Writer’s Workshop II

Unit I Outside Reading Essay:

To Kill A Mockingbird
Frankenstein
 Review: Essay Rules
z Format = MLA – Modern Language Association
z Heading = on left (name, date, period)
z Tense = literary present
z Introduction = 1. T.A.G. – title, author, genre
2. brief summary
3. thesis statement
z Titles = Books – underlined or italicized
Plays – underlined or italicized
Short Stories – quotation marks
 Colons and Semicolons
z Semicolons separate two closely related independent
clauses; what comes before and after the semicolon
must be able to stand alone as a complete sentence.

Their popularity is something Atticus and Brady share; they are

both loved by their communities.

z Colons prepare the reader for the following: a specific

example, a direct answer, or a list. (What follows a colon
is usually not a complete sentence)

Both men have sterling reputations: Atticus as a good lawyer,

and Brady as a dedicated leader.
Colons and Semicolons
1. There
There are
are two
two sides
sides to
to that
that quote
quote that
that express
express the
the two
two sides
sides of
of
Boo;: the
Boo the side
side that
that no
no one
one knows
knows about
about because
because hehe never
never leaves
leaves
his comfort
his comfort zone
zone around
around hishis house,
house, andand the
the side
side that
that everyone
everyone
eventually finds
eventually foundout
outabout
aboutdueduetotohim
himsaving
savingJem
JemandandScout.
Scout.

2. Afterreading
After readingTo
To Kill
Kill A
A Mockingbird, it is evident that both Lena
Younger
Younger and
and Atticus
Atticus Finch
Finch are
are the
the same:
same; all
all they
they want
want is
is for
for their
their
family
familyto
tobe
behappy.
happy.

3. Atticustells
Atticus tellshis
hischildren
childrentotolive
liveby
bythis,
this “Whenever
standard: “Whenever
a white man a
whitethat
does mantodoes thatman,
a black to a no
black man,who
matter no matter whorich
he is, how he is,
hehow
is, or
rich fine
how he is, or howhe
a family fine a family
comes he that
from, comes from,
white manthat white man
is trash” (220).is
trash” (220).
 Comma Splice
z To splice means to unite or link, a comma
splice links two separate sentences together
when they should be kept apart by a period
or a semicolon.
The book shows how in a court there could be a partial jury and how
innocent men can go to jail, injustices like these happen in everyday
life as well.

The book shows how in a court there could be a partial jury and
how innocent men can go to jail. Injustices like these happen
in everyday life as well.

The book shows how in a court there could be a partial jury and
how innocent men can go to jail; injustices like these happen in
everyday life as well.
 Comma Splice
1. When
WhenMr. Mr.Radley
Radleyisisbeingbeingdescribed,
described,we wefind
findout
outthat
thatheheisis
presumedtotobebea areligious
presumed religiousman,
man,butbuthehedoes
doesnotnotattend
attendchurch
church
likethe
like therestrestofofhis
hisfamily.
family.Because
Because ofof this,
this, hehe and
and hishis family
family are
are
shunnedininMaycomb,
shunned Maycomb,and andmany
manypeople
peopledodonot notwant
wanttotobebea apart
part
ofoftheir
theirlives
livesbecause
becauseofofit.it,This
thissituation
situationshows
showsus usaaviolation
violationofof
humanrights.
human rights.

2. nurtures Scout
Atticus nurtures Scout in the the novel
novel when Jem Jem isis maturing
maturing andand
keeps to
keeps to himself
himself and
and sheshe has
has no
no one
one to
to talk
talk to.
to. He
He tries
tries to
to show
show
her the
her the cruelty
cruel things
in lifeinwhich
life which she comes
she comes to fullytounderstand
fully understand
at theat
the end
end of theof novel
the novel by witnessing
by witnessing the death
the death of Tomof Tom
and and Mr.
Mr. Ewell.
Ewell,
She she
also learns
learns not
not toto judge
judge people
people in in
lifelife based
based onon rumors
rumors when
when
she she meets
meets Boo andBoo andout
finds finds
whoouthewho
trulyheis.truly is.

