Pumps and

Turbines
Pumps
 Used to increase the energy head in a given
system.
 The energy provided by the pump is usually
referred to as head added.
Pumps
 Observe that Pt.
2 is higher than
2
Pt. 1.
z  The energy or
head at Pt. 1 may
1
not be enough for
the fluid to reach
pt.2
Pumps
 To help push the
2
fluid to pt. 2,
z additional energy
P or head is
1
required.
 Pump may be
added.
 Pumps
 The energy equation between points 1 and 2
assuming there is head loss becomes:
E1 – HL +HA = E2
Turbines
 Used to extract or harness energy from a
given system.
 Also known as motor.
 The energy extracted by the turbine is
usually referred to as head extracted.
Turbines
 Observe that Pt.
1 1 is higher than
Pt. 2.
z  Because of
gravity, the fluid
naturally flows
from Pt. 1.
2
Turbines
 Energy may be
1
extracted by
using a turbine.
z
T

2
Turbines
 The energy equation between points 1 and 2
assuming there is head loss becomes:
E1 – HL – HE = E2
Power and
Efficiency
 Power
 The rate at which work is done.
P = QγE (Joule/sec)
where:
Q – discharge, m3/s
γ – Unit Weight (kN/m3)
E – Total Energy head (m)
 Power
 For Example, given the pipe:
 The Power at pt. 1 is:
P1 = Q1γE1
where:
Power
Note:
1 Nm/s = 1 Watt
1 hp = 746 Watts
1 hp = 550- ft-lb/s
Power
Output Power of Pump
Output Power of Pump:
P = QγHA

Input Power of Turbine:

P = QγHE
Efficiency
 Or mechanical efficiency of pump (or turbine) is
the ratio of the power delivered by the pump (or
turbine) to the power supplied to the pump (or
turbine).
Problem 6
Water enters a motor through a 600 mm diameter pipe
under a pressure of 14 kPa. It leaves through a 900mm
diameter exhaust pipe with a pressure of 4 kPa. A
vertical distance of 2.5m separates the centers of the
two pipes. Compute the power supplied to the motor.

Q = 500 li/s
T
2.5m
Problem 7
Water is flowing at a rate of 115 L/min through the fluid
motor shown. The pressure at A is 700 kPa and the
pressure at B is 125 kPa. It is estimated that the energy
loss in the tubing is 4.0 N.m/N of water flowing. (a)
Calculate the power delivered to the turbine by the
water. (b) if the mechanical efficiency of the motor is 85
percent, calculate the power output.
Problem 7

21 mm
dia.

74.4 mm
dia.
 Problem 8
The pump shown draws water from reservoir A at
elevation 10m and lifts it to reservoir B at elevation 60m.
The loss of head from A to 1 is two times the velocity
head in the 200mm diameter pipe and the head loss from
2 to B is ten times the velocity head in the 150 mm
diameter pipe. Determine the rated horsepower of the
pump and the pressure heads at 1 & 2 in meters when
the discharge is 0.03 m3/s.
Problem 8

B El. 60m

El. 10m A Q2
500m – 200mm
1
P 2
El. 0m

Q1
Graphical Interpretation
of Bernoulli’s Equation
Graphical Interpretation

❶
*constant
Datum diameter
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)
 HGL is the level water would rise to in a small, vertical
tube connected to the pipe.
 is the sum of the elevation and pressure head.
 also known as pressure gradient.

piezometer
Energy Grade Line (EGL)
 graphical representation of the total flow energy.
 always greater by a value of the velocity head than
the HGL
Properties of EGL and HGL
 HGL and EGL slope downward in the direction of the
flow
 EGL may only rise with the presence of a pump
 The drop in the EGL is the head loss between two
points.
 Wihout head loss, the EGL is horizontal.
 Problem 9
A pipe line with a pump leads to a nozzle as shown. Find
the flow rate when the pump develops a 24.4m head.
Assume HL in the 152mm pipe to be 5 times its velocity
head while the head loss in the 102mm pipe to be 12
times its velocity head. (a) compute for the flow rate (b)
sketch the energy grade line & the hydraulic grade line
(c) find the pressure at the suction side.
Problem 9

El. 24.4m
76.2mm
El. 21.3m

102mm
Dia.

Dia.
❷
Suction
❶
El. 15.2m
152mm
Pump
Dia.
Discharge