception, conveyance, removal, treatment and disposal of effluent; and
(b) does not include house sewers;
"waterbody" includes a stream, a river, a canal, a lake, a pond, a reservoir, an estuary, a wetland and
underground water;
"watercourse" means any natural or artificial channel, pipe or conduit, excluding the sewerage system,
carrying, or that may carry, and discharging water directly or indirectly into a water body;
3. No person shall discharge effluent onto land, into a watercourse or into a waterbody unless he ensures that
the parameters of the effluent do not exceed the permissible limits set out in the Second Schedule.
4. Notwithstanding regulation 3 or any other enactment, no person shall discharge or cause to be discharged
any effluent into a waterbody or watercourse used or earmarked to be used for potable water supply.
5. Notwithstanding regulation 3, any person using an influent, the concentration or value of any parameter of
which exceeds the permissible limit for that parameter set out in the Second Schedule, shall ensure that
the concentration or value of the parameter in the effluent does not exceed that of the influent.
6. Any industry existing prior to the promulgation of these regulations and which is within a distance of 200
metres from the HWM shall comply with the permissible limits set out in the Third Schedule.
7. These regulations shall come into operation on 01 September 2003.
Made by the Minister on 05 February 2003
FIRST SCHEDULE
(regulation 2)
List of parameters for each industrial activity
INDUSTRIAL
ACTIVITY PARAMETERS
Beverage Industries Temperature, Ph, COD, BOD₅, TSS, Sodium, Detergents
Breweries and Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, TSS, Nitrate as N, Selenium, Zinc,
Distilleries Oil & Grease, Detergents, Ammoniacal Nitrogen
Canning and Food Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅. Free Chlorine, TSS, Chloride,
Processing Nitrate as N, TKN, Sodium, Oil & Grease, Total Coliforms
Dairy Processing Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, TSS, Oil & Grease, Detergents,
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
Dye houses and Colour, Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, Free
Washing Units in the Chlorine, TSS, Chloride, Sulphate, Sulphide, Ammoniacal Nitrogen,
textile sector Nitrate as N, Detergents, Cadmium, Total Chromium, Cobalt,
Copper, Sodium, Zinc, Oil & Grease, Total Pesticides, Total Organic
Halides
Edible Oil Refining Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5, TSS, Chloride, Sodium, Oil &
Grease, Total Organic Halides, Phenols, Detergents.
Industrial Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5,. TSS, Chloride, Nitrate as N, TKN,

Slaughtering Oil & Grease, Total Coliforms, E. Coli
Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, Free

Laundry processes Chlorine, TSS, Nitrate as N, Oil & Grease, Total Organic Halides,
Detergents
Livestock Breeding pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, TSS, Nitrate as N, TKN,
Total Coliforms, E. Coli, Ammoniacal Nitrogen.
Manufacture of Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5 Reactive. Phosphorus, TSS,

Chemical Fertilizers Sulphate, Oil & Grease, Ammoniacal Nitrogen.
Manufacture of Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, Free

Soaps/Detergents and Chlorine. TSS, Oil & Grease, Total Organic Halides, Detergents,
Bulk Storage of raw Ammoniacal Nitrogen
materials
Mechanical pH, COD, BOD₅, Oil & Grease, Total Chromium, Lead,
Workshop Manganese, Zinc.
Metal Plating and; Temperature, pH, COD, Free Chlorine, TSS Chloride, Sulphate,
Galvanising Sulphide, Nitrate as N, Cyanide, Cadmium, Total Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Oil & Grease, Total
Organic Halides
Paint Manufacturing Colour, Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, TSS, Chloride, Sulphate,
Sulphide, Aluminium, Cadmium, Total Chromium, Cobalt, Copper,
Lead, Mercury, Molybdenum, Zinc, Oil & Grease, Total Organic
Halides
Tanning Colour, Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5, Reactive Phosphorus, TSS,

Sulphate, Sulphide, Nitrate as Nitrogen, Cadmium, Total Chromium,
Mercury, Oil & Grease, Total Organic Halides, Total Coliforms, E.
Coli, Ammoniacal Nitrogen.
Thermal Power Plant Temperature, pH, TSS, Oil & Grease, Total Chromium, Copper,
Iron, Zinc
Amended by [GN No. 44 of 2004]
SECOND SCHEDULE
(regulation 4)
Effluent discharge Standards
Parameter Unit Maximum permissible limit

Land/Underground Surface water courses
Total coliforms MPN per 100 - <400
ml
E. Coli MPN per 100 <1000 <200
ml
Free Chlorine mg/1 - 0.5
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/1 45 35
Reactive Phosphorus mg/1 10 1
Colour - Not objectionable
Temperature °C 40
pH - 5–9
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/1 120
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/1 40
Chloride mg/1 750
Sulphate mg/1 750
Sulphide mg/1 0.002
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/1 1
Nitrate as N mg/1 10
Total Kjeldahl Nittogen (TKN) mg/1 25
Nitrite as N mg/1 1
Aluminium mg/1 5
Arsenic mg/1 0.1
Berylium mg/1 0.1
Boron mg/1 0.75
Cadmium mg/1 0.01
Cobalt mg/1 0.05
Copper mg/1 0.5
Iron mg/1 2.0
Lead mg/1 0.05
Lithium mg/1 2.5
Manganese mg/1 0.2
Mercury mg/1 0.005
Molybdenum mg/1 0.01
Nickel mg/1 0.1
Selenium mg/1 0.02
Sodium mg/1 200
Total Chromium mg/1 0.05
Vanadium mg/1 0.1
Zinc mg/1 2
Oil & Grease mg/1 10

Total Pesticides mg/1 0.025
Total organic halides mg/1 1
Cyanide (as CN) mg/1 0.1
Phenols mg/1 0.5
Detergents (as LAS*) mg/1 15
* Linear Alkylate Sulphonate
THIRD SCHEDULE
(regulation 6)
Effluent discharge Standards
Parameter Unit Maximum permissible limit

Total Coliforms MPN per 100 ml <400
E. Coli MPN per 100 ml <200
Free Chlorine mg/1 0.5

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/1 35
Reactive Phosphorus mg/1 1
Colour - Not objectionable