3. These biases
These biases materialize
materialize in
in 3three
mainmain
forms.forms.
OneOneformform
is is
misunderstanding.
misunderstanding. This This form
form of of bias
bias is
is mostly
mostly exhibited
exhibited by
by
Frankenstein
Frankenstein whenever
whenever hehe interacts
interacts with
with the
the monster.
monster. Another
Another
form
form is
is ignorance. Many of
ignorance, many of those
those who
who come
come inin contact
contact with
with the
the
monster
monster fearfear not
not what
what he
he could
could do,
do, but
but fear
fear what
what he
he might
might do.
do.
Fragment
z An incomplete thought or sentence. Can be
fixed by adding phrasing, punctuation, or
conjunctions.

I wanted to see the movie. Which everyone said was good.

I wanted to see the movie, which everyone said was good.

I wanted to see the movie because everyone said it was good.

Fragment
1. All
All he
he desires
desires is
is someone
someone who
who can
can show
show sympathy
sympathy for
for him
him and
and
someone
someone he he can
can show
show sympathy
sympathy for.
for, Much
much like how Bert loves
Rachel.
Rachel.

2. Atticus strongly disagrees with racism as a whole and hates the fact
that
that just
just because
because Tom
Tom is black he is guilty. When Atticus
Atticus says
says “Don’t
“Don’t say nigger,
say nigger, Scout.Scout.
That’s That’s common”
common,” (75). This
he is showing shows
that thatnot
he does
Atticus doesand
like racism notdoes
like racism andhis
not want does not want
children his up
picking children
racist picking
terms
up racist terms.
(75).
Pronoun Agreement
z Singular pronouns:
everyone Atticus is open minded because he does not
dislike a person because of what happens to
someone them or how they behave.
anyone Atticus is open minded because he does
not dislike a person because of what
everybody happens to him/her or how he/she behaves.
anybody
Atticus is open minded because he does
somebody not dislike people because of what
happens to them or how they behave.
nobody
Pronoun Agreement
1. A
A person’s opinion on anything goes hand in hand with their visual
his/her
perception.
visual perception.

2. Not
Not only
only does
does prejudice
prejudice affect
affect a person or group of people
emotionally,
emotionally, but it also could strip a person of their natural
his/her rights.
natural
rights.

How can
3. How can one
one lead
lead ifif they
he/she
areisaadishonest
dishonesttraitor?
traitor?
Integrating Quotes in a Paper
A phrase that comes before
z Introduce quotes = or directly after the quote
with page number in parentheses at
z Cite quotes = end of the sentence (punctuation
comes after the parentheses)

z Explain the quote’s relevance to the

argument you are making

z Quotes four or more No quotation marks, indented,

lines long = punctuation before
parentheses
Integrating Quotes Example
Scout explains that without a doubt,
“Jem’s head at times was transparent; he had
thought that up to make me understand he
wasn’t afraid of the Radley’s in any shape or
form, to contrast his own fearless heroism
with my cowardice”.
cowardice”(38).
 Integrating Quotes Example

Frankenstein tells
told Walton, “I had desired it
with an ardour that far exceeded moderation;
but now that I had finished, the beauty of the
dream vanished, and breathless horror and
disgust filled my heart.” (56)
heart” (56).
Using Quotes
1. Even
Even though
though this
this story
story is
is based
based on
on prejudice
prejudice andand inequality,
inequality, like
Scout
Scout said,
says,“There
“Thereisisonly
onlyone
onekind
kindofoffolks.
folks.Folks.”
Folks” (57).

