Amino acids used in

Animal Nutrition

Presented during:
Tanzania Poultry
show

Douglas Malala
Technical Sales Manager
Evonik East Africa
December 4, 2015
AGENDA

 Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products

 Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition

 What are Amino acids?

 Types of AA

 How do Amino acids build protein?

 Concept of limiting Amino acids

 Meeting the Amino acid requirement

 Evonik services

 Conclusions
Evonik is THE creative
industrial group from
Germany and one of the
world’s leading specialty
chemicals companies.
Prince MANU-BARFO
Evonik’s feed
additives business
Evonik AMINO Products

• DLM Aqua Methionine formulated for Aquaculture

• MetMet Unique Methionine for Crustacea
Production sites worldwide

Antwerp

Antwerp
Slovenska Lupca
Blair Blair

Wesseling Kaba

Mobile
Kaba

Mobile
New Biolys
Plant Russia
New MetAmino
Slovenska Lupca
New Biolys Plant Singapore
Plant Brazil
Wesseling
Page | 7
Animal Nutrition - Global Sales Presence

HN- HQ,
Hanau-Wolfgang

HN- EMEA,
Hanau-Wolfgang

HN- Asia North,

Bejing
HN- NA, Atlanta

HN- Asia South,

Accra Singapore
HN- LA,
Sao Paolo Nairobi

Headquarter Hanau Regional Headquarter Regional Office

AGENDA

 Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products

 Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition

 What are Amino acids?

 Types of AA

 How do Amino acids build protein?

 Concept of limiting Amino acids

 Meeting the Amino acid requirement

 Evonik services

 Conclusions
Protein vs. Amino acids

• Amino Acids are… the building

blocks of protein

• Crude Protein (CP) consist not

only of amino acids, but also of
non-protein nitrogen, e.g.
ammonia

• Animals do not have a

requirement for protein per se,
but rather for the appropriate
level and balance of individual
amino acid.
How do Amino Acids build protein?
Individual Amino Acids

• Several Amino acids make a peptide chain

• A peptide chain can be up to 500 amino acids!
• Since there are only 20 amino acids, several will repeat!
• A protein is made up of one or more polypeptide chains

Peptides
Proteins
Page 11
How many amino acids
are there? 22
Tryptophan
Methionine
Glutamine
Aspartic Acid
Glycine
Lysine Serine
Arginine

Leucine Threonine
Proline Isoleucine Cysteine
Phenylalanine
Categories of Amino Acids

While there are 22 in total, only 20 are of primary interest for animals

In 1938, Rose divided these amino acids into two groups:

 Essential (indispensable):
• Those that cannot be synthesized by the animal in quantities
sufficient for optimum performance and must be supplied in
the feed

 Non-essential (dispensable):
• Those that do not have to be provided in the diet and that can
be synthesized by the body.

 All amino acids are important and must be present for an animal
to grow (i.e. all are necessary for protein synthesis by the body).

Page 13
Categories of Amino Acids

Essential Non-essential

Methionine Cysteine / Cystine

Lysine Tyrosine
Threonine Glycine
Tryptophan Serine
Arginine* Proline / Hydroxyproline
Isoleucine Alanine
Leucine Aspartic acid
Valine Asparagine
Histidine* Glutamic acid
Phenylalanine Glutamine
How do Amino Acids build protein?
How it works……
 If during this process, there is an insufficient pool of
just one of the required amino acids that the signal has
called for…
 Then protein synthesis stops!

X
Peptides
Proteins
 This introduces the principle of a limiting amino
acid and defining an animal’s requirement for
specific amino acids…
Page 15
Limiting Amino Acids

• For correct protein synthesis, the required Essential and Non essential amino
acids must be present according requirements of the genetic code

• If the specific Essential amino acid required to extend the peptide chain is
absent then this amino acid “stops” protein synthesis (“LIMITS”).

