ABSTRACT

The concept of employee engagement is in existence since 1990, when the term was used for
the first time. Employee Engagement is emerging as a new dimension of HR; it is relatively a
new term in HR literature. A great deal of interest has been shown in Employee Engagement
in recent years. Employee engagement is a multidimensional concept taking in two way
interaction between the employers and employees of an organization. As a matter of fact,
employee engagement has emerged as a notable need for businesses. Employee engagement
is important for any employer which aims to retain its valued employees as an employer‟s
capability to manage employee engagement is related to its ability to achieve enhanced
business gains and high level of performance.

Employee engagement called worker engagement is a business management concept.

An "engaged employee" is one who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about their work,
and thus will act in a way that furthers their organization's interests.

According to Scarlett Surveys, "Employee Engagement is a measurable degree of an

employee's positive or negative emotional attachment to their job, colleagues and
organization which profoundly influences their willingness to learn and perform at work".

Thus engagement is distinctively different from employee satisfaction, motivation and

organizational culture

Engagement at work was conceptualized by Kahn, (1990) as the ‘harnessing of

organizational members’ selves to their work roles. In engagement, people employ and
express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances.

The second related construct to engagement in organizational behavior is the notion of flow
advanced by Csikszentmihalyi (1975, 1990). Csikzentmihalyi (1975) defines flow as the
‘holistic sensation’ that, people feel when they act with total involvement. Flow is the state in
which there is little distinction between the self and environment. When individuals are in
Flow State little conscious control is necessary for their actions.