Temperature °C 40
PH - 5–9
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/1 120
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/1 40
Chloride mg/1 1500
Sulphate mg/1 1500
Sulphide mg/1 0.002
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/1 1
Nitrate as N mg/1 10
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) mg/1 25
Nitrite as N mg/1 1
Aluminum mg/1 5
Arsenic mg/1 0.1
Berylium mg/1 0.1
Boron mg/1 0.75
Cadmium mg/1 0.01
Cobalt mg/1 0.05
Copper mg/1 0.5
Iron mg/1 2.0
Lead mg/1 0.05
Lithium mg/1 2.5
Manganese mg/1 0.2
Mercury mg/1 0.005
Molybdenum mg/1 0.01
Nickel mg/1 0.1
Selenium mg/1 0.02
Sodium mg/1 200
Total Chromium mg/1 0.05
Vanadium mg/1 0.1
Zinc mg/1 2
Oil & Grease mg/1 10

Total Pesticides mg/1 0.025
Total organic halides mg/1 1
Cyanide (as CN) mg/1 0.1
Phenols mg/1 0.5
Detergents (as LAS*) mg/1 15
* Linear Alkylate Sulphonate
APPENDIX C
CIVIL ENGINEERING SERVICE REPORT
LIMBADA & LIMBADA Member of ACE (Mauritius)
Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association
Tel : (230) 454-7566

(230) 465-6616
16, Conal Street Fax : (230) 464-4402
Beau-Bassin 71503 E-mail : limbada@intnet.mu
Mauritius Web : www.limbadaconsulting.com
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARM AT SOLITUDE

REPORT ON STORM WATER DRAINAGE AND ACCESS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND
Green Yellow, hereinafter referred to as the developer, intends to set up a Photovoltaic farm on its
premises located at Solitude. The developer is currently causing the detailed designs of the permanent
works as well as the associated infrastructural works. In that manner the disposal of run-off is being
considered in this present report.
Impacts from unmanaged surface run-off could give rise to risks given that the farm would produce
electricity. Therefore, the disposal of run-off need to be carried out in such a manner that it does not
interfere with the equipment and panels in place and the electrical circuits. It should not be allowed to
stagnate on the premises as it would affect the integrity of the whole project.
This report provides an assessment of the site hydrology and an estimate of the run-off. It further
provides the measures for mitigating the risks and potential damages. It provides a design for the safe
evacuation of the surface run-off.
1.2. PROJECT SITE AND PROJECT AREA
The project site is located in a place called Solitude, in the Northern part of the island. It is within the
boundaries of district of Pamplemousses. The site is easily accessible by the Solitude-Pte aux Piments
B39 Road.
SITE
Figure 1: Site Location

Registered in Mauritius No. 19745 Business Registration No.C07019745 VAT No. VAT20175627
CIDB Registered Civil Engineering Reg. Ref. CS/CE/L – 00004 CIDB Registered Project Management Reg. Ref. CS/PM/L – 00005
Directors: M. I. Limbada (BSc (1st Class Hons) AMCT CHEBAP MASCE Reg. Professional Engineer) K. Limbada (BEng (1st Class Hons) Reg. Professional Engineer)
Tel : (230) 454-7566

(230) 465-6616
16, Conal Street Fax : (230) 464-4402
1.3. SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of the present study is to conduct a hydrological investigation so as to assess the amount of
surface water that would be generated after a rainfall event. The report further provides the measures that
need to be implemented in order to mitigate and manage the run-off. The developer has caused the
preparation of a soil report for the site in question. Reference has been made to this report in estimating
the water balance for this site.
The topographic survey report was also submitted by the developer and this report was used in the
hydrological model.
A desktop study was therefore carried out in order to understand the landform and geomorphology of the
site as well as the natural drainage path.
The main tasks associated with the assignment are: -
1. Site reconnaissance surveys

2. Consultations with local inhabitants and immediate neighbours during site visits
3. Detailed study of maps and soil reports available for the project site
4. Identification of the surface run-off pattern and characteristics.
5. Assess the detailed Topographical surveys.
6. Defining the catchment areas
7. Carry out Hydraulic Studies and Drainage Designs
8. Alternative options
9. Off-site works and seeking wayleaves
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1.4. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The site is located in the village of Solitude. It is found amidst sugar cane fields and agricultural lands.
There is a stone crushing plant North of the site and which belongs to Gamma Materials Ltd. The nearest
residence is a NHDC complex located on the other side of the B39 road. The village boundary of
Solitude and the annexing Triolet Village are about a kilometre East of the site while Balaclava/Arsenal
are about a kilometer South.
The site is currently covered partly by sugar cane plantation and partly by agricultural practices. Part
appear to be in an abandoned state. There is also a zone of irrigation (Northern Plains Irrigation Project
I) within close proximity of the site and that functions under the management of the Irrigation Authority.
Part of the site is frontage to the B39 road and part of it at a setback from the main road.
This B39 road is busy mainly from touristic activities as the Pte aux Piments Coastal belt is colonized by
hotels and coastal commercial activities.
The old Solitude Sugar Cane Factory stand about a kilometer on the South East of the site. This area has
now been turned into an industrial zone. The NHDC housing estate is not far away and the football pitch
nearly on the opposite side remains the place for sports/leisure activities.
Figure 1: Site Location
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1.5. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
Site investigations were carried out to determine the characteristics of the natural physical environment.
The site has an irregular landform and morphology. There is a central point and general slope radially.
There are localised depressions. The access tracks are at a higher elevation to the fields and hence act as
natural boundaries to surface flows. During the reconnaissance survey discussions with the local land
farmers were held in order to obtain data on flood events. It would seem that rainfall occurrences are low
in that area hence the need to irrigate. Irrigation hydrants have been observed and a centre pivot stands
not far from the boundaries of the site. The site falls within the boundaries of the Northern Plains
Irrigation Project (NPIP I) and the site are serviced by a drip irrigation system.
The B39 road does not have any visible services except for water lines and telecom lines. This road is
asphalted and is a two-way traffic and no drains were visible along its alignment. However, there is a
river, River Citron, on the Southern side of the site and about half a kilometer from its southern
boundary.
The plates shown below depicts the current site conditions.
Plate 1 - View of site looking North (taken from Gamma access road)
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Plate 2 -Existing agricultural practices on the site
Plate 3 - Drip irrigation within agricultural plantation

