DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT

Revision No. : A

6.0 DESIGN OF PRECAST TOP COVER

Design Data
Top of road = TOR = 2.45 m
Invert level of culvert = IL = 0.75 m
Clear span = L = 6000 mm
Thickness of wall = Tw = 400 mm
Thickness of base slab = Tbs = 500 mm
Effective span of top cover slab = Le = 6400 mm
Thickness of top cover slab = Tts = 500 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete = fcu = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel = fy = 360 N/mm2
Depth of soil inside culvert = D = 0.00 m
Clear cover = cmin = 25 mm

Soil Data
Coefficient of active lateral earth pressure Ka = 0.42
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ko = 0.593
Coefficient of passive lateral earth pressure Kp = 2.37
Density of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Density of soil gs = 18 kN/m3
Safe Bearing Capacity SBC = 300 kN/m2
225

225

6790
TOR 2.450
PRECAST COVER SLAB 500
1140

TOC 0.750
500

400 6000 400

TYPICAL SECTION OF CULVERT

 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

Thickness of top cover slab = Tts = 500 mm

Dia of main reinforcement bar = f1 = 25 mm
Area of single bar = as = 490.87 mm2
Effective depth of slab = d = 500 - 25 - 12 - 25 / 2 = 450.50 mm
Effective width of cover slab = Load width + 2.4 x ( 1 - x / l ) CL 3.5.2.2, BS 8110-1
wherex = distance from the nearer support to the section under considerd = 3.200 m
l = effective span = 6.400 m
As per 5.3.2.14, Specification for Civil design
Wheel load N = 224 kN
This point load is distributed over the tyre contact area 250 mm x 500 mm
where, length of contact area = a = 250.00 mm
width of contact area = b = 500.00 mm
Hence effective width = 0.5 + 2.4 ( 3.2 ) ( 1 - 3.2 / 6.4 ) = 4.34 m when wheel load is
at center of the precast panel
Effective width when wheel is at edge of the panel = 0.5 / 2 + 4.34 / 2 = 2.17 m C.L. 3.5.2.2, BS 8110-1

Precast cover slab

Vehicle movement

Wheel
a
b

PART PLAN OF PRECAST COVER

Width of Precast panel considered for design = W = 1480 mm For moment

Length of precast panel = 6790 mm

Load Calculation
a ) Dead Load
Self weight of slab = 1.48 ( 0.5 ) 24 = 17.76 kN/m
Total dead load = 6.4 ( 17.76 ) = 113.67 kN

b ) Vehicle Load ( Live load )

Wheel load = 224 kN
Total Live load = = 224.00 kN
Moment when wheel load is at center = 224 ( 6.4 ) / 4 = 358.40 kN.m
Moment due to Dead Load = 17.76 ( 6.4 ) ^2 / 8 = 90.94 kN.m
Total Factored moment = 763.9 kN.m
Shear when Wheel is at " d " from face of wall = [( 113.67 / 2 ) + ( 224 ) ]
= 280.84 kN
Factored Shear = 421.26 kN
 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

Width of Precast panel considerd for design = 1480 mm
K = M / b d2 fcu
= ( 763.878 x 1000000 ) / ( 1480 x 450.5^2 x 30 ) = 0.0848 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 450.5 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0848 / 0.9 ) } = 403.06 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 450.5 ) = 427.98 mm
Hence z = 403.06 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 763.878 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 403.06 )
= 5542 mm2
Minimum reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.13%
= 0.13 ( 1480 ) ( 500 ) / 100 = 962 mm2
Hence As = 5542 mm 2

Spacing of rebar = ( ass ) (W ) / As

= ( 490.87 ) ( 1480 ) / ( 5542 ) = 131 mm c / c
PROVIDE 12 T 25 BARS AT SPACING @ 125 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 12 ( 490.87 ) = 5890.44 mm2

Distribution Rebar As per table 3.25 of BS 8110

Minimum reinforcement for flexure tension = 0.13 % of effective area = 650 mm2
Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 650 mm 2

Use T 12 for Distribution reinforcement as of Distribution bar = 113.1 mm2

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 650 ) = 174 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 12 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 113.1 ) = 791.70 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR (Ref. Table3.8, BS 8110-1)