2. Victor
Victor most
most certainly
certainly believes
believes in
in destiny
destiny and
and fate,
fate, saying
saying upon
upon first
first
meeting Walton,
meeting Walton, “Thus
“Thus ended
ended aa day
day memorable
memorable to to me;
me; itit decided
decided mymy
future destiny”
future destiny.”(Shelley
(Frankenstein
35). 35)

3. One
One ofof the
the earliest
earliest lessons
lessons that
that Atticus taught
teacheswas toScout
is to Scoutin inchapter
chapter
three when3 when
she she started
starts school.
school. “You never
He explains, “Youreally
neverunderstand
really a
person until a
understand you consider
person untilthings from histhings
you consider point from
of view”
his (30).
point of view”
(30).
Long Quotes
However,
However,while
whilehe
heisistalking
talkingabout
abouthis
hisdeparted
departedfriends
friendsand
andfamily
family

members,
members,he
heseemingly
seeminglyalludes
alludestototheir
theirspirits
spiritsbeing
beingwith
withhim
himand
and

around
aroundhim.
him. While
Whiletalking
talkingabout
aboutClerval
Clervalhe
hesays,
says,

“And whereAnd where

does he does
nowheexist?
now exist?
Is this Is this gentle
gentle and lovely
and lovely beinglost
being now
forever? now
Haslost
thisforever?
mind, soHas this mind,
replete so replete
with ideas, with ideas,
imaginations fanciful and
imaginations
magnificent, fancifula and
which formed magnificent,
world, which formed
whose existence depended a world,
on the
whose
life of its existence
creator depended
– has this on the life
mind perished? of its
Does creator
it now only– exist
has this
in my
memory?” mind perished?
(pg 135) Does it now only exist in my memory? (135)
Long Quotes
AsAsthe
thecase
casecontinues
continuesthere
thereisisanxiety
anxietyasastotohow
howTom
TomRobinson
Robinsonis is

going
goingtotobebetreated.
treated.AsAs
Tom is is
Tom being questioned,
being hehe
questioned, shows how
shows hehe
how

isisa ahelpful
helpfuland
andselfless
selflesskind
kindofofperson as he explains,
person.

“She’dShe’d
call mecall
in,mesuh. in, Seemed
suh. Seemed like every
like every time I time I passed
passed by
by yonder
yonder
she’d have she’d
some have
little some little
somethin’ somethin’
for me to do –for me to do
choppin’ –
kindlin’,
choppin’
totin’ water kindlin’,
for her. Shetotin’ water
watered for her.
them She watered
red flowers themShe
everyday. red
offeredflowers everyday.
me a nickel She
the first offered
times, butme a nickel
I said no. I the
wasfirst
gladtimes,
to dobut
it” I
(191). said no. I was glad to do it. (191)
Long Quotes
This causes Victor to reply:
Devil … do you dare approach me? And do you
fear the fierce vengeance of my arm wreaked on
your miserable head? Be gone, vile insect! Or
rather, stay, that I may trample you to dust! And,
oh! That I could, with extinction of your miserable
existence, restore those victims whom you have
so diabolically murdered! (83)
Victor’s response illustrates how regretful he is of his
decision to create the monster.
Punctuation with Quotation Marks

z All punctuation goes inside quotation marks

unless you are using parenthetical citations.

Example:
In her article, “White Privilege: Unpacking the
Knapsack,” Peggy McIntosh explains
Invisible Knapsack”
what it is like for her to be white in America.

McIntosh writes, “I think whites are taught not

to recognize white privilege”. (1).
(1)
Works Cited Page
z Sources listed alphabetically by author’s last name
z Information for each source:
z Author’s last name, first name
z Title
z Published location
z Publisher
z Copyright date

Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. New York: J.B. Lippincott,

1960.
 Works Cited
Lawrence, Jerome
Shelley, Mary. and Robert E.
Frankenstein. NewLee. Inherit
York: Newthe Wind.
American
New York:
Library, Bantam, 1955.
1963.

Lawrence, Jerome and Robert E. Lee. Inherit the Wind.

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: New American
Bantam, 1955.
Library, 1963.