(Note proximity of Gama Solitude site. Bowser on photo moistening track)
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Plate 4 - Tracks at higher elevation that adjoining fields
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1.6. Site Geology
The island of Mauritius is of volcanic origin and it is known that there has been many volcanic eruptions
over time. The geology of the site is best described as one forming part of the late lava flow. The basalt
layers are overlain by stiff clay materials. The site is very close to the interface between sound basalt and
scories/volcanic tuffs. The geology of the site given a first indication that the soil permeability would be
low.
SITE
Figure 2: Site Geology

(Source: Carte Geologique de L’Ile Maurice, Giorgi Loic, 1999)
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1.7. Soil Type
The soil medium over the site is dominated by the reddish ferritic soil mass. The soil belongs to the L1
Richelieu family. The soil profile in the trial pits have been carried out during the geotechnical
investigation. The soil is a reddish clay of medium to high plasticity.
SITE
Figure 3: Soil map for the site

(Source Soil Map for Mauritius 1:100,000, MSIRI, Parish and Fellaife, 1965)
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1.8. Soil Log
A geotechnical investigation has been carried out by observation and tests carried out in six (6) trial pits.
The depths of the trial pits were 3.0m. The soil profile is made up of a top soil about 400mm thick of
reddish brown to brown colour and that contains roots and stones. This layer of soil sustains the
vegetative growth and cover.
The deeper strata comprise mainly a reddish soil of a highly plastic clay nature. It is a stiff and firm clay
material as the excavated parts remain vertical for quite a long time.
In one of the pit (TP3) however, the deeper soil strata exhibit the presence of weathered basalt layers.
Plate No 5 Trial pits showing soil profiles
1.9. Water Table
There were no visible traces of ground water movement, standing water or humidity at a depth of 3.0m
(in all trial pits). There were also no signs of greying or mottling on soil sample recovered. Hence water
table is not present. The humid clay observed in the pit is the readily available moisture in the soil
whereby water is penetrating the soil mass by percolation.
1.10. Soil Permeability
Soil percolation tests were carried out in the trial pits. Good permeability were observed in pits no 4 and
no 5. The permeability recorded were 321 and 189 mm/h respectively. The tests carried out in the other
trial pits show that the soil were relatively impermeable.
Therefore, while considering the evacuation and safe disposal of surface water from the site the
observations made in the trial pits provide options in the design of the mitigating measures.
Tel : (230) 454-7566

(230) 465-6616
16, Conal Street Fax : (230) 464-4402
1.11. Drainage System
There is an absence of natural drains, rivers, rills and gullies on this site.This could be explained by the
dry nature of this part of the island that receives about 800mm of rainfall per year.
The site has a high “plateau” with sloping terrain almost radially towards the low points. In that manner
the site has multiple catchment areas. In order to design the mitigating measures the catchments were
identified and their estimated flood flow were calculated. Each catchment would have its own absorption
pit to dispose of the run-off generated after a rainfall event.
The design for the drainage is mainly guided by the Land Drainage Report prepared by the Government
of Mauritius. Proper reference has been made with respect to the design parameters contained in that
report while determining the mitigating measures to be provided.
Tel : (230) 454-7566

(230) 465-6616
16, Conal Street Fax : (230) 464-4402
2. DESIGN CONCEPT
2.1. HYDROLOGY
From a hydrological perspective, the site is located in the ZA catchment area. This catchment is devoid
of rivers and natural drains, except for River Citron and River Tombeau which form natural boundaries
of the watershed area. The watershed area in the North is reproduced below
SITE
Figure 4: Location of site within the ZA catchment

(Courtesy: Hydrological Map of Mauritius, Water Resources Unit, Central Water Authority, 2005)
Various potential options were formulated after the site surveys, consultation with inhabitants and
desktop studies. The site falls on the boundary of the catchment of Feeder Pyram which is itself a
tributary to the River Citron. The water divide for this catchment is approximate along the tarred B 39
road.
There is sugar cane plantation on most of the lands around the site to be developed. In a few fields
vegetable growths were observed. Some lands were just bare. The permeability of the soil is not
disturbed in this area as there is only greenfield developments. The soil permeability could be modified
to some extent with the implementation of the PV panels.
The hydrological study of the site would involve the calculation of the rainfall intensities, the extent of
the catchment area and the determination of the runoff coefficient based on present and future land use
pattern.
The site would be developed into a PV farm and would thus be enclosed. This would create a catchment
area equivalent to the site extent and it is assumed that no external water would come on the site. This
segregation is required as the water flow from other catchments could lead to handling large amount of
run-off.
This situation could impact on the natural flow of water overland. The construction of Channels around
the site need to be contemplated.
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16, Conal Street Fax : (230) 464-4402
2.2. Return Periods of Storms
The choice for the return period is mainly dictated by the probability of occurrences of high intensity
rainfalls over number of years of observation and statistical trends. As for Mauritius, occurrences of high
intensities rainfall have been observed only over the last 5 years and this has been mainly attributed to
Climate Change. The statistical data also show that there is a drought year every 3 years as compared to
1 drought to every 7 years some 5 years ago. The amount of rainfall has also known much variations
with high occurrences of high intensity rainfalls over short duration. The Meteorological Services have
processed rainfall data records for the island and proposed intensities curve that respond to rainfall
characteristics. The choice of the return periods is mainly dictated on the long term rainfall data for that
region and also by the financial impacts. The higher the return period the higher would be the investment
cost.
Considering the potential degree of damage to the road and adjacent properties, potential hazard and
inconvenience to the public, and the construction cost of the hydraulic structure for this particular site, a
flood event of 25-year return period has been used for design of the drainage system.
2.3. Catchment area
The catchment area of the drainage system has been delimitated using field surveys and the survey
sheets (Map of Mauritius, Ministry of Housing and Lands Scale 1:25000) with 10m contour lines. The
direction of the surface runoff has been determined by an engineering assessment of the topographical
map and visual inspection of the landform by 3d modelling. As mentioned above the site has been
divided in many small catchment areas whereby the flow of surface run-off would occur naturally under
gravity effects. The catchment area identified for this site is shown in Annex 1.
The catchments for the site proper has been made on the assumption that the site would have a boundary
wall all around it. All estimate for run-off would be related to the individual catchments as demarcated
on the layout plan.
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2.4. Rainfall Intensity
The maximum rainfall intensity duration curves of different return periods, from 2-year (T2) to 100-year
(T100), have been generated by the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS) from long records of
many rain gauging stations distributed, more or less, evenly throughout Mauritius. The rainfall intensity
duration curves, shown in Figure 3, have been used in runoff calculations.
In
te
ns
it
y
(
m
m
/h
)
Duration (min)
Figure 3: IDF curves
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2.5. Hydrological Analysis
As in Mauritius, most of the catchments under consideration are small and frequently not gauged,
standard procedures for use on ungauged catchments have been used for hydrological analysis.
Since the catchment for this specific site is relatively small, the Rational Method has been used to
estimate the run-off generated. This data would then be analysed to size the drains that would evacuate
the run-off. The equations, used for hydrological determination of peak runoff for the sizing of drainage
systems, are presented below.
The formula for calculating peak discharge at a given outlet of a catchment area is taken as:
where
QT = Discharge (m3/s) for return period T
CT = Runoff coefficient for return period T
IT = Rainfall Intensity (mm/h) for return period T
A = Catchment Area (km2)
Runoff Coefficient, CT:
, where CT = Runoff coefficient for return period T