Factored shear = 421.3 kN

% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 5890.44 ) / ( 1480 * 450.5 ) = 1.77 % < 3 gm = 1.25
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d } 1/3
( 400 / d ) 1/4
/ gm
vc = 0.885 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N /mm2
for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0.940 N/mm2
Width of precast panel = 1480 mm
Shear strength of the section = ( 0.94 ) ( 1480 ) ( 450.5 ) / 1000 = 626.74 kN OK
Utility ratio in Shear = 421.26 / 626.74 = 0.673
 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

7.0 DESIGN OF WALL

Thickness of wall Tw = 400 mm Dia of main reinforcement bar = 20 mm
Effective depth of wall = 400 - 40 - 20 / 2 = 350 mm Area of single bar = 314.2 mm2
Height of wall above base slab = 1.20 m

Load calculation
a) Vehicle Load ( Live load )
As per Specification for Civil design, the loading has been considered
Wheel load N = 448 kN Ref. Section 5.3.2.14
This point load is distributed over the tyre contact area (250mm x 250mm)
where, length of contact area = a = 250.00 mm
width of contact area = b = 250.00 mm
Depth at which effect of surcharge is calculated = h = 1.20 m
a = 0.25 m b = 0.25 m
distance of point load from face of wall d = 0.125 m Wheel touching the wall face
Load concentrated on area ab
( As per " Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook" by Reynolds d=a/2

N N N
d S = 0.9

m
TOR TOR
1

a Ka N b b
d / 1.2

F s=
a
h d+ h
2 L1 =2 h1 +b
0.5

wall B =h + d +a / 2 L=2 h + S + b

L = Length of wall affected by surcharge =

B = ( 1.2 ) + 0.125 + 0.25 / 2 = 1.45 m L = 6.95 m Lateral
Fs = 0.42 ( 448 ) / ( 0.125 + ( 0.25 / 2 ) ) = 752.64 kN/m
This load will act on L1 = 752.64 ( 0.46 ) = 346.22 kN
This load will be distributed on length = 6.95 m
Load per unit length = 346.22 / 6.95 = 49.82 kN/m Lateral
UDL load due to wheel load on base slab = ( 448 ) / ( 6.95 ) = 64.47 kN/m Vertical
Length of wall considered for design = 1.00 m
This Lateral load will act at d / 1.2 from top of wall, Ref. Table 20 of Reinforced concrete handbook
hence this load will be acting at h1 = 0.125 / = 0.105 m from top by Reynolds,
and at 1.100 m from base slab

a ) Earth load ( calculated on 1.00 m width of wall )

Lateral Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 0.593 ( 18 ) 1.2 ( 1 ) = 9.08 kN/m
Total Lateral earth pressure = 9.08 ( 1.2 ) / 2 = 5.45 kN/m
Total lateral load at wall base = 5.45 + 49.82 = 55.27 kN/m
Moment due to retained earth = 5.45 ( 1.2 ) / 3 = 2.18 kN.m / m at bottom of wall
Moment due to Vehicle surcharge = 49.82 ( 1.1 ) = 54.81 kN.m
Moment due to retained earth = [ ( 5.45 ) ( 1.2 ) / 3 ] = 2.18 kN.m / m
Moment due to Vehicle surcharge = ( 49.82 ) 1.1 ] = 54.81 kN.m / m at bottom
Total factored moment at bottom of wall = Muw = 85.49 kN.m / m of wall
Factored shear at wall base = (1.5)*( ( 5.45 ) + ( 49.82 )) = 82.91 kN.m / m of wall
 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

Width of wall considered = 1000 mm
K = M / b d2 fcu
= ( 85.49 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 350^2 x 30 ) = 0.0233 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 350 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0233 / 0.9 ) } = 340.70 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 350 ) = 332.50 mm
Hence z = 332.50 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 85.49 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 332.5 )
= 752 mm2
Vertical reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.20%
= 0.2 ( 1000 ) ( 400 ) / 100 = 800 mm2
Hence As = 800 mm 2

