for providing effective, practical
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse patient care. Though its current
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse is professor
and Niehoff Chair at Loyola
University Chicago. She is founder
and editor of Nursing Science
Quarterly, president of Discovery
International, Inc., which sponsors
international nursing theory
conferences, and founder of the
Institute of Human Becoming, where
she teaches the ontological,
epistemological, and methodological
aspects of the human becoming
school of thought.
Rosemarie Parse - Human
Becoming Theory
· Human Becoming
Theory includes Totality
Paradigm
Man is a
combination of
biological,
psychological,
sociological and
spiritual factors
Simultaneity Paradigm
Man is a unitary
being in continuous,
mutual interaction
with environment
· Originally Man-Living-
Health Theory
Human Becoming Theory -
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse first
published the theory in 1981 as
the "Man-living-health" theory.
The name was officially changed
to "the human becoming theory"
in 1992 to remove the term
"man," after the change in the
dictionary definition of the word
from its former meaning of
"humankind." (Information from
Nursingtheory.net)
Erickson, Tomlin and Swain.
Modeling/Role-Modeling (MRM) is one
of several advanced nursing theories
practical focus is nursing, its
principles apply to many areas of
holistic health care. The MRM home
page provides a central
clearinghouse for MRM-related
information, activities, and contacts
as well as information on related
nursing and holistic health care
topics. Based on the work of
Erickson, Tomlin & Swain this page
provides an overview and glossary
and hosts a mailing list and
conferencing facility.
· Modeling & Role-
Modeling Theory (MRM) -
Erickson, Tomlin and Swain.
· Modeling & Role
Modeling theory - The theory
is based on adaptation and
through a specific assessment
of adaptive potential, the
Adaptive Potential Assessment
Model (APAM), the nurse is
guided to assess the client’s
strengths, areas of positive
adaptation, and state of
arousal (Erickson & Swain,
1982). (Information from
Nursingtheory.net)
Dr. Anne Boykin
R.N., Ph.D.
Anne Boykin, Ph.D. Professor and
Dean College of Nursing Florida
Atlantic University Boca Raton,
Florida.
Dr. Savina O. Schoenhofer
R.N., Ph.D.
Savina O. Schoenhofer, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Graduate
Nursing Alcorn State University
Natchez, Mississippi.
See also: Nightingale Singers
· Nursing as Caring - The
theory of Nursing As Caring is
a general or grand nursing
 theory that can be used as a
framework to guide nursing
practice. (Information from
Nursingtheory.net)
The theory of Nursing As Caring
is a general or grand nursing theory
that can be used as a framework to
guide nursing practice. The theory is
grounded in several key
assumptions:
1. persons are caring by
virtue of their humanness
2. persons live their caring
moment to moment
3. persons are whole or
complete in the moment
4. personhood is living life
grounded in caring
5. personhood is enhanced
through participating in
nurturing relationships with
caring others
6. nursing is both a
discipline and a profession
(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001,
p.11)..
The most basic premise of the theory
is that all humans are caring
persons, that to be human is to be
called to live one’s innate caring
nature. Developing the full potential
of expressing caring is an ideal and
for practical purposes, is a lifelong
process.
Jean Watson
PhD, RN, FAAN, HNC
Dr. Watson has earned
undergraduate and graduate
degrees in nursing and psychiatric-
mental health nursing and holds her
PhD in educational psychology and
counseling. She is a widely
published author and recipient of
several awards and honors, including
an international Kellogg Fellowship in
Australia, a Fullbright Research
Award in Sweden and five (5)
Honorary Doctoral Degrees including
2 International Honorary Doctorates
(Sweden and the United Kingdom).
· Caring - Caring
science encompasses a
humanitarian, human
science orientation to
human caring
processes, phenomena
and experiences.
(Information from
Nursingtheory.net)
· Theory of Human
Caring. Jean Watson.
University of Colorado.
 • Carative Factors:
1.
1. The promotion of a humanistic-altruistic system of values
2. Instillation of faith-hope
3. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and others
4. The development and acceptance of the expression of positive and
negative feelings.
5. The systemic use of the scientific problem-solving method for
decision making
6. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning
7. The provision for supportive, protective and corrective mental,
physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment
8. Assistance with the gratification of human needs
9. The allowance for existential phenomenological forces
Cecilia Laurente
Cecilia laurente is a local nursing theorist in the Philippines, who focused her
works on helping a patient through support systems specifically the family. She
has a publication entitled "Categorization of Nursing activities as Observed in
Medical Surgical Ward Units in Seleccted Government and Private Hospitals in
Metro Manila."
In the recent study of Laurente she states that another entry point of helping the
patient is though the family, when nurses can be of great assistance to prevent
at the very beginning serious complications. The nurse can help strengthen the
family’s term of knowledge, skills, and attitude through effective communication,
employed informative, psychotherapeutic, modeling, behavioral, cognitive-
behavioral, and/or hypnotic techniques are summarized and evaluated.