α = % of catchment that is rural
β = % of catchment that is urban
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv , where values of Cy, Cp&Cv are provided in the following tables.
Mean Catchment Classification Cy values for different Mean

Slope Annual Precipitation (mm)
<600 600 - 900 >900
Less than 3% Marsh/Wetland 0.01 0.03 0.05
3% to 10% Flat 0.06 0.08 0.11
10% to 30% Hilly 0.12 0.16 0.20
Greater than 30% Steep 0.22 0.26 0.30
Classification Cpvalues for different Mean

Annual Precipitation (mm)
<600 600 - 900 >900
Very permeable 0.03 0.04 0.05
Permeable 0.06 0.08 0.10
Semi permeable 0.12 0.16 0.20
Impermeable 0.21 0.26 0.30
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Classification Cvvalues for different Mean

Annual Precipitation (mm)
<600 600 - 900 >900
Thick Bush & Plantation 0.03 0.04 0.05
Light Bush & Farmland 0.07 0.10 0.15
Sugarcane 0.17 0.20 0.25
No vegetation 0.26 0.28 0.30
C2= % residential x Cresidential ,where Cresidential= 0.50

0.50 for 2 year return period,
FT= 0.60 for 10 year return period,
1.0 for 100 year return period
Time of Concentration, tc (Kirpich Equation):
, where tc = Time of concentration (hours)

L = Longest flow path (km)
S = Watershed Slope
Watershed slope, S:
where S = Watershed slope – estimated from topographic surveys

= Elevation difference between the most remote point and the outlet of the
catchment area (m)
L = Length of travel from the most remote point to the outlet of the catchment
area (m) – estimated from survey
The estimated run-off flow is enclosed in the annex.
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2.6. HYDRAULIC ASSESSMENT
2.6.1. Drains
The drains have been sized using the widely-accepted Manning's Equation. The drains shall have a
capacity greater than the peak flow determined by hydrological analysis.
Manning's Equation:
where Qd = Discharge capacity of drain (m3/s)

n = Manning's coefficient
s = Slope of the bed of the drain (hydraulic gradient of flow)
a = Cross-section area of drain (m2)
P= Wetted perimeter of drain section (m)
R = Hydraulic Radius = a/P
Manning's Equation modified for rectangular drain sizing:

.........................................Iteration formula
where Q = Required Discharge capacity of drain (m3/s)

n = Manning's coefficient
s = Slope of the bed of the drain
d = Maximum water depth of drain (m)
w = Width of Drain
To prevent siltation of the drains, the minimum allowable velocity was taken as 0.8 m/s (except in cases
where natural topography dictates otherwise).
For this project all drains are to be lined with concrete. except over a part downstream where stone lining
is envisaged. Therefore, a Manning's coefficient of 0.012 was used for the concrete stretch.
To enhance percolation of run-off it is envisaged to have “perforated” drains lying over absorption pits
are regular interval along the drain alignment. This option could be contemplated during the detailed
design stage.
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3. DESIGN PEAK FLOWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The flows for each catchment have been computed separately. We are proposing a drain network that
would ultimately connect to an absorption system at the low points. However, the possibility of having
intermittent soakaways along the drain routing would be contemplated in the detailed design phase.
3.1. Catchment Area
A layout of the catchment area has been given in Annex 1 of this report.
3.2. Peak Flow

The peak flow of run-off generated after a storm event has been calculated on the basis of the catchment
area using the rationale method. The estimated flow and detailed calculations have been given in Annex
2 of this report.
3.3. Drains
Drains need to be provided in order to channel the run-off in an “organized” manner. The schedule of
drains based on the calculations carried out have been shown in Annex 2.
3.4. Soakaways/Absorption pits

Run-off need to disposed of locally on site. The principle is to provide an absorption pit for each of the
catchments identified.
4. ALTERNATIVES
We have assessed an alternative option to drain runoff from the site. No proper alternative option could
be identified.
5. ACCESS TO SITE
It should be noted that this project would bring least disturbance to the physical set up. Once constructed
it would left to tap solar energy for transforming into electricity in an autonomous manner. Once in
operation it would function without any human interference. Prompt intervention would occur in case of
failures. Therefore, the traffic flow on this site during operation is quasi-nil. Hence the accesses would
be left under their prevailing conditions. No modifications would occur.
As mentioned above the site does not require human interference for its operation and would run on a 24
x 7 x 365 basis once it has been commissioned. There is no need to put up infrastructural works such as
tarred road, street lighting, water lines, data cabling and the like. This PV farm would operate from a
remote system.
6. WAYLEAVES AND SERVICES