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As

= ( 314.16 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 800 ) = 392 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 20 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 314.16 ) = 2199.12 mm2

Therefore, provide T 20 @ 150 mm c/c both ways

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

= 82.91 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated at base of wall, conservatively
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 2199.12 ) / ( 1000 * 350 ) = 0.63 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0.56 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N /mm 2

for fcu = 30 N /mm 2

vc = 0.600 N/mm 2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.6 ) ( 1000 ) ( 350 ) / 1000 = 210.00 kN OK

 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

8.0 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

CASE 1 WHEN TOP COVER IS IN PLACE AND WHEEL IS ON TOP OF WALL

Width of base slab = 6.80 m Dia of main reinforcement bar = 25 mm

Length of base slab = 9.90 m Area of single bar = 491 mm2
Thickness of base slab = 500 mm
Effective depth of base slab = 500 - 70 - 25 / 2 = 417.50 mm

Wheel load = 448.0 kN

= 1000 mm same as design width of wall
Intensity of wheel pressure = wheel load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab (ie. 1.00 m ) )
= 448 / ( 6 ) ( 9.9 ) = 7.55 kN/m2
Weight of wall at supports = Height of wall x wall thickness x Length of wall x 24 = ( 2 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 9.9 ) 24
= 114.05 kN single wall load

Weight of wall at 2.5m from end = Height of wall x wall thickness x Length of wall x 24 = ( 1.5 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 1 ) 24

= 14.40 kN
Walls are on both side hence wall load will be distributed uniformly through base slab
Intensity of wall pressure = Wall load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab (ie. 1.00 m ) )
= 114.05 ( 2 ) / ( 6 ) 9.9 = 3.9 kN/m2
Pressure due to base slab = Thickness of slab x 24 = ( 0.5 ) 24 = 12.0 kN/m2
Pressure due to top slab = Thickness top slab x 24 = ( 0.5 ) 24 = 12.0 kN/m2
Uniform distributed pressure due to soil inside trench = 18 ( 0 ) = 0.0 kN/m2

Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load

= 0 + 3.85 + 12 + 12 = 27.85 kN/m2
Total uniform distributed pressure due to Live load ( vehicle ) = = 7.55 kN/m2
Total Uniform distributed pressure = 35.40 kN/m2
Moment due to wheel load = Wheel load x [ ( L / 2 ) + ( Tw /2 ) ]
= 448 ( 3.2 ) = 1433.6 kN.m
Section modulus = Z = b ( d )2 / 6 = 9.9 ( 6.8 ) ^2 / 6 = 76.30 m3
Design width of base slab considered = 1000 mm
Pmax = 35.4 + ( 1433.6 ) / 76.3 = 54.2 kN/m2 OK
Pmin = 35.4 - ( 1433.6 ) / 76.3 = 16.62 kN/m 2
OK NO TENSION

448.0 kN ( Vehicle-point load )

35.40 kN/m2
BASE SLAB

A B
6000

54 kN/m2 16.62 kN/m2

 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

CASE 2 WHEN TOP COVER IS REMOVED AND CRANE IS OPERATING NEAR WALL
Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load = 27.85 - 12 = 15.85 kN/m2
Moment at base due to vehicular surcharge = 49.82 ( 1.1 + 0.5 ) = 79.72 kN.m
Moment due to Passive Earth Pressure on opposite wall = Vehicular surcharge x ( h + Tbs ) / 3
= -49.82 ( 1.2 + 0.5 ) / 3
= -28.24 kN.m

Pmax = 15.85 + [ 79.72 + ( -28.24 ) ] / 76.3 = 16.53 kN/m2 OK

Pmin = 15.85 - [ 79.72 + ( -28.24 ) ] / 76.3 = 15.18 kN/m2 OK NO TENSION

15.85 kN/m2
BASE SLAB

A B

6000

15.2 kN/m2
16.53 kN/m2

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT

Assuming uniform bearing pressure i.e. average bearing pressure

Moment at En= [ 16.62 ( 6 ) ^2 / 12 ] + [ ( 54.19 - 16.62 ) ( 6 ) ^2 / 20 ]
= 117.49 kN.m