Divina Garcia
Dr. Carmelita A. Divinagracia, a Master of Nursing in 1975, and a doctoral degree
holder in 2001, has been lauded for developing the art and competency of
teaching nursing. She has lectured and written about her work as a nurse and
how she has used her hands-on experience to develop better ways to teach
nursing. Her love for nursing and her dedication to carve out learning tools for
nursing students, has been a commendable and rare field of discipline. As a
teacher, she could not be anything else but a perfect thesis adviser. She has
teamed up with the Commission on Higher Education for the drafting of a higher
standard of competency in nursing schools in the Philippines.
Kuan
• Sister Letty G. Kuan is a nurse with Master’s Degree in Nursing and
Guidance Counseling.
• She also holds a Doctoral Degree in Education. For her vast contributions
to the University of the Philippines College of Nursing faculty and
academic achievements, she is now Professor Emeritus, a title awarded
only to a few who met the strict criteria.
 • She had two Master’s Degrees, MA in Nursing and MS Education, Major in
Guidance Counseling, culminating in Doctor of Education
(Guidance and Counseling).
• She has clinical fellowship and specialization in Neuropsychology in
University of Paris, France (Salpetriere Hospital). Neurogerontology in
Waterson, New York (Good Samaritan Hospital) and Syracuse University,
New York. She also had Bioethics formal training at Institute of Religion,
Ethics and Law at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.
• She authored several books giving her insight in the areas of Gerontology,
Care of Older Persons and Bioethics.
• She is a recipient of the Metrobank Foundation Outstanding Teachers
Award in 1995 and an Award for Continuing Integrity and Excellence in
Service (ACIES) in 2004. Her religious community is the Notre Dame de Vie
founded in France in 1932.
• As a former member of the Board of Nursing, her legacy to the Nursing
Community is without a doubt, indisputable.
About her Theory: “Retirement and Role Discontinuities”
Basic Assumptions and Concepts:
Physiological Age is the endurance of cells and tissues to withstand the wear-
and-tear phenomenon of the human body. Some individuals are gifted with
strong genetic affinity to stay young for a long time.
Role refers to the set of shared expectations focused upon a particular position.
These may include beliefs about what goals or values the position incumbent is
to pursue and the norms that will govern his behavior. It is also the set of shared
expectations from the retiree’s socialization experiences and the values
internalized while preparing for the position as well as the adaptations to the
expectations socially defined for the position itself. For every social role, there is
complementary set of roles in the social structure among which interaction
constantly occurs.
Change of Life is the period between near retirement and post retirement
years. In medico-physiologic terms, this equates with the climacteric period of
adjustment and readjustment to another tempo of life.
Retiree is an individual who has left the position occupied for the past years of
productive life because he/she has reached the prescribed retirement age of has
completed the required years of service.
Role Discontinuity is the interruption in the line of status enjoyed or role
performed. The interruption may be brought about by an accident, emergency,
and change of position or retirement.
Coping Approaches refer to the interventions or measures applied to solve a
problematic situation or state in order to restore or maintain equilibrium and
normal functioning.
Determinants of positive perceptions in retirement and positive reactions toward
role discontinuities:
1. Health Status – refer to physiological and mental state of the
respondents, classified as either sickly or healthy.
2. Income – (economic level) refers to the financial affluence of the
respondent which can be classified as poor, moderate or rich.
 3. Work Status
4. Family Constellation – means the type of family composition described
either close knit or extended family where three more generations of
family members live under one roof; or distanced family, whose member
live in separate dwelling units; or nuclear type of family where only
husband, wife and children live together.
5. Self-Preparation

Abaquin
• Carmencita M. Abaquin is a nurse with Master’s Degree in Nursing
obtained from the University of the Philippines College of Nursing.
• An expert in Medical Surgical Nursing with subspecialty in Oncologic
Nursing, which made her known both here and abroad.

• She had served the University of the Philippines

College of Nursing, as faculty and held the position as Secretary of the
College of Nursing.
• Her latest appointment as Chairman of the Board of Nursing speaks of her
competence and integrity in the field she has chosen.
About her Theory:
“PREPARE ME” Interventions and the Quality of Life Advance Progressive Cancer
Patients.
Basic Assumptions and Concepts:
PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Interventions) are the nursing interventions
provided to address the multi-dimensional problems of cancer patients that can
be given in any setting where patients choose to be confined. This program
emphasizes a holistic approach to nursing care. PREPARE ME has the following
components:
• Presence – being with another person during the times of need. This
includes therapeutic communication, active listening, and touch.
• Reminisce Therapy – recall of past experiences, feelings and thoughts to
facilitate adaptation to present circumstances.
• Prayer
• Relaxation-Breathing – techniques to encourage and elicit relaxation for
the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain,
muscle tension, and anxiety.
• Meditation – encourages an elicit form of relaxation for the purpose of
altering patient’s level of awareness by focusing on an image or thought
to facilitate inner sight which helps establish connection and relationship
with God. It may be done through the use of music and other relaxation
techniques.
• Values Clarification – assisting another individual to clarify his own
values about health and illness in order to facilitate effective decision
making skills. Through this, the patient develops an open mind that will
facilitate acceptance of disease state or may help deepen or enhance
values. The process of values clarification helps one become internally
consistent by achieving closer between what we do and what we feel.