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Column Dynamics
Workshop
The Column Dynamics module introduces you to the process for setting up a
distillation column with Aspen HYSYS Dynamics. Some of the concepts you have
learned in the previous modules are applied here. However, the distillation column is
one of the most complex unit operations in Aspen HYSYS. As such, it deserves
special attention. Starting with the Feed Heater Train, you will expand the Flowsheet
by adding the DePropanizer column.
Learning Objectives
In this module you will learn to:
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Process Overview
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Column Overview
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You may get a consistency error when you start the steady state solver. You
need to resolve the error before you continue.
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2. On the Monitor page of the Design tab add a new specification with the
following information and make it Active:
In this cell... Enter...
The steady state model of the DePropanizer process is now complete. All unit
operations, material and energy streams are solved.
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Vessels
Appropriate vessel sizing is important for dynamic simulation analyses. The vessel
hold-up will affect the system’s transient response during dynamic analyses as you
move from one operating regime to the next. In addition, the vessel size affects the
pressure calculations that are associated with the unit operation.
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Some columns may have multiple tray sections. In an effort to balance model
rigour with ease of model development only 1 tray section geometry is
provided on the Rating tab. Averaged tray section information should be
specified on this tab.
If different tray sections are required for more accurate modelling, multiple tray
sections can be configured and linked together.
1. From the Tools menu, select Utilities and from the Available Utilities view
select Tray Sizing and click the Add Utility button.
2. Click the Select TS button and choose the tray section to size. In this case, select
the DePropanizer Flowsheet and Main TS as the object. Click the OK button.
3. Click the Add Section button. This adds the selected tray section to the utility;
allowing the sizing calculations to be performed, select Valve from item
Internals.
4. Move to the Performance tab and then select the Results page. The hydraulic
calculations based on the recommended tray geometry for the column are
displayed.
5. This page also displays the estimated Tray Section Pressure Drop. Notice the
Tray Sizing utility estimates approximately a 10kPa pressure drop through the
24 stages of the column.
When we initially designed our column in Steady State mode, we entered a pressure
drop of 145 kPa (20 psi) through the column. The condenser pressure being specified
as operating at 1925 kPa (280 psia) and the reboiler pressure being specified at 2070
kPa (300 psia). Additionally, the ColFeed pressure was calculated to be operating at
2000 kPa (290 psia).
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In dynamic mode, the pressure drop at each stage will be calculated based on the tray
geometry. Moreover, the Condenser, Reboiler and ColFeed pressures will be based
on this dynamic pressure profile. If the steady state pressure profile does not match
the dynamic pressure profile, the column tray pressures and flow rates will oscillate
until an equilibrium pressure profile is established. As the column tries to adjust to
an equilibrium pressure profile, the column can possibly go unstable. Thus, a proper
column pressure profile based on the hydraulic calculations should be entered for the
column before moving to dynamic simulation analysis.
Tray Spacing
3. Enter the values shown in the table above into the appropriate fields on the Tray
Sections page of the Rating tab.
If the Tray Sizing utility
determines more than one
4. Click the Parameters tab and select the Profiles page.
section in the Column,
there are two options: 5. Change the pressure of the Condenser and Reboiler as follows:
1. Use the weighted
Condenser Pressure 1925 kPa (280 psia)
average dimensions for
the dynamic tray Reboiler Pressure 1935 kPa (281 psia)
dimensions.
2. Configure the column Save your case as: ClmSize.hsc.
with multiple tray
sections inside the
column sub-flowsheet
and supply the
dimensions as
Save your case!
appropriated.
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For your ease of reference, we have included the first seven rules here:
Dynamics Specifications
Boundary Streams Insert a valve on all boundary streams
(feed/product streams) within the
Flowsheet that are not connected to
conductance devices (i.e., heat
exchangers, coolers, heaters)
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2. Remembering Rule one, add a valve to all boundary streams, so add a valve
downstream of the Propane and C4+ streams in the Column Sub-flowsheet.
3. Specify a pressure drop of 70 kPa (10 psi) and size the valves as you did in
Module 2.
What Cv value does Aspen HYSYS calculate for the Propane valve?
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5. Connect the boundary subflowsheet streams Propane Out and C4+ Out to the
Main Flowsheet streams Propane and C4+, respectively. This is done on the
Connections page of the Design tab of the Column Property view.
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Figure 1
7. On the Dynamics tab of the Reflux stream (Column Sub-flowsheet) make the
Molar Flow specification Active.
Figure 2
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8. Run the Dynamics Assistant to see if there is something else that needs to be
changed.
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Name Cond-PC
Process Variable Source Condenser, Vessel Pressure
Output Target Object C3 Valve, Actuator Desired Position
Parameters - Configuration
Action Direct
PV Minimum 1725 kPa (250 psia)
PV Maximum 2070 kPa (300 psia)
Mode Auto
Kc 2.0
TI 2.0 minutes
SP 1925 kPa (280 psia)
Name Cond-LC
Process Variable Source Condenser, Liquid Percent Level
Output Target Object Reflux, Control Valve(Control Flow)
Parameters – Configuration
Control Valves should be
Action Direct
sized with a maximum of
twice the Steady-State PV Minimum 0%
value.
PV Maximum 100%
Don’t forget to size the
control valve properly. Mode Auto
Kc 2.0
TI 10.0 minutes
SP 50%
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Connections
Name Tray23-TC
Parameters - Configuration
Action Reverse
Kc 2.0
TI 10.0 minutes
SP 140°C (284°F)
Control Valve Min Flow 0 kj/h (0 Btu/hr)
Control Valve Max Flow 1.0e+8 kj/h (9.5e+7Btu/h)
Connections
Name Reb-LC
Process Variable Source Reboiler, Vessel Liq Percent Level
Output Target Object C4+ Valve, Actuator Desired Position
Parameters – Configuration
Action Direct
PV Minimum 0%
PV Maximum 100%
Mode Auto
Kc 2.0
TI 10.0 minutes
SP 50%
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Exercise 1
Create a Strip Chart named Column and enter the following variables:
Run the Integrator and watch the variables change over time.
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Exercise 2
Change the Output Variable for the Cond-LC to Cond-Q, from Reflux. Make sure
that you choose reasonable values for the maximum and minimum cooling duty.
Change the molar flow specification for the Reflux stream to 1620 kgmole/h (3560
lbmole/hr).
Does this control strategy provide better control over the De-Propanizer?
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Can you think of another control strategy for the Condenser Liquid level?
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Exercise 3
Change the NGL-Feed composition as follows:
Component Mole Fraction
Ethane 0.01
Propane 0.25
i-Butane 0.08
n-Butane 0.15
i-Pentane 0.07
n-Pentane 0.07
Hexane 0.37
How does this change affect the Propane concentration in the C4+ stream?
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Try changing the Tray23-TC set-point in order to return the Propane concentration back to
its original level. Does the temperature have to be lowered or raised?
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