Moment at End = 117.49 kN.m

Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 2.18 kN.m
Total moment at edge of slab 117.49 + 2.18 = 119.67 kN.m

Factored Design Bending moment of Wall = 85.49 kN.m

WHEN TOP COVER IS REMOVED AND CRANE IS OPERATING NEAR WALL

Moment at wall base due to crane surcharge = 54.81 kN.m
Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 2.18 kN.m
Base pressure due to dead load 27.85 - 12 = 15.85 kN/m2
Moment at base slab end = 15.85 ( 6 ) ^2 / 12 = 48 kN.m
Moment at base slab end = [ 47.55 ] = 47.6 kN.m
Total Factored moment at Base slab end = 54.81 + 2.18 + 47.55 = 156.8 kN.m

Hence, Design moment = 156.8 kN.m

 DOCUMENT NO : JI-187A-SA3-20-ECV-CAL-005
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : A

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

Width of wall considered = 1000 mm
K = M / b d2 fcu

= ( 156.81 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 417.5^2 x 30 ) = 0.0300 < 0.156

z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K' / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d

= 417.5 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.156 / 0.9 ) } = 324.36 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 417.5 ) = 396.63 mm
Hence z = 324 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 156.81 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 324.36 )
= 1414 mm2

Minimum reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.13%

= 0.13 ( 1000 ) ( 500 ) / 100 = 650 mm2
Hence As = 1414 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 490.87 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 1414 ) = 347 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 25 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 490.87 ) = 3436.09 mm2
Distribution Rebar As per table 3.25 of BS 8110
Minimum reinforcement for flexure tension = 0.13 % of effective area = 650 mm2
Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 650 mm2
Use T 12 for Distribution reinforcement as of Distribution bar = 113.1 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 650 ) = 174 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 12 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 113.1 ) = 791.70 mm 2

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

Shear Force acting at d from support = [wheel load + wall load + 1/2 (self-weight of top slab)] - [base pressure acting over the area]
= [(448) + (114.05) + ((1/2)* 12 * 6.8 * 9.9) - [(16.62*6.8*(417.5+400)/1000)]
= 874 kN
= 88.2 kN per metre width

% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 3436.09 ) / ( 1000 * 417.5 ) = 0.82 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0.586 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N/mm2
for fcu =30 N/mm2 vc = 0.62 N/mm 2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.58 ) ( 1000 ) ( 417.5 ) / 1000 = 260.0 kN OK

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
Revision No. : B

11.0 DESIGN OF WING WALL

Design data and load calculation

Grade level of acces way = FGL = 2.410 m
Top of the wall = EL = 2.350 m
Thickness of base slab = Tbf = 300.00 mm
Length of wall straight portion = Tf = 1300.00 mm
Width of base slab = WH = 3150.00 mm
Clear cover to reinforcement = cmin = 40.00 mm
Total height of wall above base slab = H = 2700 m
Depth of foundation below FGL = D = 1.40 m
Soil Parameters
Density of soil = gs = 18.00 kN/m3
Angle of internal friction = q = 24 deg
Coefficient of active earth pressure = Ka = 0.42
Coefficient of passive earth pressure = Kp = 2.37
Allowable bearing pressure = Sbc = 175.00 kN/m2

Material Properties

Characteristic strength of concrete = fcu = 30.00 kN/m2

Characteristic strength of steel = fy = 360.00 kN/m2
Dia. of main Reinforcement bar = f = 12.00 mm
Dia. of distribution Reinforcement bar = 12.00 mm
Effective depth of section = 300 - 40 - 12 / 2 = d = 254.00 mm
Area of single main reinforcement bar = as = 113.10 mm2
Area of single distribution reinforcement bar = 113.10 mm2

LOAD CALCULATIONS AT BASE ( per m length )

Lateral earth pressure at bottom of wall = 0.42 ( 18 ) 2.7 ( 1 ) = 20.42 kN
Total Lateral earth pressure = 20.42 ( 2.7 ) / 2 = 27.57 kN/m
Moment due to retained earth = 27.57 ( 2.7 ) / 3 = 24.82 kN.m / m
at bottom of wall
Total factored moment at bottom of wall = 37.23 kN.m / m
Factored shear at wall base = 1.5 ( 27.57 ) = 41.36 kN