• If its Non essential amino acid then the body will obtain it via auto synthesis

• The first Essential amino acid to limit protein synthesis is called “First Limiting”,
the second to limit synthesis is called “second Limiting” and so on

• Sufficient quantity of Limiting amino acids in the diet therefore will determine
whether the other amino acids will be efficiently utilized for protein synthesis

Page 16
 The Liebig-Barrel
Model for the concept of limiting AA
Surplus amino acids
reduced
All amino acids
Arg
Arg
above water level
Protein synthesis => Utilisation
CANNOTof each
(water level, performance) individual amino
be stored
increases with DL-Met acid
and improved
will thus be
supplementation =>Utilisation of protein
metabolised
=> essential AA from feed (nitrogen) improved
Met
Met => N-Excretion

Lysine becomes
second limiting
Further performance
increase only with additional
Lysine
 Dose-response trial

Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg

Met Met Met Met Met

a+b
gain, ggain, g

Y = a + b * (1 - e (-c * X))

0,00 0,00 0,05 0,050,10 0,10

0,15 0,20
0,20 0,25
0,25
Supplemental DL-Met (% of diet)
Supplemental DL-Met (% of diet)
Limiting Amino Acids
Order of limiting amino acids
Poultry Swine
1. Methionine
1. Lysine
2. Lysine
3. Threonine 2. Threonine
4. Valine / Isoleucine… 3. Methionine
4. Tryptophan
5. Valine /
Isoleucine…

The limiting amino acid depends on the

species, type of diet, and productive
function.
Meeting the animal’s requirements

How do I eliminate deficit of

amio acids ?

Must I use supplemental

Amino acids?

NO!!!
Meeting the animal’s requirements
To eliminate the deficit of an amino acid there are 2 options:
More soyabean or Phe Trp Val Ile Supplementing
fish meal synthetic Amino acids

Phe Trp Val Ile

Phe Trp Val Ile

Thr Met Lys Arg

Thr Met Lys Arg Thr Met Lys Arg

 The Liebig-Barrel
Benefits of free supplemental AA

Arg
Arg Arg

Met Met Met

Supplementation of Increase of dietary Met by a

DL-Methionine protein source

=>Reduced cost of diets  Increase cost of diets

=> improved utilisation of N  increase CP of diets
 Increase AA balance accuracy => Increase N excretion
 Reduce CP of diets  increased AA imbalance
Less is MORE!

As discussed previously, animal need AMINO ACIDS, not protein

If we add TOO MUCH protein, the animal will have to excrete the excess,
unused amino acids as urine or uric acid…it is WASTED

What’s more, the animal has to do chemical work to excrete this excess

So it uses energy that would otherwise be used for growth, or egg

production, or milk production
AGENDA

 Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products

 Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition

 What are Amino acids?

 Types of AA

 How do Amino acids build protein?

 Concept of limiting Amino acids

 Meeting the Amino acid requirement

 Evonik services

 Conclusions
 = Cooperation and Partnership =

Tanzania

Page | 25
Service for the Feed Industry

FA services Customer process FA services

Ingredient Availability
Animal Nutrition prices restrictions Analytical Services:
Consulting: Amino acids in feedstuffs
Amino acid recommendations
Feed formulation Feed formulation
Consulting (Linear programming)

Handling Solutions:
Current formulation Amino acid handling
& direct dosing

Grinding / Mixing /
Supplementing

Analytical Services:
Analytical Services:
Total amino acid content: Complete feed
Mixer profiles (suppl. AA)
actual vs. target
Quality control

Animal Nutrition Presentation Page | 26

AminoLab / NIR®
AminoDAT®
AminoChick®
 Conclusions

• Amino Acids are essential nutrients for healthy animals and efficient
production
• Protein is NOT essential; rather the amino acids contained in protein
• Best Results are obtained with balanced diets, especially amino acids
• Reducing crude protein in feed improves performance and health, reduces
pollution and can save money
• Evonik have a complete range of products and extensive services to help
you…

• MAKE MORE MONEY

Prince MANU-BARFO
Prince MANU-BARFO