The site is devoid of buried services except for the drip lines. These would be removed during land
preparation to receive the PV. There is no need to any wayleave.
ANNEX 1
ANNEX 2
PROJECT Proposed Photovoltaic Farm at Solitude DATE 27/1/2017
ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area A1 JOB NO 1
APPROVED BY SHEET NO 1 of 1
REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
2
Total catchment area, A = 0.0464 km
Max. Length of travel, L = 452 m
Height difference, Δh = 5.25 m
Water shed slope, S = 1.16%
ANALYSIS FOR RUN‐OFF COEFFICIENT
% of catchment that's rural, α = 100%
% of catchment that's urban, β = 0%
Return Period, T = 25 years
FT = 0.7
Mean Annual Precipitation = 900 mm
Mean Catchment Slope = 1.16%
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
C2 = % residential x C residential = 0
Run‐off Coefficient, CT = 0.33
RUN OFF ANALYSIS ‐ RATIONAL METHOD
Time of concentration, tc = 0.20 hours
Rainfall Intensity
Rainfall Intensity, IT = 143.52 mm/h
Peak run‐off rate, QT = 0.278 x C T x IT x A = 0.61 m3/s

2
Height difference, Δh = 4m
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

2
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area B JOB NO 1
2
Height difference, Δh = 2m
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area C JOB NO 1
2
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area D JOB NO 1
2
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area E JOB NO 1
APPROVED BY C. Chutoori SHEET NO 1 of 1
2
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

ELEMENT Hydrological Analysis - Catchment Area F JOB NO 1
2
FT = 0.7
Cy = 0.03
Cp = 0.16
Cv = 0.28
C1 = Cy + Cp + Cv = 0.47
% residential = 0%
Cresidential = 0.5
Rainfall Intensity

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Catchment area Area (m2) Drain size Soakaway Soakaway

dimensions volume
(m3)
A1 46398 700x700 22x22x6 deep 2,904
A2 16408 500x500 13x13x6 1,014
A3 45316 700x700 21x21x6 2,646
B 9189 300x500 10x10x6 600
C 17358 500x500 13x13x6 1,014
D 28793 500x500 17x17x6 1,734
E 16363 500x500 13x13x6 1,014
F 41056 700x700 21x21x6 2,904
APPENDIX D
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY REPORT
FACTUAL REPORT
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR FUTURE
SOLAR FARM AT SOLITUDE, MAURITIUS
Prepared for:
GREEN YELLOW CONSTRUCTION (MAURITIUS) LTD.
MAURITIUS
Prepared by:
Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Geoscientists

Tel: (230) 5290 1350, Email:geocrustltd@yahoo.com
www.geocrust.com
On Behalf of
FRANKIPILE (MAURITIUS) INTERNATIONAL LTD.
Geoffroy Road, Bambous, Mauritius
. Tel: (+230) 452 0454, Fax : (+230) 452 0544,
www.franki.co.za
Submitted on
December 22, 2016
Reviewed &
Revision Issued Issued Prepared Approved by
Descriptions
No. date by by
December
0 GC Geotechnical Investigation for Solar Farm at Solitude GK CA
22, 2016
CLIENT: GREEN YELLOW CONSTRUCTION (MAURITIUS) LTD.
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD – CONSULTING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS & GEOSCIENTISTS
ON BEHALF OF FRANKI AFRICA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................... 1
2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 2
2.3 REVIEW OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION ................................................................................ 3
2.4 REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE OF THE STUDY SITE ............................................ 3
3.0 SITE INVESTIGATION PROGRAM ....................................................................................................... 4
3.1 EXPLORATORY TRIAL PITS .................................................................................................... 4
3.2 IN-SITU DYNAMIC PROBE SUPER HEAVY (DPSH) TESTS IN TRIAL PITS ......................... 4
3.3. PERCOLATION TEST PROCEDURE & RESULTS ............................................................................... 5
4.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITION (GROUND TYPE & STRATIGRAPHY) .................................................. 9
5.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................... 11
6.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 12
7.0 CLOSURE ............................................................................................................................................... 13
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Drawing – Figures: Location of project site, Google Map, Land

use Map, Regional Geological Map of Site, Soil Map and Layout
of Trial pit Locations
APPENDIX B Geotechnical Logs of Trial Pit and Photographs
APPENDIX C In-Situ Test (DPSH-Dynamic Probe Super Heavy) Results
APPENDIX D Percolation Test Results
I FACTUAL REPORT
(Table of Content) GEOTECHNICAL SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR PROPOSED
SOLAR FARM SITE AT SOLITUDE, MAURITIUS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This factual report presents the results of a geotechnical soil investigation conducted by FRANKIPILE
(MAURITIUS) INTERNATIONAL LTD. (FRANKI) from December 12 to 16, 2016 for the proposed solar
farm development at Solitude project site. The consulting geotechnical engineering services of
GEOCRUST LTD (Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Geoscientists) were retained by FRANKI to
carry out a geotechnical investigation factual report preparation services for this project. This factual
report summarizes the results of the site investigations and in-situ testing carried out for FRANKI on
behalf of GREEN YELLOW CONSTRUCTION (MAURITIUS) LTD. This report is being written to
provide factual information.
The tests and terminologies used in this report are according to BS1377: 1990 and BS5930: 1999+A2
2010. The site investigations generally follow accepted practices for geotechnical engineering. The
format and contents of this report are guided by the client specific needs.
Presented herein are the results of our findings concerning the work carried out such as subsoil and
groundwater conditions from six (6) trial pits and In-situ tests (DPSH (Dynamic Probe Super Heavy)
and Percolation Tests).
1.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK
The aim of this geotechnical investigation is intended to provide factual information of the ground and
sub-strata conditions for proposed solar farm development. The objectives of the geotechnical
investigation were as follows:
• To characterize the weathering sequence rock, mainly to identify and locate potential weak
layers;
• To determine the engineering properties of the different layers of the subsoil;
• To determine if the soil materials are suitable for construction purposes;
• To assess foundation conditions for the construction of the facility; and
• To identify any other geotechnical aspects that may be relevant to the construction of the
facility.
In order to accomplish these objectives, the following scopes of work have been performed:
 Excavation of 6 Nos. of test pits including in-situ tests (DPSH) in all trial pits;
 Submission of geotechnical soil investigation report including logs and photographs of trial pits,
together with all pertinent information obtained from the field investigations as required by the
project scope of work.
The geotechnical site investigation was carried out as per “Code of Practice for Site Investigation - BS
5930:1999” and project specifications. The tests and terminologies used in this report are according to
BS1377: 1990 and BS5930: 1999.
Page 1 of 13 FACTUAL REPORT