Total lateral force at base = 20.42 = 20.42 kN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
STABILITY CHECK
Check against Overturning Moment
Total Overturning moment
DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
Revision No. : B
= 37.23 kN.m

Restoring Vertical Forces due to

UDL due to Earth on base slab = 18 ( 2.7 )
= 48.60 kN/m
Wall load ( straight portion) = ( 1.3 ) ( 2700 ) ( 1 ) 24 1300
= 84.24 kN EL 2.35
Base Slab Weight = ( 0.3 ) ( 3.15 ) 24
WEarth
= 22.68 kN/m
Wall load ( sloping portion) = ( 0.5 ) ( 2.7 - 1.4 ) ( 1.85 ) 24
= 28.86 kN

2700
WWall1
FGL

###
300
WBase A

3150
Calculating restoring moment @ point "A"

Moment due to Earth load on base slab = 48.6 ( 3.15 ) ( 3.15 / 2 )

= 241.12 kN.m
Moment due to Wall load ( straight portion ) = 84.24 ( 1.3 )
= 109.51 kN.m
Moment due Base Slab = 22.68 ( 3.15 )^2 / 2
= 112.52 kN.m
Total Restoring Moment = 241.12 + 109.51 + 112.52
= 463.15 kN.m
Factor of Safety against Overturning = 463.15 / 37.23
= 12.44 > 1.5 OK
Net Moment = Restoring Moment - Overturning moment
= 463.15 - 37.23 = 425.92 kN.m
Check against Sliding
Sliding Forces = Lateral earth pressure at bottom of wall
= 20.42 kN.m
Total load of Earth & self weight = 48.6 ( 3.15 ) + 22.68 ( 3.15 )
= 224.54 kN
Total passive earth force force = 2.37 ( 18 ) ( 1.4 )^2 / 2 = 41.81 kN

Coeff of friction between soil and concrete, ( m ) = tan(2/3f) = 0.287

Restoring force = m*W + Passive earth pressure on other side
= 0.287 ( 224.54 ) + 41.81
= 106.25 kN
F.O.S = Restoring force / Sliding Force = 5.203 > 1.5 OK
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
Revision No. : B
CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE
Total vertical load = Self Weight
P = = 225 kN
Bearing pressure due to vertical load = 224.54 / ( 3.15 * 1 )
= 71.29 kN/m2
Additional pressure due to moment = M/Z
where, Z = section modulus = ( 1 ) ( 3.15 ) ^2 / 6 = 1.65 m4
Distance of resultant force, x = Net Moment / Total Vertical load
= 425.92 / 224.54 = 2.09 m
Eccentricity, e = x - Width of base slab / 2
< L / 6 ( I.e. width of base / 6 ) = 0.525 m
= 2.09 - 1.575 = 0.515 m < 0.525 OK < L / 6
Area of base A = 1 ( 3.15 ) = 3.15 m

Moment due to eccentricity = Total vertical load x e

= 224.54 (0.515 ) = 115.64 kN.m
Minimum pressure P1 = P / A + Me / z
= ( 224.54 / 3.15 ) + ( 115.64 / 1.65 )
= 141.37 kN/m2
Maximum pressure P2 = P / A - Me / Z
= ( 224.54 / 3.15 ) - ( 115.64 / 1.65 )
= 1.20 kN/m2 < 175 kPa SAFE IN BEARING PRESSURE

3150

P1 = 141.37 kN P2 = 1.20 kN

DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL ( considering unit length of wall )

