SAFETY QUESTIONNAIRRE / TEST

1. ERP
Emergency Response Plan is a mitigative control and layers of protection against
various impact/hazard scenario and/or incident to ensure personnel will be
evacuated into safe area/zone and impact to facility/community will be minimize by
series of actions. It is a wide range planned activities that will be conducted when emergency
situation declared and it is required coordination, agencies involvement, deployment of
personnel, tools and equipment to minimize impact and prevent further damage. Example of
emergency situation are spill, fire, earthquake, strike, etc.

2. Medvac
Medical Evacuation is emergency removal of sick or injured people from an
area. It is a timely and efficient movement of a wounded/injured/sick personnel
requiring urgent care by medical staff using ambulance or helicopter to near by
hospital.

3. Definition UEL
The Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or vapor in air capable
of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arch, flame, heat).

4. Definition LEL
The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of
producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat)

5. What is UEL and LEL for methane

LEL : 5%
UEL : 15%

6. If detector reading 50 % LEL, what does that means

There is hydrocarbon and potential fire if hot work conducted in that area.

7. If portable gas detector is alarming what to do

Stop the work, inform operator, inform worker to go to muster point, understand the
alarm and prepare necessary action to mitigate the alarm

8. Definition of confined space

An area has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and is not
designed for continuous occupancy where space large enough and so
configured to allow an employee to bodily enter and perform an assigned
task

9. Definition Flash point

Lowest temperature to which a liquid must be heated to give off sufficient
vapour to form a flammable mixture with air. Ignition does not occur at the
flash point unless there is a source of ignition (IP-15)

10. Auto ignition temperature

The temperature at which a substance will begin to burn without
application of any source of ignition (IP 15).

11. How many type of radiation

Two type of radiation which are Ionizing and Non Ionizing

12. Ionizing radiation definition

Radiation that falls within the ionizing radiation" range has enough energy to remove
tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus creating ions.

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13. Non- Ionizing radiation

Radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to
vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as "non-ionizing radiation."
Examples of this kind of radiation are sound waves, visible light, and microwaves.

14. TRIFR total recordable incident frequency rate equation

TRIR = (200,000 / Hours Worked) x (Total Recordable Cases)

The total number of recordable incidents (fatalities, days away from work, restricted activity,
other medical cases), multiplied by 200,000, divided by the total hours worked. 200,000
hours represents 100 full time equivalent workers at 40 hours per week and a 50-week year

15. TLTIR total LTI frequency rate equation

LTIR/LTIF = (200,000 / Hours Worked) x (Fatalities + Days away from work cases)
The total number of lost time incident (fatalities and days away from work cases),
multiplied by 200,000, divided by the total number of hours worked.
LTIR/LTIF is sometimes reported per 1,000,000 hours worked. To convert hours
worked per 200,000 hours to hours worked per 1,000,000 hours, multiply by 5.

LWDR = (200,000 / Hours Worked) x (Fatalities + Days away from work cases +
Restricted activity cases)

DAFWR = (200,000 / Hours Worked) x (Days away from work cases).

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16. 6 rules for manual handling

1. Always look for a better way of doing things to avoid manual handling risks 2. Use
good lifting techniques
3. Check if the item has handles which you could use
4. Watch where you are going when carrying a load
5. Use knee and leg muscle
6. Grip with palm, arm close to body

1. Size up the load,

2. position your feet,
3. keep your back straight,
4. secure grip,
5. position head and arms,
6. use knee and leg muscle to lift – not your back muscle

17. Pyrophoric and how you treat it in the process

Phyrophoric materials are liquids and solids that have the potential to spontaneously
ignite in air at temperatures of 130oF (54oC) or below. They often also have corrosive,
water reactive, and peroxide forming properties (source : NFPA 704).
By performing acid washing; acid washing combined with chemical suppression; high-pH reagent use;
and multistep chemical cleaning (oxidation).