GEOTECHNICAL SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR FUTURE
2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION
The project site (Site) is located at Solitude, which is in the town of Triolet under Pamplemousses
District in the northern part of the Mauritius Island. Key site location of study area in Regional Context
is shown in Figure 1, Appendix A. The general location of the site is presented in Figure 2, Appendix
A: Aerial Google Map and Figure 3, Appendix A: Land use map of the project site.
The project site is undeveloped and unoccupied lot during time of geotechnical investigation. The
proposed solar farm facility is located agricultural field surrounded by graveled track roads. The PV
solar plant site is accessed through a graded gravel road from B39 road.
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
It is understood that the proposed development will comprise the construction of a series of solar
panels attach to frames that are founded in the sub-soils on the site. It is assumed that the general
topography of the development site shall be retained and without extensive earthwork. The
development will include clearing of existing vegetation and unsuitable soil, site grading in approved
areas, construction of solar panels and ground support systems, associated infrastructures,
underground connective conduit utility installation and access roads. The project details were not
provided during the geotechnical site investigation. GEOCRUST understood that design of foundation
shall be made based on this soil investigation findings and recommendations.

2.3 REVIEW OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION
In preparation of this factual report, GEOCRUST has carried out the following reconnaissance work:
• Review of previous geotechnical reports of the surrounding areas prepared by our company
and others;
• Parish, D.H. (1965). Notes on the1:100000 Soil Map of Mauritius. Published by MSRI,
Mauritius;
• Giorgi, Loicc (1999). Carte Geologiue au 1:50000 Schema hydrogeologique, Mauritius;
2.4 REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE OF THE STUDY SITE
The island of Mauritius is of volcanic origin and formed by several series of basaltic rock of volcanic
activities. Intermediate and more recent series of volcanic eruptions from several small emissions of
volcanic rock distributed over the whole island cover the ancient central volcanic plateau and the
deeply eroded valleys heading to the sea. Most of the island is now covered with the intermediate and
late flows which have in general a gentle dipping towards the sea from the interior of the island.
Isolated remnants of the initial ancient series occur in the highest peak of the island.
The lava flows consist of a sequence of massive basalt strata with vacuolar (vesicular) strata and
volcanic breccias on top. Volcanic tuff layers occurs in-between the lava flows. The prevailing rock is a
fine grained, dark to light grey, hard to very hard basalt often with intrusions of variable chemical
composition. The vesicular strata have sometimes vesicles which are filled with calcite, zeolite or
aragonite.
Sedimentary rocks (Calcarenite/Carbonated formation of coral origin) can be found on the island along
coast. Overburdens are in-situ residual soil or colluviums, i.e. transported hill wash of completely
weathered basaltic rock. Alluvial deposits which can be found rarely along some rivers are particular
sand and gravel of eroded and transported basalt fractures. Occasionally alluvial clayey soil is to be
found in some river valleys.
The project site under ground investigation belongs to Recent Volcanic formation. The geological map
(Giorgi, Loicc-1999) presented in the Figure 4, Appendix A, which shows location of project site.
The project site consists of Low Humic Latosolic Soil (Published Notes on the 1:100,000 soil map of
Mauritius by parish et. al. 1965) is presented in Figure 5 (Appendix A).
The exploratory trial pits for subsurface strata confirmed the geological and soil profile described in the
published records.

3.0 SITE INVESTIGATION PROGRAM
The location of the site and the exploratory excavations in conjunction with this investigation are also
presented on Figure 6, Appendix A: Project Site Location Plan and test locations. The geotechnical
investigation consisted of exploratory trial pits and in-situ test. A general description of the present
scope of work carried out is presented in the following sections. The detail of field investigations
performed is shown in the Table 1.
TABLE 1 : DETAILS OF FIELD INVESTIGATION PERFORMED
Trial Pit # In-situ Tests In-situ Tests

Depth (m)
(DPSH) (PERCOLATION TESTS)
TP-1 3.00 1 No. of test 1 No. of test
TP-3 2.40 1 No. of test Not Applicable
3.1 EXPLORATORY TRIAL PITS
Total Six Nos. of trial pits were excavated on the project site using excavator JCB JS 200SC using
hammer when very stiff clay soil / rocky mass encountered during excavation. The exposed subsoil
were inspected and logged after completion of excavation. The logging of subsoil profiles were
carried out by an engineering geologist in accordance with “Geological Society Engineering Group
Working Party Report on The Logging of Rock Cores for Engineering Purposes” &“Code of Practice
for Site Investigation: BS 5930”. In-situ tests (DPSH tests) were carried out in accordance with project
requirements. The geotechnical logs of trial pits together with photographs are attached in Appendix
B. All trial pits were backfilled with adequate compaction with layer thickness 300 mm using backhoe
bucket immediately after completion of investigation.
3.2 IN-SITU DYNAMIC PROBE SUPER HEAVY (DPSH) TESTS IN TRIAL PITS
Dynamic Probe (Super Heavy) Test were carried out in all trial pit locations at the site as per scope of
work to review soil penetration using this test. The Dynamic Probing test is used to determine the
resistance of soils in situ to the intermittent penetration of a cone, driven dynamically in a standard
manner and in accordance to B.S. 1377: Part 9. It was performed by dropping a 63.5kg hammer from
a 760mm fall height and measuring a penetration depth per blow for each 300mm depth. A 60 degree
disposable cone is fitted onto the bottom of the SPT sampler. The DPSH experiment results are
attached Appendix C.