LOAD CALCULATIONS AT TOP OF BASE SLAB
Total lateral earth pressure = 0.42 ( 18 ) ( 2.11 )^2 / 2 = 16.83 kN
Factored lateral earth force = 1.5 ( 16.83 ) = 25.25 kN
Moment due to earth at base = 25.25 ( 2.11 ) ( 1 / 3 ) = 17.76 kN.m
Total Factored lateral force ( Shear at base ) = ( 25.25 )
= 37.88 kN
Total moment at base of wall = 26.64 kN.m
CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL ( As per BS 8110-1 )
K = M / b d2 fcu Cl. 3.4.4.4
= ( 26.64 * 1000000 ) / ( 1000 * 254^2 * 30 ) = 0.0138 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 254 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0138 / 0.9 ) } = 250.05 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 254 ) = 241.30 mm
Hence z = 241.30 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 26.64 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 241.3 )
= 323 mm2
Minimum reinforcement : As per table 3.25 of BS 8110-1
Min reinforcement for flexurel tension = 0.2 % of concrete area
= 0.2 ( 1000 ) ( 300 ) / 100 = 600 mm2
Hence As = 600 mm 2

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As

= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 600 ) = 188 mm c / c
PROVIDE 6 T 12 BARS PER 1.0 m LENGTH OF THE WALL AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 6 ( 113.1 ) = 678.60 mm / m length
2
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
Revision No. : B

CHECK FOR SHEAR (Res. Table 3.8, BS 8110-1)

Factored Shear force = SF due to Earth + SF due to Liquid + SF due to liquid surcharge
= 37.88 kN for 1 m width Shear force is calculated at base of wall, conservatively

% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 678.6 ) / ( 1000 * 254 ) = 0.27 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N /mm2
for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0 N/mm2
Shear strength of the section = ( 0.48 ) ( 1000 ) ( 254 ) / 1000 = 121.92 kN OK

DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

Width of base slab = 3.40 m

Length of base slab = 8.80 m
Thickness of base slab = 400.00 mm
Reinforcement bar used = 20 mm Area of bar ( asb ) = 314.16 mm2
Effective depth of base slab = 400 - - 20 / 2 = 320.00 mm

Weight of wall = Height of wall x wall thickness x Length of wall x 24 = ( 2.7 ) ( 0.35 ) ( 1 ) 24
= 22.68 kN single wall load
Walls are on both side hence wall load will be distributed uniformly through base slab
Intensity of wall pressure = Wall load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab (ie. 1.00 m ) )
= 22.68 ( 2 ) / ( 6.2 ) 1 = 7.32 kN/m2
Pressure due to base slab = Thickness of slab x 24 = ( 0.4 ) = 9.60 kN/m2
Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load
= 7.32 + 9.6 = 16.92 kN/m2

Total Uniform distributed pressure = 16.92 kN/m2

Design width of base slab considered = 1000 mm
Pmax = 16.9 kN/m2 OK
Pmin = 16.9 kN/m2 OK NO TENSION

16.92 kN/m2

BASE SLAB

A 8800 B

16.9 16.9 kN/m2

kN/m2
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
Revision No. : B
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT
Assuming uniform bearing pressure I.e. average bearing pressure
Moment at A = [ 16.92 ( 8.8 ) 62 / 12 ]
= 109.20 kN.m
Factored moment at A = 1.5 ( 109.2 ) = 163.80 kN.m
Factored Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 37.23 kN.m
Total Factored moment at edge of slab 109.2 + 37.23 = 175.72 kN.m
Hence, Design moment = 175.7 kN.m

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

Width of wall considered = 1000 mm
K = M / b d2 fcu
= ( 175.716 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 320^2 x ) = 0.0572 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 320 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0572 / 0.9 ) } = 298.18 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 320 ) = 304.00 mm
Hence z = 298.18 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 175.716 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 298.18 )
= 1724 mm2
Minimum reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.13%
= 0.13 ( ) ( ) / 100 = 520 mm2
Hence As = 1724 mm 2

Diameter of reinforcement bar = 16 mm2

Area of single reinforcement bar = 201.06 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( asb ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 314.16 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 1724 ) = 182 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 20 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 314.16 ) = 2199.12 mm2

Distribution Rebar As per table 3.25 of BS 8110

Minimum reinforcement for flexure tension = 0.13 % of effective area = 520 mm2
Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 520 mm 2

Use T 12 for Distribution reinforcement as of Distribution bar = 113.1 mm2

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 520 ) = 217 mm c / c
PROVIDE 7 T 12 BARS AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 7 ( 113.1 ) = 791.70 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

= [(7/10)*(16.92-16.92)*8.8] + [(1/2)*16.92*8.8]
= 74.45 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated, conservatively = Pmax
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 2199.12 ) / ( * ) = 0.814 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0.651 N/mm for fcu = 25 N /mm2
2

for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0.69 N/mm2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.69 ) ( ) ( ) / 1000 = 186.30 kN OK
 DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : B

10.0 DESIGN OF KERB

As per AASHTO clause 3.14.2 kerb shall be designed for a lateral load of 500 lbs per linear foot of kerb.