Acid washing
This procedure involves pumping an acid solution into or through the equipment that needs to be
cleaned. The acid reacts with the pyrophoric scale, dissolving it and releasing hydrogen sulfide gas.
The potential difficulty of this method is removal of the H2S gas. If the concentration of the acid is too
high, the evolution of H2S can be so rapid that controlling the chemical cleaning procedure becomes
impossible. If the gas cannot be removed efficiently and safely, the atmosphere can be explosive. In
addition, acid cleaning can be corrosive to the equipment.
This method also leads to the problem of H2S disposal, which may be accomplished a number of ways.
The simplest method is to vent the H2S to an existing flare system and burn it. This requires that the unit
be properly equipped and piped to the flare tower. In addition, the accompanying problem of SO2
evolution and emission must be addressed.
Chemical suppression
A second way of dealing with the H2S generated during acid washing is to scrub the gas with a chemical
solution that converts it to a disposable form. One of the more common scrubbing methods uses sodium
hydroxide to convert H2S to sodium sulfide. Although sodium sulfide is less hazardous than H2S,
disposal of this caustic waste can be difficult.
Another method for H2S control is to add a reagent directly to the acid solution. The reagents used for
this purpose are capable of converting H2S gas to another chemical compound. This compound is either
retained in solution or precipitated as the H2S reacts.
Concerns over this method are the scavenging ability and overall degree of H2S suppression of the
chemical additive. This could necessitate having a back-up system of some kind-either flaring or caustic
scrubbing.
Common among these first two methods is the need to safely dispose of the acid and other chemicals
used in the cleaning process.
High-pH solvents

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Another approach to removing pyrophoric iron sulfide scale is to employ specially formulated high-pH
solvents. These chemicals effectively dissolve the FeS scale while retaining most of the H2S in solution.
This method offers several advantages: it is very effective, it emits little H 2S, and it does not form
precipitates. But, although H2S emissions are low, a back-up system still is required. In addition, the
formulation of the high-pH solvent is expensive and may not be cost-effective for every application.
Oxidizing agents
The application of chemical oxidation eliminates the formation of H2S. Oxidation of the pyrophoric iron
sulfide results in the formation of various forms of iron oxide, which can be removed, if needed, by acid
washing (hence the term "multistep").
The chemicals used for oxidative cleaning include sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and
potassium permanganate. These chemicals are all effective, but each has drawbacks.
The use of sodium hypochlorite is inexpensive, but numerous side reactions can occur. Because
organic compounds are always present in refinery equipment, there is a potential to form nitrogen
mustard gas (dichlorodiethyl sulfide) when sodium hypochlorite is used. In addition, the nature of the
chemical (a skin and lung irritant) demands additional safety procedures.
Hydrogen peroxide is less reactive with organics than chlorine and significantly reduces the chance of
forming unwanted organic by-products. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with pyrophoric iron sulfide,
however, can be exothermic, and a considerable amount of oxygen can evolve. If the reaction is not
adequately controlled, an explosive situation may develop. In addition, the concentration of hydrogen
peroxide used requires special materials of construction and safety procedures.
Potassium permanganate is unique among the oxidants listed in that it can oxidize pyrophoric iron
sulfide and other sulfide compounds, but it is safe to use and easy to apply. Under normal conditions it
is applied as a 1-4% solution that is relatively harmless if it contacts skin. It requires no special materials
of construction, and does not form harmful or potentially explosive by-products.
At the discharge end, potassium permanganate's purple color gives a positive visual indication when the
pyrophoric iron sulfide has been destroyed. The by-product of the reaction is manganese dioxide. This
material is biologically inert and can be directly discharged to a waste water facility. If the manganese
dioxide must be removed from the equipment or discharge stream, simple reducing agents such as
sodium thiosulfate or citric acid can be used.

18. Difference between FM200 and CO2

FM200 is 1,1,1,2,3,3,3 heptafluoro propane. It's in the chemical family of halons, which
suppress fire by interfering catalytically with combustion reactions. They can do this at
relatively low concentrations which do not constitute a hazard to humans. This means that
the site of a fire can be checked out by people without protective gear without the threat of re-
ignition.
Carbon dioxide just displaces oxygen. If CO2 is in sufficient concentration to suppress fire,
the area will be off-limits to human without breathing gear. This causes some problems with
safety checks afterward.

19. Difference between sprinkler and deluge

Deluge system is a system to send water to an operational area or surface of tanks,
vessels, bullets, etc. This is provided as a fire fighting system to those areas or
surfaces. The fire water of deluge system is sent generally through some nozzles with
spraying device, known as sprinklers, to give maximum coverage to the area
concerned. Thus, sprinklers are a part of the whole deluge system.

20. What is RCA (Root cause analysis

A root cause is a factor that caused a nonconformance and should be permanently eliminated through
process improvement.

Root cause analysis is a collective term that describes a wide range of approaches, tools, and
techniques used to uncover causes of problems.

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21. Offshore discretion calls
A judgement under authority of offshore installation manager to stop production, decrease
flowrate or pressure, abandon or stop drilling and well intervention activities in rig and well
head platforms, perform medivac to mitigate emergency situation

22. What is May day call signs for

an emergency procedure word used internationally as a distress signal in voice
procedure radio communications.
It is used to signal a life-threatening emergency primarily by mariners and aviators, but in
some countries local organizations such aspolice forces, firefighters, and transportation
organizations also use the term.