3.3. PERCOLATION TEST PROCEDURE & RESULTS
The percolation tests were performed in accordance with BS 6297:1983 and as per the Client
requirement in the exploratory excavation to determine rate of percolation at the proposed site. The
test was performed by filling water in a square hole of (400×400×400) mm size, water to the depth of
300mm and observe the time, in seconds, for the water to seep away from 75% full to 25% full level
(i.e. a depth of 150mm) at the trial pits TP-1, TP-2, TP-4, TP-5 and TP-6 at various depth from existing
ground level. The test pits were kept filled with water for overnight saturation before percolation test.
Variation in water level with respect to time (w.r.t.) was then recorded for a total 3 times, as presented
in Appendix D. Based on the data obtained, the percolation value (Vp) and permeability (K) of the trial
pit locations are presented in below. The graphs of the rate of percolation are shown in Figures 7-11
below as well as in Appendix D, which also contains details about the calculations.
Table 2: Percolation Test results

Average Permeability Based on
Percolation Test Percolation Value average time taken for drop
Trial pits
Depth(m) Vp (s/mm) of water
(K) mm/hr
TP 1 3.00 *NOT SUITABLE
TP 2 2.00 *NOT SUITABLE
TP 4 3.00 11 321
TP 5 3.00 19 189
TP 6 2.00 23 155
Note:
• As per BS 6297:2007-If Vp is between 1 and 15, or greater than 100, make further tests on a minimum
of three different locations in the areas of the proposed drainage field (at study site the test results failed
at location TP 1 & TP 2). If the results are still failed after further tests, the regulator should be consulted
to identify alternative options for disposal.
• *If the water has NOT soaked away within “6 HOURS”, the area is NOT SUITABLE.

Plots of Percolation Rate
FIGURE 7: GRAPH FOR PERCOLATION RATE AT TP 1



4.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITION (GROUND TYPE & STRATIGRAPHY)
The detailed stratigraphy encountered in each trial pit locations of the subsoil are given on the attached
Geotechnical Trial Pit Logs (Appendix B). It is noted that the soil boundaries indicated on the trial pit
logs are inferred during the trial pit excavation. These boundaries are intended to reflect transition
zones for the purpose of geotechnical design and should not be interpreted as exact planes of
geological change and change in soil conditions between test holes is beyond our controls. There are
variations in the type and layer thickness of the subsoil materials throughout the site. Based on the
stratigraphy encountered in the trial pits, the general subsurface soil conditions consisted of each
locations (existing ground surface) are summarized in Table 4 based on our professional judgments.
TABLE 3: SUBSURFACE SOIL/ROCK DEPTH INTERVALS BELOW EXISTING GROUND

SURFACE (M)
Description of strata
BASALT
Very weak to weak (VW-W)
BASALT ROCK
Location TOPSOIL occasional medium strong (MS)
Very stiff Medium strong (MS) to strong (S)
(Gravelly Silt / completely weathered to residual
SILTY CLAY occasional weak (W) highly
Gravelly Clay) grade
weathered
TP1 0.0-0.35m 0.35-3.00m NA NA
TP2 0.0-0.45m 0.45-2.40m NA 2.40-2.50m
TP3 0.0-0.30m 0.30-1.50m NA 1.50-2.40m
TP4 0.0-0.25m 0.25-3.00m NA NA
TP5 0.0-0.30m 0.30-2.80m 2.80-3.00m NA
TP6 0.0-0.35m 0.35-2.80m NA 2.80-3.00m

NA:NOT APPLICABLE
For the purpose of foundation design, the subsoil ground profile is presented on the basis of the
stringent case as follows:
0.00-0.30 m: Soft to firm, dry to slight moist, light to dark reddish brown colour, GRAVELLY
SILT / GRAVELLY CLAY with occasional cobbles and plenty of plant rootlets. (Topsoil)
0.30-2.50 m±: Very stiff, light orangish brown to reddish brown colour, SILTY CLAY with
occasional cobbles, boulders and residual grade basalt.
2.50-3.00m±: Weak to medium strong (W-MS) with occasional very weak (VW), light grey with
yellowish to purple discolourations, fine grained, highly vesicular, BASALT ROCK of highly
weathered and occasional completely weathered to residual grade.

TABLE 4: SUMMARIZED SUB-SURFACE GROUND CONDITION
DESCRIPTION
LAYERS DEPTH OF STRATA LITHO-STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS &
(APPROXIMAT (TOP TO GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
E) BOTTOM)
1 0.0 – 0.30 m TOPSOIL Soft to firm, dry to slight moist, light to dark
(±) reddish brown colour, GRAVELLY SILT /
GRAVELLY CLAY with occasional cobbles and
plenty of plant rootlets
2 0.30 –2.50m RESIDUAL Very stiff, light orangish brown to reddish brown
(±) SOIL colour, SILTY CLAY with occasional cobbles,
boulders and residual grade basalt, (PP.=>4.5
kg/cm²), estimated Unit weight=18KN/m3,
Undrained Shear strength of Silty clay=100 kPa &
internal angle of friction (Ø) = 20-250
3 2.50-3.00m BASALT Weak to medium strong (W-MS) with occasional

(±) ROCK very weak (VW), light grey with yellowish to purple
discolourations, fine grained, highly vesicular,
BASALT BED ROCK of highly weathered and
occasional completely weathered to residual
grade, estimated unit weight=22 KN/m3, estimated
UCS=1-60Mpa, internal angle of friction (Ø) = 380

5.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS
Groundwater affects many elements of the foundation design and construction. Groundwater
observations are presented on the trial pit Logs (Appendix B) and Table 5. It must be recognized that
groundwater levels are subject to seasonal and annual fluctuations depending on many factors such
as fluctuation of sea level, heavy or prolonged precipitation water line break, surface drainage and
hydrogeology of the area. Therefore, the actual groundwater levels recorded at this time of
investigation may differ from those noted in the Trial Pit Logs and Table 5 at the time of construction.
TABLE 5: GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS BELOW EXISTING GROUND SURFACE (M)