Therefore load kN/m = 7.49 kN/m 465

Wall thickness = 400 mm

Effective span = 8400 mm

650
Cover to reinforcement = 40 mm
Diameter of reinforcement used = 20 mm
Effective depth =465 - 40 - 20 = 405 mm

Horizontal moment due to load on kerb = 1.67 ( 7.49 ) ( 8.4 ) / 8

= 13.14 kN.m
Self weight of the section = ( 0.465 ) ( 0.65 ) 24 = 7.26 kN/m
Vertical moment due to self weight = ( 7.26 ) ( 8.4 )^2 / 8 = 64.04 kN.m

As per AASHTO clause 2.7 Railing Design Load = 10.0 kips

Railing design loading = P = 10.0 kips = 45.6 kN
Torsion due to P = [ ( 22.8 ) ( 0.589 ) + ( 22.8 ) ( 0.208 ) ]
= 18.18 kN.m P/2
GUARD RAIL
Horizontal moment due to P = 45.6 ( 8.4 ) / 4
= 95.76 kN.m 381
P/2
Vertical shear = (7.26) ( 8.4 ) / 2
208

= 30.50 kN
Horizontal Shear = ( 45.6 ) = 45.6 kN
100

TOP OF ROAD
CURB
500

Reference 1 : BS 8110:2000 Part-1 Y

Z h

Axial Shear-Z Torsion Mom-Y Mom-Z

Shear-Y kN Remark Section
Force kN kN kNm kNm kNm

0 30.50 45.6 18.18 108.9 64.04 Max Mom span

Ultimate moment Mu= 64.04 kN-m (Mz)

 DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : B
Shear Force V= 30.5 kN (Fy)
Max. torsion,T= 18.18 kN-(Torsion)
Max axial force N = 0 kN
N/bhfcu = 0.00 < 0.1 Hence Ignore design for axial load
( Ref 1, CL 3.4.4.1 )
Design Parameter:

Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar,fy= 360 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of concrete fcu= 30 N/mm2
Ratio bb = 1.00
gc = 1.5
gs = 1.05
Depth of section,h= 650 mm
Width of section,b = 465 mm
Top concrete Cover= 40 mm
Bot. concrete cover,d' = 40 mm
Side concrete Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of reinforcement bar= 16 mm

Design for Vertical Bending : (Ref.1, CL.3.4.4.4)

Effective depth of member,d = 602 mm
K' = 0.156
( Ref CL 3.4.4.4 )
K = M u = 0.013 < K'
b d 2 fcu
Compression reinforcement not required

Z = d { 0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - K / 0.9) } = 593.40 mm > 571.90 mm

Hence Z = 571.90 mm

X = (d-Z) = 66.89 mm
0.45
Tension steel required Ast = 327 mm2 Min Ast = 393 mm2
Nos of bar required = 2 nos
Compression steel required Asc = 0 mm2 Min Asc = 393 mm2
Nos of bar required 2 nos

Number of Tension reinf. bar provided = 3 nos. 16 dia + 1 16 dia

Area of tension reinf. provided = 804 mm2
Number of compression reinf bar provided = 4 nos. 16 dia
Area of compression reinf. provided = 804 mm2
Total reinforcement provided for bending Asp= 1608 mm2
 DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : B
Design for Shear & Torsion :

Diameter of link or stirrup bar = 10 mm

y1 = 560 mm
y1 T
x1 = 375 mm
hmax = 650 mm
hmin = 465 mm
x1
Max. Shear stress developed v =V/bd= 0.109 Vertical Shear
= ( 45.6 ) 1000 / ( 650 ) ( 409 ) = 0.180 N/mm2Horizontal Shear W