23. Offshore emergency channel number

• Channel 16 (156.800 MHz) - Distress, safety and calling
• Channel 13 (156.650 MHz) - Intership navigation (bridge-to-bridge)
• Channel 70 (156.525 MHz) - Digital Selective Calling

24. How to calculate the remaining time of BA cylinder

D = (P x C / N x 40) – 10

D : the remaning working duration (minutes)

P : the pressure in cylinder (bar)
N : the charging pressure of the cylinder (bar)
C : the capacity of the cylinders (in litres) when pressurized to "N" bar

25. Question about two type of detectors I cannot remember

26. Type of fire extinguishers and uses

Class A: SOLIDS such as paper, wood, plastic etc

Class B: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as paraffin, petrol, oil etc
Class C: FLAMMABLE GASES such as propane, butane, methane etc
Class D: METALS such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium etc
Class E: Fires involving ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
Class F: Cooking OIL & FAT et

Water Fire Extinguishers:

The cheapest and most widely used fire extinguishers. Used for Class A
fires. Not suitable for Class B (Liquid) fires, or where electricity is involved.

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 Foam Fire Extinguishers:
More expensive than water, but more versatile. Used for Classes A & B fires.
Foam spray extinguishers are not recommended for fires involving electricity,
but are safer than water if inadvertently sprayed onto live electrical
apparatus.

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers:

Often termed the ‘multi-purpose’ extinguisher, as it can be used on classes A,
B & C fires. Best for running liquid fires (Class B). Will efficiently extinguish
Class C gas fires, BUT BEWARE, IT CAN BE DANGEROUS TO EXTINGUISH A
GAS FIRE WITHOUT FIRST ISOLATING THE GAS SUPPLY. Special powders
are available for class D metal fires.

Warning: when used indoors, powder can obscure vision or damage

goods and machinery. It is also very messy.

CO2 Fire Extinguishers:

Carbon Dioxide is ideal for fires involving electrical apparatus (class E), and
will also extinguish class B liquid fires, but has NO POST FIRE SECURITY and
the fire could re-ignite.

Wet chemical
Specialist extinguisher for class F fires.

For Metal Fires: A specialist fire extinguisher for use on Class D fires - metal
fires such as sodium, lithium, manganese and aluminium when in the form of
swarf or turnings.

27. What to prepare before lifting operation

Lifting plan, route for crane access, certified and labelled crane and lifting gears (color coding)

1. Identification of Lifting and Rigging associated hazard.

2. Lift plan & determination.
3. Lifting equipment is certified and in good working order.
4. Confirm weight and establish the load’s center of gravity.
5. Clear pick-up and lay-down areas within the crane’s lifting radius.
6. The load path of the lift to the lay-down area is clear of obstructions.

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 7. Rig loads appropriately and loads are free of possible restraints (ice, sea fastenings,
hold-down bolts, etc.).
8. Place load in designated lay-down area and remove rigging equipment after load is
securely in place and free of support from the crane.
9. Certified Personnel (Migas SIO, C3 (KLO))

28. What is the risk management elements

29. What is the fire reaction series

Fire comes from a chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort
of fuel (wood or gasoline, for example). Of course, wood and gasoline don't spontaneously
catch on fire just because they're surrounded by oxygen. For the combustion reaction to
happen, you have to heat the fuel to its ignition temperature.

30. Fire triangle

Ingredient for most fire to occur : fuel, oxygen, heat

31. What is Evacuation

The last layer of protection, an act to move people away from threat or occurance of hazards
immediately or an action required to move injured party to safe location (hospital) in timely
manner.

32. what is most important PPE for working at height.

Fall protection system, fall arrest system and not working alone

33. what is most important PPE for CSE rescue operation

SCBA and light

34. what is most important PPE for grinding

Protection Guard for grinder, safety glass and face shield, ear protection, respiratory
protection, gloves, helmet, safety shoes

35. H2S definition for physical properties

Hydrogen Sulfide, It smells like rotten eggs, irritates eyes, and when inhaled in low concentrations,
irritates respiratory tract. Higher concentrations can cause breathing difficulty, nausea, vomiting, and
even death.

36. Question about H2S can be easily smelled when start leaking and when stopped to leak,
what does that means, it means at low concentration has rotten egg odor

37. What is 4 Rs for waste management.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Replace

38. What ESIA stand for (Environmental and safety impact assessment study)

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39. What is EBS stand for (Environmental base line study)

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