Trial pit # Depth (m) Water Level (m)
TP-1 3.00 Dry
TP-2 2.50 Dry
TP-3 2.40 Dry
TP-4 3.00 Dry
TP-5 3.00 Dry
TP-6 2.80 Dry

6.0 REFERENCES
1. British Standard Institution (1999). Code of Practice for Site Investigation: BS 5930, British
Standard Institution, London.
2. British Standard Institution (1990). Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes:
BS 1377, British Standard Institution, London.
3. British Standard Institution (1983). Design and Installation of small sewage

treatment works and cesspools: BS 6297-1983, British Standard Institution, London.
4. Core Logging Committee The South Africa Section. A Guide to Core Logging for Rock
Engineering, Proceeding Exploration In Rock Engineering-Johannesburg, 1976, pp.71-86.
5. Giorgi, Loicc (1999). Carte Geologiue au 1:50000 Schema hydrogeologique, Mauritius.
6. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology (1995). The Working Party Report the
description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes Geological
Society Engineering Group, Vol. 28, P 207-242. Geological Society of London.
7. Parish, D.H. (1965). Notes on the1:100000 Soil Map of Mauritius. Published by

MSRI, Mauritius

7.0 CLOSURE
Geological conditions are variable. At the time this report was prepared, information on the sub-
surface conditions was available only at the trial pit locations. Therefore, it was necessary to make
certain assumptions concerning conditions between the trial pit locations. The recommendations
presented in this report and any subsequent correspondence are based on an evaluation of
information derived from 6 trial pits at the site. The conditions found are believed to be reasonably
representative of the site. If conditions are noted during construction which are believed to be at
variance with the conditions described in this report, this office should be contacted immediately.
This factual geotechnical soil investigation report has been prepared for the exclusive use of GREEN
YELLOW CONSTRUCTION (MAURITIUS) LTD. and their representatives for specific application to
the area described within this report. The material contained in the report reflects our best judgment of
GEOCRUST LTD., in the light of the information available at the time of the preparation. Any use which
a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions made based on it, are the sole
responsibility of such third parties. Geocrust Ltd., accepts no responsibility for damages, if any,
suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. This report
was prepared in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering principles and
practices. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. “Contractors bidding on or undertaking
the works should, in this light, decide on their own investigations, as well as their own interpretations of
the factual trial pit test results, so that they may draw their own conclusions as to how the subsurface
conditions may affect them”.
We trust that this report is self-explanatory. We appreciate the opportunity of providing this service for
you. If you have any questions concerning this report, please do not hesitate to contact this office.
Respectfully submitted,
GEOCRUST LTD.
December 21, 2016
Prepared by Reviewed by:

Mr. Karthikeyan Ganesan, M.Tech. Chandra Acharya, M.ASc., M.Tech., P.Eng., RPEM
Engineering Geologist Principal Geotechnical Engineer
Registered Professional Engineer of Mauritius (ID. 1202)
Professional Engineer of Canada (ON, AB, BC, SK, MB)
Enclosures: Appendix A to D

TP-11
TP-5 TP-6
TP-10
TP-12 TP-8
TP-9
TP-7 TP-5
TP-4 TP-6
TP-13
TP-2
TP-3
TP-3
TP-2 TP-1
LEGENDS:
Location of Trialpits &

TP-1 DPSH Tests
CLIENT: KEY PLAN

SITE PLAN SHOWING LOCATION OF TRIALPITS ON SITE
GREEN YELLOW CONSTRUCTION MAURITIUS
PROJECT
DESIGN ENGINEER FOR CLIENT:
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR FUTURE SOLAR FARM AT SOLITUDE, MAURITIUS
DRAWN: CHKD.: REV.: DATE:

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER (FOR CONTRACTOR): GK CA 0 19-Dec-16
SCALE: PROJECT REF: DRAWING NO.
NTS MU159-2016 FIGURE 6

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APPENDICES

THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 1991

Regulations made by the Minister under sections 36 and 74

1. These regulations may be cited as the Environment Protection (Environmental

“industrial noise” means noise generated by a factory;

"neighbourhood noise" means any noise other than-

Amended by [GN No. 115 of 2003]

3. The environmental noise standards shall be the standards specified in the

6. These regulations shall come into operation on 1 March 1997.

Made by the Minister on 13 February, 1997.

NOISE EXPOSURE LIMITS

07.00 - 21.00 hrs 60*dB(A) Leq

07.00 - 18.00 hrs 60 dB(A) Leq

Power Station Noise

21.00 - 07.00 hrs ... 55 dB(A)Leq

In any other area -

Added by [GN No. 115 of 2003]

Made by the Minister on 24th August 1998.

Ambient Pollutant Standard Averaging Time Measurement Method*

THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 2002

"HWM" means the High Water Mark at spring tide;

"Wastewater system "-

(b) does not include house sewers;

7. These regulations shall come into operation on 01 September 2003.

Made by the Minister on 05 February 2003

List of parameters for each industrial activity

Beverage Industries Temperature, Ph, COD, BOD₅, TSS, Sodium, Detergents

Industrial Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5,. TSS, Chloride, Nitrate as N, TKN,

Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, Free

Manufacture of Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5 Reactive. Phosphorus, TSS,

Manufacture of Temperature, pH, COD, BOD₅, Reactive Phosphorus, Free

Tanning Colour, Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5, Reactive Phosphorus, TSS,

Parameter Unit Maximum permissible limit

Oil & Grease mg/1 10

Parameter Unit Maximum permissible limit

E. Coli MPN per 100 ml <200

Free Chlorine mg/1 0.5

Colour - Not objectionable

Oil & Grease mg/1 10

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARM AT SOLITUDE

1.2. PROJECT SITE AND PROJECT AREA

Figure 1: Site Location

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

1.3. SCOPE OF STUDY

1. Site reconnaissance surveys

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

1.4. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

Figure 1: Site Location

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

1.5. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

Plate 2 -Existing agricultural practices on the site

Plate 3 - Drip irrigation within agricultural plantation

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association

Tel : (230) 454-7566

Plate 4 - Tracks at higher elevation that adjoining fields

Consulting Engineers Ltd. a FIDIC Member Association