< 8 (fcu)^2 or 5 N/mm2 (Ref.1,CL.3.4.5.2) (Reinforcements are Indicative Only)

ptt provided = 0.287 %

Permissible shear stress,vc= 0.400 N/mm2 >v (Ref 1, Table 3.8)
vc' = vc + 0.6NVh/AM
Vh/M = 0.000 < 1
vc' = 0.400 N/mm2

Hence no shear reinforcement is required

Shear resistance required by link Vu = 0.00 kN
Vu = 0.4 b d Table 3.7 -BS8110-1
0 . 95 f A sv Vu
For shear links K u1 = yv
= = 260.00 N/mm
sv d

2T
Shear stress due to torsion, vt = = 0.34 N/mm2 (Ref.2,CL.2.4.4,Eq-2)
h2min (h max−hmin /3)

So, v + vt = 0.52 N/mm2 < vtu Hence ok

vtu = 1.38 N/mm2 (Ref 2, Table 2.3)
vtmin= 0.37 N/mm 2
> vt

Hence reinforcement for torsion is not required.

0 . 95 f yv A sv T
For torsional links K u 2= = = 108.21 N/mm
sv 0. 8 x 1 y 1

Ku = Ku1+Ku2 = 368.21 N/mm

Dia of link bar = 10 mm
No of legs along the with of beam= 4
Total area of link bars= 314 mm2
Spacing of Links
0 . 95 f yv A sv
for torsion & shear both sv = = 292 mm c/c
Ku

Provide vertical link bar (4-legs) of 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

Additional longitudinal reinf for

A sv f yv ( x 1+ y1 )
resisting torsion, As= = 1007 mm2 (Ref.2,CL.2.4.7)
sv f y
(ref. Cl 2.4.7of BS 8110: Part2)

Total longitudinal reinforcement reqd. due to

moment and torsion Asr = 1727 mm2
Total longitudinal reinforcement provide Asp = 1608 mm2
Provide additional reinforcement
Design Summary :
Compression reinforcement 4 nos T16 bar
Tension reinforcement 3 nos T16 bar +1 nos T16 bar
Shear reinforcement 4Legged -T10 bar @ 200c/c
 DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-017
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT
Revision No. : B

Check for Deflection :

Basic span/effective depth = 26 (Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.3)
fs = 2fyxAsreq x 1 = 97.71 Mpa
3Asprov x bb

Modification factor for tensi(Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.5)

0.55+ (477-fs)/((120(0.9+M/bd2)) = 3> 2
Modification factor for comr(Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.6)
1+ (100Asprov/bd)/(3+100Asprov/bd) = 1 < 2
Modified span/Effective depth = 79.31
Actual span of beam = 9020 mm
Actual span/ Effective depth = 14.98 Safe against deflection

Design for Horizontal Bending : (Ref.1, CL.3.4.4.4) D = 465 mm b = 100 mm

Bar dia = 16 mm
Effective depth of member,d= 417 mm
K' = 0.156 ( Ref CL 3.4.4.4 )
Mu
K= = 0.209 > K'
bd 2 fcu

Compression reinforcement required

{
Z =d 0 . 5 +
√( 0 . 25−
K
0. 9 )}= 324.15 mm < 396.15 mm
Hence Z = 324.15 mm

( d− Z ) 206.33 mm
X= =
0 . 45
Tension steel required Ast = 952 mm2 Min Ast = 60 mm2
Nos of bar required = 5 nos
Compression steel required Asc = 239 mm2 Min Asc = 0 mm2
Nos of bar required 2 nos

Number of Tension reinf. bar provided = 5 nos. 16 dia + 0 0 dia

Area of tension reinf. provided = 1005 mm2
Number of compression reinf bar provided = 5 nos. 16 dia
Area of compression reinf. provided = 1005 mm2
Total reinforcement provided for bending Asp= 2011 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

= 30.50 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated conservatively
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 1257 ) / ( 1280 * 257.5 ) = 0.266 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
For fcu = 30 N /mm 2
vc = 0.413 N/mm 2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.413 ) ( 1000 ) ( 437 ) / 1000 = 172.22 kN OK